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Dissecting TET2 Regulatory Networks in Blood Differentiation and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030830. [PMID: 35159097 PMCID: PMC8834528 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bone marrow disorders such as leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes are characterized by abnormal healthy blood cells production and function. Uncontrolled growth and impaired differentiation of white blood cells hinder the correct development of healthy cells in the bone marrow. One of the most frequent alterations that appear to initiate this deregulation and persist in leukemia patients are mutations in epigenetic regulators such as TET2. This review summarizes the latest molecular findings regarding TET2 functions in hematopoietic cells and their potential implications in blood cancer origin and evolution. Our goal was to encompass and interlink up-to-date discoveries of the convoluted TET2 functional network to provide a more precise overview of the leukemic burden of this protein. Abstract Cytosine methylation (5mC) of CpG is the major epigenetic modification of mammalian DNA, playing essential roles during development and cancer. Although DNA methylation is generally associated with transcriptional repression, its role in gene regulation during cell fate decisions remains poorly understood. DNA demethylation can be either passive or active when initiated by TET dioxygenases. During active demethylation, transcription factors (TFs) recruit TET enzymes (TET1, 2, and 3) to specific gene regulatory regions to first catalyze the oxidation of 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and subsequently to higher oxidized cytosine derivatives. Only TET2 is frequently mutated in the hematopoietic system from the three TET family members. These mutations initially lead to the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) compartment expansion, eventually evolving to give rise to a wide range of blood malignancies. This review focuses on recent advances in characterizing the main TET2-mediated molecular mechanisms that activate aberrant transcriptional programs in blood cancer onset and development. In addition, we discuss some of the key outstanding questions in the field.
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2
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Kazi JU, Rönnstrand L. FMS-like Tyrosine Kinase 3/FLT3: From Basic Science to Clinical Implications. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1433-1466. [PMID: 31066629 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is expressed almost exclusively in the hematopoietic compartment. Its ligand, FLT3 ligand (FL), induces dimerization and activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. Activation of FLT3 leads to its autophosphorylation and initiation of several signal transduction cascades. Signaling is initiated by the recruitment of signal transduction molecules to activated FLT3 through binding to specific phosphorylated tyrosine residues in the intracellular region of FLT3. Activation of FLT3 mediates cell survival, cell proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. It acts in synergy with several other cytokines to promote its biological effects. Deregulated FLT3 activity has been implicated in several diseases, most prominently in acute myeloid leukemia where around one-third of patients carry an activating mutant of FLT3 which drives the disease and is correlated with poor prognosis. Overactivity of FLT3 has also been implicated in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. The observation that gain-of-function mutations of FLT3 can promote leukemogenesis has stimulated the development of inhibitors that target this receptor. Many of these are in clinical trials, and some have been approved for clinical use. However, problems with acquired resistance to these inhibitors are common and, furthermore, only a fraction of patients respond to these selective treatments. This review provides a summary of our current knowledge regarding structural and functional aspects of FLT3 signaling, both under normal and pathological conditions, and discusses challenges for the future regarding the use of targeted inhibition of these pathways for the treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; and Division of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; and Division of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
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3
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Expression and regulation of C/EBPα in normal myelopoiesis and in malignant transformation. Blood 2017; 129:2083-2091. [PMID: 28179278 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-687822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most studied transcription factors in hematopoiesis is the leucine zipper CCAAT-enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), which is mainly involved in cell fate decisions for myeloid differentiation. Its involvement in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is diverse, with patients frequently exhibiting mutations, deregulation of gene expression, or alterations in the function of C/EBPα. In this review, we emphasize the importance of C/EBPα for neutrophil maturation, its role in myeloid priming of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and its indispensable requirement for AML development. We discuss that mutations in the open reading frame of CEBPA lead to an altered C/EBPα function, affecting the expression of downstream genes and consequently deregulating myelopoiesis. The emerging transcriptional mechanisms of CEBPA are discussed based on recent studies. Novel insights on how these mechanisms may be deregulated by oncoproteins or mutations/variants in CEBPA enhancers are suggested in principal to reveal novel mechanisms of how CEBPA is deregulated at the transcriptional level.
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Jakobsen JS, Bagger FO, Hasemann MS, Schuster MB, Frank AK, Waage J, Vitting-Seerup K, Porse BT. Amplification of pico-scale DNA mediated by bacterial carrier DNA for small-cell-number transcription factor ChIP-seq. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:46. [PMID: 25652644 PMCID: PMC4328043 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-014-1195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation coupled with deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) is used to map transcription factor occupancy and generate epigenetic profiles genome-wide. The requirement of nano-scale ChIP DNA for generation of sequencing libraries has impeded ChIP-seq on in vivo tissues of low cell numbers. RESULTS We describe a robust, simple and scalable methodology for ChIP-seq of low-abundant cell populations, verified down to 10,000 cells. By employing non-mammalian genome mapping bacterial carrier DNA during amplification, we reliably amplify down to 50 pg of ChIP DNA from transcription factor (CEBPA) and histone mark (H3K4me3) ChIP. We further demonstrate that genomic profiles are highly resilient to changes in carrier DNA to ChIP DNA ratios. CONCLUSIONS This represents a significant advance compared to existing technologies, which involve either complex steps of pre-selection for nucleosome-containing chromatin or pre-amplification of precipitated DNA, making them prone to introduce experimental biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janus S Jakobsen
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Frederik O Bagger
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Marie S Hasemann
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mikkel B Schuster
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anne-Katrine Frank
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Johannes Waage
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Present address: Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Ledreborg Alle 34, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Kristoffer Vitting-Seerup
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Bo T Porse
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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5
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Volpe G, Walton DS, Del Pozzo W, Garcia P, Dassé E, O’Neill LP, Griffiths M, Frampton J, Dumon S. C/EBPα and MYB regulate FLT3 expression in AML. Leukemia 2013; 27:1487-96. [PMID: 23340802 PMCID: PMC4214120 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between the receptor FLT3 (FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3) and its ligand FL leads to crucial signalling during the early stages of the commitment of haematopoietic stem cells. Mutation or over-expression of the FLT3 gene, leading to constitutive signalling, enhances the survival and expansion of a variety of leukaemias and is associated with an unfavourable clinical outcome for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients. In this study, we used a murine cellular model for AML and primary leukaemic cells from AML patients to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of FLT3 gene expression and identify its key cis- and trans-regulators. By assessing DNA accessibility and epigenetic markings, we defined regulatory domains in the FLT3 promoter and first intron. These elements permit in vivo binding of several AML-related transcription factors, including the proto-oncogene MYB and the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein C/EBPα, which are recruited to the FLT3 promoter and intronic module, respectively. Substantiating their relevance to the human disease, our analysis of gene expression profiling arrays from AML patients uncovered significant correlations between FLT3 expression level and that of MYB and CEBPA. The latter relationship permits discrimination between patients with CEBPA mono- and bi-allelic mutations, and thus connects two major prognostic factors for AML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins/genetics
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epigenesis, Genetic/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/physiology
- Genetic Complementation Test
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Introns/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myeloid Ecotropic Viral Integration Site 1 Protein
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- G Volpe
- Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - DS Walton
- Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - W Del Pozzo
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, XG, The Netherlands
| | - P Garcia
- Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - E Dassé
- Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - LP O’Neill
- Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Griffiths
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Frampton
- Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Dumon
- Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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6
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Hasemann MS, Schuster MB, Frank AK, Theilgaard-Mönch K, Pedersen TÅ, Nerlov C, Porse BT. Phosphorylation of serine 248 of C/EBPα is dispensable for myelopoiesis but its disruption leads to a low penetrant myeloid disorder with long latency. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38841. [PMID: 22715416 PMCID: PMC3371045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transcription factors play a key role in lineage commitment and differentiation of stem cells into distinct mature cells. In hematopoiesis, they regulate lineage-specific gene expression in a stage-specific manner through various physical and functional interactions with regulatory proteins that are simultanously recruited and activated to ensure timely gene expression. The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) is such a factor and is essential for the development of granulocytic/monocytic cells. The activity of C/EBPα is regulated on several levels including gene expression, alternative translation, protein interactions and posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation. In particular, the phosphorylation of serine 248 of the transactivation domain has been shown to be of crucial importance for granulocytic differentiation of 32Dcl3 cells in vitro. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we use mouse genetics to investigate the significance of C/EBPα serine 248 in vivo through the construction and analysis of CebpaS248A/S248A knock-in mice. Surprisingly, 8-week old CebpaS248A/S248A mice display normal steady-state hematopoiesis including unaltered development of mature myeloid cells. However, over time some of the animals develop a hematopoietic disorder with accumulation of multipotent, megakaryocytic and erythroid progenitor cells and a mild impairment of differentiation along the granulocytic-monocytic lineage. Furthermore, BM cells from CebpaS248A/S248A animals display a competitive advantage compared to wild type cells in a transplantation assay. Conclusions/Significance Taken together, our data shows that the substitution of C/EBPα serine 248 to alanine favors the selection of the megakaryocytic/erythroid lineage over the monocytic/granulocytic compartment in old mice and suggests that S248 phosphorylation may be required to maintain proper hematopoietic homeostasis in response to changes in the wiring of cellular signalling networks. More broadly, the marked differences between the phenotype of the S248A variant in vivo and in vitro highlight the need to exert caution when extending in vitro phenotypes to the more appropriate in vivo context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie S. Hasemann
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B. Schuster
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Katrine Frank
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Theilgaard-Mönch
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Deptartment of Hematology, Skanes University Hospital, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Å. Pedersen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Mouse Biology Unit, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Claus Nerlov
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Mouse Biology Unit, Monterotondo, Italy
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburg, Edinburg, United Kingdom
| | - Bo T. Porse
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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7
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Two types of C/EBPα mutations play distinct but collaborative roles in leukemogenesis: lessons from clinical data and BMT models. Blood 2011; 117:221-33. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-02-270181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Two types of mutations of a transcription factor CCAAT-enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) are found in leukemic cells of 5%-14% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients: N-terminal mutations expressing dominant negative p30 and C-terminal mutations in the basic leucine zipper domain. Our results showed that a mutation of C/EBPα in one allele was observed in AML after myelodysplastic syndrome, while the 2 alleles are mutated in de novo AML. Unlike an N-terminal frame-shift mutant (C/EBPα-Nm)–transduced cells, a C-terminal mutant (C/EBPα-Cm)–transduced cells alone induced AML with leukopenia in mice 4-12 months after bone marrow transplantation. Coexpression of both mutants induced AML with marked leukocytosis with shorter latencies. Interestingly, C/EBPα-Cm collaborated with an Flt3-activating mutant Flt3-ITD in inducing AML. Moreover, C/EBPα-Cm strongly blocked myeloid differentiation of 32Dcl3 cells, suggesting its class II mutation-like role in leukemogenesis. Although C/EBPα-Cm failed to inhibit transcriptional activity of wild-type C/EBPα, it suppressed the synergistic effect between C/EBPα and PU.1. On the other hand, C/EBPα-Nm inhibited C/EBPα activation in the absence of PU.1, despite low expression levels of p30 protein generated by C/EBPα-Nm. Thus, 2 types of C/EBPα mutations are implicated in leukemo-genesis, involving different and cooperating molecular mechanisms.
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8
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Thoren LA, Nørgaard GA, Weischenfeldt J, Waage J, Jakobsen JS, Damgaard I, Bergström FC, Blom AM, Borup R, Bisgaard HC, Porse BT. UPF2 is a critical regulator of liver development, function and regeneration. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11650. [PMID: 20657840 PMCID: PMC2906512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a post-transcriptional RNA surveillance process that facilitates the recognition and destruction of mRNAs bearing premature terminations codons (PTCs). Such PTC-containing (PTC+) mRNAs may arise from different processes, including erroneous processing and expression of pseudogenes, but also from more regulated events such as alternative splicing coupled NMD (AS-NMD). Thus, the NMD pathway serves both as a silencer of genomic noise and a regulator of gene expression. Given the early embryonic lethality in NMD deficient mice, uncovering the full regulatory potential of the NMD pathway in mammals will require the functional assessment of NMD in different tissues. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we use mouse genetics to address the role of UPF2, a core NMD component, in the development, function and regeneration of the liver. We find that loss of NMD during fetal liver development is incompatible with postnatal life due to failure of terminal differentiation. Moreover, deletion of Upf2 in the adult liver results in hepatosteatosis and disruption of liver homeostasis. Finally, NMD was found to be absolutely required for liver regeneration. Conclusion/Significance Collectively, our data demonstrate the critical role of the NMD pathway in liver development, function and regeneration and highlights the importance of NMD for mammalian biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina A. Thoren
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Gene Therapy Research, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte A. Nørgaard
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Gene Therapy Research, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Weischenfeldt
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Gene Therapy Research, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johannes Waage
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Gene Therapy Research, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janus S. Jakobsen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Gene Therapy Research, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Finsen Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inge Damgaard
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Gene Therapy Research, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frida C. Bergström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M. Blom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rehannah Borup
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Cathrine Bisgaard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo T. Porse
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Gene Therapy Research, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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9
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Bereshchenko O, Mancini E, Moore S, Bilbao D, Månsson R, Luc S, Grover A, Jacobsen SEW, Bryder D, Nerlov C. Hematopoietic stem cell expansion precedes the generation of committed myeloid leukemia-initiating cells in C/EBPalpha mutant AML. Cancer Cell 2009; 16:390-400. [PMID: 19878871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We here use knockin mutagenesis in the mouse to model the spectrum of acquired CEBPA mutations in human acute myeloid leukemia. We find that C-terminal C/EBPalpha mutations increase the proliferation of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) in a cell-intrinsic manner and override normal HSC homeostasis, leading to expansion of premalignant HSCs. However, such mutations impair myeloid programming of HSCs and block myeloid lineage commitment when homozygous. In contrast, N-terminal C/EBPalpha mutations are silent with regards to HSC expansion, but allow the formation of committed myeloid progenitors, the templates for leukemia-initiating cells. The combination of N- and C-terminal C/EBPalpha mutations incorporates both features, accelerating disease development and explaining the clinical prevalence of this configuration of CEBPA mutations.
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10
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Kool J, Berns A. High-throughput insertional mutagenesis screens in mice to identify oncogenic networks. Nat Rev Cancer 2009; 9:389-99. [PMID: 19461666 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Retroviral insertional mutagenesis screens have been used for many years as a tool for cancer gene discovery. In recent years, completion of the mouse genome sequence as well as improved technologies for cloning and sequencing of retroviral insertions have greatly facilitated the retrieval of more complete data sets from these screens. The concomitant increase of the size of the screens allows researchers to address new questions about the genes and signalling networks involved in tumour development. In addition, the development of new insertional mutagenesis tools such as DNA transposons enables screens for cancer genes in tissues that previously could not be analysed by retroviral insertional mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap Kool
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Cancer Genomics Centre, The Centre of Biomedical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Benthaus T, Schneider F, Mellert G, Zellmeier E, Schneider S, Kakadia PM, Hiddemann W, Bohlander SK, Feuring-Buske M, Braess J, Spiekermann K, Dufour A. Rapid and sensitive screening for CEBPA mutations in acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2008; 143:230-9. [PMID: 18752591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The presence of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPA) gene mutations in patients with cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia (CN-AML) confers a favourable prognosis. Routine screening of all CN-AML patients for CEBPA mutations is therefore important for individual risk-adapted post-remission therapy and requires a fast and easy screening method. CEBPA mutations are distributed over the entire CEBPA gene and the functional and clinical consequences of the different mutations are still largely unknown. Therefore, we developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based fragment length analysis mutation screening method for the entire CEBPA coding region. We initially evaluated our method by analysing 120 CN-AML samples both by fragment analysis and nucleotide sequencing and reached a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 90%. 349 CN-AML samples were subsequently screened for CEBPA mutations by fragment length analysis. Among a total of 469 CN-AML patient samples, 58 CEBPA mutations were detected in 38 CN-AML patients (8.1%). In conclusion, we established a fast and sensitive CEBPA mutation screening method suitable for inclusion in routine AML diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Benthaus
- Laboratory for Leukaemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University of Munich-Grosshadern, Germany
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