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Usart M, Stetka J, Luque Paz D, Hansen N, Kimmerlin Q, Almeida Fonseca T, Lock M, Kubovcakova L, Karjalainen R, Hao-Shen H, Börsch A, El Taher A, Schulz J, Leroux JC, Dirnhofer S, Skoda RC. Loss of Dnmt3a increases self-renewal and resistance to pegIFN-α in JAK2-V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood 2024; 143:2490-2503. [PMID: 38493481 PMCID: PMC11208296 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pegylated interferon alfa (pegIFN-α) can induce molecular remissions in patients with JAK2-V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) by targeting long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs). Additional somatic mutations in genes regulating LT-HSC self-renewal, such as DNMT3A, have been reported to have poorer responses to pegIFN-α. We investigated whether DNMT3A loss leads to alterations in JAK2-V617F LT-HSC functions conferring resistance to pegIFN-α treatment in a mouse model of MPN and in hematopoietic progenitors from patients with MPN. Long-term treatment with pegIFN-α normalized blood parameters and reduced splenomegaly and JAK2-V617F chimerism in single-mutant JAK2-V617F (VF) mice. However, pegIFN-α in VF;Dnmt3aΔ/Δ (VF;DmΔ/Δ) mice worsened splenomegaly and failed to reduce JAK2-V617F chimerism. Furthermore, LT-HSCs from VF;DmΔ/Δ mice compared with VF were less prone to accumulate DNA damage and exit dormancy upon pegIFN-α treatment. RNA sequencing showed that IFN-α induced stronger upregulation of inflammatory pathways in LT-HSCs from VF;DmΔ/Δ than from VF mice, indicating that the resistance of VF;DmΔ/Δ LT-HSC was not due to failure in IFN-α signaling. Transplantations of bone marrow from pegIFN-α-treated VF;DmΔ/Δ mice gave rise to more aggressive disease in secondary and tertiary recipients. Liquid cultures of hematopoietic progenitors from patients with MPN with JAK2-V617F and DNMT3A mutation showed increased percentages of JAK2-V617F-positive colonies upon IFN-α exposure, whereas in patients with JAK2-V617F alone, the percentages of JAK2-V617F-positive colonies decreased or remained unchanged. PegIFN-α combined with 5-azacytidine only partially overcame resistance in VF;DmΔ/Δ mice. However, this combination strongly decreased the JAK2-mutant allele burden in mice carrying VF mutation only, showing potential to inflict substantial damage preferentially to the JAK2-mutant clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Usart
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Stetka
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Damien Luque Paz
- University of Angers, Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Angers, INSERM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Intégrée Nantes Angers, Angers, France
| | - Nils Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Kimmerlin
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tiago Almeida Fonseca
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Lock
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Kubovcakova
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Riikka Karjalainen
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hui Hao-Shen
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anastasiya Börsch
- Department of Biomedicine, Bioinformatics, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Athimed El Taher
- Department of Biomedicine, Bioinformatics, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Schulz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Dirnhofer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Radek C. Skoda
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Coltoff A, Kuykendall A. Emerging drug profile: JAK inhibitors. Leuk Lymphoma 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38739701 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2024.2353434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulated JAK/STAT hyperactivity is essential to the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis, and JAK inhibitors are the first-line treatment option for many patients. There are four FDA-approved JAK inhibitors for patients with myelofibrosis. Single-agent JAK inhibition can improve splenomegaly, symptom burden, cytopenias, and possibly survival in patients with myelofibrosis. Despite their efficacy, JAK inhibitors produce variable or short-lived responses, in part due to the large network of cooperating signaling pathways and downstream targets of JAK/STAT, which mediates upfront or acquired resistance to JAK inhibitors. Synergistic inhibition of JAK/STAT accessory pathways can increase the rates and duration of response for patients with myelofibrosis. Two recently reported, placebo-controlled phase III trials of novel agents added to JAK inhibition met their primary endpoint, and additional late-stage studies are ongoing. This paper will review role of dysregulated JAK/STAT signaling, biological plausible additional therapeutic targets and the recent advancements in combination strategies with JAK inhibitors for myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Coltoff
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Andrew Kuykendall
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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3
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Rai S, Zhang Y, Grockowiak E, Kimmerlin Q, Hansen N, Stoll CB, Usart M, Luque Paz D, Hao-Shen H, Zhu Y, Roux J, Bader MS, Dirnhofer S, Farady CJ, Schroeder T, Méndez-Ferrer S, Skoda RC. IL-1β promotes MPN disease initiation by favoring early clonal expansion of JAK2-mutant hematopoietic stem cells. Blood Adv 2024; 8:1234-1249. [PMID: 38207211 PMCID: PMC10912850 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT JAK 2-V617F is the most frequent somatic mutation causing myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). JAK2-V617F can be found in healthy individuals with clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) with a frequency much higher than the prevalence of MPNs. The factors controlling the conversion of JAK2-V617F CHIP to MPN are largely unknown. We hypothesized that interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-mediated inflammation can favor this progression. We established an experimental system using bone marrow (BM) transplantations from JAK2-V617F and GFP transgenic (VF;GFP) mice that were further crossed with IL-1β-/- or IL-1R1-/- mice. To study the role of IL-1β and its receptor on monoclonal evolution of MPN, we performed competitive BM transplantations at high dilutions with only 1 to 3 hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) per recipient. Loss of IL-1β in JAK2-mutant HSCs reduced engraftment, restricted clonal expansion, lowered the total numbers of functional HSCs, and decreased the rate of conversion to MPN. Loss of IL-1R1 in the recipients also lowered the conversion to MPN but did not reduce the frequency of engraftment of JAK2-mutant HSCs. Wild-type (WT) recipients transplanted with VF;GFP BM that developed MPNs had elevated IL-1β levels and reduced frequencies of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Interestingly, frequencies of MSCs were also reduced in recipients that did not develop MPNs, had only marginally elevated IL-1β levels, and displayed low GFP-chimerism resembling CHIP. Anti-IL-1β antibody preserved high frequencies of MSCs in VF;GFP recipients and reduced the rate of engraftment and the conversion to MPN. Our results identify IL-1β as a potential therapeutic target for preventing the transition from JAK2-V617F CHIP to MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Rai
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elodie Grockowiak
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin Kimmerlin
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nils Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cedric B. Stoll
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Usart
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damien Luque Paz
- University of Angers, Nantes Université, CHU Angers, INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, Angers, France
| | - Hui Hao-Shen
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yexuan Zhu
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Roux
- Department of Biomedicine, Bioinformatics core facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael S. Bader
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Dirnhofer
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Radek C. Skoda
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Lysenko V, Schürch PM, Tuzlak S, van Wijk NWV, Kovtonyuk LV, Becher B, Manz MG, Kreutmair S, Theocharides APA. Blocking the CD47-SIRPα interaction reverses the disease phenotype in a polycythemia vera mouse model. Leukemia 2023:10.1038/s41375-023-01903-2. [PMID: 37095207 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01903-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Polycythemia vera (PV) is a hematopoietic stem cell neoplasm driven by somatic mutations in JAK2, leading to increased red blood cell (RBC) production uncoupled from mechanisms that regulate physiological erythropoiesis. At steady-state, bone marrow macrophages promote erythroid maturation, whereas splenic macrophages phagocytose aged or damaged RBCs. The binding of the anti-phagocytic ("don't eat me") CD47 ligand expressed on RBCs to the SIRPα receptor on macrophages inhibits phagocytic activity protecting RBCs from phagocytosis. In this study, we explore the role of the CD47-SIRPα interaction on the PV RBC life cycle. Our results show that blocking CD47-SIRPα in a PV mouse model due to either anti-CD47 treatment or loss of the inhibitory SIRPα-signal corrects the polycythemia phenotype. Anti-CD47 treatment marginally impacted PV RBC production while not influencing erythroid maturation. However, upon anti-CD47 treatment, high-parametric single-cell cytometry identified an increase of MerTK+ splenic monocyte-derived effector cells, which differentiate from Ly6Chi monocytes during inflammatory conditions, acquire an inflammatory phagocytic state. Furthermore, in vitro, functional assays showed that splenic JAK2 mutant macrophages were more "pro-phagocytic," suggesting that PV RBCs exploit the CD47-SIRPα interaction to escape innate immune attacks by clonal JAK2 mutant macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Lysenko
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick M Schürch
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Selma Tuzlak
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Wildner-Verhey van Wijk
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Larisa V Kovtonyuk
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus G Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Kreutmair
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre P A Theocharides
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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5
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Rai S, Grockowiak E, Hansen N, Luque Paz D, Stoll CB, Hao-Shen H, Mild-Schneider G, Dirnhofer S, Farady CJ, Méndez-Ferrer S, Skoda RC. Inhibition of interleukin-1β reduces myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis in mice with JAK2-V617F driven myeloproliferative neoplasm. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5346. [PMID: 36100613 PMCID: PMC9470591 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a master regulator of inflammation. Increased activity of IL-1β has been implicated in various pathological conditions including myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Here we show that IL-1β serum levels and expression of IL-1 receptors on hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells correlate with JAK2-V617F mutant allele fraction in peripheral blood of patients with MPN. We show that the source of IL-1β overproduction in a mouse model of MPN are JAK2-V617F expressing hematopoietic cells. Knockout of IL-1β in hematopoietic cells of JAK2-V617F mice reduces inflammatory cytokines, prevents damage to nestin-positive niche cells and reduces megakaryopoiesis, resulting in decrease of myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis. Inhibition of IL-1β in JAK2-V617F mutant mice by anti-IL-1β antibody also reduces myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis and shows additive effects with ruxolitinib. These results suggest that inhibition of IL-1β with anti-IL-1β antibody alone or in combination with ruxolitinib could have beneficial effects on the clinical course in patients with myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Rai
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elodie Grockowiak
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Nils Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damien Luque Paz
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cedric B Stoll
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hui Hao-Shen
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Mild-Schneider
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Dirnhofer
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Radek C Skoda
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
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6
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Casado-García A, Isidro-Hernández M, Oak N, Mayado A, Mann-Ran C, Raboso-Gallego J, Alemán-Arteaga S, Buhles A, Sterker D, Sánchez EG, Martínez-Cano J, Blanco O, Orfao A, Alonso-López D, De Las Rivas J, Riesco S, Prieto-Matos P, González-Murillo Á, García Criado FJ, García Cenador MB, Radimerski T, Ramírez-Orellana M, Cobaleda C, Yang JJ, Vicente-Dueñas C, Weiss A, Nichols KE, Sánchez-García I. Transient Inhibition of the JAK/STAT Pathway Prevents B-ALL Development in Genetically Predisposed Mice. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1098-1109. [PMID: 35131871 PMCID: PMC9359729 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Preventing development of childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), a disease with devastating effects, is a longstanding and unsolved challenge. Heterozygous germline alterations in the PAX5 gene can lead to B-ALL upon accumulation of secondary mutations affecting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Preclinical studies have shown that this malignant transformation occurs only under immune stress such as exposure to infectious pathogens. Here we show in Pax5+/- mice that transient, early-life administration of clinically relevant doses of ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor, significantly mitigates the risk of B-ALL following exposure to infection; 1 of 29 animals treated with ruxolitinib developed B-ALL versus 8 of 34 untreated mice. Ruxolitinib treatment preferentially targeted Pax5+/- versus wild-type B-cell progenitors and exerted unique effects on the Pax5+/- B-cell progenitor transcriptional program. These findings provide the first in vivo evidence for a potential strategy to prevent B-ALL development. SIGNIFICANCE JAK/STAT inhibition suppresses tumorigenesis in a B-ALL-susceptible mouse model, presenting a novel approach to prevent B-ALL onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Casado-García
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Isidro-Hernández
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ninad Oak
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Andrea Mayado
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Servicio de Citometría, Departamento de Medicina, Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer CIBER-CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400), Institute of Health Carlos III, and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Christine Mann-Ran
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Javier Raboso-Gallego
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Silvia Alemán-Arteaga
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alexandra Buhles
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dario Sterker
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena G. Sánchez
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Martínez-Cano
- Immune system development and function Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas -Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Blanco
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Servicio de Citometría, Departamento de Medicina, Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer CIBER-CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400), Institute of Health Carlos III, and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Diego Alonso-López
- Bioinformatics Unit, Cancer Research Center (CSIC-USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Research Group, Cancer Research Center (CSIC-USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Susana Riesco
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente, 58–182, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pablo Prieto-Matos
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente, 58–182, Salamanca, Spain
| | - África González-Murillo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier García Criado
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Begoña García Cenador
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Thomas Radimerski
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Ramírez-Orellana
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Cobaleda
- Immune system development and function Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas -Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jun J. Yang
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Carolina Vicente-Dueñas
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente, 58–182, Salamanca, Spain
- Corresponding Authors: Isidro Sánchez-García, Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program: Stem Cells, Cancer Stem Cells and Cancer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer IBMCC, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Campus M. de Unamuno S/N, Salamanca 37007, Spain. Phone: 349-2329-4813; E-mail: ; Carolina Vicente-Dueñas, ; Andreas Weiss, ; and Kim E. Nichols,
| | - Andreas Weiss
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
- Corresponding Authors: Isidro Sánchez-García, Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program: Stem Cells, Cancer Stem Cells and Cancer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer IBMCC, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Campus M. de Unamuno S/N, Salamanca 37007, Spain. Phone: 349-2329-4813; E-mail: ; Carolina Vicente-Dueñas, ; Andreas Weiss, ; and Kim E. Nichols,
| | - Kim E. Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
- Corresponding Authors: Isidro Sánchez-García, Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program: Stem Cells, Cancer Stem Cells and Cancer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer IBMCC, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Campus M. de Unamuno S/N, Salamanca 37007, Spain. Phone: 349-2329-4813; E-mail: ; Carolina Vicente-Dueñas, ; Andreas Weiss, ; and Kim E. Nichols,
| | - Isidro Sánchez-García
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Corresponding Authors: Isidro Sánchez-García, Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program: Stem Cells, Cancer Stem Cells and Cancer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer IBMCC, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Campus M. de Unamuno S/N, Salamanca 37007, Spain. Phone: 349-2329-4813; E-mail: ; Carolina Vicente-Dueñas, ; Andreas Weiss, ; and Kim E. Nichols,
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7
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Contreras Castillo S, Montibus B, Rocha A, Duke W, von Meyenn F, McLornan D, Harrison C, Mullally A, Schulz R, Oakey RJ. Hydroxycarbamide effects on DNA methylation and gene expression in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Genome Res 2021; 31:1381-1394. [PMID: 34244229 PMCID: PMC8327916 DOI: 10.1101/gr.270066.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxycarbamide (HC, hydroxyurea) is a cytoreductive drug inducing cell cycle blockade. However, emerging evidence suggests that HC plays a role in the modulation of transcription through the activity of transcription factors and DNA methylation. Examining the global mechanism of action of HC in the context of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), for which HC is the first-line treatment, will provide a better understanding of its molecular effects. To explore the effects of HC genome-wide, transcriptomic analyses were performed on two clinically relevant cell types at different stages of differentiation treated with HC in a murine MPN model. This study was replicated in MPN patients by profiling genome-wide gene expression and DNA methylation using patient blood samples collected longitudinally, before and following HC exposure. The effects of HC on the transcriptome were not only associated with cell cycle interruption but also with hematopoietic functions. Moreover, a group of genes were restored to normal expression levels in murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) following drug treatment, including the master regulator of hematopoiesis, RUNX1. In humans, HC significantly modifies DNA methylation levels in HSCs at several distal regulatory regions, which we show to be associated with SPI1 binding sites and at the SPI1 locus itself. We have identified novel targets of HC that include pivotal transcription factors involved in hematopoiesis, and for the first time we report abnormal methylation patterns in MPN patients at the master regulator gene SPI1 and its distal binding sites, which HC is able to restore to normal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephania Contreras Castillo
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Bertille Montibus
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Azucena Rocha
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Will Duke
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ferdinand von Meyenn
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Donal McLornan
- Department of Hematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Harrison
- Department of Hematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Mullally
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Reiner Schulz
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J Oakey
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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8
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Benlabiod C, Dagher T, Marty C, Villeval JL. Lessons from mouse models of MPN. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 366:125-185. [PMID: 35153003 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, a variety of MPN mouse models have been developed to express in HSC the main mutations identified in patients: JAK2V617F, CALRdel52 or ins5 and MPLW515L. These models mimic quite faithfully human PV or ET with their natural evolutions into MF and their hemostasis complications, demonstrating the driver function of these mutations in MPN. Here, we review these models and show how they have improved our general understanding of MPN regarding (1) the mechanisms of fibrosis, thrombosis/hemorrhages and disease initiation, (2) the roles of additional mutations and signaling pathways in disease progression and (3) the preclinical development of novel therapies. We also address controversial results between these models and remind how these models may differ from human MPN onset and also how basically mice are not humans, encouraging caution when one draw lessons from mice to humans. Furthermore, the contribution of germline genetic predisposition, HSC and niche aging, metabolic, oxidative, replicative or genotoxic stress, inflammation, immune escape and additional mutations need to be considered in further investigations to encompass the full complexity of human MPN in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Benlabiod
- INSERM, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, UMR 1287, Villejuif, France
| | - Tracy Dagher
- INSERM, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, UMR 1287, Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline Marty
- INSERM, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, UMR 1287, Villejuif, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Villeval
- INSERM, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, UMR 1287, Villejuif, France.
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9
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Stetka J, Skoda RC. Mouse models of myeloproliferative neoplasms for pre-clinical testing of novel therapeutic agents. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2021; 165:26-33. [PMID: 33542546 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), are clonal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disorders driven by gain-of-function mutations in JAK2 (JAK2-V617F), CALR or MPL genes. MPN treatment options currently mainly consist of cytoreductive therapy with hydroxyurea and JAK2 inhibitors such as ruxolitinib and fedratinib. Pegylated interferon-alpha can induce complete molecular remission (CMR) in some MPN patients when applied at early stages of disease. The ultimate goal of modern MPN treatment is to develop novel therapies that specifically target mutant HSCs in MPN and consistently induce CMR. Basic research has identified a growing number of candidate drugs with promising effects in vitro. A first step on the way to developing these compounds into drugs approved for treatment of MPN patients often consists of examining the effects in vivo using pre-clinical mouse models of MPN. Here we review the current state of MPN mouse models and the experimental setup for their optimal use in drug testing. In addition to novel compounds, combinatorial therapeutic approaches are often considered for the treatment of MPN. Optimized and validated mouse models can provide an efficient way to rapidly assess and select the most promising combinations and thereby contribute to accelerating the development of novel therapies of MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stetka
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek C Skoda
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Poisson J, Tanguy M, Davy H, Camara F, El Mdawar MB, Kheloufi M, Dagher T, Devue C, Lasselin J, Plessier A, Merchant S, Blanc-Brude O, Souyri M, Mougenot N, Dingli F, Loew D, Hatem SN, James C, Villeval JL, Boulanger CM, Rautou PE. Erythrocyte-derived microvesicles induce arterial spasms in JAK2V617F myeloproliferative neoplasm. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2630-2643. [PMID: 32045382 PMCID: PMC7190923 DOI: 10.1172/jci124566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial cardiovascular events are the leading cause of death in patients with JAK2V617F myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). However, their mechanisms are poorly understood. The high prevalence of myocardial infarction without significant coronary stenosis or atherosclerosis in patients with MPNs suggests that vascular function is altered. The consequences of JAK2V617F mutation on vascular reactivity are unknown. We observe here increased responses to vasoconstrictors in arteries from Jak2V617F mice resulting from a disturbed endothelial NO pathway and increased endothelial oxidative stress. This response was reproduced in WT mice by circulating microvesicles isolated from patients carrying JAK2V617F and by erythrocyte-derived microvesicles from transgenic mice. Microvesicles of other cellular origins had no effect. This effect was observed ex vivo on isolated aortas, but also in vivo on femoral arteries. Proteomic analysis of microvesicles derived from JAK2V617F erythrocytes identified increased expression of myeloperoxidase as the likely mechanism accounting for their effect. Myeloperoxidase inhibition in microvesicles derived from JAK2V617F erythrocytes suppressed their effect on oxidative stress. Antioxidants such as simvastatin and N-acetyl cysteine improved arterial dysfunction in Jak2V617F mice. In conclusion, JAK2V617F MPNs are characterized by exacerbated vasoconstrictor responses resulting from increased endothelial oxidative stress caused by circulating erythrocyte-derived microvesicles. Simvastatin appears to be a promising therapeutic strategy in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Poisson
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Geriatrics Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Marion Tanguy
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hortense Davy
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Fatoumata Camara
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Belle El Mdawar
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marouane Kheloufi
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Tracy Dagher
- Inserm U1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, Villejuif, France
| | - Cécile Devue
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Lasselin
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Plessier
- Service d'Hépatologie, Pôle des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôpital Beaujon, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU Unity), AP-HP, Clichy, France.,Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires du Foie, French Network for Rare Liver Diseases (FILFOIE), European Reference Network (ERN), Clichy, France
| | - Salma Merchant
- Inserm U1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, Villejuif, France
| | - Olivier Blanc-Brude
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Souyri
- Inserm UMR S1131, University Hospital Institute (IHU), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Mougenot
- Inserm UMS 28, Phénotypage du petit animal, Plateforme d'expérimentations coeur-muscle-vaisseaux (PECMV), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institut Curie, Université de recherche PSL, Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institut Curie, Université de recherche PSL, Paris, France
| | - Stephane N Hatem
- Inserm, UMR 1166, Institut de cardiométabolisme et nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Chloé James
- Inserm U1034, Biology of Cardiovascular, Pessac, France.,University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France.,Laboratory of Hematology, Bordeaux University Hospital Center, Pessac, France
| | - Jean-Luc Villeval
- Inserm U1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, Villejuif, France
| | - Chantal M Boulanger
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou
- Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Inserm U1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI, Villejuif, France.,Service d'Hépatologie, Pôle des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôpital Beaujon, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU Unity), AP-HP, Clichy, France
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11
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Bartalucci N, Guglielmelli P, Vannucchi AM. Polycythemia vera: the current status of preclinical models and therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:615-628. [PMID: 32366208 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1762176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycythemia vera (PV) is the most common myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). PV is characterized by erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, increased hematocrit, and hemoglobin in the peripheral blood. Splenomegaly and myelofibrosis often occur in PV patients. Almost all PV patients harbor a mutation in the JAK2 gene, mainly represented by the JAK2V617F point mutation. AREAS COVERED This article examines the recent in vitro and in vivo available models of PV and moreover, it offers insights on emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The evidence from mouse models, resembling a PV-like phenotype generated by different technical approaches, is discussed. The authors searched PubMed, books, and clinicaltrials.gov for original and review articles and drugs development status including the terms Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Polycythemia Vera, erythrocytosis, hematocrit, splenomegaly, bone marrow fibrosis, JAK2V617F, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, MPN cytoreductive therapy, JAK2 inhibitor, histone deacetylase inhibitor, PV-like phenotype, JAK2V617F BMT, transgenic JAK2V617F mouse, JAK2 physiologic promoter. EXPERT OPINION Preclinical models of PV are valuable tools for enabling an understanding of the pathophysiology and the molecular mechanisms of the disease. These models provide new biological insights on the contribution of concomitant mutations and the efficacy of novel drugs in a 'more faithful' setting. This may facilitate an enhanced understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Bartalucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms - CRIMM, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Guglielmelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms - CRIMM, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro M Vannucchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms - CRIMM, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
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12
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Lysenko V, Wildner-Verhey van Wijk N, Zimmermann K, Weller MC, Bühler M, Wildschut MHE, Schürch P, Fritz C, Wagner U, Calabresi L, Psaila B, Flavell RA, Vannucchi AM, Mead AJ, Wild PJ, Dirnhofer S, Manz MG, Theocharides APA. Enhanced engraftment of human myelofibrosis stem and progenitor cells in MISTRG mice. Blood Adv 2020; 4:2477-2488. [PMID: 32502268 PMCID: PMC7284099 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The engraftment potential of myeloproliferative neoplasms in immunodeficient mice is low. We hypothesized that the physiological expression of human cytokines (macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and thrombopoietin) combined with human signal regulatory protein α expression in Rag2-/-Il2rγ-/- (MISTRG) mice might provide a supportive microenvironment for the development and maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) from patients with primary, post-polycythemia or post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis (MF). We show that MISTRG mice, in contrast to standard immunodeficient NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ and Rag2-/-Il2rγ-/- mice, supported engraftment of all patient samples investigated independent of MF disease stage or risk category. Moreover, MISTRG mice exhibited significantly higher human MF engraftment levels in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and spleen and supported secondary repopulation. Bone marrow fibrosis development was limited to 3 of 14 patient samples investigated in MISTRG mice. Disease-driving mutations were identified in all xenografts, and targeted sequencing revealed maintenance of the primary patient sample clonal composition in 7 of 8 cases. Treatment of engrafted mice with the current standard-of-care Janus kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib led to a reduction in human chimerism. In conclusion, the established MF patient-derived xenograft model supports robust engraftment of MF HSPCs and maintains the genetic complexity observed in patients. The model is suited for further testing of novel therapeutic agents to expedite their transition into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Lysenko
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Kathrin Zimmermann
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Christine Weller
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Bühler
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mattheus H E Wildschut
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Schürch
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Fritz
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Wagner
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Center for Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Bethan Psaila
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine
- Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, and
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alessandro M Vannucchi
- Center for Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Adam J Mead
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine
- Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, and
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Wild
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; and
| | - Stefan Dirnhofer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus G Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre P A Theocharides
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Rao TN, Hansen N, Hilfiker J, Rai S, Majewska JM, Leković D, Gezer D, Andina N, Galli S, Cassel T, Geier F, Delezie J, Nienhold R, Hao-Shen H, Beisel C, Di Palma S, Dimeloe S, Trebicka J, Wolf D, Gassmann M, Fan TWM, Lane AN, Handschin C, Dirnhofer S, Kröger N, Hess C, Radimerski T, Koschmieder S, Čokić VP, Skoda RC. JAK2-mutant hematopoietic cells display metabolic alterations that can be targeted to treat myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood 2019; 134:1832-1846. [PMID: 31511238 PMCID: PMC6872961 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased energy requirement and metabolic reprogramming are hallmarks of cancer cells. We show that metabolic alterations in hematopoietic cells are fundamental to the pathogenesis of mutant JAK2-driven myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). We found that expression of mutant JAK2 augmented and subverted metabolic activity of MPN cells, resulting in systemic metabolic changes in vivo, including hypoglycemia, adipose tissue atrophy, and early mortality. Hypoglycemia in MPN mouse models correlated with hyperactive erythropoiesis and was due to a combination of elevated glycolysis and increased oxidative phosphorylation. Modulating nutrient supply through high-fat diet improved survival, whereas high-glucose diet augmented the MPN phenotype. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses identified numerous metabolic nodes in JAK2-mutant hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that were altered in comparison with wild-type controls. We studied the consequences of elevated levels of Pfkfb3, a key regulatory enzyme of glycolysis, and found that pharmacological inhibition of Pfkfb3 with the small molecule 3PO reversed hypoglycemia and reduced hematopoietic manifestations of MPNs. These effects were additive with the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of glycolysis by 3PO altered the redox homeostasis, leading to accumulation of reactive oxygen species and augmented apoptosis rate. Our findings reveal the contribution of metabolic alterations to the pathogenesis of MPNs and suggest that metabolic dependencies of mutant cells represent vulnerabilities that can be targeted for treating MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tata Nageswara Rao
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nils Hansen
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julian Hilfiker
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shivam Rai
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia-Magdalena Majewska
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danijela Leković
- Clinic of Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Deniz Gezer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicola Andina
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serena Galli
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Cassel
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Florian Geier
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ronny Nienhold
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hui Hao-Shen
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Beisel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serena Di Palma
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Dimeloe
- Immunobiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Odense Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Internal Medicine V, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immunoncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Teresa W-M Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Stefan Dirnhofer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolaus Kröger
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Hess
- Immunobiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Radimerski
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vladan P Čokić
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radek C Skoda
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Chapeau EA, Mandon E, Gill J, Romanet V, Ebel N, Powajbo V, Andraos-Rey R, Qian Z, Kininis M, Zumstein-Mecker S, Ito M, Hynes NE, Tiedt R, Hofmann F, Eshkind L, Bockamp E, Kinzel B, Mueller M, Murakami M, Baffert F, Radimerski T. A conditional inducible JAK2V617F transgenic mouse model reveals myeloproliferative disease that is reversible upon switching off transgene expression. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221635. [PMID: 31600213 PMCID: PMC6786561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the JAK/STAT pathway is thought to be the critical event in the pathogenesis of the chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis. The most frequent genetic alteration in these pathologies is the activating JAK2V617F mutation, and expression of the mutant gene in mouse models was shown to cause a phenotype resembling the human diseases. Given the body of genetic evidence, it has come as a sobering finding that JAK inhibitor therapy only modestly suppresses the JAK2V617F allele burden, despite showing clear benefits in terms of reducing splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms in patients. To gain a better understanding if JAK2V617F is required for maintenance of myeloproliferative disease once it has evolved, we generated a conditional inducible transgenic JAK2V617F mouse model using the SCL-tTA-2S tet-off system. Our model corroborates that expression of JAK2V617F in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells recapitulates key hallmarks of human myeloproliferative neoplasms, and exhibits gender differences in disease manifestation. The disease was found to be transplantable, and importantly, reversible when transgenic JAK2V617F expression was switched off. Our results indicate that mutant JAK2V617F-specific inhibitors should result in profound disease modification by disabling the myeloproliferative clone bearing mutant JAK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie A. Chapeau
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Emeline Mandon
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jason Gill
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Romanet
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Ebel
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Violetta Powajbo
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rita Andraos-Rey
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhiyan Qian
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miltos Kininis
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Moriko Ito
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nancy E. Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Tiedt
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Hofmann
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leonid Eshkind
- Institute for Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ernesto Bockamp
- Institute for Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Kinzel
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Mueller
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Masato Murakami
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Baffert
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Radimerski
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Greenfield G, McPherson S, Mills K, McMullin MF. The ruxolitinib effect: understanding how molecular pathogenesis and epigenetic dysregulation impact therapeutic efficacy in myeloproliferative neoplasms. J Transl Med 2018; 16:360. [PMID: 30558676 PMCID: PMC6296062 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), polycythaemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) are linked by a propensity to thrombosis formation and a risk of leukaemic transformation. Activation of cytokine independent signalling through the JAK/STAT cascade is a feature of these disorders. A point mutation in exon 14 of the JAK2 gene resulting in the formation of the JAK2 V617F transcript occurs in 95% of PV patients and around 50% of ET and PMF patients driving constitutive activation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Mutations in CALR or MPL are present as driving mutations in the majority of remaining ET and PMF patients. Ruxolitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor which inhibits JAK1 and JAK2. It is approved for use in intermediate and high risk PMF, and in PV patients who are resistant or intolerant to hydroxycarbamide. In randomised controlled trials it has demonstrated efficacy in spleen volume reduction and symptom burden reduction with a moderate improvement in overall survival in PMF. In PV, there is demonstrated benefit in haematocrit control and spleen volume. Despite these benefits, there is limited impact to induce complete haematological remission with normalisation of blood counts, reduce the mutant allele burden or reverse bone marrow fibrosis. Clonal evolution has been observed on ruxolitinib therapy and transformation to acute leukaemia can still occur. This review will concentrate on understanding the clinical and molecular effects of ruxolitinib in MPN. We will focus on understanding the limitations of JAK inhibition and the challenges to improving therapeutic efficacy in these disorders. We will explore the demonstrated benefits and disadvantages of ruxolitinib in the clinic, the role of genomic and clonal variability in pathogenesis and response to JAK inhibition, epigenetic changes which impact on response to therapy, the role of DNA damage and the role of inflammation in these disorders. Finally, we will summarise the future prospects for improving therapy in MPN in the JAK inhibition era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Greenfield
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Suzanne McPherson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ken Mills
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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16
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HSP27 is a partner of JAK2-STAT5 and a potential therapeutic target in myelofibrosis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1431. [PMID: 29650953 PMCID: PMC5897330 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27/HSPB1) is a stress-inducible chaperone that facilitates cancer development by its proliferative and anti-apoptotic functions. The OGX-427 antisense oligonucleotide against HSP27 has been reported to be beneficial against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Here we show that OGX-427 is effective in two murine models of thrombopoietin- and JAKV617F-induced myelofibrosis. OGX-427 limits disease progression and is associated with a reduction in spleen weight, in megakaryocyte expansion and, for the JAKV617F model, in fibrosis. HSP27 regulates the proliferation of JAK2V617F-positive cells and interacts directly with JAK2/STAT5. We also show that its expression is increased in both CD34+ circulating progenitors and in the serum of patients with JAK2-dependent myeloproliferative neoplasms with fibrosis. Our data suggest that HSP27 plays a key role in the pathophysiology of myelofibrosis and represents a new potential therapeutic target for patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Myelofibrosis is a chronic degenerative disorder characterized by progressive bone marrow fibrosis. Here, the authors show that the chaperone HSP27 contributes to myelofibrosis via regulation of the JAK2/STAT5 pathway, and that antisense oligonucleotides targeting HSP27 are effective in two mouse models of the disease
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17
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Nieborowska-Skorska M, Maifrede S, Dasgupta Y, Sullivan K, Flis S, Le BV, Solecka M, Belyaeva EA, Kubovcakova L, Nawrocki M, Kirschner M, Zhao H, Prchal JT, Piwocka K, Moliterno AR, Wasik M, Koschmieder S, Green TR, Skoda RC, Skorski T. Ruxolitinib-induced defects in DNA repair cause sensitivity to PARP inhibitors in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood 2017; 130:2848-2859. [PMID: 29042365 PMCID: PMC5746670 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-784942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) often carry JAK2(V617F), MPL(W515L), or CALR(del52) mutations. Current treatment options for MPNs include cytoreduction by hydroxyurea and JAK1/2 inhibition by ruxolitinib, both of which are not curative. We show here that cell lines expressing JAK2(V617F), MPL(W515L), or CALR(del52) accumulated reactive oxygen species-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and were modestly sensitive to poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors olaparib and BMN673. At the same time, primary MPN cell samples from individual patients displayed a high degree of variability in sensitivity to these drugs. Ruxolitinib inhibited 2 major DSB repair mechanisms, BRCA-mediated homologous recombination and DNA-dependent protein kinase-mediated nonhomologous end-joining, and, when combined with olaparib, caused abundant accumulation of toxic DSBs resulting in enhanced elimination of MPN primary cells, including the disease-initiating cells from the majority of patients. Moreover, the combination of BMN673, ruxolitinib, and hydroxyurea was highly effective in vivo against JAK2(V617F)+ murine MPN-like disease and also against JAK2(V617F)+, CALR(del52)+, and MPL(W515L)+ primary MPN xenografts. In conclusion, we postulate that ruxolitinib-induced deficiencies in DSB repair pathways sensitized MPN cells to synthetic lethality triggered by PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Maifrede
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yashodhara Dasgupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katherine Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sylwia Flis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pharmacology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bac Viet Le
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Solecka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elizaveta A Belyaeva
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lucia Kubovcakova
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel/University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Morgan Nawrocki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Martin Kirschner
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Josef T Prchal
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Katarzyna Piwocka
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alison R Moliterno
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and
| | - Mariusz Wasik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tony R Green
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Radek C Skoda
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel/University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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18
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Dunbar A, Nazir A, Levine R. Overview of Transgenic Mouse Models of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [PMID: 28640953 DOI: 10.1002/cpph.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a class of hematologic diseases characterized by aberrant proliferation of one or more myeloid lineages and progressive bone marrow fibrosis. In 2005, seminal work by multiple groups identified the JAK2V617F mutation in a significant fraction of MPN patients. Since that time, murine models of JAK2V617F have greatly enhanced the understanding of the role of aberrant JAK-STAT signaling in MPN pathogenesis and have provided an in vivo pre-clinical platform that can be used to develop novel therapies. From early retroviral transduction models to transgenics, and ultimately conditional knock-ins, murine models have established that JAK2V617F alone can induce an MPN-like syndrome in vivo. However, additional mutations co-occur with JAK2V617F in MPNs, often in proteins involved in epigenetic regulation that can dramatically influence disease outcomes. In vivo modeling of these mutations in the context of JAK2V617F has provided additional insights into the role of epigenetic dysregulation in augmenting MPN hematopoiesis. In this overview, early murine model development of JAK2V617F is described, with an analysis of its effects on the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell niche and interactions with downstream signaling elements. This is followed by a description of more recent in vivo models developed for evaluating the effect of concomitant mutations in epigenetic modifiers on MPN maintenance and progression. Mouse models of other driver mutations in MPNs, including primarily calreticulin (CALR) and Tpo-receptor (MPL), which occur in a significant percentage of MPN patients with wild-type JAK2, are also briefly reviewed. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dunbar
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | - Abbas Nazir
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | - Ross Levine
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York.,Leukemia Service Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York.,Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York.,Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
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19
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Cahu X, Constantinescu SN. Oncogenic Drivers in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: From JAK2 to Calreticulin Mutations. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2016; 10:335-43. [PMID: 26370832 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-015-0278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During the past 10 years, major progress has been accomplished with the discovery of activating mutations that are associated with the vast majority of BCR-ABL negative human myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The identification in 2005 of JAK2 V617F triggered great interest in the JAK2-STAT5/STAT3 pathway. Discovery in 2006 of mutants of thrombopoietin receptor (TPO-R/MPL) and later on of mutants in negative regulators of JAK-STAT pathway led to the notion that persistent JAK2 activation is a hallmark of MPNs. In 2013, mutations in the gene coding for the chaperone calreticulin were reported in 20-30% of essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis patients. Here, we will address the question: what do we know about calreticulin that could help us understand its role in MPNs? In addition to oncogenic driver mutations, certain MPNs also exhibit epigenetic mutations. Targeting of both oncogenic drivers and epigenetic defects could be required for effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Cahu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Avenue Hippocrate 74, UCL 75-4, Brussels, B1200, Belgium.,de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, B1200, Belgium
| | - Stefan N Constantinescu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Avenue Hippocrate 74, UCL 75-4, Brussels, B1200, Belgium. .,de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, B1200, Belgium.
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20
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JAK2 exon 12 mutant mice display isolated erythrocytosis and changes in iron metabolism favoring increased erythropoiesis. Blood 2016; 128:839-51. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-12-689216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Mice expressing a JAK2 exon 12 mutation display isolated erythrocytosis similar to the majority of patients with JAK2 exon 12 mutations. JAK2 exon 12 mutation induces changes in iron metabolism that increase iron availability to allow maximal production of red cells.
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21
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Shimizu T, Kubovcakova L, Nienhold R, Zmajkovic J, Meyer SC, Hao-Shen H, Geier F, Dirnhofer S, Guglielmelli P, Vannucchi AM, Feenstra JDM, Kralovics R, Orkin SH, Skoda RC. Loss of Ezh2 synergizes with JAK2-V617F in initiating myeloproliferative neoplasms and promoting myelofibrosis. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1479-96. [PMID: 27401344 PMCID: PMC4986524 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skoda et al. provide new insights into the collaboration between epigenetic regulator Ezh2 and a key hematopoietic tyrosine kinase in disease initiation and progression. Myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients frequently show co-occurrence of JAK2-V617F and mutations in epigenetic regulator genes, including EZH2. In this study, we show that JAK2-V617F and loss of Ezh2 in hematopoietic cells contribute synergistically to the development of MPN. The MPN phenotype induced by JAK2-V617F was accentuated in JAK2-V617F;Ezh2−/− mice, resulting in very high platelet and neutrophil counts, more advanced myelofibrosis, and reduced survival. These mice also displayed expansion of the stem cell and progenitor cell compartments and a shift of differentiation toward megakaryopoiesis at the expense of erythropoiesis. Single cell limiting dilution transplantation with bone marrow from JAK2-V617F;Ezh2+/− mice showed increased reconstitution and MPN disease initiation potential compared with JAK2-V617F alone. RNA sequencing in Ezh2-deficient hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and megakaryocytic erythroid progenitors identified highly up-regulated genes, including Lin28b and Hmga2, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)–quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of their promoters revealed decreased H3K27me3 deposition. Forced expression of Hmga2 resulted in increased chimerism and platelet counts in recipients of retrovirally transduced HSCs. JAK2-V617F–expressing mice treated with an Ezh2 inhibitor showed higher platelet counts than vehicle controls. Our data support the proposed tumor suppressor function of EZH2 in patients with MPN and call for caution when considering using Ezh2 inhibitors in MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Shimizu
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Kubovcakova
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ronny Nienhold
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakub Zmajkovic
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sara C Meyer
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hui Hao-Shen
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Geier
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Dirnhofer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paola Guglielmelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro M Vannucchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Robert Kralovics
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Radek C Skoda
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Janus kinase inhibition lessens inflammation and ameliorates disease in murine models of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Blood 2016; 127:1666-75. [PMID: 26825707 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-12-684399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) comprises an emerging spectrum of inherited and noninherited disorders of the immune system characterized by the excessive production of cytokines, including interferon-γ and interleukins 2, 6, and 10 (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10). The Janus kinases (JAKs) transduce signals initiated following engagement of specific receptors that bind a broad array of cytokines, including those overproduced in HLH. Based on the central role for cytokines in the pathogenesis of HLH, we sought to examine whether the inhibition of JAK function might lessen inflammation in murine models of the disease. Toward this end, we examined the effects of JAK inhibition using a model of primary (inherited) HLH in which perforin-deficient (Prf1(-∕-)) mice are infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and secondary (noninherited) HLH in which C57BL/6 mice receive repeated injections of CpG DNA. In both models, treatment with the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib significantly lessened the clinical and laboratory manifestations of HLH, including weight loss, organomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypercytokinemia, and tissue inflammation. Importantly, ruxolitinib treatment also significantly improved the survival of LCMV-infectedPrf1(-∕-)mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that in vivo exposure to ruxolitinib inhibited signal transducer and activation of transcription 1-dependent gene expression, limited CD8(+)T-cell expansion, and greatly reduced proinflammatory cytokine production, without effecting degranulation and cytotoxic function. Collectively, these findings highlight the JAKs as novel, druggable targets for mitigating the cytokine-driven hyperinflammation that occurs in HLH. These observations also support the incorporation of JAK inhibitors such as ruxolitinib into future clinical trials for patients with these life-threatening disorders.
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23
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Sánchez-Aguilera A, Arranz L, Martín-Pérez D, García-García A, Stavropoulou V, Kubovcakova L, Isern J, Martín-Salamanca S, Langa X, Skoda RC, Schwaller J, Méndez-Ferrer S. Estrogen signaling selectively induces apoptosis of hematopoietic progenitors and myeloid neoplasms without harming steady-state hematopoiesis. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 15:791-804. [PMID: 25479752 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens are potent regulators of mature hematopoietic cells; however, their effects on primitive and malignant hematopoietic cells remain unclear. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we observed differential expression and function of estrogen receptors (ERs) in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and progenitor subsets. ERα activation with the selective ER modulator (SERM) tamoxifen induced apoptosis in short-term HSCs and multipotent progenitors. In contrast, tamoxifen induced proliferation of quiescent long-term HSCs, altered the expression of self-renewal genes, and compromised hematopoietic reconstitution after myelotoxic stress, which was reversible. In mice, tamoxifen treatment blocked development of JAK2(V617F)-induced myeloproliferative neoplasm in vivo, induced apoptosis of human JAK2(V617F+) HSPCs in a xenograft model, and sensitized MLL-AF9(+) leukemias to chemotherapy. Apoptosis was selectively observed in mutant cells, and tamoxifen treatment only had a minor impact on steady-state hematopoiesis in disease-free animals. Together, these results uncover specific regulation of hematopoietic progenitors by estrogens and potential antileukemic properties of SERMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Sánchez-Aguilera
- Stem Cell Niche Pathophysiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Lorena Arranz
- Stem Cell Niche Pathophysiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Daniel Martín-Pérez
- Stem Cell Niche Pathophysiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Andrés García-García
- Stem Cell Niche Pathophysiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Vaia Stavropoulou
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Kubovcakova
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joan Isern
- Stem Cell Niche Pathophysiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Sandra Martín-Salamanca
- Stem Cell Niche Pathophysiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Xavier Langa
- Stem Cell Niche Pathophysiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Radek C Skoda
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Schwaller
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Stem Cell Niche Pathophysiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain.
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Debeurme F, Lacout C, Moratal C, Bagley RG, Vainchenker W, Adrian F, Villeval JL. JAK2 inhibition has different therapeutic effects according to myeloproliferative neoplasm development in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2564-74. [PMID: 26176817 PMCID: PMC4627562 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK2 inhibition therapy is used to treat patients suffering from myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Conflicting data on this therapy are reported possibly linked to the types of inhibitors or disease type. Therefore, we decided to compare in mice the effect of a JAK2 inhibitor, Fedratinib, in MPN models of increasing severity: polycythemia vera (PV), post-PV myelofibrosis (PPMF) and rapid post-essential thrombocythemia MF (PTMF). The models were generated through JAK2 activation by the JAK2(V617F) mutation or MPL constant stimulation. JAK2 inhibition induced a correction of splenomegaly, leucocytosis and microcytosis in all three MPN models. However, the effects on fibrosis, osteosclerosis, granulocytosis, erythropoiesis or platelet counts varied according to the disease severity stage. Strikingly, complete blockade of fibrosis and osteosclerosis was observed in the PPMF model, linked to correction of MK hyper/dysplasia, but not in the PTMF model, suggesting that MF development may also become JAK2-independent. Interestingly, we originally found a decreased in the JAK2(V617F) allele burden in progenitor cells from the spleen but not in other cell types. Overall, this study shows that JAK2 inhibition has different effects according to disease phenotypes and can (i) normalize platelet counts, (ii) prevent the development of marrow fibrosis/osteosclerosis at an early stage and (iii) reduce splenomegaly through blockage of stem cell mobilization in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Debeurme
- Inserm, U.1009, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Université Paris XI, Villejuif, France
| | - Catherine Lacout
- Inserm, U.1009, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Université Paris XI, Villejuif, France
| | - Claudine Moratal
- iBV, CNRS UMR7277, INSERM U1091, Université Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | | | - William Vainchenker
- Inserm, U.1009, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Université Paris XI, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Jean-Luc Villeval
- Inserm, U.1009, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Université Paris XI, Villejuif, France
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25
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Meyer SC, Keller MD, Chiu S, Koppikar P, Guryanova OA, Rapaport F, Xu K, Manova K, Pankov D, O'Reilly RJ, Kleppe M, McKenney AS, Shih AH, Shank K, Ahn J, Papalexi E, Spitzer B, Socci N, Viale A, Mandon E, Ebel N, Andraos R, Rubert J, Dammassa E, Romanet V, Dölemeyer A, Zender M, Heinlein M, Rampal R, Weinberg RS, Hoffman R, Sellers WR, Hofmann F, Murakami M, Baffert F, Gaul C, Radimerski T, Levine RL. CHZ868, a Type II JAK2 Inhibitor, Reverses Type I JAK Inhibitor Persistence and Demonstrates Efficacy in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:15-28. [PMID: 26175413 PMCID: PMC4503933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Although clinically tested JAK inhibitors reduce splenomegaly and systemic symptoms, molecular responses are not observed in most myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients. We previously demonstrated that MPN cells become persistent to type I JAK inhibitors that bind the active conformation of JAK2. We investigated whether CHZ868, a type II JAK inhibitor, would demonstrate activity in JAK inhibitor persistent cells, murine MPN models, and MPN patient samples. JAK2 and MPL mutant cell lines were sensitive to CHZ868, including type I JAK inhibitor persistent cells. CHZ868 showed significant activity in murine MPN models and induced reductions in mutant allele burden not observed with type I JAK inhibitors. These data demonstrate that type II JAK inhibition is a viable therapeutic approach for MPN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Meyer
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matthew D Keller
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sophia Chiu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Priya Koppikar
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olga A Guryanova
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Franck Rapaport
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Molecular Cytology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Katia Manova
- Molecular Cytology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dmitry Pankov
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Richard J O'Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maria Kleppe
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna Sophia McKenney
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alan H Shih
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Shank
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jihae Ahn
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eftymia Papalexi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Barbara Spitzer
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nick Socci
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Agnes Viale
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Emeline Mandon
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Ebel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Rita Andraos
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Joëlle Rubert
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Ernesta Dammassa
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Romanet
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Arno Dölemeyer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Michael Zender
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Heinlein
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Raajit Rampal
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Ronald Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - William R Sellers
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Francesco Hofmann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Masato Murakami
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Baffert
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Gaul
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Radimerski
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel 4056, Switzerland.
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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26
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Mager LF, Riether C, Schürch CM, Banz Y, Wasmer MH, Stuber R, Theocharides AP, Li X, Xia Y, Saito H, Nakae S, Baerlocher GM, Manz MG, McCoy KD, Macpherson AJ, Ochsenbein AF, Beutler B, Krebs P. IL-33 signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2579-91. [PMID: 26011644 DOI: 10.1172/jci77347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are characterized by the clonal expansion of one or more myeloid cell lineage. In most cases, proliferation of the malignant clone is ascribed to defined genetic alterations. MPNs are also associated with aberrant expression and activity of multiple cytokines; however, the mechanisms by which these cytokines contribute to disease pathogenesis are poorly understood. Here, we reveal a non-redundant role for steady-state IL-33 in supporting dysregulated myelopoiesis in a murine model of MPN. Genetic ablation of the IL-33 signaling pathway was sufficient and necessary to restore normal hematopoiesis and abrogate MPN-like disease in animals lacking the inositol phosphatase SHIP. Stromal cell-derived IL-33 stimulated the secretion of cytokines and growth factors by myeloid and non-hematopoietic cells of the BM, resulting in myeloproliferation in SHIP-deficient animals. Additionally, in the transgenic JAK2V617F model, the onset of MPN was delayed in animals lacking IL-33 in radio-resistant cells. In human BM, we detected increased numbers of IL-33-expressing cells, specifically in biopsies from MPN patients. Exogenous IL-33 promoted cytokine production and colony formation by primary CD34+ MPN stem/progenitor cells from patients. Moreover, IL-33 improved the survival of JAK2V617F-positive cell lines. Together, these data indicate a central role for IL-33 signaling in the pathogenesis of MPNs.
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Deletion of Stat3 in hematopoietic cells enhances thrombocytosis and shortens survival in a JAK2-V617F mouse model of MPN. Blood 2015; 125:2131-40. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-08-594572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Loss of Stat3 in hematopoietic cells enhances JAK2-V617F–driven thrombopoiesis and negatively impacts survival in mouse models. The phenotypic changes of Stat3-deficient JAK2-V617F mice could in part be mediated by increased Stat1 expression and activation.
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28
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Ortmann CA, Kent DG, Nangalia J, Silber Y, Wedge DC, Grinfeld J, Baxter EJ, Massie CE, Papaemmanuil E, Menon S, Godfrey AL, Dimitropoulou D, Guglielmelli P, Bellosillo B, Besses C, Döhner K, Harrison CN, Vassiliou GS, Vannucchi A, Campbell PJ, Green AR. Effect of mutation order on myeloproliferative neoplasms. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:601-612. [PMID: 25671252 PMCID: PMC4660033 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1412098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancers result from the accumulation of somatic mutations, and their properties are thought to reflect the sum of these mutations. However, little is known about the effect of the order in which mutations are acquired. METHODS We determined mutation order in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms by genotyping hematopoietic colonies or by means of next-generation sequencing. Stem cells and progenitor cells were isolated to study the effect of mutation order on mature and immature hematopoietic cells. RESULTS The age at which a patient presented with a myeloproliferative neoplasm, acquisition of JAK2 V617F homozygosity, and the balance of immature progenitors were all influenced by mutation order. As compared with patients in whom the TET2 mutation was acquired first (hereafter referred to as "TET2-first patients"), patients in whom the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mutation was acquired first ("JAK2-first patients") had a greater likelihood of presenting with polycythemia vera than with essential thrombocythemia, an increased risk of thrombosis, and an increased sensitivity of JAK2-mutant progenitors to ruxolitinib in vitro. Mutation order influenced the proliferative response to JAK2 V617F and the capacity of double-mutant hematopoietic cells and progenitor cells to generate colony-forming cells. Moreover, the hematopoietic stem-and-progenitor-cell compartment was dominated by TET2 single-mutant cells in TET2-first patients but by JAK2-TET2 double-mutant cells in JAK2-first patients. Prior mutation of TET2 altered the transcriptional consequences of JAK2 V617F in a cell-intrinsic manner and prevented JAK2 V617F from up-regulating genes associated with proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The order in which JAK2 and TET2 mutations were acquired influenced clinical features, the response to targeted therapy, the biology of stem and progenitor cells, and clonal evolution in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. (Funded by Leukemia and Lymphoma Research and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Ortmann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - David G Kent
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Jyoti Nangalia
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Yvonne Silber
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - David C Wedge
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Jacob Grinfeld
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - E Joanna Baxter
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Charles E Massie
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Elli Papaemmanuil
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Suraj Menon
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Anna L Godfrey
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Danai Dimitropoulou
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Paola Guglielmelli
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Beatriz Bellosillo
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Carles Besses
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Claire N Harrison
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - George S Vassiliou
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Alessandro Vannucchi
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
| | - Anthony R Green
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., A.R.G.) and Department of Hematology (C.A.O., D.G.K., J.N., Y.S., J.G., E.J.B., C.E.M., A.L.G., D.D., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital (C.A.O., J.N., J.G., E.J.B., A.L.G., G.S.V., P.J.C., A.R.G.), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (D.C.W., E.P., G.S.V., P.J.C.), and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre (S.M.), Cambridge, and Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London (C.N.H.) - all in the United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (P.G., A.V.); Departments of Pathology (B.B.) and Hematology (C.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona; and the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (K.D.)
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Chen E, Mullally A. How does JAK2V617F contribute to the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms? HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2014; 2014:268-276. [PMID: 25696866 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2014.1.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A decade on from the discovery of the JAK2V617F mutation in the majority of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), JAK2V617F is now firmly installed in the hematology curriculum of medical students and the diagnostic-testing algorithm of clinicians. Furthermore, the oral JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib, rationally designed to target activated JAK2 signaling in MPN, has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States for the past 3 years for the treatment of intermediate- and advanced-phase myelofibrosis. Notwithstanding this, JAK2V617F continues to stimulate the MPN research community and novel insights into understanding the mechanisms by which JAK2V617F contributes to the pathogenesis of MPN are continually emerging. In this chapter, we focus on recent advances in 4 main areas: (1) the molecular processes coopted by JAK2V617F to induce MPN, (2) the role that JAK2V617F plays in phenotypic diversity in MPN, (3) the functional impact of JAK2V617F on hematopoietic stem cells, and (4) therapeutic strategies to target JAK2V617F. Although great strides have been made, significant deficits still exist in our understanding of the precise mechanisms by which JAK2V617F-mutant hematopoietic stem cells emerge and persist to engender clonal hematopoiesis in MPN and in developing strategies to preferentially target the JAK2V617F-mutant clone therapeutically. Critically, although myelofibrosis remains arguably the greatest clinical challenge in JAK2V617F-mediated MPN, the current understanding of myelofibrosis-specific disease biology remains quite rudimentary. Therefore, many important biological questions pertaining to JAK2V617F will continue to engage and challenge the MPN research community in the coming decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Chen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ann Mullally
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Santisakultarm TP, Paduano CQ, Stokol T, Southard TL, Nishimura N, Skoda RC, Olbricht WL, Schafer AI, Silver RT, Schaffer CB. Stalled cerebral capillary blood flow in mouse models of essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera revealed by in vivo two-photon imaging. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:2120-30. [PMID: 25263265 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV) are myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) that share the JAK2(V617F) mutation in hematopoietic stem cells, leading to excessive production of predominantly platelets in ET, and predominantly red blood cells (RBCs) in PV. The major cause of morbidity and mortality in PV and ET is thrombosis, including cerebrovascular occlusive disease. OBJECTIVES To identify the effect of excessive blood cells on cerebral microcirculation in ET and PV. METHODS We used two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy to examine cerebral blood flow in transgenic mouse models that mimic MPNs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We found that flow was 'stalled' in an elevated fraction of brain capillaries in ET (18%), PV (27%), mixed MPN (14%) and secondary (non-MPN) erythrocytosis (27%) mice, as compared with controls (3%). The fraction of capillaries with stalled flow increased when the hematocrit value exceeded 55% in PV mice, and the majority of stalled vessels contained only stationary RBCs. In contrast, the majority of stalls in ET mice were caused by platelet aggregates. Stalls had a median persistence time of 0.5 and 1 h in ET and PV mice, respectively. Our findings shed new light on potential mechanisms of neurological problems in patients with MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Santisakultarm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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31
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Strassel C, Kubovcakova L, Mangin PH, Ravanat C, Freund M, Skoda RC, Denis CV, Dupuis A, Herbrecht R, Gachet C, Lanza F. Haemorrhagic and thrombotic diatheses in mouse models with thrombocytosis. Thromb Haemost 2014; 113:414-25. [PMID: 25298269 DOI: 10.1160/th14-08-0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We studied haemostasis in two mouse models with thrombocytosis caused by different pathogenic mechanisms. In one strain (Yall;Mpl-/-) thrombocytosis is driven by a misbalance between thrombopoietin and its receptor, whereas in the other strain, thrombocytosis is caused by expressing a human JAK2-V617F transgene (FF1) that depends on activation by Cre-recombinase (VavCre;FF1, MxCre;FF1). Thrombotic responses were increased following some, but not all types of challenges. In a vaso-occlusive thrombotic model following collagen-adrenaline injection we found increased mortality in both strains. Arterial thrombosis, examined after ferric chloride-induced carotid injury, was accelerated but with little impact on maximal thrombus size. In a vena cava stasis model, clots were of similar size as in wild-type controls, but exhibited a different composition with a higher platelet to fibrin ratio. Both thrombocytosis strains displayed increased haemorrhagic tendency in a tail bleeding assay. Yall;Mpl and VavCre;FF1 displayed a lower proportion of the more reactive high-molecular-weight forms of von Willebrand factor in their plasma, mimicking essential thrombocythaemia with very high platelet counts. Bleeding could not be explained by clear defects in platelet activation, which were normal or only weakly decreased. In conclusion, these models of thrombocytosis recapitulate several features of the haemorrhagic and thrombotic diatheses in ET and PV demonstrating potentials but also some limitations to study these major complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - François Lanza
- François Lanza, UMR S_949 - EFS-Alsace, 10, rue Spielmann, 67065 Strasbourg Cedex, France, Tel.: +33 388 21 25 25, Fax: +33 388 21 25 21, E-mail:
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Prick J, de Haan G, Green AR, Kent DG. Clonal heterogeneity as a driver of disease variability in the evolution of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:841-51. [PMID: 25201757 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.07.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal hematological diseases in which cells of the myelo-erythroid lineage are overproduced and patients are predisposed to leukemic transformation. Hematopoietic stem cells are the suspected disease-initiating cells, and these cells must acquire a clonal advantage relative to nonmutant hematopoietic stem cells to perpetuate disease. In 2005, several groups identified a single gain-of-function point mutation in JAK2 that associated with the majority of MPNs, and subsequent studies have led to a comprehensive understanding of the mutational landscape in MPNs. However, confusion still exists as to how a single genetic aberration can be associated with multiple distinct disease entities. Many explanations have been proposed, including JAK2V617F homozygosity, individual patient heterogeneity, and the differential regulation of downstream JAK2 signaling pathways. Several groups have made knock-in mouse models expressing JAK2V617F and have observed divergent phenotypes, each recapitulating some aspects of disease. Intriguingly, most of these models do not observe a strong hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal advantage compared with wild-type littermate controls, raising the question of how a clonal advantage is established in patients with MPNs. This review summarizes the current molecular understanding of MPNs and the diversity of disease phenotypes and proposes that the increased proliferation induced by JAK2V617F applies a selection pressure on the mutant clone that results in highly diverse clonal evolution in individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Prick
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Laboratory of Ageing Biology and Stem Cells, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald de Haan
- Laboratory of Ageing Biology and Stem Cells, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony R Green
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David G Kent
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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The Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)/Met Axis: A Neglected Target in the Treatment of Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms? Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1631-69. [PMID: 25119536 PMCID: PMC4190560 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Met is the receptor of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a cytoprotective cytokine. Disturbing the equilibrium between Met and its ligand may lead to inappropriate cell survival, accumulation of genetic abnormalities and eventually, malignancy. Abnormal activation of the HGF/Met axis is established in solid tumours and in chronic haematological malignancies, including myeloma, acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML), and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for the abnormal activation of HGF/Met pathways are described and discussed. Importantly, inCML and in MPNs, the production of HGF is independent of Bcr-Abl and JAK2V617F, the main molecular markers of these diseases. In vitro studies showed that blocking HGF/Met function with neutralizing antibodies or Met inhibitors significantly impairs the growth of JAK2V617F-mutated cells. With personalised medicine and curative treatment in view, blocking activation of HGF/Met could be a useful addition in the treatment of CML and MPNs for those patients with high HGF/MET expression not controlled by current treatments (Bcr-Abl inhibitors in CML; phlebotomy, hydroxurea, JAK inhibitors in MPNs).
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Neuropathy of haematopoietic stem cell niche is essential for myeloproliferative neoplasms. Nature 2014; 512:78-81. [DOI: 10.1038/nature13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Bartalucci N, Bogani C, Vannucchi AM. Preclinical models for drug selection in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2014; 8:317-24. [PMID: 24146202 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-013-0182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that an abnormally activated JAK-STAT signaling pathway is central to the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms has promoted the clinical development of small-molecule JAK2 inhibitors. These agents have shown remarkable efficacy in disease control, but do not induce molecular remission; on the other hand, interferon holds the promise to target the putative hematopoietic progenitor cell initiating the disease. The presence of additional molecular abnormalities indicates a high molecular complexity of myeloproliferative neoplasms, and the need for simultaneously targeting different targets. Several drugs are currently under study as single agents and in combination. This review briefly describes the several in vitro and in vivo models of myeloproliferative neoplasms that are being used as preclinical models for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Bartalucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Loss of wild-type Jak2 allele enhances myeloid cell expansion and accelerates myelofibrosis in Jak2V617F knock-in mice. Leukemia 2014; 28:1627-35. [PMID: 24480985 PMCID: PMC4117831 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
JAK2V617F is the most common mutation found in Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Although a majority of MPN patients carry heterozygous JAK2V617F mutation, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 9p involving the JAK2 locus has been observed in ~30% of MPN patients. JAK2V617F homozygosity via 9pLOH has been associated with more severe MPN phenotype. However, the contribution of 9pLOH in the pathogenesis of MPNs remains unclear. To investigate the roles of wild-type JAK2 (JAK2 WT) and JAK2V617F alleles in the development of MPNs, we have utilized conditional Jak2 knock-out and Jak2V617F knock-in mice and generated heterozygous, hemizygous and homozygous Jak2V617F mice. Whereas heterozygous Jak2V617F expression results in a polycythemia vera-like MPN in mice, loss of Jak2 WT allele in hemizygous or homozygous Jak2V617F mice results in markedly increased white blood cells, neutrophils, reticulocytes and platelets in the peripheral blood, and significantly larger spleen size compared with heterozygous Jak2V617F mice. Hemizygous or homozygous Jak2V617F mice also exhibit accelerated myelofibrosis compared with mice expressing heterozygous Jak2V617F. Together, these results suggest that loss of Jak2 WT allele increases the severity of the MPN. Thus, the Jak2 WT allele functions as a negative regulator of MPN induced by Jak2V617F.
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Zeidner JF, Karp JE, Blackford AL, Smith BD, Gojo I, Gore SD, Levis MJ, Carraway HE, Greer JM, Ivy SP, Pratz KW, McDevitt MA. A phase II trial of sequential ribonucleotide reductase inhibition in aggressive myeloproliferative neoplasms. Haematologica 2013; 99:672-8. [PMID: 24362550 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.097246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms are a varied group of disorders that can have prolonged chronic phases, but eventually accelerate and can transform into a secondary acute myeloid leukemia that is ultimately fatal. Triapine is a novel inhibitor of the M2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase. Sequential inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase with triapine and an M1 ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor (fludarabine) was noted to be safe, and led to a 29% complete plus partial response rate in myeloproliferative neoplasms. This article reports the findings of a phase II trial of triapine (105 mg/m(2)/day) followed by fludarabine (30 mg/m(2)/day) daily for 5 consecutive days in 37 patients with accelerated myeloproliferative neoplasms and secondary acute myeloid leukemia. The overall response rate was 49% (18/37), with a complete remission rate of 24% (9/37). Overall response rates and complete remissions were seen in all disease subsets, including secondary acute myeloid leukemia, in which the overall response rate and complete remission rate were 48% and 33%, respectively. All patients with known JAK2 V617F mutations (6/6) responded. The median overall survival of the entire cohort was 6.9 months, with a median overall survival of both overall responders and complete responders of 10.6 months. These data further demonstrate the promise of sequential inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase in patients with accelerated myeloproliferative neoplasms and secondary acute myeloid leukemia. This study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00381550).
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Evrot E, Ebel N, Romanet V, Roelli C, Andraos R, Qian Z, Dölemeyer A, Dammassa E, Sterker D, Cozens R, Hofmann F, Murakami M, Baffert F, Radimerski T. JAK1/2 and Pan-Deacetylase Inhibitor Combination Therapy Yields Improved Efficacy in Preclinical Mouse Models of JAK2V617F-Driven Disease. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:6230-41. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
The association between somatic JAK2 mutation and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) is now well established. However, because JAK2 mutations are associated with heterogeneous clinical phenotypes and often occur as secondary genetic events, some aspects of JAK2 mutation biology remain to be understood. We recently described a germline JAK2V617I mutation in a family with hereditary thrombocytosis and herein characterize the hematopoietic and signaling impact of JAK2V617I. Through targeted sequencing of MPN-associated mutations, exome sequencing, and clonality analysis, we demonstrate that JAK2V617I is likely to be the sole driver mutation in JAK2V617I-positive individuals with thrombocytosis. Phenotypic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were increased in the blood and bone marrow of JAK2V617I-positive individuals and were sustained at higher levels than controls after xenotransplantation. In signaling and transcriptional assays, JAK2V617I demonstrated more activity than wild-type JAK2 but substantially less than JAK2V617F. After cytokine stimulation, JAK2V617I resulted in markedly increased downstream signaling compared with wild-type JAK2 and comparable with JAK2V617F. These findings demonstrate that JAK2V617I induces sufficient cytokine hyperresponsiveness in the absence of other molecular events to induce a homogeneous MPN-like phenotype. We also provide evidence that the JAK2V617I mutation may expand the HSC pool, providing insights into both JAK2 mutation biology and MPN disease pathogenesis.
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Depletion of Jak2V617F myeloproliferative neoplasm-propagating stem cells by interferon-α in a murine model of polycythemia vera. Blood 2013; 121:3692-702. [PMID: 23487027 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-05-432989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-α (IFNα) is an effective treatment of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). In addition to inducing hematological responses in most MPN patients, IFNα reduces the JAK2V617F allelic burden and can render the JAK2V617F mutant clone undetectable in some patients. The precise mechanism underlying these responses is incompletely understood and whether the molecular responses that are seen occur due to the effects of IFNα on JAK2V617F mutant stem cells is debated. Using a murine model of Jak2V617F MPN, we investigated the effects of IFNα on Jak2V617F MPN-propagating stem cells in vivo. We report that IFNα treatment induces hematological responses in the model and causes depletion of Jak2V617F MPN-propagating cells over time, impairing disease transplantation. We demonstrate that IFNα treatment induces cell cycle activation of Jak2V617F mutant long-term hematopoietic stem cells and promotes a predetermined erythroid-lineage differentiation program. These findings provide insights into the differential effects of IFNα on Jak2V617F mutant and normal hematopoiesis and suggest that IFNα achieves molecular remissions in MPN patients through its effects on MPN stem cells. Furthermore, these results support combinatorial therapeutic approaches in MPN by concurrently depleting dormant JAK2V617F MPN-propagating stem cells with IFNα and targeting the proliferating downstream progeny with JAK2 inhibitors or cytotoxic chemotherapy.
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