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Ang GCK, Gupta A, Surana U, Yap SXL, Taneja R. Potential Therapeutics Targeting Upstream Regulators and Interactors of EHMT1/2. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122855. [PMID: 35740522 PMCID: PMC9221123 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The expression of Euchromatin histone lysine methyltransferase 1 and 2 (EHMT1/2) is deregulated in many cancers. Most studies thus far have focused on the downstream targets and pathways regulated by EHMTs. However, the mechanisms that lead to their deregulated expression, and the interacting proteins that could impact EHMT activity are not well understood. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the upstream regulators and the interactors that provide alternative therapeutic approaches to tackle EHMT driven malignancies. Abstract Euchromatin histone lysine methyltransferases (EHMTs) are epigenetic regulators responsible for silencing gene transcription by catalyzing H3K9 dimethylation. Dysregulation of EHMT1/2 has been reported in multiple cancers and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Although substantial insights have been gleaned into the downstream targets and pathways regulated by EHMT1/2, few studies have uncovered mechanisms responsible for their dysregulated expression. Moreover, EHMT1/2 interacting partners, which can influence their function and, therefore, the expression of target genes, have not been extensively explored. As none of the currently available EHMT inhibitors have made it past clinical trials, understanding upstream regulators and EHMT protein complexes may provide unique insights into novel therapeutic avenues in EHMT-overexpressing cancers. Here, we review our current understanding of the regulators and interacting partners of EHMTs. We also discuss available therapeutic drugs that target the upstream regulators and binding partners of EHMTs and could potentially modulate EHMT function in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Chin Khye Ang
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (G.C.K.A.); (A.G.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Amogh Gupta
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (G.C.K.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Uttam Surana
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Shirlyn Xue Ling Yap
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (G.C.K.A.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-(65)-153-236; Fax: +65-(67)-788-161
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Peng Y, Song X, Lan J, Wang X, Wang M. Bone marrow stromal cells derived exosomal miR-10a and miR-16 may be involved in progression of patients with multiple myeloma by regulating EPHA8 or IGF1R/CCND1. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e23447. [PMID: 33530159 PMCID: PMC7850735 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) has been suggested as an important mechanism for the progression of multiple myeloma (MM) cells, while exosomes are crucial mediators for cell-to-cell communication. The study was to investigate the miRNA profile changes in exosomes released by BMSCs of MM patients and explore their possible function roles.The microarray datasets of exosomal miRNAs in BMSCs were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE110271: 6 MM patients, 2 healthy donors; GSE78865: 4 donors and 2 MM patients; GSE39571: 7 MM patients and 4 controls). The differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified using the LIMMA method. The target genes of DEMs were predicted by the miRwalk 2.0 database and the hub genes were screened by constructing the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, module analysis and overlapping with the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after overexpression or knockout of miRNAs.Three downregulated DEMs were found to distinguish MM from normal and MM-MGUS controls in the GSE39571 dataset; one downregulated and one upregulated DEMs (hsa-miR-10a) could differentiate MM from normal and MM-MGUS controls in the GSE110271-GSE78865 merged dataset. Furthermore, 11 downregulated (hsa-miR-16) and 1 upregulated DEMs were shared between GSE39571 and merged dataset when comparing MM with normal samples. The target genes were predicted for these 17 DEMs. PPI with module analysis showed IGF1R and CCND1 were hub genes and regulated by hsa-miR-16. Furthermore, EPHA8 was identified as a DEG that was downregulated in MM cells when the use of has-miR-10a mimics; while IGF1R, CCND1, CUL3, and ELAVL1 were also screened as DEGs that were upregulated in MM cells when silencing of hsa-miR-16.BMSCs-derived exosomal miR-10a and miR-16 may be involved in MM progression by regulating EPHA8 or IGF1R/CCND1/CUL3/ELAVL1, respectively. These exosomal miRNAs or genes may represent potential biomarkers for diagnosis of MM and prediction of progression and targets for developing therapeutic drugs.
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He Y, Sun W, Li Q, Zhu H, Hu Z, Zhang J. Wortmannolol Induces Breast Cancer Cell Death In Vitro and In Vivo by Targeting Phosphoinositide 3‐Kinase
α. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Department of pharmacy Tongji HospitalTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1095 Jiefang Rd., Wuhan City People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation Institution School of PharmacyTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan City People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation Institution School of PharmacyTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan City People's Republic of China
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation Institution School of PharmacyTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan City People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxi Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation Institution School of PharmacyTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan City People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwen Zhang
- Department of pharmacy Tongji HospitalTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1095 Jiefang Rd., Wuhan City People's Republic of China
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Novel chromenes and benzochromenes bearing arylazo moiety: molecular docking, in-silico admet, in-vitro antimicrobial and anticancer screening. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Asymmetric synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-nitro-2H-chromenes as potential antibacterial agents. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhang Q, Zhou L, Guan Y, Cheng Y, Han X. BENC-511, a novel PI3K inhibitor, suppresses metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer cells by modulating β-catenin/ZEB1 regulatory loop. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 294:18-27. [PMID: 30125547 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is known as highly metastatic disease because it is difficult to diagnose at early stage. More than 60% of NSCLC patients' overexpress receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) such as EGFR that has been proved to display resistance to receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) through PI3K signaling, while single PI3K inhibitors increase RTK expression as feedback. So, to select the proper targeted agent or target an assortment of molecular subsets, such as EGFR mutations for different subgroups of patients with NSCLC is urgent. Compound BENC-511, a potent PI3K inhibitor, had effects on inhibiting cancer cell survival and delaying tumor growth, but the effects and mechanisms on cancer metastasis are not clear. Methods of Scratch assay, Transwell system, experimental metastasis mice models, plasmid transfection, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used. Results showed that BENC-511 could significantly inhibit lung cancer cells invasion and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. And it not only inhibited PI3K/Akt signal pathway, but also directly suppressed phosphorylation of EGFR and nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Moreover, our study firstly reported BENC-511 seemed more sensitive to NSCLC cells that highly expressed Zinc-finger E-box binding protein 1 (ZEB1), one of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer, and knockdown of ZEB1 could improve the effects of this compound. These findings suggested that BENC-511 should be a promising lead molecule for anti-metastasis therapy by targeting β-catenin/ZEB1 regulatory loop and serve as a therapeutic agent to inhibit metastasis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lichun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yanhui Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yanna Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiuzhen Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
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Abramson HN. Kinase inhibitors as potential agents in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81926-81968. [PMID: 27655636 PMCID: PMC5348443 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of therapeutic options available for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) - from immunomodulating agents to proteasome inhibitors to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and, most recently, monoclonal antibodies. Used in conjunction with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, these modalities have nearly doubled the disease's five-year survival rate over the last three decades to about 50%. In spite of these advances, MM still is considered incurable as resistance and relapse are common. While small molecule protein kinase inhibitors have made inroads in the therapy of a number of cancers, to date their application to MM has been less than successful. Focusing on MM, this review examines the roles played by a number of kinases in driving the malignant state and the rationale for target development in the design of a number of kinase inhibitors that have demonstrated anti-myeloma activity in both in vitro and in vivo xenograph models, as well as those that have entered clinical trials. Among the targets and their inhibitors examined are receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases, cell cycle control kinases, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway kinases, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase, casein kinase, integrin-linked kinase, sphingosine kinase, and kinases involved in the unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanley N Abramson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the most potent quinoline-based anti-infectives for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and to understand the molecular mechanisms. A small-scale screen against a panel of marketed quinoline-based drugs was performed in MM cell lines. Cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. Anti-MM activity was also evaluated in nude mice. Western blotting was performed to investigate mechanisms. Nitroxoline (NXQ) was the most effective in suppressing MM cell proliferation. NXQ induced more than 40% MM cell apoptosis within 24 h and potentiated anti-MM activities of current major drugs including doxorubicin and lenalidomide. This finding was shown by activation of caspase-3, a major executive apoptotic enzyme, and by inactivation of PARP, a major enzyme in DNA damage repair. NXQ also suppressed prosurvival proteins Bcl-xL and Mcl-1. Moreover, NXQ suppressed the growth of myeloma xenografts in nude mice models. In the mechanistic study, NXQ was found to downregulate TRIM25, a highly expressed ubiquitin ligase in MM. Notably, NXQ upregulated tumor suppressor p53, but not PTEN. Furthermore, overexpression of TRIM25 decreased p53 protein. This study indicated that the long-term use of anti-infective NXQ has potential for MM treatment by targeting the TRIM25/p53 axle.
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Design, synthesis and tumor cell growth inhibitory activity of 3-nitro-2 H -cheromene derivatives as histone deacetylaes inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang S, Li J, Du Y, Xu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Xu Z, Zeng Y, Mao X, Cao B. The Class I PI3K inhibitor S14161 induces autophagy in malignant blood cells by modulating the Beclin 1/Vps34 complex. J Pharmacol Sci 2017; 134:197-202. [PMID: 28779993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
S14161 is a pan-Class I PI3K inhibitor that induces blood cancer cell death, but its mechanism is largely unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the role of S14161 in autophagy, an emerging event in cell destination. Multiple myeloma cell lines RPMI-8226, OPM2, KMS11 and leukemia cell line K562 were treated with S14161. The results showed that S14161 induced autophagy as demonstrated by increased LC3-II and decreased p62, which were prevented by autophagy inhibitors including 3-methyladenine and bafilomycin A1. Mechanistic studies showed that S14161 had no effects on Vps34 expression, but increased Beclin 1 and decreased Bcl-2, two major regulators of autophagy. Furthermore, S14161 dissociated the Beclin 1/Bcl-2 complex and enhanced the formation of Beclin 1/Vps34 complex. Moreover, S14161 inhibited the mTORC1 signaling transduction. S14161 downregulated activation of mTOR and its two critical targets 4E-BP1 and p70S6K, suggesting S14161 inhibited protein synthesis. Taken together, these results demonstrated that Class I PI3K regulates autophagy by modulating protein synthesis and the Beclin 1 signaling pathway. This finding helps understanding the roles of PI3K in autophagy and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanyun Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yujia Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zubin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanying Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Oncology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital East Campus, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Biyin Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Zhang Z, Mao H, Du X, Zhu J, Xu Y, Wang S, Xu X, Ji P, Yu Y, Cao B, Han K, Hou T, Xu Z, Kong Y, Jiang G, Tang X, Qiao C, Mao X. A novel small molecule agent displays potent anti-myeloma activity by inhibiting the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 7:9296-308. [PMID: 26814430 PMCID: PMC4891041 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic STAT3 signaling pathway is emerging as a promising target for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). In the present study, we identified a novel STAT3 inhibitor SC99 in a target-based high throughput screen. SC99 inhibited JAK2-STAT3 activation but had no effects on other transcription factors such as NF-κB, and kinases such as AKT, ERK, and c-Src that are in association with STAT3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, SC99 downregulated the expression of STAT3-modulated genes, including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, VEGF, cyclin D2, and E2F-1. By inhibiting the STAT3 signaling, SC99 induced MM cell apoptosis which could be partly abolished by the ectopic expression of STAT3. Furthermore, SC99 displayed potent anti-MM activity in two independent MM xenograft models in nude mice. Oral administration of SC99 led to marked decrease of tumor growth within 10 days at a daily dosage of 30 mg/kg, but did not raise toxic effects. Taken together, this study identified a novel oral JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor that could be developed as an anti-myeloma agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongwu Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujia Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Biyin Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kunkun Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gaofeng Jiang
- School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Qiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Mutations in the CCND1 and CCND2 genes are frequent events in adult patients with t(8;21)(q22;q22) acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2016; 31:1278-1285. [PMID: 27843138 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBF-AML) is defined by the presence of either t(8;21)(q22;q22)/RUNX1-RUNX1T1 or inv(16)(p13.1q22)/t(16;16)(p13.1;q22)/CBFB-MYH11. The resulting fusion genes require a 'second hit' to initiate leukemogenesis. Mutation assessment of 177 adults with CBF-AML, including 68 with t(8;21) and 109 with inv(16)/t(16;16), identified not only mutations well known in CBF-AML but also mutations in the CCND1 and CCND2 genes, which represent novel frequent molecular alterations in AML with t(8;21). Altogether, CCND1 (n=2) and CCND2 (n=8) mutations were detected in 10 (15%) patients with t(8;21) in our cohort. A single CCND2 mutation was also found in 1 (0.9%) patient with inv(16). In contrast, CCND1 and CCND2 mutations were detected in only 11 (0.77%) of 1426 non-CBF-AML patients. All CCND2 mutations cluster around the highly conserved amino-acid residue threonine 280 (Thr280). We show that Thr280Ala-mutated CCND2 leads to increased phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein, thereby causing significant cell cycle changes and increased proliferation of AML cell lines. The identification of CCND1 and CCND2 mutations as frequent mutational events in t(8;21) AML may provide further justification for cell cycle-directed therapy in this disease.
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Xu X, Han K, Tang X, Zeng Y, Lin X, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Cao B, Wu D, Mao X. The Ring Finger Protein RNF6 Induces Leukemia Cell Proliferation as a Direct Target of Pre-B-cell Leukemia Homeobox 1. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9617-28. [PMID: 26971355 PMCID: PMC4850299 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.701979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
RNF6 is a little-studied ring finger protein. In the present study, we found that RNF6 was overexpressed in various leukemia cells and that it accelerated leukemia cell proliferation, whereas knockdown of RNF6 delayed tumor growth in xenografts. To find out the mechanism of RNF6 overexpression in leukemia, we designed a series of truncated constructs of RNF6 regulatory regions in the luciferase reporter system. The results revealed that the region between -144 and -99 upstream of the RNF6 transcription start site was critical and that this region contained a PBX1 recognition element (PRE). PBX1 modulated RNF6 expression by binding to the specific PRE. When PRE was mutated, RNF6 transcription was completely abolished. Further studies showed that PBX1 collaborated with PREP1 but not MEIS1 to modulate RNF6 expression. Moreover, RNF6 expression could be suppressed by doxorubicin, a major anti-leukemia agent, via down-regulating PBX1. This study thus suggests that RNF6 overexpression in leukemia is under the direction of PBX1 and that the PBX1/RNF6 axis can be developed as a novel therapeutic target of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Translational Research and Therapeutics of Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123
| | - Kunkun Han
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Translational Research and Therapeutics of Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, the Asclepius Technology Company Group and Asclepius Cancer Research Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- the Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006
| | - Yuanying Zeng
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Translational Research and Therapeutics of Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123
| | - Xu Lin
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Translational Research and Therapeutics of Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123
| | - Yun Zhao
- the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123
| | - Zubin Zhang
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Translational Research and Therapeutics of Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123
| | - Biyin Cao
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Translational Research and Therapeutics of Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123
| | - Depei Wu
- the Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006
| | - Xinliang Mao
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Translational Research and Therapeutics of Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, and
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Du J, Liu S, He J, Liu X, Qu Y, Yan W, Fan J, Li R, Xi H, Fu W, Zhang C, Yang J, Hou J. MicroRNA-451 regulates stemness of side population cells via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14993-5007. [PMID: 25915427 PMCID: PMC4558131 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Side population (SP) cells are an enriched source of cancer-initiating cells with stemness characteristics, generated by increased ABC transporter activity, which has served as a unique hallmark for multiple myeloma (MM) stem cell studies. Here we isolated and identified MM SP cells via Hoechst 33342 staining. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SP cells possess abnormal cell cycle, clonogenicity, and high drug efflux characteristics-all of which are features commonly seen in stem cells. Interestingly, we found that bortezomib, As2O3, and melphalan all affected apoptosis and clonogenicity in SP cells. We followed by characterizing the miRNA signature of MM SP cells and validated the specific miR-451 target tuberous sclerosis 1 (TSC1) gene to reveal that it activates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in MM SP cells. Inhibition of miR-451 enhanced anti-myeloma novel agents' effectiveness, through increasing cells apoptosis, decreasing clonogenicity, and reducing MDR1 mRNA expression. Moreover, the novel specific PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling inhibitor S14161 displayed its prowess as a potential therapeutic agent by targeting MM SP cells. Our findings offer insights into the mechanisms regulating MM SP cells and provide a novel strategy to overcome resistance to existing therapies against myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma and Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma and Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma and Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma and Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma and Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Yan
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma and Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianling Fan
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma and Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma and Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Xi
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma and Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijun Fu
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma and Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma and Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine and Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma and Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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15
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The ubiquitin ligase HERC4 mediates c-Maf ubiquitination and delays the growth of multiple myeloma xenografts in nude mice. Blood 2016; 127:1676-86. [PMID: 26825710 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-07-658203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor c-Maf is extensively involved in the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma (MM), a fatal malignancy of plasma cells. In the present study, affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to identify c-Maf ubiquitination-associated proteins, from which the E3 ligase HERC4 was found to interact with c-Maf and catalyzed its polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation. HERC4 mediated polyubiquitination at K85 and K297 in c-Maf, and this polyubiquitination could be prevented by the isopeptidase USP5. Further analysis on the NCI-60 cell line collection revealed that RPMI 8226, a MM-derived cell line, expressed the lowest level of HERC4. Primary bone marrow analysis revealed HERC4 expression was high in normal bone marrow, but was steadily decreased during myelomagenesis. These findings suggested HERC4 played an important role in MM progression. Moreover, ectopic HERC4 expression decreased MM proliferation in vitro, and delayed xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Therefore, modulation of c-Maf ubiquitination by targeting HERC4 may represent a new therapeutic modality for MM.
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16
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Han K, Xu X, Xu Z, Chen G, Zeng Y, Zhang Z, Cao B, Kong Y, Tang X, Mao X. SC06, a novel small molecule compound, displays preclinical activity against multiple myeloma by disrupting the mTOR signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12809. [PMID: 26329846 PMCID: PMC4556980 DOI: 10.1038/srep12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is extensively involved in multiple myeloma (MM) pathophysiology. In the present study, we reported a novel small molecule SC06 that induced MM cell apoptosis and delayed MM xenograft growth in vivo. Oral administration of SC06 to mice bearing human MM xenografts resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth at doses that were well tolerated. Mechanistic studies revealed that SC06 selectively inhibited the mTOR signaling pathway but had no effects on other associated kinases, such as AKT, ERK, p38, c-Src and JNK. Further studies showed that SC06-decreased mTOR activation was associated with the downregulation of Raptor, a key component of the mTORC1 complex. SC06 also suppressed the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and P70S6K, two typical substrates in the mTORC1 signaling pathway. Notably, expression of Raptor, phosphorylation of mTOR and phosphorylated 4E-BP1 was also decreased in the tumor tissues from SC06-treated mice, which was consistent with the cellular studies. Therefore, given the potency and low toxicity, SC06 could be developed as a potential anti-MM drug candidate by disrupting the mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunkun Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guodong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanying Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zubin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Biyin Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, China
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17
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Zhu J, Wang M, Yu Y, Qi H, Han K, Tang J, Zhang Z, Zeng Y, Cao B, Qiao C, Zhang H, Hou T, Mao X. A novel PI3K inhibitor PIK-C98 displays potent preclinical activity against multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:185-95. [PMID: 25474140 PMCID: PMC4381587 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have demonstrated targeting PI3K pathway is a promising strategy for the treatment of blood cancers. To identify novel PI3K inhibitors, we performed a high throughput virtual screen and identified several novel small molecule compounds, including PIK-C98 (C98). The cell-free enzymatic studies showed that C98 inhibited all class I PI3Ks at nano- or low micromolar concentrations but had no effects on AKT or mTOR activity. Molecular docking analysis revealed that C98 interfered with the ATP-binding pockets of PI3Ks by forming H-bonds and arene-H interactions with specific amino acid residues. The cellular assays demonstrated that C98 specifically inhibited PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, but had no effects on other kinases and proteins including IGF-1R, ERK, p38, c-Src, PTEN, and STAT3. Inhibition of PI3K by C98 led to myeloma cell apoptosis. Furthermore, oral administration of C98 delayed tumor growth in two independent human myeloma xenograft models in nude mice but did not show overt toxicity. Pharmacokinetic analyses showed that C98 was well penetrated into myeloma tumors. Therefore, through a high throughput virtual screen we identified a novel PI3K inhibitor that is orally active against multiple myeloma with great potential for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Man Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huixin Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kunkun Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zubin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanying Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Biyin Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Qiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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18
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Fouqué A, Delalande O, Jean M, Castellano R, Josselin E, Malleter M, Shoji KF, Hung MD, Rampanarivo H, Collette Y, van de Weghe P, Legembre P. A Novel Covalent mTOR Inhibitor, DHM25, Shows in Vivo Antitumor Activity against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2015; 58:6559-73. [PMID: 26237138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway contributes to carcinogenesis and metastasis in most, if not all, breast cancers. From a chromene backbone reported to inhibit class I PI3K catalytic subunits, several rounds of chemical syntheses led to the generation of a new collection of chromologues that showed enhanced ability to kill PI3K-addicted cancer cells and to inhibit Akt phosphorylation at serine 473, a hallmark of PI3K/mTOR activation. This initial screen uncovered a chromene designated DHM25 that exerted potent antitumor activity against breast tumor cell lines. Strikingly, DHM25 was shown to be a selective and covalent inhibitor of mTOR using biochemical and cellular analyses, modeling, and a large panel of kinase activity assays spanning the human kinome (243 kinases). Finally, in vivo, this novel drug was an efficient inhibitor of growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer cells, paving the way for its clinical application in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Fouqué
- Université de Rennes-1 , 2 avenue du Prof. Leon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France.,CLCC Eugène Marquis, INSERM ER440 Oncogenesis, Stress & Signaling, rue bataille Flandres Dunkerque, 35042 Rennes, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, rue bataille Flandres Dunkerque, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Delalande
- Université de Rennes-1 , 2 avenue du Prof. Leon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France.,IGDR, CNRS UMR 6290, UFR des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, 2 Av. du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Mickael Jean
- Université de Rennes-1 , 2 avenue du Prof. Leon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France.,UMR6226, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Equipe Produits Naturels, Synthèses, Chimie Médicinale, UFR des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, 2 Av. du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Rémy Castellano
- CRCM, INSERM, U1068; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Aix-Marseille Université; CNRS, UMR 7258, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Josselin
- CRCM, INSERM, U1068; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Aix-Marseille Université; CNRS, UMR 7258, Marseille, France
| | - Marine Malleter
- Université de Rennes-1 , 2 avenue du Prof. Leon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Kenji F Shoji
- Université de Rennes-1 , 2 avenue du Prof. Leon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France.,INSERM, U1085, 2 avenue du Prof. Leon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Mac Dinh Hung
- Faculty of Chemistry, National Vietnam University , 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hariniaina Rampanarivo
- Université de Rennes-1 , 2 avenue du Prof. Leon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France.,CLCC Eugène Marquis, INSERM ER440 Oncogenesis, Stress & Signaling, rue bataille Flandres Dunkerque, 35042 Rennes, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, rue bataille Flandres Dunkerque, Rennes, France.,IGDR, CNRS UMR 6290, UFR des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, 2 Av. du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Yves Collette
- CRCM, INSERM, U1068; Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Aix-Marseille Université; CNRS, UMR 7258, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre van de Weghe
- Université de Rennes-1 , 2 avenue du Prof. Leon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France.,UMR6226, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Equipe Produits Naturels, Synthèses, Chimie Médicinale, UFR des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, 2 Av. du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Legembre
- Université de Rennes-1 , 2 avenue du Prof. Leon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France.,CLCC Eugène Marquis, INSERM ER440 Oncogenesis, Stress & Signaling, rue bataille Flandres Dunkerque, 35042 Rennes, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, rue bataille Flandres Dunkerque, Rennes, France
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19
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Discovery of selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors to treat hematological malignancies. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:988-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Zhang W, Qiao L, Wang X, Senthilkumar R, Wang F, Chen B. Inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by dimercaptosuccinic acid modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles combined with nontoxic concentration of bortezomib and gambogic acid in RPMI-8226 cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3275-89. [PMID: 25995634 PMCID: PMC4425315 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s80795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the potential benefits of combination therapy using dimercaptosuccinic acid modified iron oxide (DMSA-Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) combined with nontoxic concentration of bortezomib (BTZ) and gambogic acid (GA) on multiple myeloma (MM) RPMI-8226 cells and possible underlying mechanisms. The effects of BTZ-GA-loaded MNP-Fe3O4 (BTZ-GA/MNPs) on cell proliferation were assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,4,-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected using the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated biotin-16-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay and flow cytometry (FCM). Furthermore, DMSA-Fe3O4 MNPs were characterized in terms of distribution, apoptotic morphology, and cellular uptake by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Subsequently, the effect of BTZ-GA/MNPs combination on PI3K/Akt activation and apoptotic-related protein were appraised by Western blotting. MTT assay and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were applied to elevate the functions of BTZ-GA/MNPs combination on the tumor xenograft model and tumor necrosis. The results of this study revealed that the majority of MNPs were quasi-spherical and the MNPs taken up by cells were located in the endosome vesicles of cytoplasm. Nontoxic concentration of BTZ-GA/MNPs increased G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis in RPMI-8226 cells. Furthermore, the combination of BTZ-GA/MNPs activated phosphorylated Akt levels, Caspase-3, and Bax expression, and down-regulated the PI3K and Bcl-2 levels significantly. Meanwhile, the in vivo tumor xenograft model indicated that the treatment of BTZ-GA/MNPs decreased the tumor growth and volume and induced cell apoptosis and necrosis. These findings suggest that chemotherapeutic agents polymerized MNPs-Fe3O4 with GA could serve as a better alternative for targeted therapeutic approaches to treat multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixing Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchao Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast, the Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Fei Wang
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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21
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Tang J, Zhu J, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Chen G, Zhou X, Qiao C, Hou T, Mao X. A virtual screen identified C96 as a novel inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase that displays potent preclinical activity against multiple myeloma in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2015; 5:3836-48. [PMID: 25003534 PMCID: PMC4116524 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway is emerging as a promising therapeutic target for multiple myeloma (MM). In the present study, we performed a virtual screen against 800,000 of small molecule compounds by targeting PI3Kγ. C96, one of such compounds, inhibited PI3K activated by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), but did not suppress IGF-1R activation. The cell-free assay revealed that C96 preferred to inhibit PI3Kα and δ, but was not active against AKT1, 2, 3 or mTOR. C96 inhibited PI3K activation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Consistent with its inhibition on PI3K/AKT, C96 downregulated the activation of mTOR, p70S6K, 4E-BP1, but did not suppress other kinases such as ERK and c-Src. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by C96 led to MM cell apoptosis which was demonstrated by Annexin V staining and activation of the pro-apoptotic signals. Furthermore, C96 displayed potent anti-myeloma activity in a MM xenograft model in nude mice. Oral administration of 100 mg/kg bodyweight almost fully suppressed tumor growth within 16 days, but without gross toxicity. Importantly, AKT activation was suppressed in tumor tissues from C96-treated mice, which was consistent with delayed tumor growth. Thus, we identified a novel PI3K inhibitor with a great potential for MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China;Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xinliang Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, China
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22
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Juan J, Cheng L, Shi M, Liu Z, Mao X. Poly-(allylamine hydrochloride)-coated but not poly(acrylic acid)-coated upconversion nanoparticles induce autophagy and apoptosis in human blood cancer cells. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5769-5776. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00646e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have gained increased attention due to their various medical applications such as drug delivery, detection, imaging, and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Juan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases
- Department of Pharmacology
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Liang Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Min Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases
- Department of Pharmacology
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases
- Department of Pharmacology
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
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23
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Shi M, Cheng L, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Mao X. Ferroferric oxide nanoparticles induce prosurvival autophagy in human blood cells by modulating the Beclin 1/Bcl-2/VPS34 complex. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 10:207-16. [PMID: 25565814 PMCID: PMC4284026 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s72598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are emerging as novel materials with great potentials for various biomedical applications, but their biological activities are largely unknown. In the present study, we found that ferroferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) induced autophagy in blood cells. Both naked and modified Fe3O4 NPs induced LC3 lipidation and degraded p62, a monitor of autophagy flux. And this change could be abolished by autophagy inhibitors. Mechanistically, Fe3O4 NP-induced autophagy was accompanied by increased Beclin 1 and VPS34 and decreased Bcl-2, thus promoting the formation of the critical complex in autophagy initiation. Further studies demonstrated that Fe3O4 NPs attenuated cell death induced by anticancer drugs bortezomib and doxorubicin. Therefore, this study suggested that Fe3O4 NPs can induce prosurvival autophagy in blood cells by modulating the Beclin l/Bcl-2/VPS34 complex. This study suggests that caution should be taken when Fe3O4 NPs are used in blood cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Functional Nano and Soft Material (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou, Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zubin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Functional Nano and Soft Material (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou, Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China ; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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24
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Ubiquitination of the transcription factor c-MAF is mediated by multiple lysine residues. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 57:157-66. [PMID: 25448412 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor c-MAF could be polyubiquitinated and subsequently degraded in the proteasomes. Theoretically, any lysine residues in c-MAF could be ubiquitinated. In the present study, we tried to find out the specific lysine residue(s) mediating c-MAF ubiquitination. Through a series of mutational screens from lysine (K) to arginine (R), we found that any single lysine mutation (K to R) failed to prevent c-MAF ubiquitination, and any single lysine residue alone could not mediate c-MAF ubiquitination, which indicated that multiple lysine residues were required for c-MAF ubiquitination. Bioinformatics and computing analyses revealed that K85 and K350 could mediate c-MAF ubiquitination, which was confirmed by the cell-based assays. However, this duo was not the only pair because the K85R/K350R mutant could also be ubiquitinated. Functionally, both M12 (K85/K350) and W12 (K85R/K350R) mutants increased cyclin D2 promoter-driven luciferase activity, but they were less potent than the lysine-free counterpart (M14). In addition, M14 induced a higher level of expression of cyclin D2 at both mRNA and protein levels. Therefore, we demonstrated that c-MAF ubiquitination is mediated by multiple lysine residues, of which K85 and K350 were sufficient but not the only residues in mediating c-MAF ubiquitination. Moreover, c-MAF was found to be degraded by lysosomes. This study added a novel insight for c-MAF ubiquitination and degradation, suggesting that c-MAF stability is strictly regulated.
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Liu C, Zhao GD, Mao X, Suenaga T, Fujishima T, Zhang CM, Liu ZP. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analogues with aromatic side chains attached at C-17. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:569-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Yi W, Li Q, Shen J, Ren L, Liu X, Wang Q, He S, Wu Q, Hu H, Mao X, Zhu L. Modulation of platelet activation and thrombus formation using a pan-PI3K inhibitor S14161. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102394. [PMID: 25115838 PMCID: PMC4130470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3–kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is critical in modulating platelet functions. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of S14161, a recently identified pan-class I PI3K inhibitor, on platelet activation and thrombus formation. Results showed that S14161 inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by collagen, thrombin, U46619, and ADP in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric studies showed that S14161 inhibited convulxin- or thrombin-induced P-selectin expression and fibrinogen binding of single platelet. S14161 also inhibited platelet spreading on fibrinogen and clot retraction, processes mediated by outside-in signaling. Using a microfluidic chamber we demonstrated that S14161 decreased platelet adhesion on collagen-coated surface by about 80%. Western blot showed that S14161 inhibited phosphorylation of Akt at both Ser473 and Thr308 sites, and GSK3β at Ser9 in response to collagen, thrombin, or U46619. Comparable studies showed that S14161 has a higher potential bioavailability than LY294002, a prototypical inhibitor of pan-class I PI3K. Finally, the effects of S14161 on thrombus formation in vivo were measured using a ferric chloride-induced carotid artery injury model in mice. The intraperitoneal injection of S14161 (2 mg/kg) to male C57BL/6 mice significantly extended the first occlusion time (5.05±0.99 min, n = 9) compared to the vehicle controls (3.72±0.95 min, n = 8) (P<0.05), but did not prolong the bleeding time (P>0.05). Taken together, our data showed that S14161 inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation without significant bleeding tendency and toxicity, and considering its potential higher bioavailability, it may be developed as a novel therapeutic agent for the prevention of thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Yi
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijie Ren
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sudan He
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hu Hu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XM); (LZ)
| | - Li Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XM); (LZ)
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Clioquinol induces pro-death autophagy in leukemia and myeloma cells by disrupting the mTOR signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5749. [PMID: 25034786 PMCID: PMC4102920 DOI: 10.1038/srep05749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clioquinol is an anti-microbial drug, and it was recently found to induce cancer cell death. In the present study, clioquinol was found to trigger autophagy by inducing LC3 lipidation and autophagosome formation which was abolished by an autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. Further study showed clioquinol displayed no effects on PI3KC3 or Beclin 1 expression but downregulated the expression and the enzymatic activity of mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR), a critical modulator of autophagy. Moreover, clioquinol inhibited the catalytic activity of the mTOR complex 1, thus suppressing phosphorylation of P70S6K and 4E-BP1, two major proteins associated with autophagy in the mTORC1 signaling pathway. Clioquinol induced leukemia and myeloma cell apoptosis, however, addition of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine attenuated this kind of cell death. Therefore, this study demonstrated that clioquinol induces autophagy in associated with apoptosis in leukemia and myeloma cells by disrupting mTOR signaling pathway.
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Zhang D, Ma Y, Liu Y, Liu ZP. Synthesis of sulfonylhydrazone- and acylhydrazone-substituted 8-ethoxy-3-nitro-2H-chromenes as potent antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2014; 347:576-88. [PMID: 24866448 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201400082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
3-Nitro-2H-chromenes have recently been identified as a novel class of potent antitumor agents. In view of the favorable effects shown by sulfonylhydrazones and acylhydrazones, we designed and synthesized a series of sulfonylhydrazone- and acylhydrazone-substituted 8-ethoxy-3-nitro-2H-chromene derivatives, and evaluated their cell growth inhibition activities against A549, KG-1, A2780, and K562 cells. All the tested compounds exhibited more potent antiproliferative activity than BENC-511 against KG-1 cells. These compounds displayed IC50 values in the nanomolar range against A2780 cells. Compound 7d showed prominent cytotoxicity against K562 cells with an IC50 of 0.11 µM, which was comparable to that of BENC-511. Compound 7d arrested K562 cells at the G1 phase at high concentrations and induced apoptosis in K562 cells. Furthermore, 7d increased the levels of cleaved caspase-3, decreased the expression of bcl-2 and induced the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in K562 cells. Thus, this study provides the development of a series of novel compounds as effective antitumor agents with apoptotic death ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China
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A novel PI3K inhibitor displays potent preclinical activity against an androgen-independent and PTEN-deficient prostate cancer model established from the cell line PC3. Toxicol Lett 2014; 228:133-9. [PMID: 24831963 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that targeting the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway is a major strategy for the treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer. In the present study, we developed an analog BENC-511 from a recently reported PI3K inhibitor S14161 by structural optimization. Using PC3 and DU145 as the model cell lines, we found PTEN-deficient PC3 cells were more sensitive than PTEN-expressing DU145 ones in terms of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and caspase-3 activation. These findings were consistent with the inhibition on PI3K/AKT signals. BENC-511 preferably suppressed AKT activation in PC3 over DU145 cells. Notably, PTEN restoration attenuated BENC-511 induced apoptosis. Moreover, BENC-511 displayed great therapeutic efficacy in a PC3-derived prostate cancer model in nude mice. With an oral dosage of 50mg/kg, BENC-511 decreased tumor growth more than 50% in 27 days, which was accompanied with PARP cleavage, but did not show overt toxicity. This study lays a solid rationale for the development of BENC-511 as a drug for the treatment of PTEN-deficient and androgen-independent prostate cancers.
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The genetic architecture of multiple myeloma. Adv Hematol 2014; 2014:864058. [PMID: 24803933 PMCID: PMC3996928 DOI: 10.1155/2014/864058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a malignant proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells leading to clinical features that include hypercalcaemia, renal dysfunction, anaemia, and bone disease (frequently referred to by the acronym CRAB) which represent evidence of end organ failure. Recent evidence has revealed myeloma to be a highly heterogeneous disease composed of multiple molecularly-defined subtypes each with varying clinicopathological features and disease outcomes. The major division within myeloma is between hyperdiploid and nonhyperdiploid subtypes. In this division, hyperdiploid myeloma is characterised by trisomies of certain odd numbered chromosomes, namely, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 19, and 21 whereas nonhyperdiploid myeloma is characterised by translocations of the immunoglobulin heavy chain alleles at chromosome 14q32 with various partner chromosomes, the most important of which being 4, 6, 11, 16, and 20. Hyperdiploid and nonhyperdiploid changes appear to represent early or even initiating mutagenic events that are subsequently followed by secondary aberrations including copy number abnormalities, additional translocations, mutations, and epigenetic modifications which lead to plasma cell immortalisation and disease progression. The following review provides a comprehensive coverage of the genetic and epigenetic events contributing to the initiation and progression of multiple myeloma and where possible these abnormalities have been linked to disease prognosis.
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Han K, Xu X, Chen G, Zeng Y, Zhu J, Du X, Zhang Z, Cao B, Liu Z, Mao X. Identification of a promising PI3K inhibitor for the treatment of multiple myeloma through the structural optimization. J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:9. [PMID: 24428908 PMCID: PMC3924225 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-7-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported a PI3K inhibitor S14161 which displays a promising preclinical activity against multiple myeloma (MM) and leukemia, but the chiral structure and poor solubility prevent its further application. METHODS Six S14161 analogs were designed based on the structure-activity relationship; activity of the compounds in terms of cell death and inhibition of PI3K were analyzed by flow cytometry and Western blotting, respectively; anti-myeloma activity in vivo was performed on two independent xenograft models. RESULTS Among the six analogs, BENC-511 was one of the most potent compounds which significantly inhibited PI3K activity and induced MM cell apoptosis. BENC-511 was able to inactivate PI3K and its downstream signals AKT, mTOR, p70S6K, and 4E-BP1 at 1 μM but had no effects on their total protein expression. Consistent with its effects on PI3K activity, BENC-511 induced MM cell apoptosis which was evidenced by the cleavage of Caspase-3 and PARP. Notably, addition of insulin-like growth factor 1 and interleukin-6, two important triggers for PI3K activation in MM cells, partly blocked BENC-511-induced MM cell death, which further demonstrated that PI3K signaling pathway was critical for the anti-myeloma activity of BENC-511. Moreover, BENC-511 also showed potent oral activity against myeloma in vivo. Oral administration of BENC-511 decreased tumor growth up to 80% within 3 weeks in two independent MM xenograft models at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight, but presented minimal toxicity. Suppression of BENC-511 on MM tumor growth was associated with decreased PI3K/AKT activity and increased cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Because of its potent anti-MM activity, low toxicity (LD50 oral >1.5 g/kg), and easy synthesis, BENC-511 could be developed as a promising agent for the treatment of MM via suppressing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xinliang Mao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China.
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Korotaev VY, Sosnovskikh VY, Barkov AY. Synthesis and properties of 3-nitro-2H-chromenes. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2013v082n12abeh004370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chen G, Han K, Xu X, Du X, Zhang Z, Tang J, Shi M, Wang M, Li J, Cao B, Mao X. An anti-leishmanial thiadiazine agent induces multiple myeloma cell apoptosis by suppressing the nuclear factor kappaB signalling pathway. Br J Cancer 2013; 110:63-70. [PMID: 24231956 PMCID: PMC3887303 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nuclear factor κB (NFκB) has a critical role in the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma. Targeting NFκB is an important strategy for anti-myeloma drug discovery. Methods: Luciferase assay was used to evaluate the effects of DETT on NFκB activity. Annexin V–PI double staining and immunoblotting were used to evaluate DETT-induced cell apoptosis and suppression of NFκB signalling. Anti-myeloma activity was studied in nude mice. Results: DETT downregulated IKKα, β, p65, and p50 expression and inhibited phosphorylation of p65 (Ser536) and IκBα. Simultaneously, DETT increased IκBα, an inhibitor of the p65/p50 heterodimer, even in the presence of stimulants lipopolysaccharide, tumour necrosis factor-α, or interleukin-6. DETT inhibited NFκB transcription activity and downregulated NFκB-targeted genes, including Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and XIAP as measured by their protein expression. Deregulation of NFκB signalling by DETT resulted in MM cell apoptosis characterised by cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-8, and PARP. Notably, this apoptosis was partly blocked by the activation of NFκB signalling in the presence of TNFα and IL-6. Moreover, DETT delayed myeloma tumour growth in nude mice without overt toxicity. Conclusion: DETT displays a promising potential for MM therapy as an inhibitor of the NFκB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chen
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - K Han
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - X Xu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - X Du
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - J Tang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - M Shi
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - M Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - J Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - B Cao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - X Mao
- 1] Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China [2] Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Liu F, He Y, Liang Y, Wen L, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Zhao L, Li Y, Mao X, Liu H. PI3-kinase inhibition synergistically promoted the anti-tumor effect of lupeol in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:108. [PMID: 24176221 PMCID: PMC3833314 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lup-20(29)-en-3H-ol (Lupeol), a dietary triterpene, has been shown to possess multiple pharmacological activities including anti-tumor effects Methods In the current study, we noted that low doses of lupeol (<40 μM) promoted the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells with a significant activation of the PI3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. We further investigated the combined anti-tumor effect of lupeol and S14161, a newly identified PI3-Kinase inhibitor in vitro and in vivo Results The results demonstrated that lupeol and S14161 could exert a synergistic antitumor effect resulting in chemo-sensitization of HCC to low doses of lupeol. Using an in vivo HCC model, we further demonstrated that lupeol and S14161 synergistically inhibited tumor growth without any adverse effects on body weight Conclusion Our studies showed that the activation of PI3-kinase/Akt pathway resulted in the tumor-promoting effect with low doses of lupeol. Combining PI3-kinase inhibitor with lupeol could synergistically augment the anti-tumor effect of lupeol and might be an applicable strategy for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Haiyan Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P, R, China.
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Cao B, Li J, Zhu J, Shen M, Han K, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Wang Y, Wu D, Chen S, Sun A, Tang X, Zhao Y, Qiao C, Hou T, Mao X. The antiparasitic clioquinol induces apoptosis in leukemia and myeloma cells by inhibiting histone deacetylase activity. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:34181-34189. [PMID: 24114842 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.472563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiparasitic clioquinol (CQ) represents a class of novel anticancer drugs by interfering with proteasome activity. In the present study, we found that CQ induced blood cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs). CQ accumulated the acetylation levels of several key proteins including histone H3 (H3), p53, HSP90, and α-tubulin. In the mechanistic study, CQ was found to down-regulate HDAC1, -3, -4, and -5 in both myeloma and leukemia cells. Computer modeling analysis revealed that CQ was well docked into the active pocket of the enzyme, where the oxygen and nitrogen atoms in CQ formed stable coordinate bonds with the zinc ion, and the hydroxyl group from CQ formed an effective hydrogen bond with Asp-267. Moreover, co-treatment with CQ and zinc/copper chloride led to decreased Ac-H3. Furthermore, CQ inhibited the activity of Class I and IIa HDACs in the cell-free assays, demonstrating that CQ interfered with HDAC activity. By inhibiting HDAC activity, CQ induced expression of p21, p27, and p53, cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, and cell apoptosis. This study suggested that the HDAC enzymes are targets of CQ, which provided a novel insight into the molecular mechanism of CQ in the treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyin Cao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Jie Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Mingyun Shen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Kunkun Han
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Zubin Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Yali Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Depei Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215006
| | - Suning Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215006
| | - Aining Sun
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215006
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215006
| | - Yun Zhao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Chunhua Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Tingjun Hou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123.
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Li J, Cao B, Zhou S, Zhu J, Zhang Z, Hou T, Mao X. Cyproheptadine-induced myeloma cell apoptosis is associated with inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling. Eur J Haematol 2013; 91:514-21. [PMID: 24033664 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that the anti-allergic cyproheptadine displays anti-blood cancer activity. However, its mechanism is still elusive. In this study, cyproheptadine was found to decrease the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and XIAP. More importantly, cyproheptadine-induced apoptosis was accompanied by suppressing AKT activation in myeloma cells. In the subsequent study, cyproheptadine was found to inhibit insulin-like growth factor 1-triggered AKT activation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Specifically, cyproheptadine blocked AKT translocation from nuclei for phosphorylation. This inhibition led to suppressed activation of p70S6K and 4EBP1, two key downstream signaling proteins in the PI3K/AKT pathway. However, cyproheptadine did not display inhibition on activation of IGF-1R or STAT3, possible upstream signals of AKT activation. These results further demonstrated that cyproheptadine suppresses the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which is probably critical for cyproheptadine-induced MM cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Ling C, Chen G, Chen G, Zhang Z, Cao B, Han K, Yin J, Chu A, Zhao Y, Mao X. A deuterated analog of dasatinib disrupts cell cycle progression and displays anti-non-small cell lung cancer activity in vitro and in vivo. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:2411-9. [PMID: 22362357 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The pan-Src family kinase inhibitor dasatinib has been approved for chronic myeloid leukemia treatment but displays limited activity in lung cancer patients. In this study, we used a deuterium substitution strategy to develop a class of novel chemicals based on dasatinib and found that these compounds maintain inhibition on c-Src activity and display anti-non-small cell lung cancer activity in vitro and in vivo. BRP800, one of these compounds, was chosen for further studies. BRP800 mainly displayed antiproliferative but not proapoptotic activity. Molecularly, BRP800 did not show significant effects on the expression of antiapoptotic genes, such as Bcl-2 and Mcl1, or on the activation of apoptotic enzymes, such as caspase-3, -8 or 9. However, BRP800 decreased expression of cell cycle promoting genes such as cyclins D1, D3, E, A and CDK4 and 6, and increased the expression of cell cycle negative regulators including p21, p27 and p53. Consistent with these findings, BRP800 arrested cells at the G0/G1 phase in a concentration-dependent manner, and the G0/G1 fraction was increased from 64% in control to 85% in BRP800-treated cells. We also evaluated the effects of BRP800 on NSCLC xenografts using H460 as a model in nude mice. Compared with the known NSCLC drug docetaxel, BRP800 displayed potent and similar antitumor activity but with less toxicity. These findings suggest that the deuterated analog of dasatinib is antiproliferative by inhibiting c-Src and disrupting cell cycle progression, and could be further developed as a novel drug for non-small lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Ling
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Gavine PR, Mooney L, Kilgour E, Thomas AP, Al-Kadhimi K, Beck S, Rooney C, Coleman T, Baker D, Mellor MJ, Brooks AN, Klinowska T. AZD4547: an orally bioavailable, potent, and selective inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase family. Cancer Res 2012; 72:2045-56. [PMID: 22369928 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling axis is increasingly implicated in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Several small-molecule FGF receptor (FGFR) kinase inhibitors are currently in clinical development; however, the predominant activity of the most advanced of these agents is against the kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), which compromises the FGFR selectivity. Here, we report the pharmacologic profile of AZD4547, a novel and selective inhibitor of the FGFR1, 2, and 3 tyrosine kinases. AZD4547 inhibited recombinant FGFR kinase activity in vitro and suppressed FGFR signaling and growth in tumor cell lines with deregulated FGFR expression. In a representative FGFR-driven human tumor xenograft model, oral administration of AZD4547 was well tolerated and resulted in potent dose-dependent antitumor activity, consistent with plasma exposure and pharmacodynamic modulation of tumor FGFR. Importantly, at efficacious doses, no evidence of anti-KDR-related effects were observed, confirming the in vivo FGFR selectivity of AZD4547. Taken together, our findings show that AZD4547 is a novel selective small-molecule inhibitor of FGFR with potent antitumor activity against FGFR-deregulated tumors in preclinical models. AZD4547 is under clinical investigation for the treatment of FGFR-dependent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Gavine
- AstraZeneca Innovation Center China, Building 7, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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The PI3K/PKB signaling module as key regulator of hematopoiesis: implications for therapeutic strategies in leukemia. Blood 2012; 119:911-23. [PMID: 22065598 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-07-366203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
An important mediator of cytokine signaling implicated in regulation of hematopoiesis is the PI3K/protein kinase B (PKB/c-Akt) signaling module. Constitutive activation of this signaling module has been observed in a large group of leukemias. Because activation of this signaling pathway has been demonstrated to be sufficient to induce hematologic malignancies and is thought to correlate with poor prognosis and enhanced drug resistance, it is considered to be a promising target for therapy. A high number of pharmacologic inhibitors directed against either individual or multiple components of this pathway have already been developed to improve therapy. In this review, the safety and efficacy of both single and dual-specificity inhibitors will be discussed as well as the potential of combination therapy with either inhibitors directed against other signal transduction molecules or classic chemotherapy.
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