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Abdelgawad ME, Desterke C, Uzan G, Naserian S. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling and characterization of endothelial progenitor cells: new approach for finding novel markers. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:145. [PMID: 33627177 PMCID: PMC7905656 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are promising candidates for the cellular therapy of peripheral arterial and cardiovascular diseases. However, hitherto there is no specific marker(s) defining precisely EPCs. Herein, we are proposing a new in silico approach for finding novel EPC markers. Methods We assembled five groups of chosen EPC-related genes/factors using PubMed literature and Gene Ontology databases. This shortened database of EPC factors was fed into publically published transcriptome matrix to compare their expression between endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), HUVECs, and two adult endothelial cell types (ECs) from the skin and adipose tissue. Further, the database was used for functional enrichment on Mouse Phenotype database and protein-protein interaction network analyses. Moreover, we built a digital matrix of healthy donors’ PBMCs (33 thousand single-cell transcriptomes) and analyzed the expression of these EPC factors. Results Transcriptome analyses showed that BMP2, 4, and ephrinB2 were exclusively highly expressed in EPCs; the expression of neuropilin-1 and VEGF-C were significantly higher in EPCs and HUVECs compared with other ECs; Notch 1 was highly expressed in EPCs and skin-ECs; MIR21 was highly expressed in skin-ECs; PECAM-1 was significantly higher in EPCs and adipose ECs. Moreover, functional enrichment of EPC-related genes on Mouse Phenotype and STRING protein database has revealed significant relations between chosen EPC factors and endothelial and vascular functions, development, and morphogenesis, where ephrinB2, BMP2, and BMP4 were highly expressed in EPCs and were connected to abnormal vascular functions. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses have revealed that among the EPC-regulated markers in transcriptome analyses, (i) ICAM1 and Endoglin were weekly expressed in the monocyte compartment of the peripheral blood; (ii) CD163 and CD36 were highly expressed in the CD14+ monocyte compartment whereas CSF1R was highly expressed in the CD16+ monocyte compartment, (iii) L-selectin and IL6R were globally expressed in the lymphoid/myeloid compartments, and (iv) interestingly, PLAUR/UPAR and NOTCH2 were highly expressed in both CD14+ and CD16+ monocytic compartments. Conclusions The current study has identified novel EPC markers that could be used for better characterization of EPC subpopulation in adult peripheral blood and subsequent usage of EPCs for various cell therapy and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Essameldin Abdelgawad
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Innovative Cellular Microenvironment Optimization Platform (ICMOP), Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt. .,Inserm UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse - Bâtiment Lavoisier, 12-14 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800, Villejuif, France. .,Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.
| | - Christophe Desterke
- Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,Inserm UMR-S-MD A9, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Georges Uzan
- Inserm UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse - Bâtiment Lavoisier, 12-14 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800, Villejuif, France.,Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Sina Naserian
- Inserm UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse - Bâtiment Lavoisier, 12-14 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800, Villejuif, France. .,Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France. .,CellMedEx, Saint Maur des Fossés, France.
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uPAR-expressing melanoma exosomes promote angiogenesis by VE-Cadherin, EGFR and uPAR overexpression and rise of ERK1,2 signaling in endothelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:3057-3072. [PMID: 33237352 PMCID: PMC8004497 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03707-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes (Exos) have been reported to promote pre-metastatic niche formation, proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. We have investigated the role of uPAR in melanoma cell lines-derived Exos and their pro-angiogenic effects on human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) and endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). Melanoma Exos were isolated from conditioned media of A375 and M6 cells by differential centrifugation and filtration. Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing (TRPS) and Nanoparticle tracking analysis were performed to analyze dimension and concentration of Exos. The CRISPR–Cas 9 technology was exploited to obtain a robust uPAR knockout. uPAR is expressed in melanoma Exos that are internalized by HMVECs and ECFCs, enhancing VE-Cadherin, EGFR and uPAR expression in endothelial cells that undergo a complete angiogenic program, including proliferation, migration and tube formation. uPAR loss reduced the pro-angiogenic effects of melanoma Exos in vitro and in vivo by inhibition of VE-Cadherin, EGFR and uPAR expression and of ERK1,2 signaling in endothelial cells. A similar effect was obtained with a peptide that inhibits uPAR–EGFR interaction and with the EGFR inhibitor Gefitinib, which also inhibited melanoma Exos-dependent EGFR phosphorylation. This study suggests that uPAR is required for the pro-angiogenic activity of melanoma Exos. We propose the identification of uPAR-expressing Exos as a potentially useful biomarker for assessing pro-angiogenic propensity and eventually monitoring the response to treatment in metastatic melanoma patients.
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3
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Menicacci B, Laurenzana A, Chillà A, Margheri F, Peppicelli S, Tanganelli E, Fibbi G, Giovannelli L, Del Rosso M, Mocali A. Chronic Resveratrol Treatment Inhibits MRC5 Fibroblast SASP-Related Protumoral Effects on Melanoma Cells. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1187-1195. [PMID: 28329136 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is related to organismal aging and is observed after DNA damaging cancer therapies, that induce tumor-suppressive modifications, but it is characterized by a strong increase in secreted factors, termed the "senescence-associated secretory phenotype" (SASP). Particularly, SASP from stroma senescent fibroblasts creates a cancer-favoring microenvironment, providing targets for anti-cancer interventions. In the present article, chronic treatment (5 weeks) with 5 µM resveratrol has been used to modulate senescence-related protumoral features of MRC5 fibroblasts, reducing SASP-related interleukins IL1α, IL1β, IL6, and IL8; transforming-growth-factor-β (TGFβ); matrix metallo-proteinases MMP3 and MMP2; urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA); receptor proteins uPAR, IL6R, insulin growth factor receptor-1 (IGF-1R), TGFβ-R2, and CXCR4. The cellular nuclear-factor-kB (NF-kB) protein level was also reduced, confirming its role in the induction of SASP. Resveratrol pretreated MRC5 fibroblasts were resistant to activation by TGFβ. Resveratrol treatment of senescent MRC5 induced the production of conditioned media (CM) which counteracted the protumoral effect of senescent CM on A375 and A375-M6 melanoma cell proliferation and invasiveness, and reduced the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers related to malignant features. This experimental approach proposes a treatment that targets the senescent stromal cell phenotype to induce an anti-tumor hosting microenvironment, which is suitable for both preventive and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Menicacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Laurenzana
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Anastasia Chillà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Margheri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Peppicelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tanganelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fibbi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department NeuroFarBa, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Del Rosso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mocali
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Science, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
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4
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Bianconi D, Unseld M, Prager GW. Integrins in the Spotlight of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122037. [PMID: 27929432 PMCID: PMC5187837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors that bind to different extracellular ligands depending on their composition and regulate all processes which enable multicellular life. In cancer, integrins trigger and play key roles in all the features that were once described as the Hallmarks of Cancer. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of integrins to these hallmarks, including uncontrolled and limitless proliferation, invasion of tumor cells, promotion of tumor angiogenesis and evasion of apoptosis and resistance to growth suppressors, by highlighting the latest findings. Further on, given the paramount role of integrins in cancer, we will present novel strategies for integrin inhibition that are starting to emerge, promising a hopeful future regarding cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bianconi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matthias Unseld
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gerald W Prager
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Du W, Li X, Chi Y, Ma F, Li Z, Yang S, Song B, Cui J, Ma T, Li J, Tian J, Yang Z, Feng X, Chen F, Lu S, Liang L, Han ZB, Han ZC. VCAM-1+ placenta chorionic villi-derived mesenchymal stem cells display potent pro-angiogenic activity. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:49. [PMID: 27044487 PMCID: PMC4820943 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a heterogeneous cell population that is promising for regenerative medicine. The present study was designed to assess whether VCAM-1 can be used as a marker of MSC subpopulation with superior angiogenic potential. Methods MSCs were isolated from placenta chorionic villi (CV). The VCAM-1+/− CV-MSCs population were separated by Flow Cytometry and subjected to a comparative analysis for their angiogenic properties including angiogenic genes expression, vasculo-angiogenic abilities on Matrigel in vitro and in vivo, angiogenic paracrine activities, cytokine array, and therapeutic angiogenesis in vascular ischemic diseases. Results Angiogenic genes, including HGF, ANG, IL8, IL6, VEGF-A, TGFβ, MMP2 and bFGF, were up-regulated in VCAM-1+CV-MSCs. Consistently, angiogenic cytokines especially HGF, IL8, angiogenin, angiopoitin-2, μPAR, CXCL1, IL-1β, IL-1α, CSF2, CSF3, MCP-3, CTACK, and OPG were found to be significantly increased in VCAM-1+ CV-MSCs. Moreover, VCAM-1+CV-MSCs showed remarkable vasculo-angiogenic abilities by angiogenesis analysis with Matrigel in vitro and in vivo and the conditioned medium of VCAM-1+ CV-MSCs exerted markedly pro-proliferative and pro-migratory effects on endothelial cells compared to VCAM-1−CV-MSCs. Finally, transplantation of VCAM-1+CV-MSCs into the ischemic hind limb of BALB/c nude mice resulted in a significantly functional improvement in comparison with VCAM-1−CV-MSCs transplantation. Conclusions VCAM-1+CV-MSCs possessed a favorable angiogenic paracrine activity and displayed therapeutic efficacy on hindlimb ischemia. Our results suggested that VCAM-1+CV-MSCs may represent an important subpopulation of MSC for efficient therapeutic angiogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0297-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xue Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Ying Chi
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Fengxia Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- Beijing Institute of Health and Stem Cells, No.1 Kangding Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Shaoguang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Baoquan Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Junjie Cui
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Tao Ma
- National Engineering Research Center of Cell Products, No.80, Fourth Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jianjian Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zhouxin Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Fang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Shihong Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Lu Liang
- Beijing Institute of Health and Stem Cells, No.1 Kangding Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Zhi-Bo Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Zhong-Chao Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.288, Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Beijing Institute of Health and Stem Cells, No.1 Kangding Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China. .,National Engineering Research Center of Cell Products, No.80, Fourth Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Herkenne S, Paques C, Nivelles O, Lion M, Bajou K, Pollenus T, Fontaine M, Carmeliet P, Martial JA, Nguyen NQN, Struman I. The interaction of uPAR with VEGFR2 promotes VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra117. [PMID: 26577922 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaa2403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In endothelial cells, binding of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to the receptor VEGFR2 activates multiple signaling pathways that trigger processes such as proliferation, survival, and migration that are necessary for angiogenesis. VEGF-bound VEGFR2 becomes internalized, which is a key step in the proangiogenic signal. We showed that the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) interacted with VEGFR2 and described the mechanism by which this interaction mediated VEGF signaling and promoted angiogenesis. Knockdown of uPAR in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) impaired VEGFR2 signaling, and uPAR deficiency in mice prevented VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Upon exposure of HUVECs to VEGF, uPAR recruited the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1) to VEGFR2, which induced VEGFR2 internalization. Thus, the uPAR-VEGFR2 interaction is crucial for VEGF signaling in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Herkenne
- Molecular Angiogenesis Laboratory, GIGA Research, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium. Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy. Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Cécile Paques
- Molecular Angiogenesis Laboratory, GIGA Research, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivier Nivelles
- Molecular Angiogenesis Laboratory, GIGA Research, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Michelle Lion
- Molecular Angiogenesis Laboratory, GIGA Research, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Khalid Bajou
- Molecular Angiogenesis Laboratory, GIGA Research, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium. Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Emirates of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thomas Pollenus
- Molecular Angiogenesis Laboratory, GIGA Research, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie Fontaine
- Molecular Angiogenesis Laboratory, GIGA Research, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Vesalius Research Center (VRC), Vlaams Instituut Biotechnologie, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, VRC, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joseph A Martial
- Molecular Angiogenesis Laboratory, GIGA Research, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Ngoc-Quynh-Nhu Nguyen
- Molecular Angiogenesis Laboratory, GIGA Research, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Struman
- Molecular Angiogenesis Laboratory, GIGA Research, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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7
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Laurenzana A, Fibbi G, Chillà A, Margheri G, Del Rosso T, Rovida E, Del Rosso M, Margheri F. Lipid rafts: integrated platforms for vascular organization offering therapeutic opportunities. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1537-57. [PMID: 25552244 PMCID: PMC11113367 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Research on the nanoscale membrane structures known as lipid rafts is relevant to the fields of cancer biology, inflammation and ischaemia. Lipid rafts recruit molecules critical to signalling and regulation of the invasion process in malignant cells, the leukocytes that provide immunity in inflammation and the endothelial cells that build blood and lymphatic vessels, as well as the patterning of neural networks. As angiogenesis is a common denominator, regulation of receptors and signalling molecules critical to angiogenesis is central to the design of new approaches aimed at reducing, promoting or normalizing the angiogenic process. The goal of this review is to highlight some of the key issues that indicate the involvement of endothelial cell lipid rafts at each step of so-called 'sprouting angiogenesis', from stimulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor to the choice of tip cells, activation of migratory and invasion pathways, recruitment of molecules that guide axons in vascular patterning and maturation of blood vessels. Finally, the review addresses opportunities for future studies to define how these lipid domains (and their constituents) may be manipulated to stimulate the so-called 'normalization' of vascular networks within tumors, and be identified as the main target, enabling the development of more efficient chemotherapeutics and cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laurenzana
- Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fibbi
- Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Anastasia Chillà
- Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Margheri
- Institute of Complex Systems (ISC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Del Rosso
- Department of Physics, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisabetta Rovida
- Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Del Rosso
- Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Margheri
- Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
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8
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Margheri F, Luciani C, Taddei ML, Giannoni E, Laurenzana A, Biagioni A, Chillà A, Chiarugi P, Fibbi G, Del Rosso M. The receptor for urokinase-plasminogen activator (uPAR) controls plasticity of cancer cell movement in mesenchymal and amoeboid migration style. Oncotarget 2015; 5:1538-53. [PMID: 24681666 PMCID: PMC4039230 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPAR) is up-regulated in malignant tumors. Historically the function of uPAR in cancer cell invasion is strictly related to its property to promote uPA-dependent proteolysis of extracellular matrix and to open a path to malignant cells. These features are typical of mesenchymal motility. Here we show that the full-length form of uPAR is required when prostate and melanoma cancer cells convert their migration style from the “path generating” mesenchymal to the “path finding” amoeboid one, thus conferring a plasticity to tumor cell invasiveness across three-dimensional matrices. Indeed, in response to a protease inhibitors-rich milieu, prostate and melanoma cells activated an amoeboid invasion program connoted by retraction of cell protrusions, RhoA-mediated rounding of the cell body, formation of a cortical ring of actin and a reduction of Rac-1 activation. While the mesenchymal movement was reduced upon silencing of uPAR expression, the amoeboid one was almost completely abolished, in parallel with a deregulation of small Rho-GTPases activity. In melanoma and prostate cancer cells we have shown uPAR colocalization with β1/β3 integrins and actin cytoskeleton, as well integrins-actin co-localization under both mesenchymal and amoeboid conditions. Such co-localizations were lost upon treatment of cells with a peptide that inhibits uPAR-integrin interactions. Similarly to uPAR silencing, the peptide reduced mesenchymal invasion and almost abolished the amoeboid one. These results indicate that full-length uPAR bridges the mesenchymal and amoeboid style of movement by an inward-oriented activity based on its property to promote integrin-actin interactions and the following cytoskeleton assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Margheri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of FlorenceIstituto Toscano Tumori
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Asuthkar S, Gogineni VR, Rao JS, Velpula KK. Nuclear Translocation of Hand-1 Acts as a Molecular Switch to Regulate Vascular Radiosensitivity in Medulloblastoma Tumors: The Protein uPAR Is a Cytoplasmic Sequestration Factor for Hand-1. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1309-22. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Mezentsev A, Nikolaev A, Bruskin S. Matrix metalloproteinases and their role in psoriasis. Gene 2014; 540:1-10. [PMID: 24518811 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the contribution of matrix metalloproteinases to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. In psoriasis, matrix metalloproteinases are involved in the structural changes of the epidermis via the modification of intracellular contacts and the composition of the extracellular matrix, promoting angiogenesis in the dermal blood vessels and the infiltration of immune cells. Moreover, some matrix metalloproteinases become differentially expressed during the disease eruption and their expression correlates with the clinical score. A separate section of the review is dedicated to the pharmacological approaches that are used to control matrix metalloproteinases, such as oral metalloproteinase inhibitors, such as azasugars and phosphonamides. The aim of this manuscript is to assess the role of matrix metalloproteinases in the physiological processes that accompany the disease. Moreover, it is especially important to evaluate progress in this field and characterize recently appeared medicines. Because any experimental drugs that target matrix metalloproteinases are involved in active clinical trials, this manuscript also reviews the latest experimental data regarding distribution and expression of matrix metalloproteinases in healthy skin and lesional skin. Therefore, the performed analysis highlights potential problems associated with the use of metalloproteinase inhibitors in clinical studies and suggests simple and easy understandable criteria that future innovative metalloproteinase inhibitors shall satisfy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Mezentsev
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, Gubkina str., Bld. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander Nikolaev
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, Gubkina str., Bld. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey Bruskin
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, Gubkina str., Bld. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Taubert H, Magdolen V, Kotzsch M. Impact of expression of the uPA system in sarcomas. Biomark Med 2013; 7:473-80. [PMID: 23734810 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The uPA system mainly comprises the urokinase-type plasminogen activator uPA, the cell-surface receptor uPA receptor and the inhibitor PAI-1. Its clinical and prognostic impact especially in breast cancer is well investigated. In this short report, we summarize the published data describing expression of uPA, PAI-1 and uPA receptor and their relevance to clinical and survival data in sarcomas underlining their impact as tumor biomarkers in this tumor type as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge Taubert
- Clinic of Urology, Division of Molecular Urology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Kong HK, Yoon S, Park JH. The regulatory mechanism of the LY6K gene expression in human breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:38889-900. [PMID: 22988241 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.394270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
LY6K is a cancer biomarker and a therapeutic target that induces invasion and metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms that determine human LY6K transcription are completely unknown. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in human LY6K gene regulation and expression, multiple cis-elements were predicted using TRANSFAC software, and the LY6K regulatory region was identified using the luciferase assay in the human LY6K gene promoter. We performed ChIP, EMSA, and supershift assays to investigate the transcription factor activity on the LY6K promoter, and the effect of a SNP and CpG site methylation on AP-1 transcription factor binding affinity. AP-1 and the CREB transcription factor bound to LY6K promoter within -550/-1, which was essential for LY6K expression, but only the AP-1 heterodimer, JunD, and Fra-1, modulates LY6K gene transcriptional level. A decrease in LY6K was associated with the SNP242 C allele, a polymorphic G/C-SNP at the 242 nucleotide in the LY6K promoter region (rs2585175), or methylation of the CpG site, which was closely located with the AP-1 site by interfering with binding of the AP-1 transcription factor to the LY6K promoter. Our findings reveal an important role for AP-1 activation in promoting LY6K gene expression that regulates cell mobility of breast cancer cells, whereas the SNP242 C allele or methylation of the CpG site may reduce the risk of invasion or metastasis by interfering AP-1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyung Kong
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-dong, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Korea
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Asuthkar S, Gondi CS, Nalla AK, Velpula KK, Gorantla B, Rao JS. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)-mediated regulation of WNT/β-catenin signaling is enhanced in irradiated medulloblastoma cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:20576-89. [PMID: 22511755 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.348888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is known to promote invasion, migration, and metastasis in cancer cells. In this report, we showed that ionizing radiation (IR)-induced uPAR has a role in WNT-β-catenin signaling and mediates induction of cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties in medulloblastoma cell lines UW228 and D283. We observed that IR induced the expression of uPAR and CSC markers, such as Musashi-1 and CD44, and activated WNT-7a-β-catenin signaling molecules. Overexpression of uPAR alone or with IR treatment led to increased WNT-7a-β-catenin-TCF/LEF-mediated transactivation, thereby promoting cancer stemness. In contrast, treatment with shRNA specific for uPAR (pU) suppressed WNT-7a-β-catenin-TCF/LEF-mediated transactivation both in vitro and in vivo. Quercetin, a potent WNT/β-catenin inhibitor, suppressed uPAR and uPAR-mediated WNT/β-catenin activation, and furthermore, addition of recombinant human WNT-7a protein induced uPAR, indicating the existence of a mutual regulatory relationship between uPAR and WNT/β-catenin signaling. We showed that uPAR was physically associated with the WNT effector molecule β-catenin on the membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus of IR-treated cells and CSC. Most interestingly, we demonstrated for the first time that localization of uPAR in the nucleus was associated with transcription factors (TF) and their specific response elements. We observed from uPAR-ChIP, TF protein, and protein/DNA array analyses that uPAR associates with activating enhancer-binding protein 2α (AP2a) and mediates β-catenin gene transcription. Moreover, association of uPAR with the β-catenin·TCF/LEF complex and various other TF involved during embryonic development and cancer indicates that uPAR is a potent activator of stemness, and targeting of uPAR in combination with radiation has significant therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Asuthkar
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois 61605, USA
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