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Yuan W, Hou S, Jia H, Qiu Z, Liu T, Chen X, Li H, Sun Y, Liang L, Sui X, Zhao X, Zhao Z. Ketotifen fumarate attenuates feline gingivitis related with gingival microenvironment modulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:159-173. [PMID: 30316074 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gingivitis is evidenced by inflammation of the free gingiva, and still reversible. If left untreated, it may then progress to periodontitis. In the present study, the therapeutical effect of ketotifen fumarate on gingivitis was explored. Domestic cats with varying degrees of gingivitis naturally were enrolled in this study. Subgroups of animals were treated twice daily for one week with or without ketotifen fumarate (5 mg/kg). Effects of ketotifen fumarate were measured on gingival index, cells accumulation, mediators release, receptor-ligand interaction, oxidative stress, MAPK and NF-κB pathways, epithelial barrier and apoptosis. Ketotifen fumarate attenuated the initiation and progression of gingivitis, inhibited the infiltrations of mast cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils as well as the release of IgE, β-hexosaminidase, tryptase, chymase, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-13, influenced endothelial cells, fibroblasts and epithelial cells proliferation and apoptosis, and induced Th2 cells polarization, where ketotifen fumarate also might affect their interactions. Ketotifen fumarate reduced the oxidative stress, and inhibited NF-κB and p38 MAPK related with mast cells and macrophages accumulation. Ketotifen fumarate improved the aberrant expression of ZO-1 and inhibits the following apoptosis. On the other hand, these cells and mediators augmented functional attributes of them involving SCF/c-Kit, α4β7/VCAM-1 and IL-8/IL-8RB interactions, thus creating a positive feedback loop to perpetuate gingivitis, where an inflammation microenvironment was modeled. Our results showed a previously unexplored therapeutic potential of ketotifen fumarate for gingivitis and further suggest that, in addition to biofilms, targeting inflammation microenvironment could be new strategy for the treatment of gingivitis/periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Yuan
- Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Hou
- Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jia
- Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhao Qiu
- Meilianzhonghe Animal Hospital, Beijing 100077, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinsheng Chen
- Animal Hospital, Shanghai Wild Animal Park, Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Luoyang Animal Husbandry Station, Luoyang 471002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchen Sun
- Yichongtang Animal Hospital, Zhengzhou 450016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liang
- Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiukun Sui
- Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghui Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhanzhong Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Apoptotic resistance of human skin mast cells is mediated by Mcl-1. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17048. [PMID: 28845295 PMCID: PMC5563844 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are major effector cells of allergic reactions and contribute to multiple other pathophysiological processes. MCs are long-lived in the tissue microenvironment, in which they matured, but it remains ill-defined how longevity is established by the natural habitat, as research on human MCs chiefly employs cells generated and expanded in culture. In this study, we report that naturally differentiated skin MCs exhibit substantial resilience to cell death with considerable portions surviving up to 3 days in the complete absence of growth factors (GF). This was evidenced by kinetic resolution of membrane alterations (Annexin-V, YoPro), DNA degradation (propidium iodide), mitochondrial membrane disruption (Depsipher), and Caspase-3 activity. Because of the high basal survival, further protection by SCF was modest. Conversely, survival was severely compromised by staurosporine, implying functional caspase machinery. Contrary to the resistance of freshly purified MCs, their culture-expanded counterpart readily underwent cell death upon GF deprivation. Searching for the molecular underpinnings explaining the difference, we identified Mcl-1 as a critical protector. In fact, silencing Mcl-1 by RNAi led to impaired survival in skin MCs ex vivo, but not their cultured equivalent. Therefore, MCs matured in the skin have not only higher expression of Mcl-1 than proliferating MCs, but also greater reliance on Mcl-1 for their survival. Collectively, we report that human skin MCs display low susceptibility to cell death through vast expression of Mcl-1, which protects from mortality and may contribute to MC longevity in the tissue.
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DeBruin EJ, Gold M, Lo BC, Snyder K, Cait A, Lasic N, Lopez M, McNagny KM, Hughes MR. Mast cells in human health and disease. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1220:93-119. [PMID: 25388247 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1568-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are primarily known for their role in defense against pathogens, particularly bacteria; neutralization of venom toxins; and for triggering allergic responses and anaphylaxis. In addition to these direct effector functions, activated mast cells rapidly recruit other innate and adaptive immune cells and can participate in "tuning" the immune response. In this review we touch briefly on these important functions and then focus on some of the less-appreciated roles of mast cells in human disease including cancer, autoimmune inflammation, organ transplant, and fibrosis. Although it is difficult to formally assign causal roles to mast cells in human disease, we offer a general review of data that correlate the presence and activation of mast cells with exacerbated inflammation and disease progression. Conversely, in some restricted contexts, mast cells may offer protective roles. For example, the presence of mast cells in some malignant or cardiovascular diseases is associated with favorable prognosis. In these cases, specific localization of mast cells within the tissue and whether they express chymase or tryptase (or both) are diagnostically important considerations. Finally, we review experimental animal models that imply a causal role for mast cells in disease and discuss important caveats and controversies of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J DeBruin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, The Biomedical Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Derebail VK, Lacson EK, Kshirsagar AV, Key NS, Hogan SL, Hakim RM, Mooney A, Jani CM, Johnson C, Hu Y, Falk RJ, Lazarus JM. Sickle trait in African-American hemodialysis patients and higher erythropoiesis-stimulating agent dose. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:819-26. [PMID: 24459231 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013060575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
African Americans require higher doses of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) during dialysis to manage anemia, but the influence of sickle cell trait and other hemoglobinopathy traits on anemia in dialysis patients has not been adequately evaluated. We performed a cross-sectional study of a large cohort of adult African-American hemodialysis patients in the United States to determine the prevalence of hemoglobinopathy traits and quantify their influence on ESA dosing. Laboratory and clinical data were obtained over 6 months in 2011. Among 5319 African-American patients, 542 (10.2%) patients had sickle cell trait, and 129 (2.4%) patients had hemoglobin C trait; no other hemoglobinopathy traits were present. Sickle cell trait was more common in this cohort than the general African-American population (10.2% versus 6.5%-8.7%, respectively, P<0.05). Among 5002 patients (10.3% sickle cell trait and 2.4% hemoglobin C trait) receiving ESAs, demographic and clinical variables were similar across groups, with achieved hemoglobin levels being nearly identical. Patients with hemoglobinopathy traits received higher median doses of ESA than patients with normal hemoglobin (4737.4 versus 4364.1 units/treatment, respectively, P=0.02). In multivariable analyses, hemoglobinopathy traits associated with 13.2% more ESA per treatment (P=0.001). Within subgroups, sickle cell trait patients received 13.2% (P=0.003) higher dose and hemoglobin C trait patients exhibited a similar difference (12.9%, P=0.12). Sensitivity analyses using weight-based dosing definitions and separate logistic regression models showed comparable associations. Our findings suggest that the presence of sickle cell trait and hemoglobin C trait may explain, at least in part, prior observations of greater ESA doses administered to African-American dialysis patients relative to Caucasian patients.
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Lu Y, Son JK, Chang HW. Saucerneol F, a New Lignan Isolated from Saururus chinensis, Attenuates Degranulation via Phospholipase Cγ 1 Inhibition and Eicosanoid Generation by Suppressing MAP Kinases in Mast Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 20:526-31. [PMID: 24009845 PMCID: PMC3762291 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.6.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
During our on-going studies to identify bioactive compounds in medicinal herbs, we found that saucerneol F (SF), a naturally occurring sesquilignan isolated from Saururus chinensis (S. chinensis), showed in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, we examined the effects of SF on the generation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) dependent leukotriene C4 (LTC4), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dependent prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), and on phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1)-mediated degranulation in SCF-induced mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). SF inhibited eicosanoid (PGD2 and LTC4) generation and degranulation dose-dependently. To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibition of eicosanoid generation and degranulation by SF, we examined the effects of SF on the phosphorylation of PLCγ1, intracellular Ca2+ influx, the translocation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and 5-LO, and on the phosphorylation of MAP kinases (MAPKs). SF was found to reduce intracellular Ca2+ influx by inhibiting PLCγ1 phosphorylation and suppressing the nuclear translocations of cPLA2 and 5-LO via the phosphorylations of MAPKs, including extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. Taken together, these results suggest that SF may be useful for regulating mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses by inhibiting degranulation and eicosanoid generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
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D'allard D, Gay J, Descarpentries C, Frisan E, Adam K, Verdier F, Floquet C, Dubreuil P, Lacombe C, Fontenay M, Mayeux P, Kosmider O. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors induce down-regulation of c-Kit by targeting the ATP pocket. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60961. [PMID: 23637779 PMCID: PMC3634048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem cell factor receptor (SCF) c-Kit plays a pivotal role in regulating cell proliferation and survival in many cell types. In particular, c-Kit is required for early amplification of erythroid progenitors, while it must disappear from cell surface for the cell entering the final steps of maturation in an erythropoietin-dependent manner. We initially observed that imatinib (IM), an inhibitor targeting the tyrosine kinase activity of c-Kit concomitantly down-regulated the expression of c-Kit and accelerated the Epo-driven differentiation of erythroblasts in the absence of SCF. We investigated the mechanism by which IM or related masitinib (MA) induce c-Kit down-regulation in the human UT-7/Epo cell line. We found that the down-regulation of c-Kit in the presence of IM or MA was inhibited by a pre-incubation with methyl-β-cyclodextrin suggesting that c-Kit was internalized in the absence of ligand. By contrast to SCF, the internalization induced by TKI was independent of the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl. Furthermore, c-Kit was degraded through lysosomal, but not proteasomal pathway. In pulse-chase experiments, IM did not modulate c-Kit synthesis or maturation. Analysis of phosphotyrosine peptides in UT-7/Epo cells treated or not with IM show that IM did not modify overall tyrosine phosphorylation in these cells. Furthermore, we showed that a T670I mutation preventing the full access of IM to the ATP binding pocket, did not allow the internalization process in the presence of IM. Altogether these data show that TKI-induced internalization of c-Kit is linked to a modification of the integrity of ATP binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane D'allard
- Institut Cochin, Département d'Immunologie-Hématologie, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- LABEX (Laboratoire d'Excellence) GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Julie Gay
- Institut Cochin, Département d'Immunologie-Hématologie, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Clotilde Descarpentries
- Institut Cochin, Département d'Immunologie-Hématologie, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Frisan
- Institut Cochin, Département d'Immunologie-Hématologie, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Adam
- Institut Cochin, Département d'Immunologie-Hématologie, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- LABEX (Laboratoire d'Excellence) GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Frederique Verdier
- Institut Cochin, Département d'Immunologie-Hématologie, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- LABEX (Laboratoire d'Excellence) GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Célia Floquet
- Institut Cochin, Département d'Immunologie-Hématologie, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- LABEX (Laboratoire d'Excellence) GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Dubreuil
- INSERM, U1068, CRCM, Centre de Référence des Mastocytoses-CEREMAST; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille; Aix-Marseille Université; CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Lacombe
- Institut Cochin, Département d'Immunologie-Hématologie, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- LABEX (Laboratoire d'Excellence) GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Broca-Cochin-Hôtel-Dieu, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France
| | - Michaela Fontenay
- Institut Cochin, Département d'Immunologie-Hématologie, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- LABEX (Laboratoire d'Excellence) GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Broca-Cochin-Hôtel-Dieu, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Mayeux
- Institut Cochin, Département d'Immunologie-Hématologie, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- LABEX (Laboratoire d'Excellence) GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Proteomic Platform of the Paris Descartes University (3P5), Paris, France
| | - Olivier Kosmider
- Institut Cochin, Département d'Immunologie-Hématologie, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- LABEX (Laboratoire d'Excellence) GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Broca-Cochin-Hôtel-Dieu, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Tanaka C, Kaji H, He J, Hazama R, Yokoyama K, Kinoshita E, Tsujioka T, Tohyama K, Yamamura H, Nishio H, Tohyama Y. Rab27b regulates c-kit expression by controlling the secretion of stem cell factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 419:368-73. [PMID: 22349512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rab27b, a subfamily of Rab27 small GTPases, was originally identified in platelets. However, the role of Rab27b in megakaryocytic lineage cells remains unknown. Here, using a human megakaryoblastic cell line, CMK, we show that Rab27b negatively regulates c-kit-expression. We found that transfection of shRNA-Rab27b into CMK cells led to specific increase in the amount of the receptor-type tyrosine kinase c-kit. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which Rab27b regulates c-kit expression, we analyzed the dynamics of c-kit by the stimulation with its ligand, stem cell factor (SCF). We found that cell surface expression of c-kit was promptly reduced and rapidly degraded in both CMK and Rab27b-knockdown CMK cells. Pretreatment with a lysosome inhibitor bafilomycin suppressed the degradation of c-kit, indicating that c-kit expression is controlled by SCF-induced endolysosomal degradation system. We therefore focused on the potential involvement of SCF in Rab27b-mediated effects on c-kit expression levels. We found that autocrine secretion of SCF was downregulated in Rab27b-knockdown cells as compared with parental CMK cells. These results suggest that Rab27b negatively regulates the cell surface expression of c-kit via secretion of SCF and that ligation of SCF leads to the endolysosomal degradation system of c-kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Tanaka
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Föger N, Jenckel A, Orinska Z, Lee KH, Chan AC, Bulfone-Paus S. Differential regulation of mast cell degranulation versus cytokine secretion by the actin regulatory proteins Coronin1a and Coronin1b. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:1777-87. [PMID: 21844203 PMCID: PMC3171099 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20101757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Coronin1a inhibits mast cell degranulation through actin cytoskeletal dynamics while augmenting cytokine secretion, an effect exacerbated by additional loss of Coronin1b. Mast cell (MC) activation via aggregation of the high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) causes degranulation and release of proinflammatory mediators in a process that involves the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. However, the regulatory pathways and the molecular links between cytoskeletal changes and MC function are incompletely understood. In this study, we provide genetic evidence for a critical role of the actin-regulatory proteins Coronin1a (Coro1a) and Coro1b on exocytic pathways in MCs: Coro1a−/− bone marrow–derived MCs exhibit increased FcεRI-mediated degranulation of secretory lysosomes but significantly reduced secretion of cytokines. Hyperdegranulation of Coro1a−/− MCs is further augmented by the additional loss of Coro1b. In vivo, Coro1a−/−Coro1b−/− mice displayed enhanced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Functional reconstitution assays revealed that the inhibitory effect of Coro1a on MC degranulation strictly correlates with cortical localization of Coro1a, requires its filamentous actin–binding activity, and is regulated by phosphorylation of Ser2 of Coro1a. Thus, coronin proteins, and in turn the actin cytoskeleton, exhibit a functional dichotomy as differential regulators of degranulation versus cytokine secretion in MC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Föger
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Research Center Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany.
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