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Araújo TG, Mota STS, Ferreira HSV, Ribeiro MA, Goulart LR, Vecchi L. Annexin A1 as a Regulator of Immune Response in Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:2245. [PMID: 34571894 PMCID: PMC8464935 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin A1 is a 37 kDa phospholipid-binding protein that is expressed in many tissues and cell types, including leukocytes, lymphocytes and epithelial cells. Although Annexin A1 has been extensively studied for its anti-inflammatory activity, it has been shown that, in the cancer context, its activity switches from anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory. Remarkably, Annexin A1 shows pro-invasive and pro-tumoral properties in several cancers either by eliciting autocrine signaling in cancer cells or by inducing a favorable tumor microenvironment. Indeed, the signaling of the N-terminal peptide of AnxA1 has been described to promote the switching of macrophages to the pro-tumoral M2 phenotype. Moreover, AnxA1 has been described to prevent the induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell response and to play an essential role in the induction of regulatory T lymphocytes. In this way, Annexin A1 inhibits the anti-tumor immunity and supports the formation of an immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment that promotes tumor growth and metastasis. For these reasons, in this review we aim to describe the role of Annexin A1 in the establishment of the tumor microenvironment, focusing on the immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory activities of Annexin A1 and on its interaction with the epidermal growth factor receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaise Gonçalves Araújo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 387400-128, MG, Brazil; (T.G.A.); (S.T.S.M.); (H.S.V.F.); (M.A.R.)
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil;
| | - Sara Teixeira Soares Mota
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 387400-128, MG, Brazil; (T.G.A.); (S.T.S.M.); (H.S.V.F.); (M.A.R.)
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil;
| | - Helen Soares Valença Ferreira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 387400-128, MG, Brazil; (T.G.A.); (S.T.S.M.); (H.S.V.F.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Matheus Alves Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 387400-128, MG, Brazil; (T.G.A.); (S.T.S.M.); (H.S.V.F.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil;
| | - Lara Vecchi
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil;
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Kim MK, Kim J. Properties of immature and mature dendritic cells: phenotype, morphology, phagocytosis, and migration. RSC Adv 2019; 9:11230-11238. [PMID: 35520256 PMCID: PMC9063012 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00818g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that play an important role in connecting the innate and adaptive immunity of the immune system. To mediate innate and adaptive immunity, DCs pass through two stages: immature and mature. The change of phenotype is closely associated with the morphological and functional characteristics of DCs. Understanding these properties of DCs is important in the context of recent efforts on the developments of biomaterials-based cancer vaccine. In this paper, the morphological and phenotypical status of DCs in both stages were compared, and their relationship to the phagocytic and migratory ability of the cells was studied using bone-marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Immature DCs were of a circular shape and expressed low levels of costimulatory molecules, while mature DCs had longer dendrites and expressed high levels of costimulatory molecules. The phagocytic and migratory ability studied using the polymer bead uptake test and live imaging indicated that immature DCs have a pronounced phagocytic ability compared to mature DCs, while the mature DCs moves faster than immature DCs. These findings could be helpful for understanding the relationship between immature and mature DCs and analyzing initiation of the adaptive immune response by DCs in DC-mediated immunotherapy. Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that play an important role in connecting the innate and adaptive immunity of the immune system.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST)
- Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)
- Suwon 16419
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST)
- Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)
- Suwon 16419
- Republic of Korea
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Barroeta Seijas AB, Simonetti S, Vitale S, Runci D, Quinci AC, Soriani A, Criscuoli M, Filippi I, Naldini A, Sacchetti FM, Tarantino U, Oliva F, Piccirilli E, Santoni A, Di Rosa F. GM-CSF Inhibits c-Kit and SCF Expression by Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:147. [PMID: 28261209 PMCID: PMC5311071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell factor (SCF), the ligand of c-kit, is a key cytokine for hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic precursors express c-kit, whereas differentiated cells of hematopoietic lineage are negative for this receptor, with the exception of NK cells, mast cells, and a few others. While it has long been recognized that dendritic cells (DCs) can express c-kit, several questions remain concerning the SCF/c-kit axis in DCs. This is particularly relevant for DCs found in those organs wherein SCF is highly expressed, including the bone marrow (BM). We characterized c-kit expression by conventional DCs (cDCs) from BM and demonstrated a higher proportion of c-kit+ cells among type 1 cDC subsets (cDC1s) than type 2 cDC subsets (cDC2s) in both humans and mice, whereas similar levels of c-kit expression were observed in cDC1s and cDC2s from mouse spleen. To further study c-kit regulation, DCs were generated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) from mouse BM, a widely used protocol. CD11c+ cells were purified from pooled non-adherent and slightly adherent cells collected after 7 days of culture, thus obtaining highly purified BM-derived DCs (BMdDCs). BMdDCs contained a small fraction of c-kit+ cells, and by replating them for 2 days with GM-CSF, we obtained a homogeneous population of c-kit+ CD40hi MHCIIhi cells. Not only did BMdDCs express c-kit but they also produced SCF, and both were striking upregulated if GM-CSF was omitted after replating. Furthermore, a small but significant reduction in BMdDC survival was observed upon SCF silencing. Incubation of BMdDCs with SCF did not modulate antigen presentation ability of these cells, nor it did regulate their membrane expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. We conclude that the SCF/c-kit-mediated prosurvival circuit may have been overlooked because of the prominent use of GM-CSF in DC cultures in vitro, including those human DC cultures destined for the clinics. We speculate that DCs more prominently rely on SCF in vivo in some microenvironments, with potential implications for graft-versus-host disease and antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amairelys Belen Barroeta Seijas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Simonetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Sara Vitale
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Daniele Runci
- Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Mattia Criscuoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Irene Filippi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Antonella Naldini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | | | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Francesco Oliva
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Eleonora Piccirilli
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
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Schramm HM. Should EMT of Cancer Cells Be Understood as Epithelial-Myeloid Transition? J Cancer 2014; 5:125-32. [PMID: 24494030 PMCID: PMC3909767 DOI: 10.7150/jca.8242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells express epithelial markers, and when progressing in malignancy they may express markers of the mesenchymal cell type. Therefore an epithelial-mesenchymal transition of the cancer cells is assumed. However the mesenchymal markers can equally well be interpreted as myeloid markers since they are common in both types of cell lineages. Moreover, cancer cells express multiple specific markers of the myeloid lineages thus giving rise to the hypothesis that the transition of cancer cells may be from epithelial to myeloid cells and not to mesenchymal cells. This interpretation would better explain why cancer cells, often already in their primary cancer site, frequently show properties common to those of macrophages, platelets and pre-/osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning M. Schramm
- Institute Hiscia, Society for Cancer Research, CH-4144 Arlesheim/Switzerland
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