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Hiroki H, Ishii Y, Piao J, Namikawa Y, Masutani M, Honda H, Akahane K, Inukai T, Morio T, Takagi M. Targeting Poly(ADP)ribose polymerase in BCR/ABL1-positive cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7588. [PMID: 37165001 PMCID: PMC10172294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BCR/ABL1 causes dysregulated cell proliferation and is responsible for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph1-ALL). In addition to the deregulatory effects of its kinase activity on cell proliferation, BCR/ABL1 induces genomic instability by downregulating BRCA1. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) effectively induce cell death in BRCA-defective cells. Therefore, PARPi are expected to inhibit growth of CML and Ph1-ALL cells showing downregulated expression of BRCA1. Here, we show that PARPi effectively induced cell death in BCR/ABL1 positive cells and suppressed colony forming activity. Prevention of BCR/ABL1-mediated leukemogenesis by PARP inhibition was tested in two in vivo models: wild-type mice that had undergone hematopoietic cell transplantation with BCR/ABL1-transduced cells, and a genetic model constructed by crossing Parp1 knockout mice with BCR/ABL1 transgenic mice. The results showed that a PARPi, olaparib, attenuates BCR/ABL1-mediated leukemogenesis. One possible mechanism underlying PARPi-dependent inhibition of leukemogenesis is increased interferon signaling via activation of the cGAS/STING pathway. This is compatible with the use of interferon as a first-line therapy for CML. Because tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy does not completely eradicate leukemic cells in all patients, combined use of PARPi and a TKI is an attractive option that may eradicate CML stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Hiroki
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yuko Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Jinhua Piao
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yui Namikawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Masutani
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 852-8523, Nagasaki, Japan
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koshi Akahane
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
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2
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Wang Q, Liu R, Zhang Q, Luo H, Wu X, Du T, Chen Y, Tan M, Liu Z, Sun S, Yang K, Tian J, Wang X. Biological effects of cancer stem cells irradiated by charged particle: a systematic review of in vitro studies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-022-04561-6. [PMID: 36611110 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is closely related to tumor recurrence, metastasis, and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. In addition, given the unique physical and biological advantages of charged particle, we hypothesized that charged particle irradiation would produce strong killing effects on CSCs. The purpose of our systematic review is to evaluate the biological effects of CSCs irradiated by charged particle, including proliferation, invasion, migration, and changes in the molecular level. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science until 17 march 2022 according to the key words. Included studies have to be vitro studies of CSCs irradiated by charged particle. Outcomes included one or more of radiation sensitivity, proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and molecular level changes, like DNA damage after been irradiated. RESULTS Eighteen studies were included in the final analysis. The 18 articles include 12-carbon ion irradiation, 4-proton irradiation, 1 α-particle irradiation, 1-carbon ion combine proton irradiation. CONCLUSION Through the extraction and analysis of data, we came to this conclusion: CSCs have obvious radio-resistance compared with non-CSCs, and charged particle irradiation or in combination with drugs could overcome this resistance, specifically manifested in inhibiting CSCs' proliferation, invasion, migration, and causing more and harder to repair DNA double-stranded breaks (DSB) of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730030, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Ruifeng Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730030, China.,Department of Postgraduate, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 730030, China.,Heavy Ion Therapy Center, Lanzhou Heavy Ions Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Qiuning Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730030, China.,Department of Postgraduate, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 730030, China.,Heavy Ion Therapy Center, Lanzhou Heavy Ions Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Hongtao Luo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730030, China.,Department of Postgraduate, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 730030, China.,Heavy Ion Therapy Center, Lanzhou Heavy Ions Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xun Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730030, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Tianqi Du
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730030, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Yanliang Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730030, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Mingyu Tan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730030, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730030, China.,Department of Postgraduate, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 730030, China.,Heavy Ion Therapy Center, Lanzhou Heavy Ions Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Shilong Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730030, China.,Department of Postgraduate, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 730030, China.,Heavy Ion Therapy Center, Lanzhou Heavy Ions Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Kehu Yang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Jinhui Tian
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730030, China. .,Department of Postgraduate, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 730030, China. .,Heavy Ion Therapy Center, Lanzhou Heavy Ions Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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3
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Chromosomal Instability in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Mechanistic Insights and Effects. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102533. [PMID: 35626137 PMCID: PMC9140097 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The most recent two decades have seen tremendous progress in the understanding and treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, a disease defined by the characteristic Philadelphia chromosome and the ensuing BCR::ABL fusion protein. However, the biology of the disease extends beyond the Philadelphia chromosome into a nebulous arena of chromosomal and genetic instability, which makes it a genetically heterogeneous disease. The BCR::ABL oncoprotein creates a fertile backdrop for oxidative damage to the DNA, along with impairment of genetic surveillance and the favoring of imprecise error-prone DNA repair pathways. These factors lead to growing chromosomal instability, manifested as additional chromosomal abnormalities along with other genetic aberrations. This worsens with disease progression to accelerated and blast phase, and modulates responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Treatment options that target the genetic aberrations that mitigate chromosome instability might be a potential area for research in patients with advanced phase CML.
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4
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Liu Y, Zhang YY, Han W, Zhang XH, Huang XJ, Xu LP. [Myelodysplastic syndrome with Philadelphia negative+8 clonal chromosomal abnormalities after tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia: a case report and literature]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2019; 40:697-699. [PMID: 31495143 PMCID: PMC7342884 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, China; epartment of Hematology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, China
| | - Y Y Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, China
| | - W Han
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, China
| | - X H Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, China
| | - X J Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, China
| | - L P Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, China
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5
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Taheri F, Goudarzi H, Faghihloo E. Aneuploidy and oncoviruses. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2076. [PMID: 31407416 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Seven oncogenic viruses are known for tumorigenesis and contribute to 12% of all human cancers. The oncogenic factors, the target tissue, and pathology of cancer vary among these viruses with several mechanisms proposed for the initiation and development of cancer. Aneuploidy in cells is associated with anomalies in chromosome number that can be a hallmark of cancer, a disease defined by expanded proliferative potential. In this review, we summarize the different mechanisms of aneuploidy and furthermore discuss recent findings of the role of viral oncoproteins in inducing cellular aneuploidy that might facilitate tumorigenesis. Improved understanding of viral oncogenesis may help to find new strategies for controlling virus-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Taheri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Faghihloo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Attenuated DNA damage responses and increased apoptosis characterize human hematopoietic stem cells exposed to irradiation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6071. [PMID: 29666389 PMCID: PMC5904119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24440-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure to precisely repair DNA damage in self-renewing Hematopoietic Stem and early Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) can disrupt normal hematopoiesis and promote leukemogenesis. Although HSPCs are widely considered a target of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced hematopoietic injury, definitive data regarding cell death, DNA repair, and genomic stability in these rare quiescent cells are scarce. We found that irradiated HSPCs, but not lineage-committed progenitors (CPs), undergo rapid ATM-dependent apoptosis, which is suppressed upon interaction with bone-marrow stroma cells. Using DNA repair reporters to quantify mutagenic Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) processes, we found that HSPCs exhibit reduced NHEJ activities in comparison with CPs. HSPC-stroma interactions did not affect the NHEJ capacity of HSPCs, emphasizing its cell autonomous regulation. We noted diminished expression of multiple double strand break (DSB) repair transcripts along with more persistent 53BP1 foci in irradiated HSPCs in comparison with CPs, which can account for low NHEJ activity and its distinct control in HSPCs. Finally, we documented clonal chromosomal aberrations in 10% of IR-surviving HSPCs. Taken together, our results revealed potential mechanisms contributing to the inherent susceptibility of human HSPC to the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of DNA damage.
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7
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Tang G, Medeiros LJ, Wang SA. How I investigate Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities of undetermined significance. Int J Lab Hematol 2018; 40:385-391. [PMID: 29624895 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of hematopoietic stem cell diseases characterized by cytopenia(s), morphological dysplasia, and clonal hematopoiesis. In some patients, the cause of cytopenia(s) is uncertain, even after thorough clinical and laboratory evaluation. Evidence of clonal hematopoiesis has been used to support a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome in this setting. In patients with cytopenia(s), the presence of clonal cytogenetic abnormalities, except for +8, del(20q) and -Y, can serve as presumptive evidence of myelodysplastic syndrome. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have detected myeloid neoplasm-related mutations in patients who do not meet the diagnostic criteria for myelodysplastic syndrome. Various terms have been adopted to describe these cases, including clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS). Similarly, studies have shown that certain chromosomal abnormalities, including ones commonly detected in myelodysplastic syndrome, may not be associated necessarily with an underlying myelodysplastic syndrome. These clonal cytogenetic abnormalities of undetermined significance (CCAUS) are similar to CHIP and CCUS. Here, we review the features of CCAUS, distinguishing CCAUS from clonal cytogenetic abnormalities associated with myelodysplastic syndrome, and the potential impact of CCAUS on patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L J Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S A Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
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8
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Roth M, Wang Z, Chen WY. SIRT1 and LSD1 competitively regulate KU70 functions in DNA repair and mutation acquisition in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50195-50214. [PMID: 27384990 PMCID: PMC5226577 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of BCR-ABL mutations underlies drug resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but the molecular mechanisms of mutation acquisition are poorly understood. We previously showed that lysine deacetylase sirtuin 1, SIRT1, promotes acquisition of BCR-ABL mutations in association with enhancing KU70 mediated non-homologous end joining DNA repair. In this study, we demonstrate that lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) plays an opposite role to SIRT1 in regulating DNA repair and mutation acquisition. In response to therapeutic stress and DNA damage, LSD1 and SIRT1 compete for binding to KU70 on DNA damage foci globally and on the ABL locus. The recruitment of SIRT1 or LSD1 to KU70 impacts chromatin structure but does not correlate well with their direct histone modification functions, and SIRT1 helps maintain histone H4K16 acetylation and open chromatin for repair. The competitive KU70 binding by these proteins affects cancer cells' ability to repair broken DNA and acquire resistant genetic mutations in CML and prostate cancer cells. We identify that the core domain of KU70 binds both LSD1 and SIRT1, forming a molecular basis for the competition. The C-terminal SAP motif of KU70 mediates LSD1/SIRT1 competitive interaction by suppressing LSD1 binding to KU70 and ectopic expression of SAP-deleted KU70 to CML cells compromises their ability to acquire BCR-ABL mutations. Our study reveals a novel cellular stress response mechanism in cancer cells and a key role of LSD1/SIRT1/KU70 dynamic interaction in regulating DNA repair and mutation acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Roth
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wen Yong Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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9
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Clonal chromosomal abnormalities appearing in Philadelphia chromosome-negative metaphases during CML treatment. Blood 2017; 130:2084-2091. [PMID: 28835440 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-07-792143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal chromosomal abnormalities in Philadelphia chromosome-negative (CCA/Ph-) metaphases emerge as patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) are treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We assessed the characteristics and prognostic impact of 598 patients with CP-CML treated on clinical trials with various TKIs. CCA/Ph- occurred in 58 patients (10%); the most common were -Y in 25 (43%) and trisomy 8 in 7 patients (12%). Response to TKI therapy was similar for patients with CCA/Ph- and those without additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACAs). We further categorized CCA/Ph- into those in which -Y was the only clonal abnormality, and all others. We found that patients with non -Y CCA/Ph- had worse failure-free survival (FFS), event-free survival (EFS), transformation-free survival (TFS), and overall survival (OS) compared with those without ACAs with the following 5-year rates: FFS (52% vs 70%, P = .02), EFS (68% vs 86%, P = .02), TFS (76% vs 94%, P < .01), and OS (79% vs 94%, P = .03). In a multivariate analysis, non -Y CCA/Ph- increased the risk of transformation or death when baseline characteristics were considered with a hazard ratio of 2.81 (95% confidence interval, 1.15-6.89; P = .02). However, this prognostic impact was not statistically significant when achieving BCR-ABL <10% at 3 months was included in the analysis. In conclusion, non -Y CCA/Ph- are associated with decreased survival when emerging in patients with chronic-phase CML across various TKIs. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00048672, #NCT00038649, and #NCT00050531 (imatinib); #NCT00254423 (dasatinib); #NCT00129740 (nilotinib); and NCT01570868 (ponatinib).
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10
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Koschmieder S, Vetrie D. Epigenetic dysregulation in chronic myeloid leukaemia: A myriad of mechanisms and therapeutic options. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 51:180-197. [PMID: 28778403 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The onset of global epigenetic changes in chromatin that drive tumor proliferation and heterogeneity is a hallmark of many forms of cancer. Identifying the epigenetic mechanisms that govern these changes and developing therapeutic approaches to modulate them, is a well-established avenue pursued in translational cancer medicine. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) arises clonally when a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) acquires the capacity to produce the constitutively active tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL1 fusion protein which drives tumor development. Treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) that target BCR-ABL1 has been transformative in CML management but it does not lead to cure in the vast majority of patients. Thus novel therapeutic approaches are required and these must target changes to biological pathways that are aberrant in CML - including those that occur when epigenetic mechanisms are altered. These changes may be due to alterations in DNA or histones, their biochemical modifications and requisite 'writer' proteins, or to dysregulation of various types of non-coding RNAs that collectively function as modulators of transcriptional control and DNA integrity. Here, we review the evidence for subverted epigenetic mechanisms in CML and how these impact on a diverse set of biological pathways, on disease progression, prognosis and drug resistance. We will also discuss recent progress towards developing epigenetic therapies that show promise to improve CML patient care and may lead to improved cure rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - David Vetrie
- Epigenetics Unit, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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11
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Czarnecka AM, Oborska S, Rzepecki P, Szczylik C. Development of chronic myeloid leukaemia in patients treated with anti-VEGF therapies for clear cell renal cell cancer. Future Oncol 2015; 11:17-26. [PMID: 24953672 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are novel therapies targeting specific cellular signalling pathways. Sunitinib and sorafenib primarily block tyrosine kinase receptors involved in the progression of many tumours, including clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC). Although developed to target selected receptors, it is becoming apparent that they inhibit other kinases; this may result in the development of unexpected side effects. This is potentially dangerous as kinases on noncancerous cells are also inhibited. TKI off-target effects contributing to cardiotoxicity, hypothyroidism, hypertension, fatigue, hair depigmentation, hand-foot syndrome and gastrointestinal perforation have been described. We report three patients (3/412) treated with sunitinib and sorafenib who developed chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) during treatment for ccRCC, proposing a molecular mechanism of tyrosine kinase inhibitors action on bone marrow cells that might be co-responsible for CML development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Sumption N, Goodhead DT, Anderson RM. Alpha-Particle-Induced Complex Chromosome Exchanges Transmitted through Extra-Thymic Lymphopoiesis In Vitro Show Evidence of Emerging Genomic Instability. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134046. [PMID: 26252014 PMCID: PMC4529306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to high-linear energy transfer α-particles includes environmental (e.g. radon gas and its decay progeny), medical (e.g. radiopharmaceuticals) and occupational (nuclear industry) sources. The associated health risks of α-particle exposure for lung cancer are well documented however the risk estimates for leukaemia remain uncertain. To further our understanding of α-particle effects in target cells for leukaemogenesis and also to seek general markers of individual exposure to α-particles, this study assessed the transmission of chromosomal damage initially-induced in human haemopoietic stem and progenitor cells after exposure to high-LET α-particles. Cells surviving exposure were differentiated into mature T-cells by extra-thymic T-cell differentiation in vitro. Multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridisation (M-FISH) analysis of naïve T-cell populations showed the occurrence of stable (clonal) complex chromosome aberrations consistent with those that are characteristically induced in spherical cells by the traversal of a single α-particle track. Additionally, complex chromosome exchanges were observed in the progeny of irradiated mature T-cell populations. In addition to this, newly arising de novo chromosome aberrations were detected in cells which possessed clonal markers of α-particle exposure and also in cells which did not show any evidence of previous exposure, suggesting ongoing genomic instability in these populations. Our findings support the usefulness and reliability of employing complex chromosome exchanges as indicators of past or ongoing exposure to high-LET radiation and demonstrate the potential applicability to evaluate health risks associated with α-particle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rhona M. Anderson
- Medical Research Council, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
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13
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Chereda B, Melo JV. Natural course and biology of CML. Ann Hematol 2015; 94 Suppl 2:S107-21. [PMID: 25814077 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-015-2325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder arising in the haemopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment. This disease is characterised by a reciprocal t(9;22) chromosomal translocation, resulting in the formation of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome containing the BCR-ABL1 gene. As such, diagnosis and monitoring of disease involves detection of BCR-ABL1. It is the BCR-ABL1 protein, in particular its constitutively active tyrosine kinase activity, that forges the pathogenesis of CML. This aberrant kinase signalling activates downstream targets that reprogram the cell to cause uncontrolled proliferation and results in myeloid hyperplasia and 'indolent' symptoms of chronic phase (CP) CML. Without successful intervention, the disease will progress into blast crisis (BC), resembling an acute leukaemia. This advanced disease stage takes on an aggressive phenotype and is almost always fatal. The cell biology of CML is also centred on BCR-ABL1. The presence of BCR-ABL1 can explain virtually all the cellular features of the leukaemia (enhanced cell growth, inhibition of apoptosis, altered cell adhesion, growth factor independence, impaired genomic surveillance and differentiation). This article provides an overview of the clinical and cell biology of CML, and highlights key findings and unanswered questions essential for understanding this disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Progression
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/physiopathology
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Proteins/chemistry
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Prognosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Chereda
- Departments of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, and Haematology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, 5000, Australia,
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14
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Deregulation of DNA double-strand break repair in multiple myeloma: implications for genome stability. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 25790254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121581.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by frequent chromosome abnormalities. However, the molecular basis for this genome instability remains unknown. Since both impaired and hyperactive double strand break (DSB) repair pathways can result in DNA rearrangements, we investigated the functionality of DSB repair in MM cells. Repair kinetics of ionizing-radiation (IR)-induced DSBs was similar in MM and normal control lymphoblastoid cell lines, as revealed by the comet assay. However, four out of seven MM cell lines analyzed exhibited a subset of persistent DSBs, marked by γ-H2AX and Rad51 foci that elicited a prolonged G2/M DNA damage checkpoint activation and hypersensitivity to IR, especially in the presence of checkpoint inhibitors. An analysis of the proteins involved in DSB repair in MM cells revealed upregulation of DNA-PKcs, Artemis and XRCC4, that participate in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and Rad51, involved in homologous recombination (HR). Accordingly, activity of both NHEJ and HR were elevated in MM cells compared to controls, as determined by in vivo functional assays. Interestingly, levels of proteins involved in a highly mutagenic, translocation-promoting, alternative NHEJ subpathway (Alt-NHEJ) were also increased in all MM cell lines, with the Alt-NHEJ protein DNA ligase IIIα, also overexpressed in several plasma cell samples isolated from MM patients. Overactivation of the Alt-NHEJ pathway was revealed in MM cells by larger deletions and higher sequence microhomology at repair junctions, which were reduced by chemical inhibition of the pathway. Taken together, our results uncover a deregulated DSB repair in MM that might underlie the characteristic genome instability of the disease, and could be therapeutically exploited.
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Herrero AB, San Miguel J, Gutierrez NC. Deregulation of DNA double-strand break repair in multiple myeloma: implications for genome stability. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121581. [PMID: 25790254 PMCID: PMC4366222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by frequent chromosome abnormalities. However, the molecular basis for this genome instability remains unknown. Since both impaired and hyperactive double strand break (DSB) repair pathways can result in DNA rearrangements, we investigated the functionality of DSB repair in MM cells. Repair kinetics of ionizing-radiation (IR)-induced DSBs was similar in MM and normal control lymphoblastoid cell lines, as revealed by the comet assay. However, four out of seven MM cell lines analyzed exhibited a subset of persistent DSBs, marked by γ-H2AX and Rad51 foci that elicited a prolonged G2/M DNA damage checkpoint activation and hypersensitivity to IR, especially in the presence of checkpoint inhibitors. An analysis of the proteins involved in DSB repair in MM cells revealed upregulation of DNA-PKcs, Artemis and XRCC4, that participate in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and Rad51, involved in homologous recombination (HR). Accordingly, activity of both NHEJ and HR were elevated in MM cells compared to controls, as determined by in vivo functional assays. Interestingly, levels of proteins involved in a highly mutagenic, translocation-promoting, alternative NHEJ subpathway (Alt-NHEJ) were also increased in all MM cell lines, with the Alt-NHEJ protein DNA ligase IIIα, also overexpressed in several plasma cell samples isolated from MM patients. Overactivation of the Alt-NHEJ pathway was revealed in MM cells by larger deletions and higher sequence microhomology at repair junctions, which were reduced by chemical inhibition of the pathway. Taken together, our results uncover a deregulated DSB repair in MM that might underlie the characteristic genome instability of the disease, and could be therapeutically exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Herrero
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario, IBSAL, IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús San Miguel
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas Aplicadas (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Norma C. Gutierrez
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario, IBSAL, IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Meng X, Qi X, Guo H, Cai M, Li C, Zhu J, Chen F, Guo H, Li J, Zhao Y, Liu P, Jia X, Yu J, Zhang C, Sun W, Yu Y, Jin Y, Bai J, Wang M, Rosales J, Lee KY, Fu S. Novel role for non-homologous end joining in the formation of double minutes in methotrexate-resistant colon cancer cells. J Med Genet 2014; 52:135-44. [PMID: 25537274 PMCID: PMC4316941 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Gene amplification is a frequent manifestation of genomic instability that plays a role in tumour progression and development of drug resistance. It is manifested cytogenetically as extrachromosomal double minutes (DMs) or intrachromosomal homogeneously staining regions (HSRs). To better understand the molecular mechanism by which HSRs and DMs are formed and how they relate to the development of methotrexate (MTX) resistance, we used two model systems of MTX-resistant HT-29 colon cancer cell lines harbouring amplified DHFR primarily in (i) HSRs and (ii) DMs. Results In DM-containing cells, we found increased expression of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) proteins. Depletion or inhibition of DNA-PKcs, a key NHEJ protein, caused decreased DHFR amplification, disappearance of DMs, increased formation of micronuclei or nuclear buds, which correlated with the elimination of DHFR, and increased sensitivity to MTX. These findings indicate for the first time that NHEJ plays a specific role in DM formation, and that increased MTX sensitivity of DM-containing cells depleted of DNA-PKcs results from DHFR elimination. Conversely, in HSR-containing cells, we found no significant change in the expression of NHEJ proteins. Depletion of DNA-PKcs had no effect on DHFR amplification and resulted in only a modest increase in sensitivity to MTX. Interestingly, both DM-containing and HSR-containing cells exhibited decreased proliferation upon DNA-PKcs depletion. Conclusions We demonstrate a novel specific role for NHEJ in the formation of DMs, but not HSRs, in MTX-resistant cells, and that NHEJ may be targeted for the treatment of MTX-resistant colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Meng
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuying Qi
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huanhuan Guo
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengdi Cai
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhao
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueyuan Jia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingcui Yu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (Harbin Medical University), Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jesusa Rosales
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ki-Young Lee
- Cell Biology & Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Songbin Fu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (Harbin Medical University), Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, China
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Synergism between bosutinib (SKI-606) and the Chk1 inhibitor (PF-00477736) in highly imatinib-resistant BCR/ABL⁺ leukemia cells. Leuk Res 2014; 39:65-71. [PMID: 25465126 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the dual BCR/ABL and Src inhibitor bosutinib and the Chk1 inhibitor PF-00477736 were examined in BCR/ABL(+) leukemia cells, particularly imatinib-resistant cells, including those with the T315I mutation. Bosutinib blocked PF-00477736-induced ERK1/2 activation and sharply increased apoptosis in association with Mcl-1 inhibition, p34(cdc2) dephosphorylation, BimEL up-regulation, and DNA damage in imatinib-resistant CML or Ph(+) ALL cell lines. Inhibition of Src or MEK1 by shRNA significantly enhanced PF-0047736 lethality. Bosutinib/PF-00477736 co-treatment also potentiated cell death in CD34(+) CML patient samples, including dasatinib-resistant blast crisis cells exhibiting both T315I and E355G mutations, but was minimally toxic to normal CD34(+) cells. Finally, combined in vivo treatment significantly suppressed BaF3/T315I tumor growth and prolonged survival in an allogeneic mouse model. Together, these findings suggest that this targeted combination strategy warrants attention in IM-resistant CML or Ph(+) ALL.
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Gale RP, Hlatky L, Sachs RK, Radivoyevitch T. Why is there so much therapy-related AML and MDS and so little therapy-related CML? Leuk Res 2014; 38:1162-4. [PMID: 25175829 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Peter Gale
- Haematology Research Centre, Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Lynn Hlatky
- Center of Cancer Systems Biology, GRI, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rainer K Sachs
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Tomas Radivoyevitch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Nishida Y, Mizutani N, Inoue M, Omori Y, Tamiya-Koizumi K, Takagi A, Kojima T, Suzuki M, Nozawa Y, Minami Y, Ohnishi K, Naoe T, Murate T. Phosphorylated Sp1 is the regulator of DNA-PKcs and DNA ligase IV transcription of daunorubicin-resistant leukemia cell lines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1839:265-74. [PMID: 24530422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious problem faced in the treatment of malignant tumors. In this study, we characterized the expression of non-homologous DNA end joining (NHEJ) components, a major DNA double strand break (DSB) repair mechanism in mammals, in K562 cell and its daunorubicin (DNR)-resistant subclone (K562/DNR). K562/DNR overexpressed major enzymes of NHEJ, DNA-PKcs and DNA ligase IV, and K562/DNR repaired DSB more rapidly than K562 after DNA damage by neocarzinostatin (MDR1-independent radiation-mimetic). Overexpressed DNA-PKcs and DNA ligase IV were also observed in DNR-resistant HL60 (HL60/DNR) cells as compared with parental HL60 cells. Expression level of DNA-PKcs mRNA paralleled its protein level, and the promoter activity of DNA-PKcs of K562/DNR was higher than that of K562, and the 5'-region between -49bp and the first exon was important for its activity. Because this region is GC-rich, we tried to suppress Sp1 family transcription factor using mithramycin A (MMA), a specific Sp1 family inhibitor, and siRNAs for Sp1 and Sp3. Both MMA and siRNAs suppressed DNA-PKcs expression. Higher serine-phosphorylated Sp1 but not total Sp1 of both K562/DNR and HL60/DNR was observed compared with their parental K562 and HL60 cells. DNA ligase IV expression of K562/DNR was also suppressed significantly with Sp1 family protein inhibition. EMSA and ChIP assay confirmed higher binding of Sp1 and Sp3 with DNA-PKcs 5'-promoter region of DNA-PKcs of K562/DNR than that of K562. Thus, the Sp1 family transcription factor affects important NHEJ component expressions in anti-cancer drug-resistant malignant cells, leading to the more aggressive MDR phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Nishida
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Mizutani
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Minami Inoue
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukari Omori
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Tamiya-Koizumi
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Takagi
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuhito Kojima
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Motoshi Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Yosuke Minami
- Division of Blood Transfusion/Division of Oncology and Hematology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ohnishi
- Oncology Center, Hamamatsu University Graduate School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoki Naoe
- National Hospital Organization, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Murate
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Cornélio DA, Tavares JCM, Pimentel TVCDA, Cavalcanti GB, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay adapted for analyzing genomic instability of human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:823-38. [PMID: 24328548 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are multipotent cells used in cell therapy research. One of the problems involving hMSCs is the possibility of genetic instability during in vitro expansion required to obtain a suitable number of cells for clinical applications. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay measures genetic instability by analyzing the presence of micronucleus (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), and nuclear buds (NBUDs) in binucleated cells. The present study describes modifications in the CBMN assay methodology to analyze genetic instability in hMSCs isolated from the umbilical vein and in vitro expanded. The best protocol to achieve binucleated hMSCs with preserved cytoplasm was as follows: cytochalasin B concentration (4.0 μg/mL), use of hypotonic treatment (3 min), and the fixative solution (9 methanol:1 acetic acid). These adaptations were reproduced in three hMSC primary cell cultures and also in XP4PA and A549 cell lines. The frequency of hMSCs treated with mitomycin-C presenting MN was lower than that with other nuclear alterations, indicating that the hMSCs contain mechanisms to avoid a high level of chromosomal breaks. However, a high frequency of cells with NPBs was detected and spontaneous anaphase bridges under normal hMSC in vitro culture were observed. Considering that anaphase bridges are characteristic alterations in tumor cells, the CBMN assay is indicated as an important tool associated with other genetic analyses in order to ensure the safe clinical use of hMSCs in cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Afonso Cornélio
- 1 Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Natal, Brazil
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Morotti A, Panuzzo C, Fava C, Saglio G. Kinase-inhibitor-insensitive cancer stem cells in chronic myeloid leukemia. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:287-99. [PMID: 24387320 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.867323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the translocation t(9;22), coding for the chimeric protein BCR-ABL. The development of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has dramatically revolutionized and improved CML therapy. However, TKI-based therapy faces a major challenge: the insensitivity of CML leukemic stem cells (LSCs) to TKIs. In particular, while CML progenitor cells and differentiated cells are oncogene addicted, BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase is dispensable for CML LSC survival and maintenance. Notably, in CML, additional cellular mechanisms promote LSC survival and maintenance, rendering these cells able to survive even in the presence of TKI and to eventually promote relapse. AREAS COVERED This review will focus on the mechanisms of LSC insensitivity to TKI and on the strategies to obtain synthetic lethality with combination therapies. EXPERT OPINION Several pathways have been proposed to promote LSC maintenance and described as ideal targets to induce CML LSC exhaustion in combination with TKI. Ongoing clinical trials designed to target some of these pathways will assess which molecular target is relevant for in vivo human LSC survival in a new 'stem-cell targeting' perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Morotti
- University Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Division of Hematology and Internal Medicine, Department of Oncology , Orbassano - Turin , Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides a concise summary of significant research progress on SIRT1 deacetylase in leukemia in the past year. SIRT1 is a multifunctional protein and recent studies demonstrate that SIRT1 plays a crucial role in myeloid leukemogenesis and drug resistance. RECENT FINDINGS SIRT1 expression is typically low in normal adult hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, but is increased in the leukemic stem/progenitor cells of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). SIRT1 activation is mediated in both BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase-dependent and independent manners. SIRT1 activation promotes resistance of CML stem cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and acquisition of BCR-ABL mutations for acquired resistance. SUMMARY On the basis of current findings, SIRT1 inhibition in combination with BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors can be explored as a novel approach to eradicate leukemic stem cells and residual disease in chronic phase CML. SIRT1 inhibition may also help prevent acquired resistance through genetic mutations of advanced phases of CML, and extend remission.
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Oriana C, Martin H, Toby P, Chris C, Ruth G, Claudius R, Rod T. Complete cytogenetic response and major molecular response as surrogate outcomes for overall survival in first-line treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia: a case study for technology appraisal on the basis of surrogate outcomes evidence. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2013; 16:1081-1090. [PMID: 24041359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In 2012, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence assessed dasatinib, nilotinib, and standard-dose imatinib as first-line treatment of chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Licensing of these alternative treatments was based on randomized controlled trials assessing complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and major molecular response (MMR) at 12 months as primary end points. We use this case study to illustrate the validation of CCyR and MMR as surrogate outcomes for overall survival in CML and how this evidence was used to inform National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's recommendation on the public funding of these first-line treatments for CML. METHODS We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the association between CCyR and MMR at 12 months and overall survival in patients with chronic phase CML. We estimated life expectancy by extrapolating long-term survival from the weighted overall survival stratified according to the achievement of CCyR and MMR. RESULTS Five studies provided data on the observational association between CCyR or MMR and overall survival. Based on the pooled association between CCyR and MMR and overall survival, our modeling showed comparable predicted mean duration of survival (21-23 years) following first-line treatment with imatinib, dasatinib, or nilotinib. CONCLUSIONS This case study illustrates the consideration of surrogate outcome evidence in health technology assessment. Although it is often recommended that the acceptance of surrogate outcomes be based on randomized controlled trial data demonstrating an association between the treatment effect on both the surrogate outcome and the final outcome, this case study shows that policymakers may be willing to accept a lower level of evidence (i.e., observational association).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciani Oriana
- PenTAG, Institute of Health Services Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
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Takagi M, Sato M, Piao J, Miyamoto S, Isoda T, Kitagawa M, Honda H, Mizutani S. ATM-dependent DNA damage-response pathway as a determinant in chronic myelogenous leukemia. DNA Repair (Amst) 2013; 12:500-7. [PMID: 23694754 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) begins with an indolent chronic phase, and subsequently progresses to an accelerated or blastic phase. Although several genes are known to be involved in the progression to blastic phase, molecular mechanisms for the evolution toward blast crisis have not been fully identified. Oncogenic stimuli enforce cell proliferation, which requires DNA replication. Unscheduled DNA replication enforced by oncogenic stimuli leads to double strand breaks on DNA. We found the DNA damage-response pathway is activated in bone marrow of chronic-phase CML patients possibly due to an enforced proliferation signal by BCR-ABL expression. Since ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a central player of the DNA damage-response pathway, we studied whether loss of this pathway accelerates blast crisis. We crossed Atm-knockout mice with BCR-ABL transgenic mice to test this hypothesis. Interestingly, the loss of one of the Atm alleles was shown to be enough for the acceleration of the blast crisis, which is supported by the finding of increased genomic instability as assayed by breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle formation. In light of these findings, the DNA damage-response pathway plays a vital role for determination of susceptibility to blast crisis in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Takagi
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Department of the Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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Francipane MG, Chandler J, Lagasse E. Cancer Stem Cells: A Moving Target. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2013; 1:111-118. [PMID: 23914341 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-013-0010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Even though the number of anti-cancer drugs entering clinical trials and approved by the FDA has increased in recent years, many cancer patients still experience poor survival outcome. The main explanation for such a dismal prognosis is that current therapies might leave behind a population of cancer cells with the capacity for long-term self-renewal, so-called cancer stem cells (CSCs), from which most tumors are believed to be derived and fueled. CSCs might favor local and distant recurrence even many years after initial treatment, thus representing a potential target for therapies aimed at improving clinical outcome. In this review, we will address the CSC hypothesis with a particular emphasis on its current paradigms and debates, and discuss several mechanisms of CSC resistance to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Francipane
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA ; RiMed Foundation, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Impact of malignant stem cell burden on therapy outcome in newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Leukemia 2013; 27:1520-6. [PMID: 23328954 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) stem cells appear resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in vitro, but their impact and drug sensitivity in vivo has not been systematically assessed. We prospectively analyzed the proportion of Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemic stem cells (LSCs, Ph+CD34+CD38-) and progenitor cells (LPCs, Ph+CD34+CD38+) from 46 newly diagnosed CML patients both at the diagnosis and during imatinib or dasatinib therapy (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00852566). At diagnosis, the proportion of LSCs varied markedly (1-100%) between individual patients with a significantly lower median value as compared with LPCs (79% vs 96%, respectively, P=0.0001). The LSC burden correlated with leukocyte count, spleen size, hemoglobin and blast percentage. A low initial LSC percentage was associated with less therapy-related hematological toxicity and superior cytogenetic and molecular responses. After initiation of TKI therapy, the LPCs and LSCs rapidly decreased in both therapy groups, but at 3 months time point the median LPC level was significantly lower in dasatinib group compared with imatinib patients (0.05% vs 0.68%, P=0.032). These data detail for the first time the prognostic significance of the LSC burden at diagnosis and show that in contrast to in vitro data, TKI therapy rapidly eradicates the majority of LSCs in patients.
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Traulsen A, Lenaerts T, Pacheco JM, Dingli D. On the dynamics of neutral mutations in a mathematical model for a homogeneous stem cell population. J R Soc Interface 2012; 10:20120810. [PMID: 23221988 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The theory of the clonal origin of cancer states that a tumour arises from one cell that acquires mutation(s) leading to the malignant phenotype. It is the current belief that many of these mutations give a fitness advantage to the mutant population allowing it to expand, eventually leading to disease. However, mutations that lead to such a clonal expansion need not give a fitness advantage and may in fact be neutral--or almost neutral--with respect to fitness. Such mutant clones can be eliminated or expand stochastically, leading to a malignant phenotype (disease). Mutations in haematopoietic stem cells give rise to diseases such as chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). Although neutral drift often leads to clonal extinction, disease is still possible, and in this case, it has important implications both for the incidence of disease and for therapy, as it may be more difficult to eliminate neutral mutations with therapy. We illustrate the consequences of such dynamics, using CML and PNH as examples. These considerations have implications for many other tumours as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Traulsen
- Evolutionary Theory Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany.
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28
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Abstract
In this issue of Blood, Chakraborty and colleagues provide conclusive proof that primary chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells from patients in chronic phase demonstrate chromosomal instability after DNA damage, suggesting that BCR/ABL, among its myriad described functions, dysregulates nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) starting the progression of cells toward CML blast crisis.1
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