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Li S, Murakami D, Nagatoishi S, Liu Y, Tsumoto K, Katayama Y, Mori T. One-pot preparation of mannan-coated antigen nanoparticles using human serum albumin as a matrix for tolerance induction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 649:955-965. [PMID: 37392685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) for allergen immunotherapy have garnered attention for their high efficiency and safety compared with naked antigen proteins. In this work, we present mannan-coated protein NPs, incorporating antigen proteins for antigen-specific tolerance induction. The heat-induced formation of protein NPs is a one-pot preparation method and can be applied to various proteins. Here, the NPs were formed spontaneously via heat denaturation of three component proteins: an antigen protein, human serum albumin (HSA) as a matrix protein, and mannoprotein (MAN) as a targeting ligand for dendritic cells (DCs). HSA is non-immunogenic, therefore suitable as a matrix protein, while MAN coats the surface of the NP. We applied this method to various antigen proteins and found that the self-disperse after heat denaturation was a requirement for incorporation into the NPs. We also established that the NPs could target DCs, and the incorporation of rapamycin into the NPs enhanced the induction of a tolerogenic phenotype of DC. The MAN coating provided steric hindrance and heat denaturation destroyed recognition structures, successfully preventing anti-antigen antibody binding, indicating the NPs may avoid anaphylaxis induction. The MAN-coated NPs proposed here, prepared by a simple method, have the potential for effective and safe allergies treatment for various antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyi Li
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Daisuke Murakami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 812-8582 Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 819-0395, Japan; International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Centre for Advanced Medicine Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, 32023, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 819-0395, Japan.
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Castenmiller C, Keumatio-Doungtsop BC, van Ree R, de Jong EC, van Kooyk Y. Tolerogenic Immunotherapy: Targeting DC Surface Receptors to Induce Antigen-Specific Tolerance. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643240. [PMID: 33679806 PMCID: PMC7933040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are well-established as major players in the regulation of immune responses. They either induce inflammatory or tolerogenic responses, depending on the DC-subtype and stimuli they receive from the local environment. This dual capacity of DCs has raised therapeutic interest for their use to modify immune-activation via the generation of tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs). Several compounds such as vitamin D3, retinoic acid, dexamethasone, or IL-10 and TGF-β have shown potency in the induction of tolDCs. However, an increasing interest exists in defining tolerance inducing receptors on DCs for new targeting strategies aimed to develop tolerance inducing immunotherapies, on which we focus particular in this review. Ligation of specific cell surface molecules on DCs can result in antigen presentation to T cells in the presence of inhibitory costimulatory molecules and tolerogenic cytokines, giving rise to regulatory T cells. The combination of factors such as antigen structure and conformation, delivery method, and receptor specificity is of paramount importance. During the last decades, research provided many tools that can specifically target various receptors on DCs to induce a tolerogenic phenotype. Based on advances in the knowledge of pathogen recognition receptor expression profiles in human DC subsets, the most promising cell surface receptors that are currently being explored as possible targets for the induction of tolerance in DCs will be discussed. We also review the different strategies that are being tested to target DC receptors such as antigen-carbohydrate conjugates, antibody-antigen fusion proteins and antigen-adjuvant conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Castenmiller
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brigitte-Carole Keumatio-Doungtsop
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esther C de Jong
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Cornel AM, van Til NP, Boelens JJ, Nierkens S. Strategies to Genetically Modulate Dendritic Cells to Potentiate Anti-Tumor Responses in Hematologic Malignancies. Front Immunol 2018; 9:982. [PMID: 29867960 PMCID: PMC5968097 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccination has been investigated as a potential strategy to target hematologic malignancies, while generating sustained immunological responses to control potential future relapse. Nonetheless, few clinical trials have shown robust long-term efficacy. It has been suggested that a combination of surmountable shortcomings, such as selection of utilized DC subsets, DC loading and maturation strategies, as well as tumor-induced immunosuppression may be targeted to maximize anti-tumor responses of DC vaccines. Generation of DC from CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) may provide potential in patients undergoing allogeneic HSPC transplantations for hematologic malignancies. CD34+ HSPC from the graft can be genetically modified to optimize antigen presentation and to provide sufficient T cell stimulatory signals. We here describe beneficial (gene)-modifications that can be implemented in various processes in T cell activation by DC, among which major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II presentation, DC maturation and migration, cross-presentation, co-stimulation, and immunosuppression to improve anti-tumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelisa M Cornel
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Niek P van Til
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Jan Boelens
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Mahnke K, Ring S, Enk AH. Antibody Targeting of "Steady-State" Dendritic Cells Induces Tolerance Mediated by Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2016; 7:63. [PMID: 26941742 PMCID: PMC4763042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are often defined as pivotal inducers of immunity, but these proinflammatory properties only develop after stimulation or ex vivo manipulation of DCs. Under non-inflammatory conditions in vivo, DCs are embedded into a tissue environment and encounter a plethora of self-antigens derived from apoptotic material. This material is transported to secondary lymphoid organs. As DCs maintain their non-activated phenotype in a sterile tissue environment, interaction with T cells will induce rather regulatory T cells than effector T cells. Thus, DCs are not only inducers of immunity but are also critical for maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Therapeutically, intervention for the induction of long-lasting tolerance in several autoimmune conditions may therefore be possible by manipulating DC activation and/or targeting of DCs in their “natural” tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Mahnke
- University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Sabine Ring
- University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Alexander H Enk
- University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
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Baravalle G, Greer AM, LaFlam TN, Shin JS. Antigen-conjugated human IgE induces antigen-specific T cell tolerance in a humanized mouse model. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 192:3280-8. [PMID: 24610015 PMCID: PMC4472313 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in immune homeostasis through their ability to present Ags at steady state and mediate T cell tolerance. This characteristic renders DCs an attractive therapeutic target for the induction of tolerance against auto-antigens or allergens. Accordingly, Ag-conjugated DC-specific Abs have been proposed to be an excellent vehicle to deliver Ags to DCs for presentation and tolerance induction. However, this approach requires laborious reagent generation procedures and entails unpredictable side effects resulting from Ab-induced crosslinking of DC surface molecules. In this study, we examined whether IgE, a high-affinity, non-cross-linking natural ligand of FcεRI, could be used to target Ags to DCs and to induce Ag-specific T cell tolerance. We found that Ag-conjugated human IgE Fc domain (Fcε) effectively delivered Ags to DCs and enhanced Ag presentation by 1000- to 2500-fold in human FcεRIα-transgenic mice. Importantly, this presentation resulted in a systemic deletion of Ag-specific T cells and prevented these mice from developing delayed-type hypersensitivity, which is critically dependent on Ag-specific T cell immunity. Thus, targeting FcεRI on DCs via Ag-Fcε fusion protein may serve an alternative method to induce Ag-specific T cell tolerance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Baravalle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Alexandra M. Greer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Taylor N. LaFlam
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Jeoung-Sook Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
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Andoh Y, Makino N, Yamakawa M. Dendritic cells fused with different pancreatic carcinoma cells induce different T-cell responses. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:29-40. [PMID: 23378772 PMCID: PMC3558252 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s37916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is unclear whether there are any differences in the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and CD4+CD25high regulatory T-cells (Tregs) among dendritic cells (DCs) fused with different pancreatic carcinomas. The aim of this study was to compare the ability to induce cytotoxicity by human DCs fused with different human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines and to elucidate the causes of variable cytotoxicity among cell lines. Methods Monocyte-derived DCs, which were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), were fused with carcinoma cells such as Panc-1, KP-1NL, QGP-1, and KP-3L. The induction of CTL and Tregs, and cytokine profile of PBMCs stimulated by fused DCs were evaluated. Results The cytotoxicity against tumor targets induced by PBMCs cocultured with DCs fused with QGP-1 (DC/QGP-1) was very low, even though PBMCs cocultured with DCs fused with other cell lines induced significant cytotoxicity against the respective tumor target. The factors causing this low cytotoxicity were subsequently investigated. DC/QGP-1 induced a significant expansion of Tregs in cocultured PBMCs compared with DC/KP-3L. The level of interleukin-10 secreted in the supernatants of PBMCs cocultured with DC/QGP-1 was increased significantly compared with that in DC/KP-3L. Downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I expression and increased secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor were observed with QGP-1, as well as in the other cell lines. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that the cytotoxicity induced by DCs fused with pancreatic cancer cell lines was different between each cell line, and that the reduced cytotoxicity of DC/QGP-1 might be related to the increased secretion of interleukin-10 and the extensive induction of Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Andoh
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics ; Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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Johnson TS, Munn DH. Host Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase: Contribution to Systemic Acquired Tumor Tolerance. Immunol Invest 2012; 41:765-97. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2012.689405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Du J, Wang J, Tan G, Cai Z, Zhang L, Tang B, Wang Z. Aberrant elevated microRNA-146a in dendritic cells (DC) induced by human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3-conditioned medium inhibits DC maturation and activation. Med Oncol 2012; 29:2814-23. [PMID: 22311263 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that the function of dendritic cell (DC) is suppressed in pancreatic cancer patients; however, the detailed mechanism involved in it remains unclear. Here, we used medium conditioned by a highly metastatic human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 [BxPC-3-conditioned medium (BxCM)] to culture human CD14+ monocyte-derived DCs in vitro. Both DC differentiation and antigen presentation function were inhibited by BxCM. The microRNA-146a (miRNA-146a) expression is aberrantly up-regulated in BxCM-treated DCs. In addition, inhibition of aberrant miRNA-146a expression partly rescues the BxCM-induced defects in differentiation and function of DCs, which may be through regulation of Smad4 expression. Taken together, our findings indicate that aberrant miRNA-146a expression is one of main factors responsible for inhibition of DC maturation and antigen presentation function, and this inhibitory effect on DCs may be due to the repression of Smad4 mediated signal pathway by BxCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Du
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, People's Republic of China
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Walczak M, Regts J, van Oosterhout AJM, Boon L, Wilschut J, Nijman HW, Daemen T. Role of regulatory T-cells in immunization strategies involving a recombinant alphavirus vector system. Antivir Ther 2011; 16:207-18. [PMID: 21447870 DOI: 10.3851/imp1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T-cells (Treg) hamper immune responses elicited by cancer vaccines. Therefore, depletion of Treg is being used to improve the outcome of vaccinations. METHODS We studied whether an alphavirus vector-based immunotherapeutic vaccine changes the number and/or activity of Treg and if Treg depletion improves the efficacy of this vaccine against tumours. The vaccine is based on a Semliki Forest virus (SFV). The recombinant SFV replicon particles encode a fusion protein of E6 and E7 from human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 (SFVeE6,7). RESULTS We demonstrated that SFVeE6,7 immunization did not change Treg levels and their suppressive activity. Depletion of Treg in mice, using the novel anti-folate receptor 4 antibody, did not enhance the immune response induced by SFVeE6,7 immunization. Both the priming and the proliferation phases of the HPV-specific response elicited with SFVeE6,7 were not affected by the immune-suppressive activity of Treg. Moreover, Treg depletion did not improve the therapeutic antitumour response of SFVeE6,7 in a murine tumour model. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of the SFVeE6,7 vaccine was not hampered by Treg. Therefore, SFVeE6,7 seems a very promising candidate for the treatment of HPV-induced disease, as it may not require additional immune interventions to modulate Treg activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Walczak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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Fujita J, Mizuki M, Otsuka M, Ezoe S, Tanaka H, Satoh Y, Fukushima K, Tokunaga M, Matsumura I, Kanakura Y. Myeloid neoplasm-related gene abnormalities differentially affect dendritic cell differentiation from murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Immunol Lett 2011; 136:61-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hänninen A, Maksimow M, Alam C, Morgan DJ, Jalkanen S. Ly6C supports preferential homing of central memory CD8+ T cells into lymph nodes. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:634-44. [PMID: 21308682 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ly6C is a murine cell-surface antigen expressed by plasma cells, subsets of myeloid cells and many T cells, including memory T cells. We previously documented that Ly6C crosslinking induces LFA-1 clustering on naïve CD8(+) T cells. Here, we show that in vitro and in vivo differentiation of naïve CD8(+) T cells into central (Tcm) but not effector (Tem) memory T cells enhances Ly6C expression, and its crosslinking induces strong LFA-1 clustering on Tcm. Blocking Ly6C function inhibits in vivo Tcm homing to LNs as efficiently as blocking L-selectin but it does not potentiate the inhibition provided by blocking either L-selectin or LFA-1 function. Thus, Ly6C, L-selectin and LFA-1 all appear to be part of a common homing pathway. In vitro, Ly6C crosslinking enhances Tcm adherence to ICAM-1 in the presence of CCL21. In summary, Tcm homing involves Ly6C, in addition to L-selectin and LFA-1, and appears to potentiate firm adhesion of Tcm to ICAM-1 in synergy with a chemokine. We propose that Ly6C augments Tcm compartmentalization into LNs during their homing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Hänninen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Walczak M, de Mare A, Riezebos-Brilman A, Regts J, Hoogeboom BN, Visser JT, Fiedler M, Jansen-Dürr P, van der Zee AGJ, Nijman HW, Wilschut J, Daemen T. Heterologous Prime-Boost Immunizations with a Virosomal and an Alphavirus Replicon Vaccine. Mol Pharm 2010; 8:65-77. [DOI: 10.1021/mp1002043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Walczak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan de Mare
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies Riezebos-Brilman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joke Regts
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Baukje-Nynke Hoogeboom
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen T. Visser
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Fiedler
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pidder Jansen-Dürr
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ate G. J. van der Zee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W. Nijman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Wilschut
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Toos Daemen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Maksimow M, Alam C, Hänninen A. Incomplete Killing And Enhanced Activation of Islet-Reactive CD8+ T Cells by FasL-Expressing Dendritic Cells Limits Protection from Diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud 2008; 5:144-53. [PMID: 19099086 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2008.5.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Autologous dendritic cells (DC) are a promising tool for induction of cytotoxic CD8+ T cell immunity against tumors and chronic viral infections. When armed with the death-inducing Fas-ligand (FasL, CD195), DC attenuate delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and allotransplant rejection by promoting activation-induced cell death in T cells. We investigated the possibility of using FasL-expressing DC to induce deletion of islet-reactive CD8+ T cells in vivo, and to prevent destruction of pancreatic islets in a model of autoimmune diabetes. METHODS DC, propagated from mouse bone marrow cells, were purified and made to express FasL and islet-antigen via plasmid transfection. CD8+ T cells (OT-I cells) recognizing the antigen, ovalbumin, were adoptively transferred to transgenic mice expressing ovalbumin in islets (RIP-OVA(lo) mice), and these mice were primed with ovalbumin. To test the potential of DC to prevent diabetes in this model, the mice were later intravenously vaccinated with the transfected DC. RESULTS Transfected DC induced partial deletion of antigen-reactive CD8+ T cells in vivo and reduced the level of lymphocyte infiltration into pancreatic islets. Diabetes developed less frequently in vaccinated mice, but this effect was limited. Further in vitro analysis showed that FasL-expressing DC not only deleted many of the responding CD8+ T cells but also promoted the expansion of surviving cells and their IFN-gamma production. CONCLUSIONS FasL-expressing DC can also have stimulatory effects on CD8+ T cells warranting further investigation into the optimal design of tolerance-promoting DC-vaccination to prevent autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Maksimow
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Finland
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15
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Berraondo P, Nouzé C, Préville X, Ladant D, Leclerc C. Eradication of large tumors in mice by a tritherapy targeting the innate, adaptive, and regulatory components of the immune system. Cancer Res 2007; 67:8847-55. [PMID: 17875726 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 antigen to dendritic cells with the adenylate cyclase (CyaA) of Bordetella pertussis as a vaccine vector led to potent therapeutic immune responses against TC-1 tumors in a murine model of cervical carcinoma induced by HPV. However, as the time between tumor graft and vaccination increased, the antitumor efficacy of the CyaA-E7 vaccine gradually decreased. The vaccine had no effect if the tumor diameter was >8 mm. Analyses of regulatory cells recruited during TC-1 tumor growth revealed a high number of splenic MDSCs and a large percentage of regulatory T cells, particularly in the tumor. Administration of a tritherapy including CpG complexed with a cationic lipid, low-dose cyclophosphamide, and the CyaA-E7 vaccine completely overcame tumor-associated immunosuppression and eradicated large, established tumors in almost all treated animals. This strong antitumor response was followed by a large expansion of regulatory T cells in tumor, spleen, and tumor-draining lymph nodes and of splenic neutrophils. These findings indicate that immunotherapeutic strategies that simultaneously target innate, adaptive, and regulatory components of the immune system are effective in the eradication of large tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Berraondo
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Paris, France
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Heit A, Schmitz F, Haas T, Busch DH, Wagner H. Antigen co-encapsulated with adjuvants efficiently drive protective T cell immunity. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:2063-74. [PMID: 17628858 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Compared to "live" vaccines, the immunogenicity of "subunit" vaccines based on recombinant antigen (Ag) is poor, presumably because exogenous Ag fails to effectively access the endosomal Ag-processing pathways of Ag-presenting cells (APC). To overcome this limitation, we exploited biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic) microspheres (MP) co-entrapping Ag and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 or 7 ligands as an endosomal delivery device. In vitro, microspheres were rapidly phagocytosed by APC and translocated into phago-endosomal compartments, followed by degradation of the Ag and concurrent activation of endosomal TLR. As a consequence, full maturation of and cytokine secretion by APC as well as Ag-cross-presentation ensued. In vivo, "loaded" microspheres triggered clonal expansion of primary and secondary Ag-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. The efficacy of CD8 T cell cross-priming was comparable to that of live vectors. The potency of T cell vaccination was demonstrated by protective and therapeutic interventions using infection- and tumor-model systems. These preclinical "subunit" vaccination data thus recommend MP as a generally applicable and powerful endosomal delivery device of exogenous Ag plus TLR-based adjuvants to vaccinate for protective and therapeutic CD4 and CD8 T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Heit
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
The specificity and high affinity binding of antibodies provides these molecules with ideal properties for delivering a payload to target cells. This concept has been commercialized for cancer therapies using toxin- or radionucleotide-conjugated antibodies that are designed to selectively deliver cytotoxic molecules to cancer cells. Exploiting the same effective characteristics of antibodies, antibody-targeted vaccines (ATV) are designed to deliver disease-specific antigens to professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), thus enabling the host's immune system to recognize and eliminate malignant or infected cells through adaptive immunity. The concept of ATVs has been in development for many years, and recently has entered clinical trials. Early studies with ATVs focused on the ability to induce humoral immunity in the absence of adjuvants. More recently, ATVs targeted to C-type lectin receptors have been exploited for induction of potent helper and cytolytic T-cell responses. To maximize their stimulatory capacity, the ATVs are being evaluated with a variety of adjuvants or other immunostimulatory agents. In the absence of co-administered immunostimulatory signals, APC-targeting can induce antigen-specific tolerance and, thus, may also be exploited in developing specific treatments for autoimmune and allergic diseases, or for preventing transplant rejection. The successful clinical application of this new class of antibody-based products will clearly depend on using appropriate combinations with other strategies that influence the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Keler
- Celldex Therapeutics Inc, Phillipsburg, NJ 08865, USA.
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Lange C, Dürr M, Doster H, Melms A, Bischof F. Dendritic cell-regulatory T-cell interactions control self-directed immunity. Immunol Cell Biol 2007; 85:575-81. [PMID: 17592494 DOI: 10.1038/sj.icb.7100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their immunostimulatory capacity, dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms. In the absence of an infection, immature DCs constantly take up, process and present self-antigens to specific T cells, which leads to the induction of T-cell anergy or deletion. In recent years, several additional mechanisms have been identified by which DCs constantly downregulate immune responses to maintain immunological tolerance. Among these are the complex interactions between several DC subtypes and different types of regulatory T cells. In this review, we summarize recent key findings and concepts in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lange
- Department of General Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, Tübingen, Germany.
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Abstract
Tumors arise from normal cells of the body through genetic mutation. Although such genetic mutation often leads to the expression of abnormal antigens, the immune system fails to respond effectively to these antigens; that is, it is tolerant of these antigens. This acquired state of tolerance must be overcome for cancer immunotherapy to succeed. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is one molecular mechanism that contributes to tumor-induced tolerance. IDO helps create a tolerogenic milieu in the tumor and the tumor-draining lymph nodes, both by direct suppression of T cells and enhancement of local Treg-mediated immunosuppression. It can also function as an antagonist to other activators of antitumor immunity. Therefore, strategies to block IDO might enhance the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Munn
- Immunotherapy Program, Department of Pediatrics, MCG Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent studies have shown that disease-associated self-antigens activate chemokine receptors. This review focuses on the mechanics of autoantigen interaction with select chemokine receptors, how these migratory signals are amplified and discusses the possibility that chemokine receptors can be valuable therapeutic targets in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune disease. RECENT FINDINGS We have recently shown that most autoantigens are chemotactic for immature dendritic cells, suggesting that autoantigens have the potential to bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems. Autoantigens also induce other leukocytes expressing their responsive chemokine receptor to migrate. These newly recruited leukocytes, in response to proinflammatory mediators, simulate the surrounding tissues to release chemokines. Several groups have reported increases in both select chemokines and chemokine receptors in inflamed tissues. Taken together, these studies suggest that autoantigens initiate leukocyte migration into damaged and inflamed tissue that leads to the subsequent amplification of the inflammatory response. SUMMARY Most autoantigens induce chemokine receptor mediated cell migration, therefore targeting chemokine receptors for either prevention or therapy has great potential to limit autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Zack Howard
- Center for Cancer Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Raynaud phenomenon, scleroderma, overlap syndromes and other fibrosing syndromes. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2006; 18:654-6. [PMID: 17053515 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e328010f1cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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