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Luo X, Shi J, Wang S, Jin X. The role of circular RNA targeting IGF2BPs in cancer-a potential target for cancer therapy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00109-024-02488-8. [PMID: 39287635 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are an interesting class of conserved single-stranded RNA molecules derived from exon or intron sequences produced by the reverse splicing of precursor mRNA. CircRNAs play important roles as microRNA sponges, gene splicing and transcriptional regulators, RNA-binding protein sponges, and protein/peptide translation factors. Abnormal functions of circRNAs and RBPs in tumor progression have been widely reported. Insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BPs) are a highly conserved family of RBPs identified in humans that function as post-transcriptional fine-tuners of target transcripts. Emerging evidence suggests that IGF2BPs regulate the processing and metabolism of RNA, including its stability, translation, and localization, and participate in a variety of cellular functions and pathophysiology. In this review, we have summarized the roles and molecular mechanisms of circRNAs and IGF2BPs in cancer development and progression. In addition, we briefly introduce the role of other RNAs and IGF2BPs in cancer, discuss the current clinical applications and challenges faced by circRNAs and IGF2BPs, and propose future directions for this promising research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiaxin Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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2
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Jing Y, Qi L, Zhang X, Zheng L, Yang P, Yin J, Shi Y, Yan S. miR-let-7a inhibits sympathetic nerve remodeling after myocardial infarction by downregulating the expression of nerve growth factor. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240975. [PMID: 38883335 PMCID: PMC11179384 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Sympathetic hyperinnervation following myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the primary causes of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) after MI. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a key molecule that induces sympathetic nerve remodeling. Previous studies have confirmed that microRNA (miR)-let-7a interacts with NGF. However, whether miR-let-7a is involved in sympathetic remodeling after MI remains unknown. We aimed to investigate whether miR-let-7a was associated with the occurrence of VA after MI. Methods and results A rat model of myocardial infarction was established using left coronary artery ligation. miR-let-7a expression levels were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Western blotting was also used to examine NGF expression levels in vivo and in M1 macrophages in vitro. The relationship between miR-let-7a and NGF levels was investigated using a luciferase reporter assay. The results revealed that the expression of miR-let-7a decreased significantly after MI, while NGF expression was significantly upregulated. In addition, overexpression of miR-let-7a effectively inhibited NGF expression in rats, which was also verified in M1 macrophages. Tyrosine hydroxylase and growth-associated protein 43 immunofluorescence results revealed that the administration of a miR-let-7a overexpression lentivirus to rats inhibited sympathetic remodeling after MI. Programmed electrical stimulation, renal sympathetic nerve activity recording, and heart rate variability measurements showed that miR-let-7a overexpression decreased sympathetic activity. Conclusions These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms by which miR-let-7a and NGF contribute to the progression of sympathetic nerve remodeling after MI. Therefore, miR-let-7a may be a promising therapeutic target to reduce the incidence of arrhythmia following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Shandong University, Yantai, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Qi
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peijin Yang
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Yugen Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Suhua Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
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3
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Orang A, Marri S, McKinnon RA, Petersen J, Michael MZ. Restricting Colorectal Cancer Cell Metabolism with Metformin: An Integrated Transcriptomics Study. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2055. [PMID: 38893174 PMCID: PMC11171104 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin is a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes as it disrupts cellular metabolism. Despite the association between metformin and lower cancer incidence, the anti-tumour activity of the drug in colorectal cancer (CRC) is incompletely understood. This study identifies underlying molecular mechanisms by which metformin slows colorectal cancer cell proliferation by investigating metformin-associated microRNA (miRNA) and target gene pairs implicated in signalling pathways. METHODS The present study analysed changes in miRNAs and the coding transcriptome in CRC cells treated with a sublethal dose of metformin, followed by the contextual validation of potential miRNA-target gene pairs. RESULTS Analyses of small RNA and transcriptome sequencing data revealed 104 miRNAs and 1221 mRNAs to be differentially expressed in CRC cells treated with metformin for 72 h. Interaction networks between differentially expressed miRNAs and putative target mRNAs were identified. Differentially expressed genes were mainly implicated in metabolism and signalling processes, such as the PI3K-Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways. Further validation of potential miRNA-target mRNA pairs revealed that metformin induced miR-2110 and miR-132-3p to target PIK3R3 and, consequently, regulate CRC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Metformin also induced miR-222-3p and miR-589-3p, which directly target STMN1 to inhibit CRC cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. CONCLUSIONS This study identified novel changes in the coding transcriptome and small non-coding RNAs associated with metformin treatment of CRC cells. Integration of these datasets highlighted underlying mechanisms by which metformin impedes cell proliferation in CRC. Importantly, it identified the post-transcriptional regulation of specific genes that impact both metabolism and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Orang
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; (A.O.); (S.M.); (R.A.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Shashikanth Marri
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; (A.O.); (S.M.); (R.A.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Ross A. McKinnon
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; (A.O.); (S.M.); (R.A.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Janni Petersen
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; (A.O.); (S.M.); (R.A.M.); (J.P.)
- Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Michael Z. Michael
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; (A.O.); (S.M.); (R.A.M.); (J.P.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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Alshahrani SH, Yuliastanti T, Al-Dolaimy F, Korotkova NL, Rasulova I, Almuala AF, Alsaalamy A, Ali SHJ, Alasheqi MQ, Mustafa YF. A glimpse into let-7e roles in human disorders; friend or foe? Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154992. [PMID: 38103367 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been linked to abnormal expression and regulation in a number of diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have concentrated on miRNA Let-7e's significance in precision medicine for cancer screening and diagnosis as well as its prognostic and therapeutic potential. Differential let-7e levels in bodily fluids have the possibility to enable early detection of cancer utilizing less-invasive techniques, reducing biopsy-related risks. Although Let-7e miRNAs have been described as tumor suppressors, it is crucial to note that there exists proof to support their oncogenic activity in vitro and in in vivo. Let-7e's significance in chemo- and radiation treatment decisions has also been demonstrated. Let-7e can also prevent the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines in a number of degenerative disorders, including musculoskeletal and neurological conditions. For the first time, an overview of the significance of let-7e in the prevention, detection, and therapy of cancer and other conditions has been given in the current review. Additionally, we focused on the specific molecular processes that underlie the actions of let-7e, more particularly, on malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nadezhda L Korotkova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Privolzhsky Research Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Irodakhon Rasulova
- School of Humanities, Natural & Social Sciences, New Uzbekistan University, 54 Mustaqillik Ave., Tashkent 100007, Uzbekistan; Department of Public Health, Samarkand State Medical University, Amir Temur Street 18, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Abbas Firras Almuala
- College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsaalamy
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
| | - Saad Hayif Jasim Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
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Abudoubari S, Bu K, Mei Y, Maimaitiyiming A, An H, Tao N. Preliminary study on miRNA in prostate cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:270. [PMID: 37641123 PMCID: PMC10464187 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen for miRNAs differentially expressed in prostate cancer and prostate hyperplasia tissues and to validate their association with prostate cancer. METHODS Patients diagnosed by pathology in the Department of Urology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from October 2021 to June 2022 were selected, and their general clinical information, blood samples, and prostate tissue samples were collected. miRNA microarray technology was performed to obtain differentially expressed miRNAs in prostate cancer and hyperplasia tissues, and miRNAs to be studied were screened by microarray results and review of relevant literature. The detection of miRNA expression in the patients' blood and prostate tissue samples was measured. The miRNA-222-mimics were transfected into PC3 cells, and cell biology experiments such as CCK8, scratch, Transwell, and flow cytometry were performed to detect the effects of overexpressed miRNA-222 on the growth and proliferation, invasive ability, apoptotic ability, and metastatic ability of prostate cancer cells. RESULTS The results of the miRNA microarray showed that there were many differentially expressed miRNAs in prostate cancer and hyperplasia tissues, and four miRNAs, miRNA-144, miRNA-222, miRNA-1248, and miRNA-3651 were finally selected as the subjects by reviewing relevant literature. The results showed that the expression of miRNA-222 in prostate cancer tissues was lower than that in prostate hyperplasia tissues (P < 0.05). The expression of miRNA-222, miRNA-1248, and miRNA-3651 in blood samples of prostate cancer patients was lower than that in prostate hyperplasia patients (P < 0.05). The analysis results indicated that the f/t ratio and the relative expression of miRNA-222 and miRNA-1248 were independent influences of prostate cancer (P < 0.05), in which overexpression of miRNA-222 decreased the proliferative, invasive, and metastatic abilities of PC3 cells and enhanced the level of apoptosis of cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Although there was no significant change in the overall incidence of prostate cancer in this study, significant changes occurred in the incidence of prostate cancer with different characteristics. In addition, the nomogram prediction model of prostate cancer-specific survival rate constructed based on four factors has a high reference value, which helps physicians to correctly assess the patient-specific survival rate and provides a reference basis for patient diagnosis and prognosis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saimaitikari Abudoubari
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, 844700, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ke Bu
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yujie Mei
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | | | - Hengqing An
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393, Xinyi Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Genitourinary System, No. 393, Xinyi Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Ning Tao
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Genitourinary System, No. 393, Xinyi Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
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6
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Hernandez JC, Chen CL, Machida T, Uthaya Kumar DB, Tahara SM, Montana J, Sher L, Liang J, Jung JU, Tsukamoto H, Machida K. LIN28 and histone H3K4 methylase induce TLR4 to generate tumor-initiating stem-like cells. iScience 2023; 26:106254. [PMID: 36949755 PMCID: PMC10025994 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance and plasticity of tumor-initiating stem-like cells (TICs) promote tumor recurrence and metastasis. The gut-originating endotoxin-TLR4-NANOG oncogenic axis is responsible for the genesis of TICs. This study investigated mechanisms as to how TICs arise through transcriptional, epigenetic, and post-transcriptional activation of oncogenic TLR4 pathways. Here, we expressed constitutively active TLR4 (caTLR4) in mice carrying pLAP-tTA or pAlb-tTA, under a tetracycline withdrawal-inducible system. Liver progenitor cell induction accelerated liver tumor development in caTLR4-expressing mice. Lentiviral shRNA library screening identified histone H3K4 methylase SETD7 as central to activation of TLR4. SETD7 combined with hypoxia induced TLR4 through HIF2 and NOTCH. LIN28 post-transcriptionally stabilized TLR4 mRNA via de-repression of let-7 microRNA. These results supported a LIN28-TLR4 pathway for the development of HCCs in a hypoxic microenvironment. These findings not only advance our understanding of molecular mechanisms responsible for TIC generation in HCC, but also represent new therapeutic targets for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Hernandez
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- MS Biotechnology Program, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA
| | - Chia-Lin Chen
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Life Sciences & Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tatsuya Machida
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Dinesh Babu Uthaya Kumar
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Stanley M. Tahara
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jared Montana
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Linda Sher
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | | | - Jae U. Jung
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Keigo Machida
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Letafati A, Najafi S, Mottahedi M, Karimzadeh M, Shahini A, Garousi S, Abbasi-Kolli M, Sadri Nahand J, Tamehri Zadeh SS, Hamblin MR, Rahimian N, Taghizadieh M, Mirzaei H. MicroRNA let-7 and viral infections: focus on mechanisms of action. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:14. [PMID: 35164678 PMCID: PMC8853298 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are fundamental post-transcriptional modulators of several critical cellular processes, a number of which are involved in host defense mechanisms. In particular, miRNA let-7 functions as an essential regulator of the function and differentiation of both innate and adaptive immune cells. Let-7 is involved in several human diseases, including cancer and viral infections. Several viral infections have found ways to dysregulate the expression of miRNAs. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane-bound lipid structures released from many types of human cells that can transport proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and miRNAs, including let-7. After their release, EVs are taken up by the recipient cells and their contents released into the cytoplasm. Let-7-loaded EVs have been suggested to affect cellular pathways and biological targets in the recipient cells, and can modulate viral replication, the host antiviral response, and the action of cancer-related viruses. In the present review, we summarize the available knowledge concerning the expression of let-7 family members, functions, target genes, and mechanistic involvement in viral pathogenesis and host defense. This may provide insight into the development of new therapeutic strategies to manage viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Letafati
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Najafi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Mottahedi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimzadeh
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shahini
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Setareh Garousi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbasi-Kolli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028 South Africa
| | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Women’s Health Research Zahra, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Jasinski-Bergner S, Mandelboim O, Seliger B. Molecular mechanisms of human herpes viruses inferring with host immune surveillance. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-000841. [PMID: 32616556 PMCID: PMC7333871 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several human herpes viruses (HHVs) exert oncogenic potential leading to malignant transformation of infected cells and/or tissues. The molecular processes induced by viral-encoded molecules including microRNAs, peptides, and proteins contributing to immune evasion of the infected host cells are equal to the molecular processes of immune evasion mediated by tumor cells independently of viral infections. Such major immune evasion strategies include (1) the downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines as well as the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, (2) the downregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ia directly as well as indirectly by downregulation of the components involved in the antigen processing, and (3) the downregulation of stress-induced ligands for activating receptors on immune effector cells with NKG2D leading the way. Furthermore, (4) immune modulatory molecules like MHC class Ib molecules and programmed cell death1 ligand 1 can be upregulated on infections with certain herpes viruses. This review article focuses on the known molecular mechanisms of HHVs modulating the above-mentioned possibilities for immune surveillance and even postulates a temporal order linking regular tumor immunology with basic virology and offering putatively novel insights for targeting HHVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jasinski-Bergner
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- Immunology & Cancer Research Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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9
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Pillozzi S, Bernini A, Palchetti I, Crociani O, Antonuzzo L, Campanacci D, Scoccianti G. Soft Tissue Sarcoma: An Insight on Biomarkers at Molecular, Metabolic and Cellular Level. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123044. [PMID: 34207243 PMCID: PMC8233868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Soft tissue sarcoma is a rare mesenchymal malignancy. Despite the advancements in the fields of radiology, pathology and surgery, these tumors often recur locally and/or with metastatic disease. STS is considered to be a diagnostic challenge due to the large variety of histological subtypes with clinical and histopathological characteristics which are not always distinct. One of the important clinical problems is a lack of useful biomarkers. Therefore, the discovery of biomarkers that can be used to detect tumors or predict tumor response to chemotherapy or radiotherapy could help clinicians provide more effective clinical management. Abstract Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors. Although constituting only 1% of all human malignancies, STSs represent the second most common type of solid tumors in children and adolescents and comprise an important group of secondary malignancies. Over 100 histologic subtypes have been characterized to date (occurring predominantly in the trunk, extremity, and retroperitoneum), and many more are being discovered due to molecular profiling. STS mortality remains high, despite adjuvant chemotherapy. New prognostic stratification markers are needed to help identify patients at risk of recurrence and possibly apply more intensive or novel treatments. Recent scientific advancements have enabled a more precise molecular characterization of sarcoma subtypes and revealed novel therapeutic targets and prognostic/predictive biomarkers. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the most relevant cellular, molecular and metabolic biomarkers for STS, and highlight advances in STS-related biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Pillozzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Bernini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Palchetti
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Olivia Crociani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Antonuzzo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy;
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Domenico Campanacci
- Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Guido Scoccianti
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy;
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10
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Purification Methods and the Presence of RNA in Virus Particles and Extracellular Vesicles. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090917. [PMID: 32825599 PMCID: PMC7552034 DOI: 10.3390/v12090917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fields of extracellular vesicles (EV) and virus infections are marred in a debate on whether a particular mRNA or non-coding RNA (i.e., miRNA) is packaged into a virus particle or copurifying EV and similarly, whether a particular mRNA or non-coding RNA is contained in meaningful numbers within an EV. Key in settling this debate, is whether the purification methods are adequate to separate virus particles, EV and contaminant soluble RNA and RNA:protein complexes. Differential centrifugation/ultracentrifugation and precipitating agents like polyethylene glycol are widely utilized for both EV and virus purifications. EV are known to co-sediment with virions and other particulates, such as defective interfering particles and protein aggregates. Here, we discuss how encased RNAs from a heterogeneous mixture of particles can be distinguished by different purification methods. This is particularly important for subsequent interpretation of whether the RNA associated phenotype is contributed solely by virus or EV particles or a mixture of both. We also discuss the discrepancy of miRNA abundance in EV from different input material.
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11
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Hui L, Zheng F, Bo Y, Sen-Lin M, Ai-Jun L, Wei-Ping Z, Yong-Jie Z, Lei Y. MicroRNA let-7b inhibits cell proliferation via upregulation of p21 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:83. [PMID: 32626571 PMCID: PMC7329548 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most malignant tumor types and has a high incidence and mortality. Many miRNAs play important roles in the development of HCC. Identification of these miRNAs and their targets is increasingly urgent for a better understandingof miRNA function in both physiological and pathological contexts. Many studies have shown that the expression of let-7 is often downregulated in the process of tumorigenesis, suggesting that let-7 may participate in this process as an oncogene. Methods Immunochemistry staining was used to observe the expression of let-7b in HCC tissues. A CCK-8 assay was employed to detect the role of let-7b in the proliferation of HCC cells. The cell cycle of HCC cells was examined by flow cytometry. BALB/c nu/nu mice were used to detect the tumorigenesis potential of HCC cells; western blot and real-time PCR were employed to observe the expression of p21 in HCC cells. Results In our previous studies investigating HCC tissue samples obtained from the national tissue samples bank of liver cancer in Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, we found one abnormal expression of miRNA (let-7b), which was significantly downregulated in HCC tissue. In the current work, we studied the relationship between let-7b and HCC to potentially provide invaluable information for developing novel therapeutic strategies for treating HCC. Based on our findings, let-7b expression was absent in HCC tumors, and its lower expression was associated with poor prognosis of HCC. In further experiments, we found that let-7b inhibited HCC cell proliferation through upregulation of p21. Conclusion The results of our study suggested that let-7b might inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells by upregulating p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hui
- The Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Fang Zheng
- The Second Department of Biliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yuan Bo
- The Second Department of Biliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Ma Sen-Lin
- The Second Department of Biliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Li Ai-Jun
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Zhou Wei-Ping
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Zhang Yong-Jie
- The Second Department of Biliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yin Lei
- The Second Department of Biliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
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12
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Hasham K, Ahmed N, Zeshan B. Circulating microRNAs in oncogenic viral infections: potential diagnostic biomarkers. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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13
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Yang ZY, Wang Y, Liu Q, Wu M. microRNA cluster MC-let-7a-1~let-7d promotes autophagy and apoptosis of glioma cells by down-regulating STAT3. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 26:319-331. [PMID: 31868319 PMCID: PMC7052808 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has highlighted the correlation between microRNAs (miRNAs) and the progression of glioma. However, the role of miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d in glioma remains elusive. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d on glioma progression. Methods and Results Microarray data analysis provided data indicating the involvement of miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d in glioma via STAT3. The expression of let‐7a‐1, let‐7d, let‐7f‐1, and miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d was diminished in the glioma tissues and the cell lines. Additionally, our results revealed that STAT3 was a target gene of let‐7d, let‐7a‐1, and let‐7f‐1, which was further verified by the dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. Moreover, STAT3 expression was negatively mediated by let‐7a‐1, let‐7d, and let‐7f‐1. Up‐regulated miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d or silenced STAT3 suppressed cell proliferation but accelerated cell apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, restrained tumor growth was identified in the nude mice treated with miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d mimics or STAT3 siRNA. Conclusion Taken together, the miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d promotes glioma cell autophagy and apoptosis by repressing STAT3. The current study highlights the potential of the miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d as biomarkers and promising treatment strategies for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan-Yi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Medical School of Central South University & Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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He Q, Huang FW, Barrett C, Reidys CM. Genetic robustness of let-7 miRNA sequence-structure pairs. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 25:1592-1603. [PMID: 31548338 PMCID: PMC6859847 DOI: 10.1261/rna.065763.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Genetic robustness, the preservation of evolved phenotypes against genotypic mutations, is one of the central concepts in evolution. In recent years a large body of work has focused on the origins, mechanisms, and consequences of robustness in a wide range of biological systems. In particular, research on ncRNAs studied the ability of sequences to maintain folded structures against single-point mutations. In these studies, the structure is merely a reference. However, recent work revealed evidence that structure itself contributes to the genetic robustness of ncRNAs. We follow this line of thought and consider sequence-structure pairs as the unit of evolution and introduce the spectrum of extended mutational robustness (EMR spectrum) as a measurement of genetic robustness. Our analysis of the miRNA let-7 family captures key features of structure-modulated evolution and facilitates the study of robustness against multiple-point mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun He
- Biocomplexity Institute and Initiative
| | | | | | - Christian M Reidys
- Biocomplexity Institute and Initiative
- Department of Mathematics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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15
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Gonzalez-Molina J, Gramolelli S, Liao Z, Carlson JW, Ojala PM, Lehti K. MMP14 in Sarcoma: A Regulator of Tumor Microenvironment Communication in Connective Tissues. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090991. [PMID: 31466240 PMCID: PMC6770050 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are deadly malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin occurring at all ages. The expression and function of the membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase MMP14 is closely related to the mesenchymal cell phenotype, and it is highly expressed in most sarcomas. MMP14 regulates the activity of multiple extracellular and plasma membrane proteins, influencing cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) communication. This regulation mediates processes such as ECM degradation and remodeling, cell invasion, and cancer metastasis. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the biology of MMP14 in sarcomas will shed light on the mechanisms controlling the key processes in these diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the function and regulation of MMP14 and we discuss their relationship with clinical and pre-clinical MMP14 data in both adult and childhood sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Gonzalez-Molina
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Silvia Gramolelli
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zehuan Liao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Joseph W Carlson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Päivi M Ojala
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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17
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Rivera-Soto R, Damania B. Modulation of Angiogenic Processes by the Human Gammaherpesviruses, Epstein-Barr Virus and Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1544. [PMID: 31354653 PMCID: PMC6640166 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the biological process by which new blood vessels are formed from pre-existing vessels. It is considered one of the classic hallmarks of cancer, as pathological angiogenesis provides oxygen and essential nutrients to growing tumors. Two of the seven known human oncoviruses, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), belong to the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily. Both viruses are associated with several malignancies including lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and Kaposi’s sarcoma. The viral genomes code for a plethora of viral factors, including proteins and non-coding RNAs, some of which have been shown to deregulate angiogenic pathways and promote tumor growth. In this review, we discuss the ability of both viruses to modulate the pro-angiogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rivera-Soto
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Blossom Damania
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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18
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Zhang J, Pu XM, Xiong Y. kshv-mir-k12-1-5p promotes cell growth and metastasis by targeting SOCS6 in Kaposi's sarcoma cells. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:4985-4995. [PMID: 31213914 PMCID: PMC6549767 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s198411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a highly disseminated angiogenic tumour of endothelial cells. Many deregulated miRNAs, including kshv-mir-k12-1-5p, have been identified in KS. kshv-mir-k12-1-5p plays important roles in KS. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the exact functions of kshv-mir-k12-1-5p in KS cells. Materials and methods: The biological functions of kshv-mir-k12-1-5p were studied using CCK-8, apoptosis, migration and invasion assays. Bioinformatics software was used to identify the target gene (SOCS6) of kshv-mir-k12-1-5p. A dual luciferase assay, Western blot (WB) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) were performed to further verify the target gene. The underlying molecular mechanisms of kshv-mir-k12-1-5p in KS cells were also explored. Results: kshv-mir-k12-1-5p can promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of KS cells and inhibit cell apoptosis. Suppressor of cytokine signalling 6 (SOCS6) was identified as a direct target of kshv-mir-k12-1-5p, and kshv-mir-k12-1-5p can downregulate SOCS6 expression. In addition, knockdown of SOCS6 rescued the effects of kshv-mir-k12-1-5p inhibitor. Hence, a direct relationship between kshv-mir-k12-1-5p and SOCS6 was confirmed. Conclusions: kshv-mir-k12-1-5p promotes the malignant phenotype of KS cells by targeting SOCS6, suggesting that kshv-mir-k12-1-5p could be a potential therapeutic target for KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Postgraduate College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong-Ming Pu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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19
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Masaoutis C, Korkolopoulou P, Theocharis S. Exosomes in sarcomas: Tiny messengers with broad implications in diagnosis, surveillance, prognosis and treatment. Cancer Lett 2019; 449:172-177. [PMID: 30779943 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-secreted extracellular vesicles, which contain an array of biomolecules, such as proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs, and lipids, take part in intercellular communication and mediate tumor-host interactions. They are increasingly considered as a source of biomarkers for liquid biopsies as well as potential drug vectors. Sarcomas are rare malignant mesenchymal tumours and due to their relative rarity exosomes have not been investigated in as extensively as in epithelial malignancies. Nonetheless, valuable information has been gathered over the last years on the roles of exosomes in sarcomas. In the present review we summarize all relevant data obtained so far from cell lines, animal models and patients with emphasis on their potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Masaoutis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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20
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Hussein HAM, Alfhili MA, Pakala P, Simon S, Hussain J, McCubrey JA, Akula SM. miRNAs and their roles in KSHV pathogenesis. Virus Res 2019; 266:15-24. [PMID: 30951791 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman Disease (MCD). Recent mechanistic advances have discerned the importance of microRNAs in the virus-host relationship. KSHV has two modes of replication: lytic and latent phase. KSHV entry into permissive cells, establishment of infection, and maintenance of latency are contingent upon successful modulation of the host miRNA transcriptome. Apart from host cell miRNAs, KSHV also encodes viral miRNAs. Among various cellular and molecular targets, miRNAs are appearing to be key players in regulating viral pathogenesis. Therefore, the use of miRNAs as novel therapeutics has gained considerable attention as of late. This innovative approach relies on either mimicking miRNA species by identical oligonucleotides, or selective silencing of miRNA with specific oligonucleotide inhibitors. Here, we provide an overview of KSHV pathogenesis at the molecular level with special emphasis on the various roles miRNAs play during virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosni A M Hussein
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States; Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A Alfhili
- Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology/Oncology), Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pranaya Pakala
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Sandra Simon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Jaffer Hussain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Shaw M Akula
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States.
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21
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Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) gained public attention as an AIDS-defining malignancy; its appearance on the skin was a highly stigmatizing sign of HIV infection during the height of the AIDS epidemic. The widespread introduction of effective antiretrovirals to control HIV by restoring immunocompetence reduced the prevalence of AIDS-related KS, although KS does occur in individuals with well-controlled HIV infection. KS also presents in individuals without HIV infection in older men (classic KS), in sub-Saharan Africa (endemic KS) and in transplant recipients (iatrogenic KS). The aetiologic agent of KS is KS herpesvirus (KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus-8), and viral proteins can induce KS-associated cellular changes that enable the virus to evade the host immune system and allow the infected cell to survive and proliferate despite viral infection. Currently, most cases of KS occur in sub-Saharan Africa, where KSHV infection is prevalent owing to transmission by saliva in childhood compounded by the ongoing AIDS epidemic. Treatment for early AIDS-related KS in previously untreated patients should start with the control of HIV with antiretrovirals, which frequently results in KS regression. In advanced-stage KS, chemotherapy with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin or paclitaxel is the most common treatment, although it is seldom curative. In sub-Saharan Africa, KS continues to have a poor prognosis. Newer treatments for KS based on the mechanisms of its pathogenesis are being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethel Cesarman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Blossom Damania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark Bower
- National Centre for HIV Malignancy, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Denise Whitby
- Leidos Biomedical Research, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
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22
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Waly AA, El-Ekiaby N, Assal RA, Abdelrahman MM, Hosny KA, El Tayebi HM, Esmat G, Breuhahn K, Abdelaziz AI. Methylation in MIRLET7A3 Gene Induces the Expression of IGF-II and Its mRNA Binding Proteins IGF2BP-2 and 3 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1918. [PMID: 30733684 PMCID: PMC6353855 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-let-7a is a tumor suppressor miRNA with reduced expression in most cancers. Methylation of MIRLET7A3 gene was reported to be the cause of this suppression in several cancers; however, it was not explicitly investigated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed at investigating miR-let-7a expression and molecular mode in HCC, identifying drug-targetable networks, which might be affected by its abundance. Our results illustrated a significant repression of miR-let-7a, which correlated with hypermethylation of its gene of origin MIRLRT7A3. This was further supported by the induction of miR-let-7a expression upon treatment of HCC cells with a DNA-methyltransferase inhibitor. Using a computational approach, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II and IGF-2 mRNA binding proteins (IGF2BP)-2/-3 were identified as potential targets for miR-let-7a that was further confirmed experimentally. Indeed, miR-let-7a mimics diminished IGF-II as well as IGF2BP-2/-3 expression. Direct binding of miR-let-7a to each respective transcript was confirmed using a luciferase reporter assay. In conclusion, this study suggests that DNA hypermethylation leads to epigenetic repression of miR-let-7a in HCC cells, which induces the oncogenic IGF-signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A Waly
- The Molecular Pathology Research Group, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Reem A Assal
- The Molecular Pathology Research Group, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Karim A Hosny
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend M El Tayebi
- The Molecular Pathology Research Group, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal Esmat
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Molecular Hepatopathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed I Abdelaziz
- The Molecular Pathology Research Group, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,School of Medicine, Newgiza University, Cairo, Egypt
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23
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Hu XH, Zhao ZX, Dai J, Geng DC, Xu YZ. MicroRNA-221 regulates osteosarcoma cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion by targeting CDKN1B/p27. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4665-4674. [PMID: 30582227 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miR) are of critical importance in growth and metastasis of cancer cells; however, the underlying functions of miRNAs in osteosarcoma (OS) remain largely unknown. This study was aimed to elucidate the role of miR-221 in regulating the biological behavior of OS cells. The proliferation ability was examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and cell cycle assay. The abilities of cell migration, invasion, and apoptosis were monitored by transwell assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The effect of miR-221 on cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) expression was evaluated by luciferase assays, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis. We found that miR-221 was elevated in OS cell lines compared with the normal osteoblastic cell line. Transfection of the miR-221 inhibitor into MG63 and U-2OS cell lines obviously suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which is accompanied with cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assays indicated that CDKN1B is directly targeted by miR-221 in OS cells. Knockdown of CDKN1B inhibited the effects of miR-221 inhibitor, along with decreased Bax and caspase-3 and increased cyclin E, cyclin D1, Bcl-2, Snail, and Twist1 expression. The results suggested that miR-221 might act as a potentially useful target for treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Ze-Xue Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jian Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - De-Chun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yao-Zeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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24
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Piano MA, Gianesello L, Grassi A, Del Bianco P, Mattiolo A, Cattelan AM, Sasset L, Zanovello P, Calabrò ML. Circulating miRNA-375 as a potential novel biomarker for active Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS patients. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1486-1494. [PMID: 30549196 PMCID: PMC6349189 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) that could be used as biomarkers in patients at risk for or affected by AIDS‐Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Screening of 377 miRNAs was performed using low‐density arrays in pooled plasma samples of 10 HIV/human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)‐infected asymptomatic and 10 AIDS‐KS patients before and after successful combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). MiR‐375 was identified as a potential marker of active KS, being the most down‐regulated in AIDS‐KS patients after cART and the most up‐regulated in naïve AIDS‐KS patients compared to naïve asymptomatic subjects. Validation on individual plasma samples confirmed that miR‐375 levels were higher in AIDS‐KS compared to asymptomatic patients, decreased after cART‐induced remission in most AIDS‐KS patients and increased in patients with active KS. In asymptomatic patients miR‐375 was up‐regulated after cART in both screening and validation. Statistical analyses revealed an association between miR‐375 changes and CD4 cell counts, which could explain the discordant cases and the opposite trend between asymptomatic and AIDS‐KS patients. These data suggest that circulating miR‐375 might be a good indicator of active AIDS‐KS. Moreover, changes in miR‐375 levels may have a prognostic value in HIV/HHV8‐infected patients undergoing treatment. Further large‐scale validation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Assunta Piano
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Lisa Gianesello
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Grassi
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Del Bianco
- Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Adriana Mattiolo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Cattelan
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera and University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lolita Sasset
- Infectious Diseases, ULSS 18 - Azienda Ospedaliera, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Paola Zanovello
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Calabrò
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
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25
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Wang H, Unternaehrer JJ. Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stem Cells: At the Crossroads of Differentiation and Dedifferentiation. Dev Dyn 2018; 248:10-20. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hanmin Wang
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences; Loma Linda University; Loma Linda California
| | - Juli J. Unternaehrer
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences; Loma Linda University; Loma Linda California
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26
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Liu H, Cao B, Zhao Y, Liang H, Liu X. Upregulated miR-221/222 promotes cell proliferation and invasion and is associated with invasive features in retinoblastoma. Cancer Biomark 2018; 22:621-629. [PMID: 29843209 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES MicroRNA (miR-221/222) is frequently overexpressed in many cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. However, the role of miR-221/222 in retinoblastoma (RB) remains unclear. This study aimed to detect the clinical significance of miR-221/222 in RB patients and explore its role in RB cells in vitro. METHODS Expression of miR-221/222 was assessed in fresh RB tissue collected from 64 eyes and normal retinal tissues from 18 unrelated donor cadaver eyes by quantitative real time RT-PCR analysis (qRT-PCR), and correlated with the histopathological findings. Human RB Y79 cells were transfected with miR-221/222 precursors or inhibitors to overexpress or downregulate miR-221/222 expression, respectively, using Lipofectamine 2000 reagent. The biological effects of miR-221/222 were then assessed by cell viability assays, colony formation assays, apoptosis detection assays, Matrigel® invasion assays, and wound-healing assays. RESULTS Higher miR-221/222 expression was detected in RB tissues compared to that of the normal retinal tissues (p< 0.001). Higher miR-221/222 expression was correlated with invasion in patients with RB. Targeting of miR-221/222 induced apoptosis and inhibited Y79 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. However, overexpression of miR-221/222 promoted Y79 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of miR-221/222 was associated with tumor invasiveness in patients with RB. The miR-221/222 cluster might be used as a potential therapeutic strategy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqian Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Linyi, Yishui, Shangdong, China
| | - Bofeng Cao
- Department of Imaging, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
| | - Haijing Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Nuclear medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
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27
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Biology and management of primary effusion lymphoma. Blood 2018; 132:1879-1888. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-03-791426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare B-cell malignancy that most often occurs in immunocompromised patients, such as HIV-infected individuals and patients receiving organ transplantation. The main characteristic of PEL is neoplastic effusions in body cavities without detectable tumor masses. The onset of the disease is associated with latent infection of human herpes virus 8/Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpes virus, and the normal counterpart of tumor cells is B cells with plasmablastic differentiation. A condition of immunodeficiency and a usual absence of CD20 expression lead to the expectation of the lack of efficacy of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody; clinical outcomes of the disease remain extremely poor, with an overall survival at 1 year of ∼30%. Although recent progress in antiretroviral therapy has improved outcomes of HIV-infected patients, its benefit is still limited in patients with PEL. Furthermore, the usual high expression of programmed death ligand 1 in tumor cells, one of the most important immune-checkpoint molecules, results in the immune escape of tumor cells from the host immune defense, which could be the underlying mechanism of poor treatment efficacy. Molecular-targeted therapies for the activating pathways in PEL, including NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT, have emerged to treat this intractable disease. A combination of immunological recovery from immune deficiency, overcoming the immune escape, and the development of more effective drugs will be vital for improving the outcomes of PEL patients in the future.
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28
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Vengoji R, Macha MA, Batra SK, Shonka NA. Natural products: a hope for glioblastoma patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22194-22219. [PMID: 29774132 PMCID: PMC5955138 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive malignant tumors with an overall dismal survival averaging one year despite multimodality therapeutic interventions including surgery, radiotherapy and concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy. Few drugs are FDA approved for GBM, and the addition of temozolomide (TMZ) to standard therapy increases the median survival by only 2.5 months. Targeted therapy appeared promising in in vitro monolayer cultures, but disappointed in preclinical and clinical trials, partly due to the poor penetration of drugs through the blood brain barrier (BBB). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have intrinsic resistance to initial chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and acquire further resistance via deregulation of many signaling pathways. Due to the failure of classical chemotherapies and targeted drugs, research efforts focusing on the use of less toxic agents have increased. Interestingly, multiple natural compounds have shown antitumor and apoptotic effects in TMZ resistant and p53 mutant GBM cell lines and also displayed synergistic effects with TMZ. In this review, we have summarized the current literature on natural products or product analogs used to modulate the BBB permeability, induce cell death, eradicate CSCs and sensitize GBM to CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Muzafar A. Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Nicole A. Shonka
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology and Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
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29
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KSHV oral shedding and plasma viremia result in significant changes in the extracellular tumorigenic miRNA expression profile in individuals infected with the malaria parasite. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192659. [PMID: 29425228 PMCID: PMC5806893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). Both KSHV and HIV infections are endemic in Uganda, where KS is among the most common cancers in HIV-infected individuals. Recent studies examined the use of small RNAs as biomarkers of disease, including microRNAs (miRNAs), with viral and tumor-derived miRNAs being detected in exosomes from individuals with KSHV-associated malignancies. In the current study, the host and viral extracellular mature miRNA expression profiles were analyzed in blood of KS-negative individuals in Uganda, comparing those with or without KSHV detectable from the oropharynx. We observed increased levels of cellular oncogenic miRNAs and decreased levels of tumor-suppressor miRNAs in plasma of infected individuals exhibiting oral KSHV shedding. These changes in host oncomiRs were exacerbated in people co-infected with HIV, and partially reversed after 2 years of anti-retroviral therapy. We also detected KSHV miRNAs in plasma of KSHV infected individuals and determined that their expression levels correlated with KSHV plasma viremia. Deep sequencing revealed an expected profile of small cellular RNAs in plasma, with miRNAs constituting the major RNA biotype. In contrast, the composition of small RNAs in exosomes was highly atypical with high levels of YRNA and low levels of miRNAs. Mass spectrometry analysis of the exosomes revealed eleven different peptides derived from the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, and small RNA sequencing confirmed widespread plasmodium co-infections in the Ugandan cohorts. Proteome analysis indicated an exosomal protein profile consistent with erythrocyte and keratinocyte origins for the plasma exosomes. A strong correlation was observed between the abundance of Plasmodium proteins and cellular markers of malaria. As Plasmodium falciparum is an endemic pathogen in Uganda, our study shows that co-infection with other pathogens, such as KSHV, can severely impact the small RNA repertoire, complicating the use of exosome miRNAs as biomarkers of disease.
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30
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Daniel SG, Russ AD, Guthridge KM, Raina AI, Estes PS, Parsons LM, Richardson HE, Schroeder JA, Zarnescu DC. miR-9a mediates the role of Lethal giant larvae as an epithelial growth inhibitor in Drosophila. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.027391. [PMID: 29361610 PMCID: PMC5829493 DOI: 10.1242/bio.027391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila lethal giant larvae (lgl) encodes a conserved tumor suppressor with established roles in cell polarity, asymmetric division, and proliferation control. Lgl's human orthologs, HUGL1 and HUGL2, are altered in human cancers, however, its mechanistic role as a tumor suppressor remains poorly understood. Based on a previously established connection between Lgl and Fragile X protein (FMRP), a miRNA-associated translational regulator, we hypothesized that Lgl may exert its role as a tumor suppressor by interacting with the miRNA pathway. Consistent with this model, we found that lgl is a dominant modifier of Argonaute1 overexpression in the eye neuroepithelium. Using microarray profiling we identified a core set of ten miRNAs that are altered throughout tumorigenesis in Drosophila lgl mutants. Among these are several miRNAs previously linked to human cancers including miR-9a, which we found to be downregulated in lgl neuroepithelial tissues. To determine whether miR-9a can act as an effector of Lgl in vivo, we overexpressed it in the context of lgl knock-down by RNAi and found it able to reduce the overgrowth phenotype caused by Lgl loss in epithelia. Furthermore, cross-comparisons between miRNA and mRNA profiling in lgl mutant tissues and human breast cancer cells identified thrombospondin (tsp) as a common factor altered in both fly and human breast cancer tumorigenesis models. Our work provides the first evidence of a functional connection between Lgl and the miRNA pathway, demonstrates that miR-9a mediates Lgl's role in restricting epithelial proliferation, and provides novel insights into pathways controlled by Lgl during tumor progression. Summary: Mir-9a overexpression can suppress the overgrowth phenotype caused by Lgl knock-down in epithelia. Gene profiling identifies pathways dysregulated in lgl mutants and shared features between flies and human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott G Daniel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Atlantis D Russ
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Genetics Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Kathryn M Guthridge
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ammad I Raina
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Patricia S Estes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Linda M Parsons
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Helena E Richardson
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Joyce A Schroeder
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Genetics Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Daniela C Zarnescu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA .,Genetics Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Wu XJ, Zhao ZF, Kang XJ, Wang HJ, Zhao J, Pu XM. MicroRNA-126-3p suppresses cell proliferation by targeting PIK3R2 in Kaposi's sarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:36614-36621. [PMID: 27191494 PMCID: PMC5095025 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma is a highly vascular tumor of lymphatic endothelial origin. Many deregulated miRNAs, including miR-126-3p, have been identified in Kaposi's sarcoma tissues. miR-126-3p is the most highly endothelial-specific miRNA that regulates vascular integrity and angiogenesis. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of miR-126-3p on Kaposi's sarcoma cells through transfection of a miRNA mimic and inhibitor. Moreover, we searched the target gene (PIK3R2) of miR-126-3p using bioinformatics software and further verified PIK3R2 using luciferase reporter assays, Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The results demonstrated that miR-126-3p inhibited cell proliferation, arrested cell cycle progression, induced cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell invasion of SLK cells. The bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay revealed that PIK3R2 mRNA is a direct target of miR-126-3p. Moreover, the level of expression of the PIK3R2 gene was downregulated in SLK cells transfected with miR-126-3p siRNAs. Therefore, our data demonstrated that miR-126-3p is a tumor suppressor miRNA that acts by targeting PIK3R2 in Kaposi's sarcoma cells. These findings contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Kaposi's sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Juan Wu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zong-Feng Zhao
- Clinical Medical Research Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Kang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hong-Juan Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiong-Ming Pu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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32
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Role of miRNAs in development and disease: Lessons learnt from small organisms. Life Sci 2017; 185:8-14. [PMID: 28728902 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of small (18-22 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and many other small organisms have been instrumental in deciphering the biological functions of miRNAs. While some miRNAs from small organisms are highly conserved across the taxa, others are organism specific. The miRNAs are known to play a crucial role during development and in various cellular functions such as cell survival, cell proliferation, and differentiation. The miRNAs associated with fragile X syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, cancer, malaria, infectious diseases and several other human diseases have been identified from small organisms. These organisms have been used as platforms in deciphering the functions of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of human diseases and to study miRNA biogenesis. Small organisms have also been used in the development of miRNA-based diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies. The molecular techniques such as genome sequencing, northern blot analysis, and quantitative RT-PCR, have been used in deciphering the functions of miRNAs in small organisms. How miRNAs from small organisms especially those from Drosophila and C. elegans regulate development and disease pathogenesis is the focus of this review. The outstanding questions raised by our current understanding are discussed.
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33
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Li J, Li Q, Huang H, Li Y, Li L, Hou W, You Z. Overexpression of miRNA-221 promotes cell proliferation by targeting the apoptotic protease activating factor-1 and indicates a poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1087-1096. [PMID: 28350128 PMCID: PMC5363885 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding, endogenous RNAs involved in cancer development and progression. MicroRNA-221 (mir-221) has been reported to have both an oncogenic and tumor-suppressive role in human tumors, but the role of miR-221 in ovarian cancer is poorly understood. In the present study, the expression levels of miR-221 and the apoptosis protease activating factor 1 (APAF1) protein in 63 samples of ovarian cancer tissues and the cell lines, IOSE25, A2780, OVCAR3, SKOV3 and 3AO were detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. Cell proliferation was measured using Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8); cell migration and invasion were detected using a Transwell assay; cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry and Hoechst staining, and a luciferase assay was performed to verify a putative target site of miR-221 in the 3′-UTR of APAF1 mRNA. Expression of miR-221 was upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues. Patients with increased miR-221 expression levels had a reduced disease-free survival (P=0.0014) and overall survival (P=0.0058) compared with those with low miR-221 expression. Transfection of SKOV3 and A2780 cell lines with miR-221 inhibitor induced APAF1 protein expression, suppressed cell proliferation and migration and promoted tumor cell apoptosis. In conclusion, the APAF1 gene was confirmed as a direct target of miR-221 and overexpression of APAF1 suppressed ovarian cancer cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. These findings indicate that miR-221-APAF1 should be studied further as a potential new diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yinguang Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Hou
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zeshan You
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Li S, Bai L, Dong J, Sun R, Lan K. Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: Epidemiology and Molecular Biology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1018:91-127. [PMID: 29052134 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5765-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), is a member of the lymphotropic gammaherpesvirus subfamily and a human oncogenic virus. Since its discovery in AIDS-associated KS tissues by Drs. Yuan Chang and Patrick Moore, much progress has been made in the past two decades. There are four types of KS including classic KS, endemic KS, immunosuppressive therapy-related KS, and AIDS-associated KS. In addition to KS, KSHV is also involved in the development of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and certain types of multicentric Castleman's disease. KSHV manipulates numerous viral proteins to promote the progression of angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. In this chapter, we review the epidemiology and molecular biology of KSHV and the mechanisms underlying KSHV-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Mirsafian H, Ripen AM, Manaharan T, Mohamad SB, Merican AF. Toward a Reference Gene Catalog of Human Primary Monocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 20:627-634. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2016.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Mirsafian
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adiratna Mat Ripen
- Allergy and Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thamilvaani Manaharan
- Centre of Research for Computational Sciences and Informatics in Biology, Bioindustry, Environment, Agriculture and Healthcare (CRYSTAL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saharuddin Bin Mohamad
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre of Research for Computational Sciences and Informatics in Biology, Bioindustry, Environment, Agriculture and Healthcare (CRYSTAL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amir Feisal Merican
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre of Research for Computational Sciences and Informatics in Biology, Bioindustry, Environment, Agriculture and Healthcare (CRYSTAL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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36
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Ma Z, Ma Y, Xia Q, Li Y, Li R, Chang W, Chen J, Leng Z, Tao K. MicroRNA-155 expression inversely correlates with pathologic stage of gastric cancer and it inhibits gastric cancer cell growth by targeting cyclin D1. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:1201-12. [PMID: 26955820 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MicroRNAs (miRs) have been frequently reported dysregulating in tumors and playing a crucial role in tumor development and progression. However, the expression of miR-155 and its role in gastric cancer (GC) are still obscure. METHODS qRT-PCR was applied to detect miR-155 expression in 60 matched GC samples and four GC cell lines, and the relationship between miR-155 levels and clinicopathological features of GC was analyzed. Next, the effects of miR-155 on GC cell growth were evaluated by gain- and loss-of-function analysis. Finally, the target gene(s) of miR-155 in GC cells were explored. RESULTS Our results revealed that miR-155 levels were significantly lower in both GC tissues and GC cell lines than in their normal controls, and its expression inversely correlated with tumor size and the pathologic stage. Moreover, our study showed that enforced expression of miR-155 impaired GC cell proliferation, promoted G1 phase arrest and induced apoptosis in vitro. In addition, we identified cyclin D1 as the direct target of miR-155, and knockdown of cyclin D1 partially phenocopied the role of miR-155 in GC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that miR-155 may act as a potential diagnostic marker for early-stage GC and may represent a novel therapeutic target for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yulan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Qinghua Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ruidong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Weilong Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jinhuang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhengwei Leng
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Shao T, Zhao Z, Wu A, Bai J, Li Y, Chen H, Jiang C, Wang Y, Li S, Wang L, Zhang F, Xu J, Li X. Functional dissection of virus-human crosstalk mediated by miRNAs based on the VmiReg database. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 11:1319-28. [PMID: 25787233 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00095e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a number of viruses have been shown to encode microRNAs (miRNAs), and they play important roles in several biological processes, enhancing the intricacies of the virus-host crosstalk. However, systematically deciphering the characteristics of crosstalk mediated by viral and human miRNAs has been hampered by the lack of high-confidence targets. Here, a user-friendly platform is developed to provide experimentally validated and predicted target genes of viral miRNAs as well as their functions, named VmiReg. To explore the virus-human crosstalk meditated by miRNAs, validated human cellular targets of viral and cellular miRNAs are analyzed. As a result, target genes of viral miRNAs are prone to be silenced by human miRNAs. Two kinds of targets have globally significantly high functional similarities and are more often found simultaneously in many important biological functions, even in disease genes, particularly cancer genes, and essential genes. In addition, viral and human miRNA targets are in close proximity within the protein-protein interaction network, indicating frequent communication via physical interactions to participate in the same functions. Finally, multiple dense modules intuitively exhibit crosstalk between viral and cellular miRNAs. Furthermore, most co-regulated genes tend to be in important locations of modules. The lymphoma-related module is one of the typical examples. Our study suggests that the functional importance of cellular genes targeted by viral miRNAs and the intricate virus-host crosstalk mediated by miRNAs may be performed via the sharing of target genes or physical interactions, providing a new direction in further researching the roles of miRNAs in infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Shao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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Chang HC, Hsieh TH, Lee YW, Tsai CF, Tsai YN, Cheng CC, Wang HW. c-Myc and viral cofactor Kaposin B co-operate to elicit angiogenesis through modulating miRNome traits of endothelial cells. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016; 10 Suppl 1:1. [PMID: 26817819 PMCID: PMC4895700 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-015-0242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as master regulators of angiogenesis and other cancer-related events. Discovering new angiogenesis-regulating microRNAs (angiomiRs) will eventually help in developing new therapeutic strategies for tumor angiogenesis and cardiovascular diseases. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), which is induced by the etiological infectious agent KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), is a peculiar neoplasm that expresses both blood and lymphatic endothelial markers and possesses extensive neovasculature. Using KSHV and its proteins as baits will be an efficient way to discover new angiomiRs in endothelial cells. Kaposin B is one of the latent viral genes and is expressed in all KSHV tumor cells. Since Kaposin B is a nuclear protein with no DNA-binding domain, it may regulate gene expression by incorporating itself into a transcription complex. RESULTS We demonstrated that c-Myc and Kaposin B form a transcription complex and bind to the miR-221/-222 promoter, thereby affecting their expression and anti-angiogenic ability. By small RNA sequencing (smRNA-Seq), we revealed that 72.1% (173/240) of Kaposin B up-regulated and 46.5% (113/243) of Kaposin B down-regulated known miRNAs were regulated by c-Myc. We also found that 77 novel miRNA were up-regulated and 28 novel miRNAs were down-regulated in cells expressing both c-Myc and Kaposin B compared with cells expressing Kaposin B only. The result was confirmed by RNA-IP-seq data. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies known and novel c-Myc-regulated microRNAs and reveals that a c-Myc-oriented program is coordinated by Kaposin B in KSHV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chuan Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Han Hsieh
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Wei Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Fong Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ni Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chung Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsei-Wei Wang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,VGH-YM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Tiwari P, Sahay S, Pandey M, Qadri SSYH, Gupta KP. Preventive effects of butyric acid, nicotinamide, calcium glucarate alone or in combination during the 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene induced mouse skin tumorigenesis via modulation of K-Ras-PI3K-AKTpathway and associated micro RNAs. Biochimie 2015; 121:112-22. [PMID: 26655363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is among the most common cancers worldwide and identifiable molecular changes for early and late stage of skin tumorigenesis can suggest the better targets for its control. In this study, we investigated the status of K-Ras-PI3K-AKTpathway followed by NF-κB, cyclin D1, MMP-9 and regulatory micro RNA during 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced mouse skin tumorigenesis and its prevention by butyric acid (BA), nicotinamide (NA) and calcium glucarate (CAG), individually or in combination with respect to time. DMBA upregulated the K-Ras, PI3K, Akt, NF-κB, cyclin D1 and MMP-9, but downregulated the PTEN in a time dependent manner. DMBA also reduced the levels of micoRNA let-7a but induced the levels of miR-21 and miR-20a as a function of time. BA, NA and CAG were found to prevent DMBA induced changes, but they were most effective when used together in a combination. Reduced let-7a and miR-211 were correlated with the overexpression of K-Ras and MMP-9. Overexpression of miR-21 and miR-20a was correlated with the down regulation of PTEN and overexpression of Cyclin D1. Collectively, the enhanced chemopreventive potential of natural compound in combination via regulation of K-Ras-PI3K-AKTpathway along with regulatory micro RNAs provide a newer and effective mean for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Tiwari
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; PhD Programme, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Satya Sahay
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; PhD Programme, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Manuraj Pandey
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Syed S Y H Qadri
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Krishna P Gupta
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
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Lee H, Han S, Kwon CS, Lee D. Biogenesis and regulation of the let-7 miRNAs and their functional implications. Protein Cell 2015; 7:100-13. [PMID: 26399619 PMCID: PMC4742387 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-015-0212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The let-7 miRNA was one of the first miRNAs discovered in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, and its biological functions show a high level of evolutionary conservation from the nematode to the human. Unlike in C. elegans, higher animals have multiple isoforms of let-7 miRNAs; these isoforms share a consensus sequence called the ‘seed sequence’ and these isoforms are categorized into let-7 miRNA family. The expression of let-7 family is required for developmental timing and tumor suppressor function, but must be suppressed for the self-renewal of stem cells. Therefore, let-7 miRNA biogenesis must be carefully controlled. To generate a let-7 miRNA, a primary transcript is produced by RNA polymerase II and then subsequently processed by Drosha/DGCR8, TUTase, and Dicer. Because dysregulation of let-7 processing is deleterious, biogenesis of let-7 is tightly regulated by cellular factors, such as the RNA binding proteins, LIN28A/B and DIS3L2. In this review, we discuss the biological functions and biogenesis of let-7 miRNAs, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of regulation of let-7 biogenesis in vertebrates, such as the mouse and the human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosuk Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Sungwook Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Chang Seob Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Korea Science Academy of KAIST, Busan, 614-822, Korea
| | - Daeyoup Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea.
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Tan X, Gao Y, Nan Y, Zhang J, Di C, Wang X, Lian F, Cao Y, Hu Y, Xu L, Ma H, Hong Y, Liu T, Wu Y, Xu X, Yan Y, Yang L. Cellular MicroRNA Let-7a Suppresses KSHV Replication through Targeting MAP4K4 Signaling Pathways. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26197270 PMCID: PMC4511191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of KS, the most common AIDS-related malignancy. The majority of KS tumor cells harbor latent KSHV virus but only a small percentage undergoes spontaneous lytic replication. Viral reactivation from latency is crucial for the pathogenesis and development of KS, but the cellular mechanisms underlying the switch between viral latency and replication are not well understood. Methods The level of let-7 miRNAs and MAP4K4 in KSHV infected 293T cells were quantified by real-time PCRs. Let-7 expression was silenced by the miRNA sponge technique. In let-7a transfected 293T cells, the expression of MAP4K4 was measured by real-time PCR and western blot. Luciferease expression was employed to examine the effect of let-7a on the 3’-untranslated region (UTR) of the MAP4K4 gene in 293T cells. Real-time PCR was used to quantify the KSHV copy numbers in BC-3 cells in which the expression of let-7a and/or MAP4K4 were altered. Finally, ERK, JNK and p38 protein production and their phosphorylation status were detected by western blots in let-7a or MAP4K4 transfected BCBL-1 cells. Results The expression of microRNA let-7 was dramatically decreased in KSHV infected 293T cells, but that of MAP4K4 was increased significantly. Let-7a is physically associated with and targets the MAP4K4 3’UTR, and inhibits MAP4K4 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. MAP4K4 stimulates KSHV reactivation from latency, whereas let-7a inhibits the function of MAP4K4 by reversing the function of MAP4K4 on JNK, phospho-JNK and phospho-ERK1/2 levels. Conclusion Our results establish that let-7a specifically suppresses MAP4K4 expression, and further inhibits KSHV reactivation by interfering with the function of MAP4K4 on the MAPK pathway, highlighting let-7a as a potential treatment for KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Tan
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yulong Nan
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinxia Zhang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunhong Di
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuzhi Lian
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifei Cao
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Hu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangwen Xu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Hong
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingjie Liu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinyin Wu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianrong Xu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yutao Yan
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
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Viollet C, Davis DA, Reczko M, Ziegelbauer JM, Pezzella F, Ragoussis J, Yarchoan R. Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis Reveals Differential Expression Profiles of MiRNA-mRNA Target Pairs in KSHV-Infected Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126439. [PMID: 25942495 PMCID: PMC4420468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) causes several tumors, including primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Cellular and viral microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play important roles in regulating gene expression. A better knowledge of the miRNA-mediated pathways affected by KSHV infection is therefore important for understanding viral infection and tumor pathogenesis. In this study, we used deep sequencing to analyze miRNA and cellular mRNA expression in a cell line with latent KSHV infection (SLKK) as compared to the uninfected SLK line. This approach revealed 153 differentially expressed human miRNAs, eight of which were independently confirmed by qRT-PCR. KSHV infection led to the dysregulation of ~15% of the human miRNA pool and most of these cellular miRNAs were down-regulated, including nearly all members of the 14q32 miRNA cluster, a genomic locus linked to cancer and that is deleted in a number of PEL cell lines. Furthermore, we identified 48 miRNAs that were associated with a total of 1,117 predicted or experimentally validated target mRNAs; of these mRNAs, a majority (73%) were inversely correlated to expression changes of their respective miRNAs, suggesting miRNA-mediated silencing mechanisms were involved in a number of these alterations. Several dysregulated miRNA-mRNA pairs may facilitate KSHV infection or tumor formation, such as up-regulated miR-708-5p, associated with a decrease in pro-apoptotic caspase-2 and leukemia inhibitory factor LIF, or down-regulated miR-409-5p, associated with an increase in the p53-inhibitor MDM2. Transfection of miRNA mimics provided further evidence that changes in miRNAs are driving some observed mRNA changes. Using filtered datasets, we also identified several canonical pathways that were significantly enriched in differentially expressed miRNA-mRNA pairs, such as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the interleukin-8 signaling pathways. Overall, our data provide a more detailed understanding of KSHV latency and guide further studies of the biological significance of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Viollet
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Davis
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Martin Reczko
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center, Vari, Greece
| | - Joseph M. Ziegelbauer
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Francesco Pezzella
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center, Vari, Greece
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Canada
- * E-mail: (JR); (RY)
| | - Robert Yarchoan
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JR); (RY)
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Tezcan G, Tunca B, Bekar A, Yalcin M, Sahin S, Budak F, Cecener G, Egeli U, Demir C, Guvenc G, Yilmaz G, Erkan LG, Malyer H, Taskapilioglu MO, Evrensel T, Bilir A. Ficus carica latex prevents invasion through induction of let-7d expression in GBM cell lines. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 35:175-87. [PMID: 25212824 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the deadliest human malignancies. A cure for GBM remains elusive, and the overall survival time is less than 1 year. Thus, the development of more efficient therapeutic approaches for the treatment of these patients is required. Induction of tumor cell death by certain phytochemicals derived from medicinal herbs and dietary plants has become a new frontier for cancer therapy research. Although the cancer suppressive effect of Ficus carica (fig) latex (FCL) has been determined in a few cancer types, the effect of this latex on GBM tumors has not been investigated. Therefore, in the current study, the anti-proliferative activity of FCL and the effect of the FCL-temozolomide (TMZ) combination were tested in the T98G, U-138 MG, and U-87 MG GBM cell lines using the WST-1 assay. The mechanism of cell death was analyzed using Annexin-V/FITC and TUNEL assays, and the effect of FCL on invasion was tested using the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. To determine the effect of FCL on GBM progression, the expression levels of 40 GBM associated miRNAs were analyzed in T98G cells using RT-qPCR. According to the obtained data, FCL causes cell death in GBM cells with different responses to TMZ, and this effect is synergistically increased in combination with TMZ. In addition, the current study is the first to demonstrate the effect of FCL on modulation of let-7d expression, which may be an important underlying mechanism of the anti-invasive effect of this extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcin Tezcan
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Yamashita R, Sato M, Kakumu T, Hase T, Yogo N, Maruyama E, Sekido Y, Kondo M, Hasegawa Y. Growth inhibitory effects of miR-221 and miR-222 in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Med 2015; 4:551-64. [PMID: 25641933 PMCID: PMC4402070 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Both pro- and anti-oncogenic roles of miR-221 and miR-222 microRNAs are reported in several types of human cancers. A previous study suggested their oncogenic role in invasiveness in lung cancer, albeit only one cell line (H460) was used. To further evaluate involvement of miR-221 and miR-222 in lung cancer, we investigated the effects of miR-221 and miR-222 overexpression on six lung cancer cell lines, including H460, as well as one immortalized normal human bronchial epithelial cell line, HBEC4. miR-221 and miR-222 induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like changes in a minority of HBEC4 cells but, unexpectedly, both the microRNAs rather suppressed their invasiveness. Consistent with the prior report, miR-221 and miR-222 promoted growth in H460; however, miR-221 suppressed growth in four other cell lines with no effects in one, and miR-222 suppressed growth in three cell lines but promoted growth in two. These are the first results to show tumor-suppressive effects of miR-221 and miR-222 in lung cancer cells, and we focused on clarifying the mechanisms. Cell cycle and apoptosis analyses revealed that growth suppression by miR-221 and miR-222 occurred through intra-S-phase arrest and/or apoptosis. Finally, lung cancer cell lines transfected with miR-221 or miR-222 became more sensitive to the S-phase targeting drugs, possibly due to an increased S-phase population. In conclusion, our data are the first to show tumor-suppressive effects of miR-221 and miR-222 on lung cancer, warranting testing their potential as therapeutics for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yamashita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs that have been found highly conserved among species. MiRNAs are able to negatively regulate gene expression through base pairing of 3' UTRs of their target genes. Therefore, miRNAs have been shown to play an important role in regulating various cellular activities. Over the past decade, substantial evidences have been obtained to show that miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in human malignancies and could act as "OncomiRs" or "Tumor suppressor miRs". In recent years, increasing number of studies have demonstrated the involvement of miRNAs in cancer metastasis. Many studies have shown that microRNAs could directly target genes playing a central role in epithelia-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), a cellular transformation process that allows cancer cells to acquire motility and invasiveness. EMT is considered an essential step driving the early phase of cancer metastasis. This review will summarize the recent findings and characterization of miRNAs that are involved in the regulation of EMT, migration, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Lastly, we will discuss potential use of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsuan Chan
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Lu-Hai Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.
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Qin Z, Peruzzi F, Reiss K, Dai L. Role of host microRNAs in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus pathogenesis. Viruses 2014; 6:4571-80. [PMID: 25421888 PMCID: PMC4246238 DOI: 10.3390/v6114571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA species that can bind to both untranslated and coding regions of target mRNAs, causing their degradation or post-transcriptional modification. Currently, over 2500 miRNAs have been identified in the human genome. Burgeoning evidence suggests that dysregulation of human miRNAs can play a role in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including cancer. In contrast, only a small subset of human miRNAs has been functionally validated in the pathogenesis of oncogenic viruses, in particular, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KSHV is the etiologic agent of several human cancers, such as primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), which are mostly seen in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients or other immuno-suppressed subpopulation. This review summarizes recent literature outlining mechanisms for KSHV/viral proteins regulation of cellular miRNAs contributing to viral pathogenesis, as well as recent findings about the unique signature of miRNAs induced by KSHV infection or KSHV-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Qin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Neurological Cancer Research, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- Neurological Cancer Research, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Lu Dai
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China.
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The expression profiles of microRNAs in Kaposi's sarcoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:437-46. [PMID: 25266797 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a multicentric angioproliferative tumor of mesenchymal origin. The molecular and biologic aspects of KS are not fully understood. MicroRNAs are non-protein-coding small RNAs in the size range 19-25 nucleotides (nt) that play important roles in biological processes, including cellular differentiation, proliferation, and death. We performed a miRNA microarray analysis by detecting six paired KS and matched adjacent healthy tissues using the 7th generation of miRCURY(TM) LNA Array (v.18.0) (Exiqon) containing 3100 capture probes. We selected 10 significant differentially expressed miRNAs, which were confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in 18 paired KS and matched adjacent healthy tissue specimens. We also investigated the associations between clinical features and miRNA expression. Among the 3100 human miRNA probes in the microarrays, we identified 170 differentially expressed miRNAs (69 upregulated and 101 downregulated miRNAs) in KS versus adjacent healthy tissues. Among the most significantly upregulated miRNAs were miR-126-3p, miR-199a-3p, miR-16-5p, and the 13 KSHV-related miRNAs. The most significantly downregulated miRNAs included miR-125b-1-3p and miR-1183. Eight upregulated miRNAs, miR-181b-5p, miR-199a-3p, miR-15a-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-1297, kshv-miR-k12-12-3p, kshv-miR-k12-1-5p, and miR-16-5p, and two downregulated miRNAs, miR-125b-1-3p and miR-1183, were confirmed by qRT-PCR in 18 paired KS samples. The qRT-PCR results for 10 miRNAs were consistent with our microarray results. The miR-125b-1-3p and miR-16-5p had statistically significant associations with HHV-8 and HIV infections in KS. The results of miRNA profiling showed that KS appears to have unique expression patterns when compared with paired adjacent healthy tissues, suggesting that deregulation of miRNAs plays an important role in the progression of KS. These differentially expressed miRNAs may provide novel diagnostic and prognostic tools.
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Zhang J, Wang S, Lu L, Wei G. MiR99a modulates MMP7 and MMP13 to regulate invasiveness of Kaposi’s sarcoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:12567-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Chugh PE, Damania BA, Dittmer DP. Toll-like receptor-3 is dispensable for the innate microRNA response to West Nile virus (WNV). PLoS One 2014; 9:e104770. [PMID: 25127040 PMCID: PMC4134228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response to West Nile virus (WNV) infection involves recognition through toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), leading to establishment of an antiviral state. MiRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be reliable biomarkers of TLR activation. Here, we sought to evaluate the contribution of TLR3 and miRNAs to the host response to WNV infection. We first analyzed HEK293-NULL and HEK293-TLR3 cells for changes in the innate immune response to infection. The presence of TLR3 did not seem to affect WNV load, infectivity or phosphorylation of IRF3. Analysis of experimentally validated NFκB-responsive genes revealed a WNV-induced signature largely independent of TLR3. Since miRNAs are involved in viral pathogenesis and the innate response to infection, we sought to identify changes in miRNA expression upon infection in the presence or absence of TLR3. MiRNA profiling revealed 70 miRNAs induced following WNV infection in a TLR3-independent manner. Further analysis of predicted gene targets of WNV signature miRNAs revealed genes highly associated with pathways regulating cell death, viral pathogenesis and immune cell trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline E. Chugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Blossom A. Damania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dirk P. Dittmer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Fujiwara T, Kunisada T, Takeda K, Uotani K, Yoshida A, Ochiya T, Ozaki T. MicroRNAs in soft tissue sarcomas: overview of the accumulating evidence and importance as novel biomarkers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:592868. [PMID: 25165708 PMCID: PMC4139009 DOI: 10.1155/2014/592868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas are distinctly heterogeneous tumors and a variety of subtypes have been described. Although several diagnostic explorations in the past three decades, such as identification of chromosomal translocation, have greatly improved the diagnosis of soft tissue sarcomas, the unsolved issues, including the limited useful biomarkers, remain. Emerging reports on miRNAs in soft tissue sarcomas have provided clues to solving these problems. Evidence of circulating miRNAs in patients with soft tissue sarcomas and healthy individuals has been accumulated and is accelerating their potential to develop into clinical applications. Moreover, miRNAs that function as novel prognostic factors have been identified, thereby facilitating their use in miRNA-targeted therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on miRNA deregulation in soft tissue sarcomas, and discuss their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Fujiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 7008558, Japan
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kunisada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 7008558, Japan
- Department of Medical Materials for Musculoskeletal Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Ken Takeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 7008558, Japan
- Department of Intelligent Orthopaedic System, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Koji Uotani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Aki Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 1040045, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 7008558, Japan
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