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Liongue C, Ratnayake T, Basheer F, Ward AC. Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3): A Critical Conserved Node in Immunity Disrupted in Immune Cell Cancer and Immunodeficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2977. [PMID: 38474223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK) family is a small group of protein tyrosine kinases that represent a central component of intracellular signaling downstream from a myriad of cytokine receptors. The JAK3 family member performs a particularly important role in facilitating signal transduction for a key set of cytokine receptors that are essential for immune cell development and function. Mutations that impact JAK3 activity have been identified in a number of human diseases, including somatic gain-of-function (GOF) mutations associated with immune cell malignancies and germline loss-of-function (LOF) mutations associated with immunodeficiency. The structure, function and impacts of both GOF and LOF mutations of JAK3 are highly conserved, making animal models highly informative. This review details the biology of JAK3 and the impact of its perturbation in immune cell-related diseases, including relevant animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | | | - Faiza Basheer
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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2
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Neault M, Lebert-Ghali CÉ, Fournier M, Capdevielle C, Garfinkle EAR, Obermayer A, Cotton A, Boulay K, Sawchyn C, St-Amand S, Nguyen KH, Assaf B, Mercier FE, Delisle JS, Drobetsky EA, Hulea L, Shaw TI, Zuber J, Gruber TA, Melichar HJ, Mallette FA. CBFA2T3-GLIS2-dependent pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is driven by GLIS2 and sensitive to navitoclax. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113084. [PMID: 37716355 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is an aggressive blood cancer associated with poor therapeutic response and high mortality. Here we describe the development of CBFA2T3-GLIS2-driven mouse models of AMKL that recapitulate the phenotypic and transcriptional signatures of the human disease. We show that an activating Ras mutation that occurs in human AMKL increases the penetrance and decreases the latency of CBF2AT3-GLIS2-driven AMKL. CBFA2T3-GLIS2 and GLIS2 modulate similar transcriptional networks. We identify the dominant oncogenic properties of GLIS2 that trigger AMKL in cooperation with oncogenic Ras. We find that both CBFA2T3-GLIS2 and GLIS2 alter the expression of a number of BH3-only proteins, causing AMKL cell sensitivity to the BCL2 inhibitor navitoclax both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a potential therapeutic option for pediatric patients suffering from CBFA2T3-GLIS2-driven AMKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Neault
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Charles-Étienne Lebert-Ghali
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marilaine Fournier
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Capdevielle
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A R Garfinkle
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa Obermayer
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Karine Boulay
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christina Sawchyn
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah St-Amand
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kamy H Nguyen
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Béatrice Assaf
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Sébastien Delisle
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elliot A Drobetsky
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Laura Hulea
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Timothy I Shaw
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja A Gruber
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Frédérick A Mallette
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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3
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Kuusanmäki H, Dufva O, Vähä-Koskela M, Leppä AM, Huuhtanen J, Vänttinen I, Nygren P, Klievink J, Bouhlal J, Pölönen P, Zhang Q, Adnan-Awad S, Mancebo-Pérez C, Saad J, Miettinen J, Javarappa KK, Aakko S, Ruokoranta T, Eldfors S, Heinäniemi M, Theilgaard-Mönch K, Wartiovaara-Kautto U, Keränen M, Porkka K, Konopleva M, Wennerberg K, Kontro M, Heckman CA, Mustjoki S. Erythroid/megakaryocytic differentiation confers BCL-XL dependency and venetoclax resistance in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2023; 141:1610-1625. [PMID: 36508699 PMCID: PMC10651789 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid neoplasms with erythroid or megakaryocytic differentiation include pure erythroid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome with erythroid features, and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (FAB M7) and are characterized by poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Here, we investigate the drug sensitivity landscape of these rare malignancies. We show that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells with erythroid or megakaryocytic differentiation depend on the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma (BCL)-XL, rather than BCL-2, using combined ex vivo drug sensitivity testing, genetic perturbation, and transcriptomic profiling. High-throughput screening of >500 compounds identified the BCL-XL-selective inhibitor A-1331852 and navitoclax as highly effective against erythroid/megakaryoblastic leukemia cell lines. In contrast, these AML subtypes were resistant to the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax, which is used clinically in the treatment of AML. Consistently, genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 and RNAi screening data demonstrated the striking essentiality of BCL-XL-encoding BCL2L1 but not BCL2 or MCL1, for the survival of erythroid/megakaryoblastic leukemia cell lines. Single-cell and bulk transcriptomics of patient samples with erythroid and megakaryoblastic leukemias identified high BCL2L1 expression compared with other subtypes of AML and other hematological malignancies, where BCL2 and MCL1 were more prominent. BCL-XL inhibition effectively killed blasts in samples from patients with AML with erythroid or megakaryocytic differentiation ex vivo and reduced tumor burden in a mouse erythroleukemia xenograft model. Combining the BCL-XL inhibitor with the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib showed synergistic and durable responses in cell lines. Our results suggest targeting BCL-XL as a potential therapy option in erythroid/megakaryoblastic leukemias and highlight an AML subgroup with potentially reduced sensitivity to venetoclax-based treatments.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Humans
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/therapeutic use
- bcl-X Protein/genetics
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell
- Cell Differentiation
- Apoptosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Kuusanmäki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Dufva
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Vähä-Koskela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aino-Maija Leppä
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jani Huuhtanen
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ida Vänttinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petra Nygren
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jay Klievink
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonas Bouhlal
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Pölönen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Shady Adnan-Awad
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cristina Mancebo-Pérez
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joseph Saad
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Miettinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Komal K. Javarappa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofia Aakko
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanja Ruokoranta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli Eldfors
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Merja Heinäniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kim Theilgaard-Mönch
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Hematology and Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Wartiovaara-Kautto
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Keränen
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Porkka
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mika Kontro
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline A. Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
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Mustafa AHM, Krämer OH. Pharmacological Modulation of the Crosstalk between Aberrant Janus Kinase Signaling and Epigenetic Modifiers of the Histone Deacetylase Family to Treat Cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:35-61. [PMID: 36752816 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivated Janus kinase (JAK) signaling is an appreciated drug target in human cancers. Numerous mutant JAK molecules as well as inherent and acquired drug resistance mechanisms limit the efficacy of JAK inhibitors (JAKi). There is accumulating evidence that epigenetic mechanisms control JAK-dependent signaling cascades. Like JAKs, epigenetic modifiers of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family regulate the growth and development of cells and are often dysregulated in cancer cells. The notion that inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACi) abrogate oncogenic JAK-dependent signaling cascades illustrates an intricate crosstalk between JAKs and HDACs. Here, we summarize how structurally divergent, broad-acting as well as isoenzyme-specific HDACi, hybrid fusion pharmacophores containing JAKi and HDACi, and proteolysis targeting chimeras for JAKs inactivate the four JAK proteins JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and tyrosine kinase-2. These agents suppress aberrant JAK activity through specific transcription-dependent processes and mechanisms that alter the phosphorylation and stability of JAKs. Pharmacological inhibition of HDACs abrogates allosteric activation of JAKs, overcomes limitations of ATP-competitive type 1 and type 2 JAKi, and interacts favorably with JAKi. Since such findings were collected in cultured cells, experimental animals, and cancer patients, we condense preclinical and translational relevance. We also discuss how future research on acetylation-dependent mechanisms that regulate JAKs might allow the rational design of improved treatments for cancer patients. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Reversible lysine-ɛ-N acetylation and deacetylation cycles control phosphorylation-dependent Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling. The intricate crosstalk between these fundamental molecular mechanisms provides opportunities for pharmacological intervention strategies with modern small molecule inhibitors. This could help patients suffering from cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-Hassan M Mustafa
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (A.-H.M.M., O.H.K.) and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt (A.-H.M.M.)
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (A.-H.M.M., O.H.K.) and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt (A.-H.M.M.)
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5
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Huang J, Hu G, Suo P, Bai L, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu K, Sun Y, Xu L, Kong J, Yan C, Huang X. Unmanipulated haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for pediatric de novo acute megakaryoblastic leukemia without Down syndrome in China: A single-center study. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1116205. [PMID: 36874138 PMCID: PMC9978202 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1116205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background AMKL without DS is a rare but aggressive hematological malignant disease in children, and it is associated with inferior outcomes. Several researchers have regarded pediatric AMKL without DS as high-risk or at least intermediate-risk AML and proposed that upfront allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in first complete remission might improve long-term survival. Patients and method We conducted a retrospective study with twenty-five pediatric (< 14 years old) AMKL patients without DS who underwent haploidentical HSCT in the Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital from July 2016 to July 2021. The diagnostic criteria of AMKL without DS were adapted from the FAB and WHO: ≥ 20% blasts in the bone marrow, and those blasts expressed at least one or more of the platelet glycoproteins: CD41, CD61, or CD42. AMKL with DS and therapy related AML was excluded. Children without a suitable closely HLA-matched related or unrelated donor (donors with more than nine out of 10 matching HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DR, and HLA-DQ loci), were eligible to receive haploidentical HSCT. Definition was adapted from international cooperation group. All statistical tests were conducted with SPSS v.24 and R v.3.6.3. Results The 2-year OS was 54.5 ± 10.3%, and the EFS was 50.9 ± 10.2% in pediatric AMKL without DS undergoing haplo-HSCT. Statistically significantly better EFS was observed in patients with trisomy 19 than in patients without trisomy 19 (80 ± 12.6% and 33.3 ± 12.2%, respectively, P = 0.045), and OS was better in patients with trisomy 19 but with no statistical significance (P = 0.114). MRD negative pre-HSCT patients showed a better OS and EFS than those who were positive (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). Eleven patients relapsed post HSCT. The median time to relapse post HSCT was 2.1 months (range: 1.0-14.4 months). The 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was 46.1 ± 11.6%. One patient developed bronchiolitis obliterans and respiratory failure and died at d + 98 post HSCT. Conclusion AMKL without DS is a rare but aggressive hematological malignant disease in children, and it is associated with inferior outcomes. Trisomy 19 and MRD negative pre-HSCT might contribute to a better EFS and OS. Our TRM was low, haplo-HSCT might be an option for high-risk AMKL without DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Huang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanhua Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Suo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoHui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - KaiYan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - YuQian Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - LanPing Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - ChenHua Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Research Unit of Key Technique for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
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6
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Li F, Xiong Y, Yang M, Chen P, Zhang J, Wang Q, Xu M, Wang Y, He Z, Zhao X, Huang J, Gu X, Zhang L, Sun R, Sun X, Li J, Ou J, Xu T, Huang X, Cao Y, Xu XR, Karakas D, Li J, Ni H, Zhang Q. c-Mpl-del, a c-Mpl alternative splicing isoform, promotes AMKL progression and chemoresistance. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:869. [PMID: 36229456 PMCID: PMC9561678 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMKL) is a clinically heterogeneous subtype of acute myeloid leukemia characterized by unrestricted megakaryoblast proliferation and poor prognosis. Thrombopoietin receptor c-Mpl is a primary regulator of megakaryopoeisis and a potent mitogenic receptor. Aberrant c-Mpl signaling has been implicated in a myriad of myeloid proliferative disorders, some of which can lead to AMKL, however, the role of c-Mpl in AMKL progression remains largely unexplored. Here, we identified increased expression of a c-Mpl alternative splicing isoform, c-Mpl-del, in AMKL patients. We found that c-Mpl-del expression was associated with enhanced AMKL cell proliferation and chemoresistance, and decreased survival in xenografted mice, while c-Mpl-del knockdown attenuated proliferation and restored apoptosis. Interestingly, we observed that c-Mpl-del exhibits preferential utilization of phosphorylated c-Mpl-del C-terminus Y607 and biased activation of PI3K/AKT pathway, which culminated in upregulation of GATA1 and downregulation of DDIT3-related apoptotic responses conducive to AMKL chemoresistance and proliferation. Thus, this study elucidates the critical roles of c-Mpl alternative splicing in AMKL progression and drug resistance, which may have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications for leukemia accelerated by c-Mpl-del overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyan Xiong
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mo Yang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiling Chen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingkai Zhang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XInstitute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miao Xu
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yiming Wang
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zuyong He
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Huang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Blood Transfusion, Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Blood Transfusion, Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Sun
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xunsha Sun
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XNational Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyao Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxin Ou
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Xu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Huang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yange Cao
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Ruby Xu
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Danielle Karakas
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - June Li
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Canada
| | - Heyu Ni
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Qing Zhang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XInstitute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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7
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Zhang A, Liu L, Zong S, Chen X, Liu C, Chang L, Chen X, Yang W, Guo Y, Zhang L, Zou Y, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Ruan M, Zhu X. Pediatric non–Down’s syndrome acute megakaryoblastic leukemia patients in China: A single center's real-world analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:940725. [PMID: 36267971 PMCID: PMC9577933 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.940725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Down’s syndrome acute megakaryocytic leukemia (non-DS-AMKL) is a subtype of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML), whose prognosis, prognostic factors and treatment recommendations have not yet to be defined in children. We conducted a retrospective study with 65 newly diagnosed non-DS-AMKL children from August 2003 to June 2020 to investigate the clinical impact of factors and clinical outcome. Among all 65 patients, 47 of them were treated at our center who received three different regimens due to time point of admission (CAMS-another, CAMS-2009 and CAMS-2016 protocol), and the efficacy were compared. Patients with newly diagnosed non-DS-AMKL accounted for 7.4% of pediatric AML cases. The median age of the patients was 18 months at diagnosis, and over 90% of them were under three-years-old. The overall survival (OS) rates were 33.3% ± 1.7%, 66.7% ± 24.4% and 74.2% ± 4.0% for three groups (CAMS-another, CAMS-2009 and CAMS-2016 regimen), respectively. In CAMS-2016 group, the complete remission (CR) rate after induction was 67.7% (21/31), while the total CR rate after all phases of chemotherapy was 80.6% (25/31). The 2-year survival probability did not significantly improve in patients underwent HSCT when compared with non-HSCT group (75.0% ± 4.7% vs. 73.9% ± 4.6%, p=0.680). Those who had a “dry tap” during BM aspiration at admission had significantly worse OS than those without “dry tap” (33.3% ± 8.6% vs. 84.0% ± 3.6%, p=0.006). Moreover, the results also revealed that patients with CD34+ had significantly lower OS (50.0% ± 6.7% vs. 89.5% ± 3.5%, p=0.021), whereas patients with CD36+ had significantly higher OS than those who were negative (85.0% ± 4.0% vs. 54.5% ± 6.6%, p=0.048). In conclusion, intensive chemotherapy resulted in improved prognosis of non-DS-AMKL children and subclassification may base on “dry tap” and immunophenotypic. Although some progress has been made, outcomes of non-DS-AMKL children remain unsatisfactory, especially in HSCT group, when compared with other AML types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoli Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Lipeng Liu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Suyu Zong
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lixian Chang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Guo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yao Zou
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingchi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Ruan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Min Ruan, ; Xiaofan Zhu,
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Min Ruan, ; Xiaofan Zhu,
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8
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Li J, Kalev-Zylinska ML. Advances in molecular characterization of myeloid proliferations associated with Down syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:891214. [PMID: 36035173 PMCID: PMC9399805 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.891214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome (ML-DS) has a unique molecular landscape that differs from other subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia. ML-DS is often preceded by a myeloproliferative neoplastic condition called transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) that disrupts megakaryocytic and erythroid differentiation. Over the last two decades, many genetic and epigenetic changes in TAM and ML-DS have been elucidated. These include overexpression of molecules and micro-RNAs located on chromosome 21, GATA1 mutations, and a range of other somatic mutations and chromosomal alterations. In this review, we summarize molecular changes reported in TAM and ML-DS and provide a comprehensive discussion of these findings. Recent advances in the development of CRISPR/Cas9-modified induced pluripotent stem cell-based disease models are also highlighted. However, despite significant progress in this area, we still do not fully understand the pathogenesis of ML-DS, and there are no targeted therapies. Initial diagnosis of ML-DS has a favorable prognosis, but refractory and relapsed disease can be difficult to treat; therapeutic options are limited in Down syndrome children by their stronger sensitivity to the toxic effects of chemotherapy. Because of the rarity of TAM and ML-DS, large-scale multi-center studies would be helpful to advance molecular characterization of these diseases at different stages of development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixia Li
- Blood and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Jixia Li, ; Maggie L. Kalev-Zylinska,
| | - Maggie L. Kalev-Zylinska
- Blood and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Haematology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Jixia Li, ; Maggie L. Kalev-Zylinska,
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9
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In vivo impact of JAK3 A573V mutation revealed using zebrafish. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:322. [PMID: 35622134 PMCID: PMC9142468 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) acts downstream of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor family to play a pivotal role in the regulation of lymphoid cell development. Activating JAK3 mutations are associated with a number of lymphoid and other malignancies, with mutations within the regulatory pseudokinase domain common. Methods The pseudokinase domain mutations A572V and A573V were separately introduced into the highly conserved zebrafish Jak3 and transiently expressed in cell lines and zebrafish embryos to examine their activity and impact on early T cells. Genome editing was subsequently used to introduce the A573V mutation into the zebrafish genome to study the effects of JAK3 activation on lymphoid cells in a physiologically relevant context throughout the life-course. Results Zebrafish Jak3 A573V produced the strongest activation of downstream STAT5 in vitro and elicited a significant increase in T cells in zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish carrying just a single copy of the Jak3 A573V allele displayed elevated embryonic T cells, which continued into adulthood. Hematopoietic precursors and NK cells were also increased, but not B cells. The lymphoproliferative effects of Jak3 A573V in embryos was shown to be dependent on zebrafish IL-2Rγc, JAK1 and STAT5B equivalents, and could be suppressed with the JAK3 inhibitor Tofacitinib. Conclusions This study demonstrates that a single JAK3 A573V allele expressed from the endogenous locus was able to enhance lymphopoiesis throughout the life-course, which was mediated via an IL-2Rγc/JAK1/JAK3/STAT5 signaling pathway and was sensitive to Tofacitinib. This extends our understanding of oncogenic JAK3 mutations and creates a novel model to underpin further translational investigations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00018-022-04361-8.
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10
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Concurrent B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Lymphoma/Leukemia and Monoclonal B Cell Lymphocytosis: A Case Report with Extensive Molecular Analysis. Case Rep Hematol 2022; 2022:1132544. [PMID: 35495178 PMCID: PMC9050327 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1132544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis (MBL) are common neoplasia, a simultaneous presentation is very unusual. Here, we present two different B cell clones, MBL and B-ALL, cocirculating in a 78-year-old African American male. Detailed molecular characterization revealed an unusual MPL (T487I) point mutation and unmutated VH4-39. After nonstandard chemotherapy, the patient remains in morphologic remission. These findings may stimulate further research to clarify the pathogenesis of hematologic neoplasms.
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11
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Sahasrabuddhe NA, Korlimarla A, Kulkarni M, Kusuma V, Prabhu JS, Dixit S, Deshmukh C, Sridhar TS, Phatak A, Koppiker C. NGS-based profiling of key cancer genes in Indian triple-negative breast cancer patients reinforces molecular heterogeneity of the disease. Indian J Cancer 2022; 58:598-602. [PMID: 34975100 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_432_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are one of the most aggressive forms of breast cancers. With poor patient outcomes, it presents a great burden on the healthcare systems. There have been some efforts to explore the genomic changes that occur in TNBCs. However, there is not enough data on Indian TNBCs. We sought to understand the mutational landscape of key cancer-associated genes in Indian TNBC patients using TruSeq Cancer Amplicon Panel. We sequenced 51 TNBC patient samples and found great heterogeneity amongst samples with respect to the genomic variants. Several previously reported including alterations in PI3K-AKT pathway genes were also identified. Likewise, we identified several novel high-frequency variants, for example, GNAQ F341S (17%), the functional role of which remains unclear. Our study lays the foundation of larger efforts needed to understand the genomic landscape of Indian TNBCs which can aid in classification and better therapeutic management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Madhura Kulkarni
- Prashanti Cancer Care Mission (PCCM); Center for Translational Cancer Research - a joint initiative of PCCM and Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vinay Kusuma
- PierianDx India Pvt. Ltd. Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Santosh Dixit
- Prashanti Cancer Care Mission (PCCM); Center for Translational Cancer Research - a joint initiative of PCCM and Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chetan Deshmukh
- Prashanti Cancer Care Mission (PCCM), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - T S Sridhar
- St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Chaitanyananda Koppiker
- Prashanti Cancer Care Mission (PCCM); Center for Translational Cancer Research - a joint initiative of PCCM and Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra, India
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12
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Guglielmelli P, Calabresi L. The MPL mutation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 365:163-178. [PMID: 34756243 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) patients share driver mutations in JAK2, MPL or CALR genes leading to the activation of the thrombopoietin receptor (TPOR) and downstream signaling pathways. JAK2 mutation drives all the three major entities of MPN (Polycythemia Vera, Essential Thrombocythemia and Primary Myelofibrosis) through the constitutive activation of TPOR, erythropoietin (EPOR) and colony stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) signaling. MPL is a proto-oncogene encoding for TPOR, the hematopoietic growth factor receptor of myeloid stem cells. MPL mutants induce the stable dimerization of TPOR that in turn activate JAK2 and the thrombopoietin pathway. The thrombopoietin pathway plays an important role in the development of megakaryocytes and platelets as well as the self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells. Little wonder therefore that mutations of MPL result in thrombocytosis, leading to an abnormal MPL trafficking or receptor activation. Finally, some extremely rare germline genetic variants in MPL can induce MPN-like hereditary disease. Against this molecular background, TPOR is a key actor in the MPN development and MPL mutations are of major relevance to fully elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the clinical manifestations of MPN and to arrange novel therapeutic strategies aiming to disrupt the dysegulated signaling cascade. This chapter will focus on the role MPL in the pathogenesis of MPN and in familial thrombocytosis and will review these different subtypes of somatic and germline genetic variants by dissecting how they impact clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Guglielmelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center for Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (CRIMM), AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center for Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (CRIMM), AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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13
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de Castro CPM, Cadefau M, Cuartero S. The Mutational Landscape of Myeloid Leukaemia in Down Syndrome. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4144. [PMID: 34439298 PMCID: PMC8394284 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are particularly prone to haematopoietic disorders. Paediatric myeloid malignancies in DS occur at an unusually high frequency and generally follow a well-defined stepwise clinical evolution. First, the acquisition of mutations in the GATA1 transcription factor gives rise to a transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) in DS newborns. While this condition spontaneously resolves in most cases, some clones can acquire additional mutations, which trigger myeloid leukaemia of Down syndrome (ML-DS). These secondary mutations are predominantly found in chromatin and epigenetic regulators-such as cohesin, CTCF or EZH2-and in signalling mediators of the JAK/STAT and RAS pathways. Most of them are also found in non-DS myeloid malignancies, albeit at extremely different frequencies. Intriguingly, mutations in proteins involved in the three-dimensional organization of the genome are found in nearly 50% of cases. How the resulting mutant proteins cooperate with trisomy 21 and mutant GATA1 to promote ML-DS is not fully understood. In this review, we summarize and discuss current knowledge about the sequential acquisition of genomic alterations in ML-DS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Cadefau
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (C.P.M.d.C); (M.C.)
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Sergi Cuartero
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (C.P.M.d.C); (M.C.)
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain
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14
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Hitchcock IS, Hafer M, Sangkhae V, Tucker JA. The thrombopoietin receptor: revisiting the master regulator of platelet production. Platelets 2021; 32:770-778. [PMID: 34097561 PMCID: PMC8292222 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1925102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thrombopoietin (TPO) and its receptor, MPL, are the primary regulators of platelet production and critical for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance. Since TPO was first cloned in 1994, the physiological and pathological roles of TPO and MPL have been well characterized, culminating in the first MPL agonists being approved for the treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia in 2008. Dysregulation of the TPO-MPL signaling axis contributes to the pathogenesis of hematological disorders: decreased expression or function results in severe thrombocytopenia progressing to bone marrow failure, while hyperactivation of MPL signaling, either by mutations in the receptor or associated Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), results in pathological myeloproliferation. Despite its importance, it was only recently that the long-running debate over the mechanism by which TPO binding activates MPL has been resolved. This review will cover key aspects of TPO and MPL structure and function and their importance in receptor activation, discuss how these are altered in hematological disorders and consider how a greater understanding could lead to the development of better-targeted and more efficacious therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S. Hitchcock
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Maximillian Hafer
- Department of Biology and Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Veena Sangkhae
- Center for Iron Disorders, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Julie A. Tucker
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
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15
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Untwining Anti-Tumor and Immunosuppressive Effects of JAK Inhibitors-A Strategy for Hematological Malignancies? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112611. [PMID: 34073410 PMCID: PMC8197909 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway is aberrantly activated in many malignancies. Inhibition of this pathway via JAK inhibitors (JAKinibs) is therefore an attractive therapeutic strategy underlined by Ruxolitinib (JAK1/2 inhibitor) being approved for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms. As a consequence of the crucial role of the JAK-STAT pathway in the regulation of immune responses, inhibition of JAKs suppresses the immune system. This review article provides a thorough overview of the current knowledge on JAKinibs’ effects on immune cells in the context of hematological malignancies. We also discuss the potential use of JAKinibs for the treatment of diseases in which lymphocytes are the source of the malignancy. Abstract The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway propagates signals from a variety of cytokines, contributing to cellular responses in health and disease. Gain of function mutations in JAKs or STATs are associated with malignancies, with JAK2V617F being the main driver mutation in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Therefore, inhibition of this pathway is an attractive therapeutic strategy for different types of cancer. Numerous JAK inhibitors (JAKinibs) have entered clinical trials, including the JAK1/2 inhibitor Ruxolitinib approved for the treatment of MPN. Importantly, loss of function mutations in JAK-STAT members are a cause of immune suppression or deficiencies. MPN patients undergoing Ruxolitinib treatment are more susceptible to infections and secondary malignancies. This highlights the suppressive effects of JAKinibs on immune responses, which renders them successful in the treatment of autoimmune diseases but potentially detrimental for cancer patients. Here, we review the current knowledge on the effects of JAKinibs on immune cells in the context of hematological malignancies. Furthermore, we discuss the potential use of JAKinibs for the treatment of diseases in which lymphocytes are the source of malignancies. In summary, this review underlines the necessity of a robust immune profiling to provide the best benefit for JAKinib-treated patients.
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Stockklausner C, Duffert CM, Cario H, Knöfler R, Streif W, Kulozik AE. Thrombocytosis in children and adolescents-classification, diagnostic approach, and clinical management. Ann Hematol 2021; 100:1647-1665. [PMID: 33712866 PMCID: PMC8195939 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-021-04485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Secondary thrombocytosis is a frequent secondary finding in childhood infection and inflammation. Primary hereditary thrombocytosis may be caused by germline mutations within the genes encoding key regulators of thrombopoiesis, i.e., thrombopoietin (THPO) and its receptor c-MPL (MPL) or the receptor's effector kinase Januskinase2 (JAK2). Furthermore, somatic mutations in JAK2, MPL, and in the gene-encoding calreticulin (CALR) have been described to act as driver mutations within the so-called Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), namely essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Increasing knowledge on the molecular mechanisms and on the clinical complications of these diseases is reflected by the WHO diagnostic criteria and European LeukemiaNet (ELN) recommendations on the management of adult MPN. However, data on childhood thrombocytosis are rare, and no consensus guidelines for pediatric thrombocytosis exist. Current literature has highlighted differences in the epidemiology and molecular pathogenesis of childhood thrombocytosis as compared to adults. Furthermore, age-dependent complications and pharmacological specificities suggest that recommendations tailored to the pediatric population are necessary in clinical practice. Here we summarize literature on classification, diagnostics, and clinical management of childhood thrombocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Stockklausner
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology and Hopp Children's Cancer Research Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Pediatrics, Garmisch-Partenkirchen Hospital, Auenstraße 6, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
| | - C M Duffert
- Department of Pediatrics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Cario
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - R Knöfler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of Technical University, Dresden, Germany
| | - W Streif
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
| | - A E Kulozik
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology and Hopp Children's Cancer Research Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Grimm J, Heckl D, Klusmann JH. Molecular Mechanisms of the Genetic Predisposition to Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia in Infants With Down Syndrome. Front Oncol 2021; 11:636633. [PMID: 33777792 PMCID: PMC7992977 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.636633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome are genetically predisposed to developing acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. This myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome (ML–DS) demonstrates a model of step-wise leukemogenesis with perturbed hematopoiesis already presenting in utero, facilitating the acquisition of additional driver mutations such as truncating GATA1 variants, which are pathognomonic to the disease. Consequently, the affected individuals suffer from a transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM)—a pre-leukemic state preceding the progression to ML–DS. In our review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of the different steps of clonal evolution in Down syndrome leukemogenesis, and aim to provide a comprehensive view on the complex interplay between gene dosage imbalances, GATA1 mutations and somatic mutations affecting JAK-STAT signaling, the cohesin complex and epigenetic regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Grimm
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dirk Heckl
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jan-Henning Klusmann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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18
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Favoino E, Prete M, Catacchio G, Ruscitti P, Navarini L, Giacomelli R, Perosa F. Working and safety profiles of JAK/STAT signaling inhibitors. Are these small molecules also smart? Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102750. [PMID: 33482338 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway is an important intracellular route through which many different extracellular soluble molecules, by reaching membrane receptors, can signal the nucleus. The spectrum of soluble molecules that use the JAK/STAT pathway through their corresponding receptors is quite large (almost 50 different molecules), and includes some cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of many immune-mediated diseases. Such diseases, when left untreated, present an evident hyperactivation of JAK/STAT signaling. Therefore, given the pathogenetic role of JAK/STAT, drugs known as JAK inhibitors (JAKi), that target one or more JAKs, have been developed to counteract JAK/STAT signal hyperactivation. As some hematological malignancies present an intrinsic JAK/STAT hyperactivation due to a JAK mutation, some JAKi have also been successfully used in this context. Regulatory agencies for drug administration in different countries have already approved a few JAKi in the setting of either immune-mediated diseases or hematological malignancies. Aim of this review is to describe the physiology of intracellular JAK/STAT pathway signaling and the pathological conditions associated to its dysregulation. Then, the rationale for targeting JAK in rheumatic autoimmune diseases is discussed, along with clinical data from registration studies showing the efficacy of these drugs. Finally, the excellent safety profile of JAKi is discussed in the context of the apparent poor specificity of JAK/STAT pathway signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Favoino
- Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Medical School, Italy
| | - Marcella Prete
- Internal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Medical School, Italy
| | - Giacomo Catacchio
- Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Medical School, Italy
| | - Piero Ruscitti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Luca Navarini
- Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome 'Campus Biomedico', Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome 'Campus Biomedico', Italy
| | - Federico Perosa
- Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Medical School, Italy.
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19
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Rummelt C, Gorantla SP, Meggendorfer M, Charlet A, Endres C, Döhner K, Heidel FH, Fischer T, Haferlach T, Duyster J, von Bubnoff N. Activating JAK-mutations confer resistance to FLT3 kinase inhibitors in FLT3-ITD positive AML in vitro and in vivo. Leukemia 2020; 35:2017-2029. [PMID: 33149267 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An important limitation of FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in FLT3-ITD positive AML is the development of resistance. To better understand resistance to FLT3 inhibition, we examined FLT3-ITD positive cell lines which had acquired resistance to midostaurin or sorafenib. In 6 out of 23 TKI resistant cell lines we were able to detect a JAK1 V658F mutation, a mutation that led to reactivation of the CSF2RB-STAT5 pathway. Knockdown of JAK1, or treatment with a JAK inhibitor, resensitized cells to FLT3 inhibition. Out of 136 patients with FLT3-ITD mutated AML and exposed to FLT3 inhibitor, we found seven different JAK family mutations in six of the cases (4.4%), including five bona fide, activating mutations. Except for one patient, the JAK mutations occurred de novo (n = 4) or displayed increasing variant allele frequency after exposure to FLT3 TKI (n = 1). In vitro each of the five activating variants were found to induce resistance to FLT3-ITD inhibition, which was then overcome by dual FLT3/JAK inhibition. In conclusion, our data characterize a novel mechanism of resistance to FLT3-ITD inhibition and may offer a potential therapy, using dual JAK and FLT3 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Rummelt
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sivahari P Gorantla
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Anne Charlet
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Endres
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian H Heidel
- Innere Medizin 2, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany.,Innere Medizin C, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany. .,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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20
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Avenarius MR, Miller CR, Arnold MA, Koo S, Roberts R, Hobby M, Grossman T, Moyer Y, Wilson RK, Mardis ER, Gastier-Foster JM, Pfau RB. Genetic Characterization of Pediatric Sarcomas by Targeted RNA Sequencing. J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:1238-1245. [PMID: 32745614 PMCID: PMC7538815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic variants, primarily fusion genes and single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) or insertions/deletions (indels), are prevalent among sarcomas. In many cases, accurate diagnosis of these tumors incorporates genetic findings that may also carry prognostic or therapeutic significance. Using the anchored multiplex PCR-based FusionPlex system, a custom RNA sequencing panel was developed that simultaneously detects fusion genes, SNVs, and indels in 112 genes found to be recurrently mutated in solid tumors. Using this assay, a retrospective analysis was conducted to identify somatic variants that may have assisted with classifying a cohort of 90 previously uncharacterized primarily pediatric sarcoma specimens. In total, somatic variants were identified in 45.5% (41/90) of the samples tested, including 22 cases with fusion genes and 19 cases with SNVs or indels. In addition, two of these findings represent novel alterations: a WHSC1L1/NCOA2 fusion and a novel in-frame deletion in the NRAS gene (NM_002524: c.174_176delAGC p.Ala59del). These sequencing results, taken in context with the available clinical data, indicate a potential change in the initial diagnosis, prognosis, or management in 27 of the 90 cases. This study presents a custom RNA sequencing assay that detects fusion genes and SNVs in tandem and has the ability to identify novel fusion partners. These features highlight the advantages associated with utilizing anchored multiplex PCR technology for the rapid and highly sensitive detection of somatic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Avenarius
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Cecelia R Miller
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael A Arnold
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pathology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Selene Koo
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pathology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ryan Roberts
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Martin Hobby
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thomas Grossman
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yvonne Moyer
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Richard K Wilson
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Julie M Gastier-Foster
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ruthann B Pfau
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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21
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Novel drivers and modifiers of MPL-dependent oncogenic transformation identified by deep mutational scanning. Blood 2020; 135:287-292. [PMID: 31697803 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019002561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The single transmembrane domain (TMD) of the human thrombopoietin receptor (TpoR/myeloproliferative leukemia [MPL] protein), encoded by exon 10 of the MPL gene, is a hotspot for somatic mutations associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Approximately 6% and 14% of JAK2 V617F- essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis patients, respectively, have "canonical" MPL exon 10 driver mutations W515L/K/R/A or S505N, which generate constitutively active receptors and consequent loss of Tpo dependence. Other "noncanonical" MPL exon 10 mutations have also been identified in patients, both alone and in combination with canonical mutations, but, in almost all cases, their functional consequences and relevance to disease are unknown. Here, we used a deep mutational scanning approach to evaluate all possible single amino acid substitutions in the human TpoR TMD for their ability to confer cytokine-independent growth in Ba/F3 cells. We identified all currently recognized driver mutations and 7 novel mutations that cause constitutive TpoR activation, and a much larger number of second-site mutations that enhance S505N-driven activation. We found examples of both of these categories in published and previously unpublished MPL exon 10 sequencing data from MPN patients, demonstrating that some, if not all, of the new mutations reported here represent likely drivers or modifiers of myeloproliferative disease.
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22
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Abstract
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a rare malignancy affecting megakaryocytes, platelet-producing cells that reside in the bone marrow. Children with Down syndrome (DS) are particularly prone to developing the disease and have a different age of onset, distinct genetic mutations, and better prognosis as compared with individuals without DS who develop the disease. Here, we discuss the contributions of chromosome 21 genes and other genetic mutations to AMKL, the clinical features of the disease, and the differing features of DS- and non-DS-AMKL. Further studies elucidating the role of chromosome 21 genes in this disease may aid our understanding of how they function in other types of leukemia, in which they are frequently mutated or differentially expressed. Although researchers have made many insights into understanding AMKL, much more remains to be learned about its underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen McNulty
- Northwestern University, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - John D Crispino
- Northwestern University, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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23
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Wang B, Mehta H. Cytokine receptor splice variants in hematologic diseases. Cytokine 2019; 127:154919. [PMID: 31816579 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine and cytokine receptors are important regulators of hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitors differentiate into the myeloid or lymphoid lineage in response to specific cytokines. Cell-type specific receptors are expressed on committed progenitors that bind to other late-acting cytokines that are involved in terminal differentiation of hematopoietic cells. In normal hematopoiesis, these receptors undergo alternative splicing and are developmentally regulated. Splicing changes can significantly affect the structure and function of the receptors resulting in alterations of either the extracellular ligand binding domain or the cytoplasmic signaling domain responsible for cellular growth and differentiation. Most alternatively spliced isoforms generally lose the ability to promote differentiation. Evidently, overexpression of naturally occurring cytokine receptor alternate isoforms are observed in multiple myeloid diseases such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and polycythemia vera (PV). The purpose of this review is to introduce the various isoforms of key cytokine receptors that play a crucial role in myeloid development and their potential role in myeloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borwyn Wang
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Hrishikesh Mehta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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24
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Labuhn M, Perkins K, Matzk S, Varghese L, Garnett C, Papaemmanuil E, Metzner M, Kennedy A, Amstislavskiy V, Risch T, Bhayadia R, Samulowski D, Hernandez DC, Stoilova B, Iotchkova V, Oppermann U, Scheer C, Yoshida K, Schwarzer A, Taub JW, Crispino JD, Weiss MJ, Hayashi Y, Taga T, Ito E, Ogawa S, Reinhardt D, Yaspo ML, Campbell PJ, Roberts I, Constantinescu SN, Vyas P, Heckl D, Klusmann JH. Mechanisms of Progression of Myeloid Preleukemia to Transformed Myeloid Leukemia in Children with Down Syndrome. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:123-138.e10. [PMID: 31303423 PMCID: PMC6863161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome (ML-DS) clonally evolves from transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM), a preleukemic condition in DS newborns. To define mechanisms of leukemic transformation, we combined exome and targeted resequencing of 111 TAM and 141 ML-DS samples with functional analyses. TAM requires trisomy 21 and truncating mutations in GATA1; additional TAM variants are usually not pathogenic. By contrast, in ML-DS, clonal and subclonal variants are functionally required. We identified a recurrent and oncogenic hotspot gain-of-function mutation in myeloid cytokine receptor CSF2RB. By a multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 screen in an in vivo murine TAM model, we tested loss-of-function of 22 recurrently mutated ML-DS genes. Loss of 18 different genes produced leukemias that phenotypically, genetically, and transcriptionally mirrored ML-DS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
- Cytokine Receptor Common beta Subunit/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Down Syndrome/diagnosis
- Down Syndrome/genetics
- GATA1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- GATA1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Leukemoid Reaction/diagnosis
- Leukemoid Reaction/genetics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Phenotype
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Labuhn
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kelly Perkins
- MRC MHU, BRC Hematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Centre for Haematology, WIMM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sören Matzk
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leila Varghese
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels Branch, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Garnett
- MRC MHU, BRC Hematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Centre for Haematology, WIMM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Elli Papaemmanuil
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Cancer Biology, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marlen Metzner
- MRC MHU, BRC Hematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Centre for Haematology, WIMM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alison Kennedy
- MRC MHU, BRC Hematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Centre for Haematology, WIMM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | - Thomas Risch
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Raj Bhayadia
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - David Samulowski
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - David Cruz Hernandez
- MRC MHU, BRC Hematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Centre for Haematology, WIMM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Bilyana Stoilova
- MRC MHU, BRC Hematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Centre for Haematology, WIMM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Valentina Iotchkova
- MRC MHU, BRC Hematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Centre for Haematology, WIMM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, Oxford NIHR BRC and Structural Genomics Consortium, UK University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Carina Scheer
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8315 Japan
| | - Adrian Schwarzer
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeffrey W Taub
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - John D Crispino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mitchell J Weiss
- Hematology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yasuhide Hayashi
- Institute of Physiology and Medicine, Jobu University, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Taga
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8315 Japan; Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | | | - Peter J Campbell
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Irene Roberts
- MRC MHU, BRC Hematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Centre for Haematology, WIMM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | | | - Paresh Vyas
- MRC MHU, BRC Hematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Centre for Haematology, WIMM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
| | - Dirk Heckl
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Jan-Henning Klusmann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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25
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Floss DM, Scheller J. Naturally occurring and synthetic constitutive-active cytokine receptors in disease and therapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 47:1-20. [PMID: 31147158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines control immune related events and are critically involved in a plethora of patho-physiological processes including autoimmunity and cancer development. Mutations which cause ligand-independent, constitutive activation of cytokine receptors are quite frequently found in diseases. Many constitutive-active cytokine receptor variants have been directly connected to disease development and mechanistically analyzed. Nature's solutions to generate constitutive cytokine receptors has been recently adopted by synthetic cytokine receptor biology, with the goal to optimize immune therapeutics. Here, CAR T cell immmunotherapy represents the first example to combine synthetic biology with genetic engineering during therapy. Hence, constitutive-active cytokine receptors are therapeutic targets, but also emerging tools to improve or modulate immunotherapeutic strategies. This review gives a comprehensive insight into the field of naturally occurring and synthetic constitutive-active cytokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen M Floss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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26
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Roos-Weil D, Decaudin C, Armand M, Della-Valle V, Diop MK, Ghamlouch H, Ropars V, Hérate C, Lara D, Durot E, Haddad R, Mylonas E, Damm F, Pflumio F, Stoilova B, Metzner M, Elemento O, Dessen P, Camara-Clayette V, Cosset FL, Verhoeyen E, Leblond V, Ribrag V, Cornillet-Lefebvre P, Rameau P, Azar N, Charlotte F, Morel P, Charbonnier JB, Vyas P, Mercher T, Aoufouchi S, Droin N, Guillouf C, Nguyen-Khac F, Bernard OA. A Recurrent Activating Missense Mutation in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Affects the DNA Binding of the ETS Transcription Factor SPI1 and Enhances Proliferation. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:796-811. [PMID: 31018969 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ETS-domain transcription factors divide into subfamilies based on protein similarities, DNA-binding sequences, and interaction with cofactors. They are regulated by extracellular clues and contribute to cellular processes, including proliferation and transformation. ETS genes are targeted through genomic rearrangements in oncogenesis. The PU.1/SPI1 gene is inactivated by point mutations in human myeloid malignancies. We identified a recurrent somatic mutation (Q226E) in PU.1/SPI1 in Waldenström macroglobulinemia, a B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. It affects the DNA-binding affinity of the protein and allows the mutant protein to more frequently bind and activate promoter regions with respect to wild-type protein. Mutant SPI1 binding at promoters activates gene sets typically promoted by other ETS factors, resulting in enhanced proliferation and decreased terminal B-cell differentiation in model cell lines and primary samples. In summary, we describe oncogenic subversion of transcription factor function through subtle alteration of DNA binding leading to cellular proliferation and differentiation arrest. SIGNIFICANCE: The demonstration that a somatic point mutation tips the balance of genome-binding pattern provides a mechanistic paradigm for how missense mutations in transcription factor genes may be oncogenic in human tumors.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 681.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Roos-Weil
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Camille Decaudin
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Marine Armand
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Della-Valle
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - M'boyba K Diop
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,AMMICa, INSERM US23/CNRS UMS3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Hussein Ghamlouch
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Ropars
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Institute Joliot, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Cécile Hérate
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Diane Lara
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Eric Durot
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Rima Haddad
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) DSV-IRCM-SCSR-LSHL, Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Elena Mylonas
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederik Damm
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francoise Pflumio
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) DSV-IRCM-SCSR-LSHL, Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Bilyana Stoilova
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and Department of Haematology, Oxford University and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Marlen Metzner
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and Department of Haematology, Oxford University and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Philippe Dessen
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,AMMICa, INSERM US23/CNRS UMS3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Valérie Camara-Clayette
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,AMMICa, INSERM US23/CNRS UMS3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - François-Loïc Cosset
- CIRI-InternationalCenter for Infectiology Research, Team EVIR, Université de Lyon; INSERM, U1111; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- CIRI-InternationalCenter for Infectiology Research, Team EVIR, Université de Lyon; INSERM, U1111; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France
| | | | - Vincent Ribrag
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,DITEP Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cornillet-Lefebvre
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, Pôle de biologie, CHU de Reims-Hôpital Robert Debré, Avenuedu Général Koenig, Reims, France
| | - Philippe Rameau
- AMMICa, INSERM US23/CNRS UMS3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Nabih Azar
- Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | - Pierre Morel
- Centre Hospitalier Dr. Schaffner,Lens; Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens cedex, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Charbonnier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Institute Joliot, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Paresh Vyas
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and Department of Haematology, Oxford University and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Mercher
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Said Aoufouchi
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8200, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Droin
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,AMMICa, INSERM US23/CNRS UMS3655, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Christel Guillouf
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Florence Nguyen-Khac
- Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Olivier A Bernard
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. .,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
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27
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De Marchi F, Araki M, Komatsu N. Molecular features, prognosis, and novel treatment options for pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Expert Rev Hematol 2019; 12:285-293. [PMID: 30991862 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2019.1609351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMegL) is a rare hematological neoplasm most often diagnosed in children and is commonly associated with Down's syndrome (DS). Although AMegLs are specifically characterized and typically diagnosed by megakaryoblastic expansion, recent advancements in molecular analysis have highlighted the heterogeneity of this disease, with specific cytogenic and genetic alterations characterizing different disease subtypes. Areas covered: This review will focus on describing recurrent molecular variations in both DS and non-DS pediatric AMegL, their role in promoting leukemogenesis, their association with different clinical aspects and prognosis, and finally, their influence on future treatment strategies with a number of specific drugs beyond conventional chemotherapy already under development. Expert opinion: Deep understanding of the genetic and molecular landscape of AMegL will lead to better and more precise disease classification in terms of diagnosis, prognosis, and possible targeted therapies. Development of new therapeutic approaches based on these molecular characteristics will hopefully improve AMegL patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico De Marchi
- a Department of Hematology , Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Marito Araki
- b Department of Transfusion Medicine and Stem Cell Regulation , Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Norio Komatsu
- a Department of Hematology , Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
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Partial trisomy 21 contributes to T-cell malignancies induced by JAK3-activating mutations in murine models. Blood Adv 2019; 2:1616-1627. [PMID: 29986854 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018016089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
JAK3-activating mutations are commonly seen in chronic or acute hematologic malignancies affecting the myeloid, megakaryocytic, lymphoid, and natural killer (NK) cell compartment. Overexpression models of mutant JAK3 or pharmacologic inhibition of its kinase activity have highlighted the role that these constitutively activated mutants play in the T-cell, NK cell, and megakaryocytic lineages, but to date, the functional impact of JAK3 mutations at an endogenous level remains unknown. Here, we report a JAK3A572V knockin mouse model and demonstrate that activated JAK3 leads to a progressive and dose-dependent expansion of CD8+ T cells in the periphery before colonization of the bone marrow. This phenotype is dependent on the γc chain of cytokine receptors and presents several features of the human leukemic form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (L-CTCL), including skin involvements. We also showed that the JAK3A572V-positive malignant cells are transplantable and phenotypically heterogeneous in bone marrow transplantation assays. Interestingly, we revealed that activated JAK3 functionally cooperates with partial trisomy 21 in vivo to enhance the L-CTCL phenotype, ultimately leading to a lethal and fully penetrant disorder. Finally, we assessed the efficacy of JAK3 inhibition and showed that CTCL JAK3A572V-positive T cells are sensitive to tofacitinib, which provides additional preclinical insights into the use of JAK3 inhibitors in these disorders. Altogether, this JAK3A572V knockin model is a relevant new tool for testing the efficacy of JAK inhibitors in JAK3-related hematopoietic malignancies.
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29
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Elsayed AG, Ranavaya A, Jamil MO. MPL Y252H an Md PL F126fs mutations in essential thrombocythemia: Case series and review of literature. Hematol Rep 2019; 11:7868. [PMID: 30996850 PMCID: PMC6434327 DOI: 10.4081/hr.2019.7868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a clonal bone marrow disease, characterized by increased production of platelets along with other clinical and bone marrow findings. Most patients with ET will have a somatic mutation in one of the known gene locations of JAK2, CALR, or MPL that can upregulate the JAK-STAT pathway. MPL mutation is present in 5% of cases with the most common mutations being W515L and W515K. In this report we describe 2 cases of patients with clinical and laboratory picture of ET. One patient carried MPLY252H mutation which is previously unreported in the adult population but has been shown to be a gain-of-function mutation. The other patient carried MPL F126fs mutation which is not known to be of clinical importance and has not been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G Elsayed
- Hematology Oncology Department, Promedica/University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
| | - Aeesha Ranavaya
- Hematology/Oncology Department, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, WV, USA
| | - Muhammad Omer Jamil
- Hematology/Oncology Department, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, WV, USA
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30
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Raivola J, Hammarén HM, Virtanen AT, Bulleeraz V, Ward AC, Silvennoinen O. Hyperactivation of Oncogenic JAK3 Mutants Depend on ATP Binding to the Pseudokinase Domain. Front Oncol 2018; 8:560. [PMID: 30560087 PMCID: PMC6287396 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) tyrosine kinase has a central role in the control of lymphopoiesis, and mutations in JAK3 can lead to either severe combined immunodeficiency or leukemia and lymphomas. JAK3 associates with the common gamma chain (γc) receptor and functions in a heteromeric signaling pair with JAK1. In IL-2 signaling JAK1 is the effector kinase for STAT5 phosphorylation but the precise molecular regulatory mechanisms of JAK1 and JAK3 and their individual domains are not known. The pseudokinase domain (JAK homology 2, JH2) of JAK3 is of particular interest as approximately half of clinical JAK3 mutations cluster into it. In this study, we investigated the role of JH2s of JAK1 and JAK3 in IL-2R signaling and show that STAT5 activation requires both JH1 and JH2 of JAK1, while both JH1 and JH2 in JAK3 are specifically required for the cytokine-induction of cellular signaling. Characterization of recombinant JAK3 JH2 in thermal shift assay shows an unstable protein domain, which is strongly stabilized by ATP binding. Unexpectedly, nucleotide binding to JAK3 JH2 was found to be cation-independent. JAK3 JH2 showed higher nucleotide binding affinity in MANT-ATP and fluorescent polarization competition assays compared to the other JAK JH2s. Analysis of the functional role of ATP binding in JAK3 JH2 in cells and in zebrafish showed that disruption of ATP binding suppresses ligand-independent activation of clinical JAK3 gain-of-function mutations residing in either JH2 or JH1 but does not inhibit constitutive activation of oncogenic JAK1. ATP-binding site mutations in JAK3 JH2 do not, however, abrogate normal IL-2 signaling making them distinct from JH2 deletion or kinase-deficient JAK3. These findings underline the importance of JAK3 JH2 for cellular signaling in both ligand-dependent and in gain-of-function mutation-induced activation. Furthermore, they identify the JH2 ATP-binding site as a key regulatory region for oncogenic JAK3 signaling, and thus a potential target for therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juuli Raivola
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Henrik M Hammarén
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anniina T Virtanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vilasha Bulleeraz
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Olli Silvennoinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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31
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Oncogenic activation of the STAT3 pathway drives PD-L1 expression in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Blood 2018; 132:1146-1158. [PMID: 30054295 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-01-829424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature T-cell lymphomas, including peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL), represent a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas with dismal outcomes and limited treatment options. To determine the extent of involvement of the JAK/STAT pathway in this malignancy, we performed targeted capture sequencing of 188 genes in this pathway in 171 PTCL and NKTL cases. A total of 272 nonsynonymous somatic mutations in 101 genes were identified in 73% of the samples, including 258 single-nucleotide variants and 14 insertions or deletions. Recurrent mutations were most frequently located in STAT3 and TP53 (15%), followed by JAK3 and JAK1 (6%) and SOCS1 (4%). A high prevalence of STAT3 mutation (21%) was observed specifically in NKTL. Novel STAT3 mutations (p.D427H, E616G, p.E616K, and p.E696K) were shown to increase STAT3 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of STAT3 in the absence of cytokine, in which p.E616K induced programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression by robust binding of activated STAT3 to the PD-L1 gene promoter. Consistent with these findings, PD-L1 was overexpressed in NKTL cell lines harboring hotspot STAT3 mutations, and similar findings were observed by the overexpression of p.E616K and p.E616G in the STAT3 wild-type NKTL cell line. Conversely, STAT3 silencing and inhibition decreased PD-L1 expression in STAT3 mutant NKTL cell lines. In NKTL tumors, STAT3 activation correlated significantly with PD-L1 expression. We demonstrated that STAT3 activation confers high PD-L1 expression, which may promote tumor immune evasion. The combination of PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies and STAT3 inhibitors might be a promising therapeutic approach for NKTL, and possibly PTCL.
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32
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Combined HAT/EZH2 modulation leads to cancer-selective cell death. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25630-25646. [PMID: 29876013 PMCID: PMC5986654 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations have been associated with both pathogenesis and progression of cancer. By screening of library compounds, we identified a novel hybrid epi-drug MC2884, a HAT/EZH2 inhibitor, able to induce bona fide cancer-selective cell death in both solid and hematological cancers in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo xenograft models. Anticancer action was due to an epigenome modulation by H3K27me3, H3K27ac, H3K9/14ac decrease, and to caspase-dependent apoptosis induction. MC2884 triggered mitochondrial pathway apoptosis by up-regulation of cleaved-BID, and strong down-regulation of BCL2. Even aggressive models of cancer, such as p53-/- or TET2-/- cells, responded to MC2884, suggesting MC2884 therapeutic potential also for the therapy of TP53 or TET2-deficient human cancers. MC2884 induced massive apoptosis in ex vivo human primary leukemia blasts with poor prognosis in vivo, by targeting BCL2 expression. MC2884-treatment reduced acetylation of the BCL2 promoter at higher level than combined p300 and EZH2 inhibition. This suggests a key role for BCL-2 reduction in potentiating responsiveness, also in combination therapy with BCL2 inhibitors. Finally, we identified both the mechanism of MC2884 action as well as a potential therapeutic scheme of its use. Altogether, this provides proof of concept for the use of epi-drugs coupled with epigenome analyses to 'personalize' precision medicine.
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33
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Vainchenker W, Leroy E, Gilles L, Marty C, Plo I, Constantinescu SN. JAK inhibitors for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms and other disorders. F1000Res 2018; 7:82. [PMID: 29399328 PMCID: PMC5773931 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.13167.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
JAK inhibitors have been developed following the discovery of the
JAK2V617F in 2005 as the driver mutation of the majority of non-
BCR-ABL1 myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Subsequently, the search for JAK2 inhibitors continued with the discovery that the other driver mutations (
CALR and
MPL) also exhibited persistent JAK2 activation. Several type I ATP-competitive JAK inhibitors with different specificities were assessed in clinical trials and exhibited minimal hematologic toxicity. Interestingly, these JAK inhibitors display potent anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, JAK inhibitors targeting preferentially JAK1 and JAK3 have been developed to treat inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and graft-versus-host disease. Ten years after the beginning of clinical trials, only two drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration: one JAK2/JAK1 inhibitor (ruxolitinib) in intermediate-2 and high-risk myelofibrosis and hydroxyurea-resistant or -intolerant polycythemia vera and one JAK1/JAK3 inhibitor (tofacitinib) in methotrexate-resistant rheumatoid arthritis. The non-approved compounds exhibited many off-target effects leading to neurological and gastrointestinal toxicities, as seen in clinical trials for MPNs. Ruxolitinib is a well-tolerated drug with mostly anti-inflammatory properties. Despite a weak effect on the cause of the disease itself in MPNs, it improves the clinical state of patients and increases survival in myelofibrosis. This limited effect is related to the fact that ruxolitinib, like the other type I JAK2 inhibitors, inhibits equally mutated and wild-type JAK2 (JAK2WT) and also the JAK2 oncogenic activation. Thus, other approaches need to be developed and could be based on either (1) the development of new inhibitors specifically targeting
JAK2V617F or (2) the combination of the actual JAK2 inhibitors with other therapies, in particular with molecules targeting pathways downstream of JAK2 activation or the stability of JAK2 molecule. In contrast, the strong anti-inflammatory effects of the JAK inhibitors appear as a very promising therapeutic approach for many inflammatory and auto-immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Vainchenker
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, UMR1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Emilie Leroy
- Signal Transduction & Molecular Hematology Unit, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium.,de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure Gilles
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Marty
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, UMR1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Plo
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, UMR1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Stefan N Constantinescu
- Signal Transduction & Molecular Hematology Unit, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium.,de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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34
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Allaway RJ, Fischer DA, de Abreu FB, Gardner TB, Gordon SR, Barth RJ, Colacchio TA, Wood M, Kacsoh BZ, Bouley SJ, Cui J, Hamilton J, Choi JA, Lange JT, Peterson JD, Padmanabhan V, Tomlinson CR, Tsongalis GJ, Suriawinata AA, Greene CS, Sanchez Y, Smith KD. Genomic characterization of patient-derived xenograft models established from fine needle aspirate biopsies of a primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and from patient-matched metastatic sites. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17087-102. [PMID: 26934555 PMCID: PMC4941373 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-of-1 trials target actionable mutations, yet such approaches do not test genomically-informed therapies in patient tumor models prior to patient treatment. To address this, we developed patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models from fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies (FNA-PDX) obtained from primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) at the time of diagnosis. Here, we characterize PDX models established from one primary and two metastatic sites of one patient. We identified an activating KRAS G12R mutation among other mutations in these models. In explant cells derived from these PDX tumor models with a KRAS G12R mutation, treatment with inhibitors of CDKs (including CDK9) reduced phosphorylation of a marker of CDK9 activity (phospho-RNAPII CTD Ser2/5) and reduced viability/growth of explant cells derived from PDAC PDX models. Similarly, a CDK inhibitor reduced phospho-RNAPII CTD Ser2/5, increased apoptosis, and inhibited tumor growth in FNA-PDX and patient-matched metastatic-PDX models. In summary, PDX models can be constructed from FNA biopsies of PDAC which in turn can enable genomic characterization and identification of potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Allaway
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Dawn A Fischer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Francine B de Abreu
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Timothy B Gardner
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Stuart R Gordon
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Richard J Barth
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.,Dartmouth-Hitchcock Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Thomas A Colacchio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.,Dartmouth-Hitchcock Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Matthew Wood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Current location: Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Balint Z Kacsoh
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03756, USA
| | - Stephanie J Bouley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Jingxuan Cui
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03756, USA
| | - Joanna Hamilton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Jungbin A Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Joshua T Lange
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Jason D Peterson
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | | | - Craig R Tomlinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Dartmouth-Hitchcock Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.,Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Gregory J Tsongalis
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.,Dartmouth-Hitchcock Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Arief A Suriawinata
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Casey S Greene
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.,Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03756, USA.,Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Yolanda Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Dartmouth-Hitchcock Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Kerrington D Smith
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.,Dartmouth-Hitchcock Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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35
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Mahajan AS, Sugita BM, Duttargi AN, Saenz F, Krawczyk E, McCutcheon JN, Fonseca AS, Kallakury B, Pohlmann P, Gusev Y, Cavalli LR. Genomic comparison of early-passage conditionally reprogrammed breast cancer cells to their corresponding primary tumors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186190. [PMID: 29049316 PMCID: PMC5648156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRCs) are epithelial cells that are directly isolated from patients' specimens and propagated in vitro with feeder cells and a Rho kinase inhibitor. A number of these cells have been generated from biopsies of breast cancer patients, including ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinomas. The characterization of their genomic signatures is essential to determine their ability to reflect the natural biology of their tumors of origin. In this study, we performed the genomic characterization of six newly established invasive breast cancer CRC cultures in comparison to the original patients' primary breast tumors (PBT) from which they derived. The CRCs and corresponding PBTs were simultaneously profiled by genome-wide array-CGH, targeted next generation sequencing and global miRNA expression to determine their molecular similarities in the patterns of copy number alterations (CNAs), gene mutations and miRNA expression levels, respectively. The CRCs' epithelial cells content and ploidy levels were also evaluated by flow cytometry. A similar level of CNAs was observed in the pairs of CRCs/PBTs analyzed by array-CGH, with >95% of overlap for the most frequently affected cytobands. Consistently, targeted next generation sequencing analysis showed the retention of specific somatic variants in the CRCs as present in their original PBTs. Global miRNA profiling closely clustered the CRCs with their PBTs (Pearson Correlation, ANOVA paired test, P<0.05), indicating also similarity at the miRNA expression level; the retention of tumor-specific alterations in a subset of miRNAs in the CRCs was further confirmed by qRT-PCR. These data demonstrated that the human breast cancer CRCs of this study maintained at early passages the overall copy number, gene mutations and miRNA expression patterns of their original tumors. The further characterization of these cells by other molecular and cellular phenotypes at late cell passages, are required to further expand their use as a unique and representative ex-vivo tumor model for basic science and translational breast cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha S. Mahajan
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Bruna M. Sugita
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Anju N. Duttargi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Francisco Saenz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Ewa Krawczyk
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Justine N. McCutcheon
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Aline S. Fonseca
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Paula Pohlmann
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Yuriy Gusev
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Luciane R. Cavalli
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Baptista RLR, Dos Santos ACE, Gutiyama LM, Solza C, Zalcberg IR. Familial Myelodysplastic/Acute Leukemia Syndromes-Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline Predisposition. Front Oncol 2017; 7:206. [PMID: 28955657 PMCID: PMC5600909 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most cases of myeloid neoplasms are sporadic, a small subset has been associated with germline mutations. The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification included these cases in a myeloid neoplasm group with a predisposing germline mutational background. These patients must have a different management and their families should get genetic counseling. Cases identification and outline of the major known syndromes characteristics will be discussed in this text.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luciana Mayumi Gutiyama
- Divisão de Laboratórios do Centro de Transplantes de Medula Óssea (CEMO), Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Solza
- Departamento de Medicina Interna/Hematologia, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ilana Renault Zalcberg
- Divisão de Laboratórios do Centro de Transplantes de Medula Óssea (CEMO), Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Wang H, Xu M, Kong Q, Sun P, Yan F, Tian W, Wang X. Research and progress on ClC‑2 (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:11-22. [PMID: 28534947 PMCID: PMC5482133 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloride channel 2 (ClC-2) is one of the nine mammalian members of the ClC family. The present review discusses the molecular properties of ClC‑2, including CLCN2, ClC‑2 promoter and the structural properties of ClC‑2 protein; physiological properties; functional properties, including the regulation of cell volume. The effects of ClC‑2 on the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, nervous and optical systems are also discussed, in addition to the mechanisms involved in the regulation of ClC‑2. The review then discusses the diseases associated with ClC‑2, including degeneration of the retina, Sjögren's syndrome, age‑related cataracts, degeneration of the testes, azoospermia, lung cancer, constipation, repair of impaired intestinal mucosa barrier, leukemia, cystic fibrosis, leukoencephalopathy, epilepsy and diabetes mellitus. It was concluded that future investigations of ClC‑2 are likely to be focused on developing specific drugs, activators and inhibitors regulating the expression of ClC‑2 to treat diseases associated with ClC‑2. The determination of CLCN2 is required to prevent and treat several diseases associated with ClC‑2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Jingjiang, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Xu
- Library, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Qingjie Kong
- School of Computer Science and Information Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154000, P.R. China
| | - Fengyun Yan
- Assets Division, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
| | - Wenying Tian
- Library, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Library, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
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38
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Varghese LN, Defour JP, Pecquet C, Constantinescu SN. The Thrombopoietin Receptor: Structural Basis of Traffic and Activation by Ligand, Mutations, Agonists, and Mutated Calreticulin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:59. [PMID: 28408900 PMCID: PMC5374145 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A well-functioning hematopoietic system requires a certain robustness and flexibility to maintain appropriate quantities of functional mature blood cells, such as red blood cells and platelets. This review focuses on the cytokine receptor that plays a significant role in thrombopoiesis: the receptor for thrombopoietin (TPO-R; also known as MPL). Here, we survey the work to date to understand how this receptor functions at a molecular level throughout its lifecycle, from traffic to the cell surface, dimerization and binding cognate cytokine via its extracellular domain, through to its subsequent activation of associated Janus kinases and initiation of downstream signaling pathways, as well as the regulation of these processes. Atomic level resolution structures of TPO-R have remained elusive. The identification of disease-causing mutations in the receptor has, however, offered some insight into structure and function relationships, as has artificial means of receptor activation, through TPO mimetics, transmembrane-targeting receptor agonists, and engineering in dimerization domains. More recently, a novel activation mechanism was identified whereby mutated forms of calreticulin form complexes with TPO-R via its extracellular N-glycosylated domain. Such complexes traffic pathologically in the cell and persistently activate JAK2, downstream signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), and other pathways. This pathologic TPO-R activation is associated with a large fraction of human myeloproliferative neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila N. Varghese
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium
- SIGN Pole, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Philippe Defour
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium
- SIGN Pole, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Biology, Cliniques universitaires St Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christian Pecquet
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium
- SIGN Pole, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan N. Constantinescu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium
- SIGN Pole, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Stefan N. Constantinescu,
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39
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Evolution of myeloid leukemia in children with Down syndrome. Int J Hematol 2016; 103:365-72. [PMID: 26910243 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-1959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a markedly increased risk of leukemia. They are at particular risk of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, known as myeloid leukemia associated with DS (ML-DS), the development of which is closely linked to a preceding temporary form of neonatal leukemia called transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM). Findings from recent clinical and laboratory studies suggest that constitutional trisomy 21 and GATA1 mutation(s) cause TAM, and that additional genetic alteration(s) including those in epigenetic regulators and signaling molecules are involved in the progression from TAM to ML-DS. Thus, this disease progression represents an important model of multi-step leukemogenesis. The present review focuses on the evolutionary process of TAM to ML-DS, and advances in the understanding of perturbed hematopoiesis in DS with respect to GATA1 mutation and recent findings, including cooperating genetic events, are discussed.
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40
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DNMT3A(R882H) mutant and Tet2 inactivation cooperate in the deregulation of DNA methylation control to induce lymphoid malignancies in mice. Leukemia 2016; 30:1388-98. [PMID: 26876596 PMCID: PMC4869893 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
TEN-ELEVEN-TRANSLOCATION-2 (TET2) and DNA-METHYLTRANSFERASE-3A (DNMT3A), both encoding proteins involved in regulating DNA methylation, are mutated in hematological malignancies affecting both myeloid and lymphoid lineages. We previously reported an association of TET2 and DNMT3A mutations in progenitors of patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas (AITL). Here, we report on the cooperative effect of Tet2-inactivation and DNMT3A mutation affecting arginine 882 (DNMT3AR882H) using a murine bone marrow transplantation assay. Five out of 18 primary recipients developed hematological malignancies with one mouse developing an AITL-like disease, 2 mice presenting acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-like and 2 others T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)-like diseases within 6 months following transplantation. Serial transplantations of DNMT3AR882H Tet2−/− progenitors led to a differentiation bias toward the T-cell compartment, eventually leading to AITL-like disease in 9/12 serially transplanted recipients. Expression profiling suggested that DNMT3AR882H Tet2−/− T-ALLs resemble those of NOTCH1 mutant. Methylation analysis of DNMT3AR882H Tet2−/− T-ALLs showed a global increase in DNA methylation affecting tumor suppressor genes and local hypomethylation affecting genes involved in the Notch pathway. Our data confirm the transformation potential of DNMT3AR882H Tet2−/− progenitors and represent the first cooperative model in mice involving Tet2-inactivation driving lymphoid malignancies.
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41
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Potential Role of JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway in the Neurogenic-to-Gliogenic Shift in Down Syndrome Brain. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:7434191. [PMID: 26881131 PMCID: PMC4737457 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7434191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Trisomy of human chromosome 21 in Down syndrome (DS) leads to several phenotypes, such as mild-to-severe intellectual disability, hypotonia, and craniofacial dysmorphisms. These are fundamental hallmarks of the disorder that affect the quality of life of most individuals with DS. Proper brain development involves meticulous regulation of various signaling pathways, and dysregulation may result in abnormal neurodevelopment. DS brain is characterized by an increased number of astrocytes with reduced number of neurons. In mouse models for DS, the pool of neural progenitor cells commits to glia rather than neuronal cell fate in the DS brain. However, the mechanism(s) and consequences of this slight neurogenic-to-gliogenic shift in DS brain are still poorly understood. To date, Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling has been proposed to be crucial in various developmental pathways, especially in promoting astrogliogenesis. Since both human and mouse models of DS brain exhibit less neurons and a higher percentage of cells with astrocytic phenotypes, understanding the role of JAK-STAT signaling in DS brain development will provide novel insight into its role in the pathogenesis of DS brain and may serve as a potential target for the development of effective therapy to improve DS cognition.
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan B Cantor
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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43
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Leroy E, Defour JP, Sato T, Dass S, Gryshkova V, Shwe MM, Staerk J, Constantinescu SN, Smith SO. His499 Regulates Dimerization and Prevents Oncogenic Activation by Asparagine Mutations of the Human Thrombopoietin Receptor. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:2974-87. [PMID: 26627830 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.696534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligand binding to the extracellular domain of the thrombopoietin receptor (TpoR) imparts a specific orientation on the transmembrane (TM) and intracellular domains of the receptors that is required for physiologic activation via receptor dimerization. To map the inactive and active dimeric orientations of the TM helices, we performed asparagine (Asn)-scanning mutagenesis of the TM domains of the murine and human TpoR. Substitution of Asn at only one position (S505N) activated the human receptor, whereas Asn substitutions at several positions activated the murine receptor. Second site mutational studies indicate that His(499) near the N terminus of the TM domain is responsible for protecting the human receptor from activation by Asn mutations. Structural studies reveal that the sequence preceding His(499) is helical in the murine receptor but non-helical in peptides corresponding to the TM domain of the inactive human receptor. The activating S505N mutation and the small molecule agonist eltrombopag both induce helix in this region of the TM domain and are associated with dimerization and activation of the human receptor. Thus, His(499) regulates the activation of human TpoR and provides additional protection against activating mutations, such as oncogenic Asn mutations in the TM domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Leroy
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1200 Brussels, Belgium de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Philippe Defour
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1200 Brussels, Belgium de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sharmila Dass
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, and
| | - Vitalina Gryshkova
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1200 Brussels, Belgium de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Myat M Shwe
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1200 Brussels, Belgium de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Judith Staerk
- Stem Cell Group, Nordic European Molecular Biology Laboratory Partnership and Center for Molecular Medicine, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan N Constantinescu
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1200 Brussels, Belgium de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium,
| | - Steven O Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, and
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44
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Bösmüller H, Klenske J, Bonzheim I, Scharpf M, Rieger N, Quintanilla-Fend L, Fend F. Cytokeratin-positive interstitial reticulum cell tumor: recognition of a potential "in situ" pattern. Hum Pathol 2015; 49:15-21. [PMID: 26826404 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytokeratin-positive interstitial reticulum cell (CIRC) tumor is a very rare accessory cell neoplasm of lymphoid organs derived from fibroblastic reticulum cells, which originate from mesenchymal stem cells. We describe the histologic, immunophenotypical, and molecular features of a CIRC tumor in a 67-year-old woman who underwent hysterectomy, bilateral adnexectomy, and pelvic lymphadenectomy for endometrial carcinoma. An enlarged pelvic node contained circumscribed neoplastic infiltrates in perifollicular and interfollicular areas consisting of large cells arranged in a reticular pattern with nuclear atypia, atypical mitoses, and apoptosis, but without glandular architecture or disruption of overall architecture. The atypical infiltrate coexpressed cytokeratin and vimentin, partially CD68, CD163, and lysozyme, but lacked markers of endometrial carcinoma, consistent with a diagnosis of CIRC tumor. Despite the obviously neoplastic cytological features, immunostains revealed the circumscribed and noninvasive pattern of the lesion, possibly representing an early "in situ" stage of CIRC tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Bösmüller
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Julia Klenske
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zollernalb-Klinikum, D-72458 Albstadt, Germany
| | - Irina Bonzheim
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Scharpf
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Naomi Rieger
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Falko Fend
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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45
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Springuel L, Renauld JC, Knoops L. JAK kinase targeting in hematologic malignancies: a sinuous pathway from identification of genetic alterations towards clinical indications. Haematologica 2015; 100:1240-53. [PMID: 26432382 PMCID: PMC4591756 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.132142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive JAK-STAT pathway activation occurs in most myeloproliferative neoplasms as well as in a significant proportion of other hematologic malignancies, and is frequently a marker of poor prognosis. The underlying molecular alterations are heterogeneous as they include activating mutations in distinct components (cytokine receptor, JAK, STAT), overexpression (cytokine receptor, JAK) or rare JAK2 fusion proteins. In some cases, concomitant loss of negative regulators contributes to pathogenesis by further boosting the activation of the cascade. Exploiting the signaling bottleneck provided by the limited number of JAK kinases is an attractive therapeutic strategy for hematologic neoplasms driven by constitutive JAK-STAT pathway activation. However, given the conserved nature of the kinase domain among family members and the interrelated roles of JAK kinases in many physiological processes, including hematopoiesis and immunity, broad usage of JAK inhibitors in hematology is challenged by their narrow therapeutic window. Novel therapies are, therefore, needed. The development of more selective inhibitors is a questionable strategy as such inhibitors might abrogate the beneficial contribution of alleviating the cancer-related pro-inflammatory microenvironment and raise selective pressure to a threshold that allows the emergence of malignant subclones harboring drug-resistant mutations. In contrast, synergistic combinations of JAK inhibitors with drugs targeting cascades that work in concert with JAK-STAT pathway appear to be promising therapeutic alternatives to JAK inhibitors as monotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Springuel
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Knoops
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium Hematology Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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The biology of pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Blood 2015; 126:943-9. [PMID: 26186939 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-05-567859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) comprises between 4% and 15% of newly diagnosed pediatric acute myeloid leukemia patients. AMKL in children with Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by a founding GATA1 mutation that cooperates with trisomy 21, followed by the acquisition of additional somatic mutations. In contrast, non-DS-AMKL is characterized by chimeric oncogenes consisting of genes known to play a role in normal hematopoiesis. CBFA2T3-GLIS2 is the most frequent chimeric oncogene identified to date in this subset of patients and confers a poor prognosis.
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Warsi J, Elvira B, Bissinger R, Hosseinzadeh Z, Lang F. Regulation of Voltage-Gated K+ Channel Kv1.5 by the Janus Kinase JAK3. J Membr Biol 2015; 248:1061-70. [PMID: 26100849 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-015-9817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) participates in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. The kinase further influences ion channels and transport proteins. The present study explored whether JAK3 contributes to the regulation of the voltage-gated K(+) channel Kv1.5, which participates in the regulation of diverse functions including atrial cardiac action potential and tumor cell proliferation. To this end, cRNA encoding Kv1.5 was injected into Xenopus oocytes with or without additional injection of cRNA encoding wild-type JAK3, constitutively active (A568V)JAK3, or inactive (K851A)JAK3. Voltage-gated K(+) channel activity was measured utilizing dual electrode voltage clamp, and Kv1.5 channel protein abundance in the cell membrane was quantified utilizing chemiluminescence of Kv1.5 containing an extracellular hemagglutinin epitope (Kv1.5-HA). As a result, Kv1.5 activity and Kv1.5-HA protein abundance were significantly decreased by wild-type JAK3 and (A568V)JAK3, but not by (K851A)JAK3. Inhibition of Kv1.5 protein insertion into the cell membrane by brefeldin A (5 μM) resulted in a decline of the voltage-gated current, which was similar in the absence and presence of (A568V)JAK3, suggesting that (A568V)JAK3 did not accelerate Kv1.5 protein retrieval from the cell membrane. A 24 h treatment with ouabain (100 µM) significantly decreased the voltage-gated current in oocytes expressing Kv1.5 without or with (A568V)JAK3 and dissipated the difference between oocytes expressing Kv1.5 alone and oocytes expressing Kv1.5 with (A568V)JAK3. In conclusion, JAK3 contributes to the regulation of membrane Kv1.5 protein abundance and activity, an effect sensitive to ouabain and thus possibly involving Na(+)/K(+) ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshed Warsi
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernat Elvira
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zohreh Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Ng AP, Hu Y, Metcalf D, Hyland CD, Ierino H, Phipson B, Wu D, Baldwin TM, Kauppi M, Kiu H, Di Rago L, Hilton DJ, Smyth GK, Alexander WS. Early lineage priming by trisomy of Erg leads to myeloproliferation in a Down syndrome model. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005211. [PMID: 25973911 PMCID: PMC4431731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), with trisomy of chromosome 21 (HSA21), is the commonest human aneuploidy. Pre-leukemic myeloproliferative changes in DS foetal livers precede the acquisition of GATA1 mutations, transient myeloproliferative disorder (DS-TMD) and acute megakaryocytic leukemia (DS-AMKL). Trisomy of the Erg gene is required for myeloproliferation in the Ts(1716)65Dn DS mouse model. We demonstrate here that genetic changes specifically attributable to trisomy of Erg lead to lineage priming of primitive and early multipotential progenitor cells in Ts(1716)65Dn mice, excess megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors, and malignant myeloproliferation. Gene expression changes dependent on trisomy of Erg in Ts(1716)65Dn multilineage progenitor cells were correlated with those associated with trisomy of HSA21 in human DS hematopoietic stem and primitive progenitor cells. These data suggest a role for ERG as a regulator of hematopoietic lineage potential, and that trisomy of ERG in the context of DS foetal liver hemopoiesis drives the pre-leukemic changes that predispose to subsequent DS-TMD and DS-AMKL. An excess number of genes in trisomy on human chromosome 21 leads to the development of specific diseases in human Down syndrome. An excess copy of the gene, ERG, an ETS family transcription factor, has been implicated in abnormal blood system development in Down syndrome. In this study we show how trisomy of Erg in a murine Down syndrome model perturbs hematopoietic progenitor cells in a manner similar to that observed in human Down syndrome by inducing gene expression changes and lineage priming in early multi-potential progenitors. We show that the gene expression signature specifically attributable to trisomy of Erg in the murine model is strongly correlated with gene expression changes in human Down syndrome hematopoietic cells. The data suggest that Erg is an important regulator of megakaryocyte-erythroid lineage specification in multipotential hematopoietic cells and that trisomy of Erg in the context of DS prediposes to a transient myeloproliferative disorder and acute megakaryocyte leukaemia in a multi-step model of leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley P. Ng
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Yifang Hu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Donald Metcalf
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig D. Hyland
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Ierino
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda Phipson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Di Wu
- Centre for Cancer Research, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tracey M. Baldwin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Kauppi
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hiu Kiu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ladina Di Rago
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Douglas J. Hilton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gordon K. Smyth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Warren S. Alexander
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Malara A, Abbonante V, Di Buduo CA, Tozzi L, Currao M, Balduini A. The secret life of a megakaryocyte: emerging roles in bone marrow homeostasis control. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1517-36. [PMID: 25572292 PMCID: PMC4369169 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Megakaryocytes are rare cells found in the bone marrow, responsible for the everyday production and release of millions of platelets into the bloodstream. Since the discovery and cloning, in 1994, of their principal humoral factor, thrombopoietin, and its receptor c-Mpl, many efforts have been directed to define the mechanisms underlying an efficient platelet production. However, more recently different studies have pointed out new roles for megakaryocytes as regulators of bone marrow homeostasis and physiology. In this review we discuss the interaction and the reciprocal regulation of megakaryocytes with the different cellular and extracellular components of the bone marrow environment. Finally, we provide evidence that these processes may concur to the reconstitution of the bone marrow environment after injury and their deregulation may lead to the development of a series of inherited or acquired pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Malara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Abbonante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Christian A. Di Buduo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA USA
| | - Manuela Currao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA USA
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Yin C, Sandoval C, Baeg GH. Identification of mutant alleles of JAK3 in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 56:1502-6. [PMID: 25146434 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.957204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have an 80% chance of long-term survival. Despite the high rate of cure, children relapse, and recurrent ALL is difficult to cure with chemotherapeutic regimens. Therefore, improved biological understanding of ALL and the development of rationally designed therapeutics targeting molecules associated with the pathogenesis of ALL are essential. We identified missense and synonymous JAK3 mutations in 16 of 91 pediatric patients with ALL. The expression of JAK3(V722I) mutant caused the cytokine-independent activation of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling and conferred the factor-independent growth of murine interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent pro-B Ba/F3 cells. Importantly, inhibition of JAK3 by the known JAK3 inhibitor CP-690 550 converted the Ba/F3-JAK3(V722I) cells back to factor-dependent growth. These observations suggest that JAK3 may contribute to the pathogenesis of pediatric ALL and serve as an important therapeutic target which can be leveraged to improve outcomes for pediatric patients with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College , Valhalla, NY , USA
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