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Zhu B, Wang X, Shimura T, Huang AC, Kong N, Dai Y, Fang J, Guo P, Ying JE. Development of potent antibody drug conjugates against ICAM1 + cancer cells in preclinical models of cholangiocarcinoma. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:93. [PMID: 37717087 PMCID: PMC10505223 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As a highly lethal adenocarcinoma of the hepatobiliary system, outcomes for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients remain prominently poor with a 5-year survival of <10% due to the lack of effective treatment modalities. Targeted therapeutics for CCA are limited and surgical resection of CCA frequently suffers from a high recurrence rate. Here we report two effective targeted therapeutics in this preclinical study for CCA. We first performed a quantitative and unbiased screening of cancer-related antigens using comparative flow cytometry in a panel of human CCA cell lines, and identified intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) as a therapeutic target for CCA. After determining that ICAM1 has the ability to efficiently mediate antibody internalization, we constructed two ICAM1 antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) by conjugating ICAM1 antibodies to different cytotoxic payloads through cleavable chemical linkers. The efficacies of two ICAM1 ADCs have been evaluated in comparison with the first-line chemodrug Gemcitabine in vitro and in vivo, and ICAM1 antibodies coupled with warhead DX-8951 derivative (DXd) or monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) elicit a potent and consistent tumor attenuation. In summary, this study paves the road for developing a promising targeted therapeutic candidate for clinical treatment of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhu
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study (UCAS), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Takaya Shimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | | | - Nana Kong
- MabPlex International, Yantai, Shandong, 264006, China
| | - Yujie Dai
- MabPlex International, Yantai, Shandong, 264006, China
| | - Jianmin Fang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Peng Guo
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China.
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
| | - Jie-Er Ying
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China.
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Binding and Efficacy of Anti-Robo4 CAR-T Cells against Solid Tumors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061273. [PMID: 35740295 PMCID: PMC9220079 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor expression T (CAR-T) cell therapy has been shown be efficacious against relapsed/refractory B-cell malignant lymphoma and has attracted attention as an innovative cancer treatment. However, cells of solid tumors are less accessible to CAR-T cells; moreover, CAR-T function is decreased in the immunosuppressive state of the tumor microenvironment. Since most tumors induce angiogenesis, we constructed CAR-T cells targeting roundabout homolog 4 (Robo4), which is expressed at high levels in tumor vascular endothelial cells, by incorporating three anti-Robo4 single-chain variable fragments (scFv) that were identified using phage display. We found that binding affinities of the three CARs to mouse and human Robo4 reflected their scFv affinities. More importantly, when each CAR-T cell was assayed in vitro, antigen-specific cytotoxicity, cytokine-producing ability, and proliferation were correlated with binding affinity for Robo4. In vivo, all three T-cells inhibited tumor growth in a B16BL6 murine model, which also correlated with Robo4 binding affinities. However, growth inhibition of mouse Robo4-expressing tumors was observed only in the model with CAR-T cells with the lowest Robo4 affinity. Therefore, at high Robo4 expression, CAR-T in vitro and in vivo were no longer correlated, suggesting that clinical tumors will require Robo4 expression assays.
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Predicting the Efficacy and Safety of TACTICs (Tumor Angiogenesis-Specific CAR-T Cells Impacting Cancers) Therapy for Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102735. [PMID: 32977646 PMCID: PMC7598286 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sarcomas have few effective treatment options due to the rarity and diversity and have a high risk of recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, the development of new therapeutics that can meet their medical needs is required. Our adoptive immunotherapy strategy using T cells to express the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), which is highly expressed on tumor vascular endothelial cells, has the potential to be a novel treatment against diverse sarcomas with abundant vascular invasion. Here, we optimized the manufacturing and transportation of anti-VEGFR2 CAR-mRNA-transfected T cells and collected information that allowed the extrapolation of their efficacy and safety potential for sarcoma patients. Our results support the development of a “first in humans” study to evaluate the potential of our anti-VEGFR2 CAR-T cell therapy as a new treatment option for sarcoma patients. Abstract Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are heterogeneous and aggressive malignancies with few effective therapies available. We have developed T cells expressing a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to establish a tumor angiogenesis-specific CAR-T cells impacting cancers (TACTICs) therapy. In this study, we optimized the manufacturing and transportation of mRNA-transfected anti-VEGFR2 CAR-T cells and collected information that allowed the extrapolation of the efficacy and safety potential of TACTICs therapy for STS patients. Although 5-methoxyuridines versus uridines did not improve CAR-mRNA stability in T cells, the utilization of CleanCap as a 5′ cap-structure extended the CAR expression level, increasing VEGFR2-specific cytotoxicity. Furthermore, 4 °C preservation conditions did not affect the viability/cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells, contrarily to a freeze-thaw approach. Importantly, immunohistochemistry showed that most of the STS patients’ specimens expressed VEGFR2, suggesting a great potential of our TACTICs approach. However, VEGFR2 expression was also detected in normal tissues, stressing the importance of the application of a strict monitoring schedule to detect (and respond to) the occurrence of adverse effects in clinics. Overall, our results support the development of a “first in humans” study to evaluate the potential of our TACTICs therapy as a new treatment option for STSs.
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Isumi Y, Hayashi S, Inoue T, Yoshigae Y, Sato T, Hasegawa J, Agatsuma T. DS-7080a, a Selective Anti-ROBO4 Antibody, Shows Anti-Angiogenic Efficacy with Distinctly Different Profiles from Anti-VEGF Agents. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:7. [PMID: 32879763 PMCID: PMC7442859 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.9.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) results from choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and causes severe vision loss. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies have significantly improved therapeutic outcomes; however, a substantial number of patients experience disease progression. Roundabout 4 (ROBO4) has been reported to be a vascular-specific protein that stabilizes vasculature in ocular pathological angiogenesis. To explore ROBO4 targeting as a novel treatment against neovascularization, we generated a humanized anti-human ROBO4 antibody, DS-7080a, and evaluated its efficacy. Methods ROBO4 mRNA in human whole eye cross-sections was examined by in situ hybridization. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration was measured in the presence of VEGF, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), or conditioned medium of primary human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cells. CNV was induced in cynomolgus monkeys by laser irradiation. Vascular leakage was measured by fluorescein angiography, and pathological changes were determined by histology. Results ROBO4 mRNA was detected in choroidal vessels of nAMD patients. DS-7080a suppressed HGF- or bFGF-induced HUVEC migration in addition to that induced by VEGF. Further, HUVEC migration induced by HRPE-conditioned medium was inhibited by either DS-7080a or ranibizumab in a similar manner, and the combination of these showed further inhibition. In a laser-induced CNV monkey model, single intravitreous administration of 1.1 mg/eye of DS-7080a reduced the incidence of grade 4 leakage from 44.45% in control eyes to 1.85% (P < 0.05 by Dunnett's test). Conclusions Anti-ROBO4 antibody DS-7080a suppressed HUVEC migration in a distinctly different fashion from anti-VEGF agents and improved laser-induced CNV in non-human primates. Translational Relevance DS-7080a may be a novel treatment option for nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Isumi
- Oncology Research Laboratories I, Oncology Function, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinko Hayashi
- Oncology Research Laboratories I, Oncology Function, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Inoue
- Specialty Medicine Research Laboratories I, Research Function, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yoshigae
- Research Planning Group, Research Function, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sato
- Specialty Medicine Research Laboratories II, Research Function, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Hasegawa
- Modality Research Laboratories, Biologics Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Agatsuma
- Oncology Research Laboratories I, Oncology Function, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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Impact of scFv structure in chimeric antigen receptor on receptor expression efficiency and antigen recognition properties. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:350-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Regulatory mechanisms of Robo4 and their effects on angiogenesis. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190513. [PMID: 31160487 PMCID: PMC6620384 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Roundabout4 (Robo4) is a transmembrane receptor that belongs to the Roundabout (Robo) family of axon guidance molecules. Robo4 is an endothelial-specific receptor that participates in endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis and the maintenance of vasculature homeostasis. The purpose of this review is to summarize and analyze three main mechanisms related to the expression and function of Robo4 during developmental and pathological angiogenesis. In this review, static shear stress and the binding of transcription factors such as E26 transformation-specific variant 2 (ETV2) and Slit3 induce Robo4 expression and activate Robo4 during tissue and organ development. Robo4 interacts with Slit2 or UNC5B to maintain vascular integrity, while a disturbed flow and the expression of transcription factors in inflammatory or neoplastic environments alter Robo4 expression levels, although these changes have uncertain functions. Based on the mechanisms described above, we discuss the aberrant expression of Robo4 in angiogenesis-related diseases and propose antiangiogenic therapies targeting the Robo4 signaling pathway for the treatment of ocular neovascularization lesions and tumors. Finally, although many problems related to Robo4 signaling pathways remain to be resolved, Robo4 is a promising and potentially valuable therapeutic target for treating pathological angiogenesis and developmental defects in angiogenesis.
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Chen W, Xia P, Wang H, Tu J, Liang X, Zhang X, Li L. The endothelial tip-stalk cell selection and shuffling during angiogenesis. J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 13:291-301. [PMID: 30903604 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-019-00511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a critical, fine-tuned, multi-staged biological process. Tip-stalk cell selection and shuffling are the building blocks of sprouting angiogenesis. Accumulated evidences show that tip-stalk cell selection and shuffling are regulated by a variety of physical, chemical and biological factors, especially the interaction among multiple genes, their products and environments. The classic Notch-VEGFR, Slit-Robo, ECM-binding integrin, semaphorin and CCN family play important roles in tip-stalk cell selection and shuffling. In this review, we outline the progress and prospect in the mechanism and the roles of the various molecules and related signaling pathways in endothelial tip-stalk cell selection and shuffling. In the future, the regulators of tip-stalk cell selection and shuffling would be the potential markers and targets for angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Anesthesia, Jilin Provincial People's Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Heping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihao Tu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyue Liang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China. .,Institute of Immunology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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8
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Wang R, Lai Q, Lu Y, Zhou Y, Tang L, Tao Y, Yao Y, Yu L, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang R, Jiang X, Gou L, Yang J. Expression of 5T4 extracellular domain fusion protein and preparation of anti-5T4 monoclonal antibody with high affinity and internalization efficiency. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 158:51-58. [PMID: 29981846 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
5T4, a membrane protein, is overexpressed in many tumor tissues but rarely expressed in normal tissues. Here, CHO-5T4+ cells were generated and served as the antigen to immunize mice. Hybridoma techniques were employed to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The recombinant protein of human IgG Fc-fused extracellular domain of 5T4 (5T4 ECD-Fc) was obtained from transient expression in HEK293F cells. The fusion protein 5T4 ECD-Fc and CHO-5T4+ cells were respectively utilized to screen anti-5T4 antibodies that could bind to the native antigen. In preliminary screening, three hundred and fifty mAbs were obtained. Via surface plasmon resonance and flow cytometry screening, seven anti-5T4 mAbs stood out. Among them, H6 showed a high affinity (KD = 1.6 × 10-11 M) and internalization percentage (36% for 1 h and 80% for 4 h). The molecular weight and isoelectric point of H6 were determined by LC-MS and iCIEF. Moreover, the specific reactivity of H6 was demonstrated by western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. In conclusion, we produced human recombinant protein of 5T4 extracellular domain and developed high-affinity internalizing monoclonal antibodies which may be applied in the 5T4-targeting ADC therapy and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinhuai Lai
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- The Gastroenterology Tumor and Microenvironment Laboratory, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangze Tang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiran Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, NO. 4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., China
| | - Lin Yu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lantu Gou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., China.
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Lowe DB, Bivens CK, Mobley AS, Herrera CE, McCormick AL, Wichner T, Sabnani MK, Wood LM, Weidanz JA. TCR-like antibody drug conjugates mediate killing of tumor cells with low peptide/HLA targets. MAbs 2018; 9:603-614. [PMID: 28273004 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1302630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The currently marketed antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) destabilize microtubule assembly in cancer cells and initiate apoptosis in patients. However, few tumor antigens (TA) are expressed at high densities on cancer lesions, potentially minimizing the therapeutic index of current ADC regimens. The peptide/human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex can be specifically targeted by therapeutic antibodies (designated T cell receptor [TCR]-like antibodies) and adequately distinguish malignant cells, but has not been the focus of ADC development. We analyzed the killing potential of TCR-like ADCs when cross-linked to the DNA alkylating compound duocarmycin. Our data comprise proof-of-principle results that TCR-like ADCs mediate potent tumor cytotoxicity, particularly under common scenarios of low TA/HLA density, and support their continued development alongside agents that disrupt DNA replication. Additionally, TCR-like antibody ligand binding appears to play an important role in ADC functionality and should be addressed during therapy development to avoid binding patterns that negate ADC killing efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin B Lowe
- a Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology , School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Abilene , TX , USA
| | - Camille K Bivens
- a Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology , School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Abilene , TX , USA
| | - Alexis S Mobley
- a Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology , School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Abilene , TX , USA
| | - Christian E Herrera
- a Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology , School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Abilene , TX , USA
| | - Amanda L McCormick
- a Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology , School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Abilene , TX , USA
| | - Timea Wichner
- a Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology , School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Abilene , TX , USA
| | - Manoj K Sabnani
- b Department of Biology , College of Science, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , TX , USA
| | - Laurence M Wood
- a Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology , School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Abilene , TX , USA
| | - Jon A Weidanz
- b Department of Biology , College of Science, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , TX , USA
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Ohkawa K, Asakura T, Tsukada Y, Matsuura T. Antibody to human α-fetoprotein inhibits cell growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by resuscitating the PTEN molecule: in vitro experiments. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:2180-2190. [PMID: 28498467 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that α-fetoprotein (AFP) is a new member of the intracellular signaling molecule family of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway via interaction with the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). In this study, the effects of anti-human AFP antibody on the functions of PTEN were examined using an AFP-producing human hepatoma cell line. The antibody caused significant inhibition of cell growth, compared to a normal IgG control, with the accumulation of intracellular immune complexes followed by significant reduction of cytosolic functional AFP. Decrease in the amount of AKT phosphorylated on serine (S) 473 indicated that PI3K/AKT signaling was suppressed in the cells. S380-phosphorylated PTEN increased markedly by the second day after antibody treatment, with slight but significant increase in the PTEN protein level. Since phosphorylation at S380 is critical for PTEN stability, the increase in S380-phosphorylated PTEN indicated maintenance of the number of PTEN molecules and the related potential to control PI3K/AKT signaling. p53 protein (P53) significantly, but slightly increased during antibody treatment, because PTEN expression increased the stability and function of P53 via both molecular interactions. P53 phosphorylated at S20 or at S392 dramatically increased, suggesting an increase in the stability, accumulation and activation of P53. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) increased immediately after antibody treatment, pointing to a deficiency of glucose in the cells. Immunofluorescence cytology revealed that antibody-treatment re-distributed GLUT1 molecules throughout the cytoplasm with a reduction of their patchy localization on the cell surface. This suggested that translocation of GLUT1 depends on the PI3K/AKT pathway, in particular on PTEN expression. Antibody therapy targeted at AFP-producing tumor cells showed an inhibitory effect on the PI3K/AKT pathway via the liberation, restoration and functional stabilization of PTEN. PTEN simultaneously induced both P53 activation and intracellular translocation of GLUT1, since these are closely associated with PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Ohkawa
- Stable Isotope Medical Applications Laboratory, Research Center for Medical Science, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tadashi Asakura
- Radioisotope Research Facilities, Research Center for Medical Science, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tsukada
- Hachioji Laboratory, SRL Inc., Komiya-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8535, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsuura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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11
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Tanaka T, Maekawa N, Kashio T, Izawa K, Ishiba R, Shirakura K, Ishimoto K, Hino N, Aird WC, Doi T, Okada Y. Tumor Necrosis Factor α Induces the Expression of the Endothelial Cell-Specific Receptor Roundabout4 through the Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:504-509. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Naoki Maekawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Taito Kashio
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Kohei Izawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Ryosuke Ishiba
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | | | - Kenji Ishimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Nobumasa Hino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - William C. Aird
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Molecular and Vascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - Takefumi Doi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Yoshiaki Okada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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12
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The Robo4 cytoplasmic domain is dispensable for vascular permeability and neovascularization. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13517. [PMID: 27882935 PMCID: PMC5123080 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular permeability and neovascularization are implicated in many diseases including retinopathies and diabetic wound healing. Robo4 is an endothelial-specific transmembrane receptor that stabilizes the vasculature, as shown in Robo4−/− mice that develop hyperpermeability, but how Robo4 signals remained unclear. Here we show that Robo4 deletion enhances permeability and revascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and accelerates cutaneous wound healing. To determine Robo4 signalling pathways, we generated transgenic mice expressing a truncated Robo4 lacking the cytoplasmic domain (Robo4ΔCD). Robo4ΔCD expression is sufficient to prevent permeability, and inhibits OIR revascularization and wound healing in Robo4−/− mice. Mechanistically, Robo4 does not affect Slit2 signalling, but Robo4 and Robo4ΔCD counteract Vegfr2-Y949 (Y951 in human VEGFR2) phosphorylation by signalling through the endothelial UNC5B receptor. We conclude that Robo4 inhibits angiogenesis and vessel permeability independently of its cytoplasmic domain, while activating VEGFR2-Y951 via ROBO4 inhibition might accelerate tissue revascularization in retinopathy of prematurity and in diabetic patients. Robo4 is a transmembrane protein that regulates vascular permeability. Zhang et al. now reveal the mechanism of Robo4 action and show that Robo4 and UncB are required for VEGF-mediated regulation of vascular barrier by suppressing VEGF-induced phosphorylation of its receptor Vegfr2 on Y949.
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Inoo K, Inagaki R, Fujiwara K, Sasawatari S, Kamigaki T, Nakagawa S, Okada N. Immunological quality and performance of tumor vessel-targeting CAR-T cells prepared by mRNA-EP for clinical research. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2016; 3:16024. [PMID: 27909701 PMCID: PMC5111575 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2016.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that tumor vessel-redirected T cells, which were genetically engineered with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), demonstrated significant antitumor effects in various murine solid tumor models. In the present study, we prepared anti-VEGFR2 CAR-T cells by CAR-coding mRNA electroporation (mRNA-EP) and analyzed their immunological characteristics and functions for use in clinical research. The expression of anti-VEGFR2 CAR on murine and human T cells was detected with approximately 100% efficiency for a few days, after peaking 6-12 hours after mRNA-EP. Triple transfer of murine anti-VEGFR2 CAR-T cells into B16BL6 tumor-bearing mice demonstrated an antitumor effect comparable to that for the single transfer of CAR-T cells engineered with retroviral vector. The mRNA-EP did not cause any damage or defects to human T-cell characteristics, as determined by viability, growth, and phenotypic parameters. Additionally, two kinds of human anti-VEGFR2 CAR-T cells, which expressed different CAR construction, differentiated to effector phase with cytokine secretion and cytotoxic activity in antigen-specific manner. These results indicate that our anti-VEGFR2 CAR-T cells prepared by mRNA-EP have the potential in terms of quality and performance to offer the prospect of safety and efficacy in clinical research as cellular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Inoo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Inagaki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Osaka, Japan
| | - Kento Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Kamigaki
- MEDINET Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan; Seta Clinic Group, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Okada
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Osaka, Japan
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14
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Antibody-drug conjugates: Current status and future perspectives. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 167:48-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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15
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Tsunoda SI. [Screening of functional antibodies by a scFv phage display library system for innovative biodrug development]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2016; 148:149-153. [PMID: 27581963 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.148.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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16
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Wragg JW, Finnity JP, Anderson JA, Ferguson HJM, Porfiri E, Bhatt RI, Murray PG, Heath VL, Bicknell R. MCAM and LAMA4 Are Highly Enriched in Tumor Blood Vessels of Renal Cell Carcinoma and Predict Patient Outcome. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2314-26. [PMID: 26921326 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The structure and molecular signature of tumor-associated vasculature are distinct from those of the host tissue, offering an opportunity to selectively target the tumor blood vessels. To identify tumor-specific endothelial markers, we performed a microarray on tumor-associated and nonmalignant endothelium collected from patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), colorectal carcinoma, or colorectal liver metastasis. We identified a panel of genes consistently upregulated by tumor blood vessels, of which melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) and its extracellular matrix interaction partner laminin alpha 4 (LAMA4) emerged as the most consistently expressed genes. This result was subsequently confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis of MCAM and LAMA4 expression in RCC and colorectal carcinoma blood vessels. Strong MCAM and LAMA4 expression was also shown to predict poor survival in RCC, but not in colorectal carcinoma. Notably, MCAM and LAMA4 were enhanced in locally advanced tumors as well as both the primary tumor and secondary metastases. Expression analysis in 18 different cancers and matched healthy tissues revealed vascular MCAM as highly specific in RCC, where it was induced strongly by VEGF, which is highly abundant in this disease. Lastly, MCAM monoclonal antibodies specifically localized to vessels in a murine model of RCC, offering an opportunity for endothelial-specific targeting of anticancer agents. Overall, our findings highlight MCAM and LAMA4 as prime candidates for RCC prognosis and therapeutic targeting. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2314-26. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Wragg
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical and Cardiovascular Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P Finnity
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical and Cardiovascular Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jane A Anderson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Henry J M Ferguson
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical and Cardiovascular Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emilio Porfiri
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rupesh I Bhatt
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G Murray
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria L Heath
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical and Cardiovascular Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Roy Bicknell
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical and Cardiovascular Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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17
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Expression of the Robo4 receptor in endothelial cells is regulated by two AP-1 protein complexes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:987-91. [PMID: 26459591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Roundabout4 (Robo4) is an endothelial cell-specific gene that plays an important role in endothelial cell stability. We previously identified a 3-kb Robo4 promoter and demonstrated the importance of its proximal region in regulating Robo4 gene expression. To investigate the role of the upstream promoter in Robo4 gene regulation, we searched evolutionarily conserved promoter regions by phylogenetic footprinting and identified three conserved promoter regions. The most upstream region included a conserved AP-1 binding motif at position -2875. A mutation in the AP-1 motif significantly decreased Robo4 promoter activity in a transient reporter assay. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay and a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated binding of a c-Jun/c-Jun complex and a c-Jun/Fra-1 complex to the AP-1 motif. Knockdown experiments using siRNA revealed that both c-Jun/c-Jun and c-Jun/Fra-1 complexes regulate Robo4 gene expression, and that the c-Jun/c-Jun complex is essential for maximum promoter activation. Collectively, these results indicate that AP-1 complexes regulate Robo4 gene expression in endothelial cells.
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18
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Kurogochi M, Mori M, Osumi K, Tojino M, Sugawara SI, Takashima S, Hirose Y, Tsukimura W, Mizuno M, Amano J, Matsuda A, Tomita M, Takayanagi A, Shoda SI, Shirai T. Glycoengineered Monoclonal Antibodies with Homogeneous Glycan (M3, G0, G2, and A2) Using a Chemoenzymatic Approach Have Different Affinities for FcγRIIIa and Variable Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Activities. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26200113 PMCID: PMC4511734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many therapeutic antibodies have been developed, and IgG antibodies have been extensively generated in various cell expression systems. IgG antibodies contain N-glycans at the constant region of the heavy chain (Fc domain), and their N-glycosylation patterns differ during various processes or among cell expression systems. The Fc N-glycan can modulate the effector functions of IgG antibodies, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). To control Fc N-glycans, we performed a rearrangement of Fc N-glycans from a heterogeneous N-glycosylation pattern to homogeneous N-glycans using chemoenzymatic approaches with two types of endo-β-N-acetyl glucosaminidases (ENG'ases), one that works as a hydrolase to cleave all heterogeneous N-glycans, another that is used as a glycosynthase to generate homogeneous N-glycans. As starting materials, we used an anti-Her2 antibody produced in transgenic silkworm cocoon, which consists of non-fucosylated pauci-mannose type (Man2-3GlcNAc2), high-mannose type (Man4-9GlcNAc2), and complex type (Man3GlcNAc3-4) N-glycans. As a result of the cleavage of several ENG'ases (endoS, endoM, endoD, endoH, and endoLL), the heterogeneous glycans on antibodies were fully transformed into homogeneous-GlcNAc by a combination of endoS, endoD, and endoLL. Next, the desired N-glycans (M3; Man3GlcNAc1, G0; GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc1, G2; Gal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc1, A2; NeuAc2Gal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc1) were transferred from the corresponding oxazolines to the GlcNAc residue on the intact anti-Her2 antibody with an ENG'ase mutant (endoS-D233Q), and the glycoengineered anti-Her2 antibody was obtained. The binding assay of anti-Her2 antibody with homogenous N-glycans with FcγRIIIa-V158 showed that the glycoform influenced the affinity for FcγRIIIa-V158. In addition, the ADCC assay for the glycoengineered anti-Her2 antibody (mAb-M3, mAb-G0, mAb-G2, and mAb-A2) was performed using SKBR-3 and BT-474 as target cells, and revealed that the glycoform influenced ADCC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kurogochi
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Mori
- Laboratory of Glyco-Bioengineering, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Osumi
- Laboratory of Glyco-organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Tojino
- Laboratory of Glyco-organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu-ichi Sugawara
- Laboratory of Glyco-organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shou Takashima
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Hirose
- Laboratory of Glyco-organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Tsukimura
- Laboratory of Glyco-Bioengineering, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Mizuno
- Laboratory of Glyco-organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Amano
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Matsuda
- Laboratory of Glyco-Bioengineering, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tomita
- Immuno-Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., 1091-1 Naka, Fujioka-shi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takayanagi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Shoda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Shirai
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Glyco-Bioengineering, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Glyco-organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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19
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Chen YK, Hou HA, Tang JL, Jhuang JY, Lai YJ, Lee MC, Kuo YY, Chou WC, Liu CY, Lin CW, Chuang SS, Chen CY, Tseng MH, Huang CF, Chiang YC, Lee FY, Liu MC, Liu CW, Yao M, Huang SY, Ko BS, Hsu SC, Wu SJ, Tsay W, Chen YC, Tien HF. Clinical and prognostic implications of Roundabout 4 (robo4) in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119831. [PMID: 25794001 PMCID: PMC4368775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Robo4 is involved in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell homeostasis and essential for tumor angiogenesis. Expression of Robo4 was recently found in solid tumors and leukemia stem cells. However, the clinical implications of Robo4 expression in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain unclear. Methods We investigated the clinical and prognostic relevance of mRNA expression of Robo4 in bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells from 218 adult patients with de novo AML. We also performed immunohistochemical staining to assess the Robo4 protein expression in the BM biopsy specimens from 30 selected AML patients in the cohort. Results Higher Robo4 expression was closely associated with lower white blood cell counts, expression of HLA-DR, CD13, CD34 and CD56 on leukemia cells, t(8;21) and ASXL1 mutation, but negatively correlated with t(15;17) and CEBPA mutation. Compared to patients with lower Robo4 expression, those with higher expression had significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). This result was confirmed in an independent validation cohort. Furthermore, multivariate analyses showed that higher Robo4 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for DFS and OS in total cohort and patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetics, irrespective of age, WBC count, karyotype, and mutation status of NPM1/FLT3-ITD, and CEBPA. Conclusions BM Robo4 expression can serve as a new biomarker to predict clinical outcomes in AML patients and Robo4 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in patients with higher Robo4 expression.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Karyotype
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Nucleophosmin
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Remission Induction
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Kai Chen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Hou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Luh Tang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Yang Jhuang
- Department of Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jun Lai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Lee
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yeh Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Chou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Liu
- Biostatistics Consulting Laboratory, Department of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wu Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chien-Yuan Chen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsuan Tseng
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fei Huang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Chiang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fen-Yu Lee
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Liu
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Liu
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming Yao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yi Huang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Sheng Ko
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ju Wu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Woei Tsay
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Fang Tien
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Ichim TE, Li S, Ma H, Yurova YV, Szymanski JS, Patel AN, Kesari S, Min WP, Wagner SC. Induction of tumor inhibitory anti-angiogenic response through immunization with interferon Gamma primed placental endothelial cells: ValloVax™. J Transl Med 2015; 13:90. [PMID: 25889119 PMCID: PMC4363400 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the concept of angiogenesis blockade as a therapeutic intervention for cancer has been repeatedly demonstrated, the full promise of this approach has yet to be realized. Specifically, drugs such as VEGF-blocking antibodies or kinase inhibitors suffer from the drawbacks of resistance development, as well as off-target toxicities. Previous studies have demonstrated feasibility of specifically inducing immunity towards tumor endothelium without consequences of systemic autoimmunity in both animal models and clinical settings. METHOD Placenta-derived endothelial cells were isolated and pretreated with interferon gamma to enhance immunogenicity. Syngeneic mice received subcutaneous administration of B16 melanoma, 4 T1 mammary carcinoma, and Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC), followed by administration of control saline, control placental endothelial cells, and interferon gamma primed endothelial cells (ValloVax™). Tumor volume was quantified. An LLC metastasis model was also established and treated under similar conditions. Furthermore, a safety analysis in non-tumor bearing mice bracketing the proposed clinical dose was conducted. RESULTS ValloVax™ immunization led to significant reduction of tumor growth and metastasis as compared to administration of non-treated placental endothelial cells. Mitotic inactivation by formalin fixation or irradiation preserved tumor inhibitory activity. Twenty-eight day evaluation of healthy male and female mice immunized with ValloVax™ resulted in no abnormalities or organ toxicities. CONCLUSION Given the established rationale behind the potential therapeutic benefit of inhibiting tumor angiogenesis as a treatment for cancer, immunization against a variety of endothelial cell antigens may produce the best clinical response, enhancing efficacy and reducing the likelihood of the development of treatment resistance. These data support the clinical evaluation of irradiated ValloVax™ as an anti-angiogenic cancer vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Ichim
- Batu Biologics Inc, San Diego, 9255 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 450, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China.
| | - Hong Ma
- Batu Biologics Inc, San Diego, 9255 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 450, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Yuliya V Yurova
- Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.
| | - Julia S Szymanski
- Batu Biologics Inc, San Diego, 9255 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 450, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Amit N Patel
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., MSC 0752, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0752, USA. .,Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Dr., MSC 0819, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0819, USA.
| | - Wei-Ping Min
- Department of Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Samuel C Wagner
- Batu Biologics Inc, San Diego, 9255 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 450, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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21
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Bornstein GG. Antibody Drug Conjugates: Preclinical Considerations. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 17:525-34. [PMID: 25724883 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The development path for antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) is more complex and challenging than for unmodified antibodies. While many of the preclinical considerations for both unmodified and antibody drug conjugates are shared, special considerations must be taken into account when developing an ADC. Unlike unmodified antibodies, an ADC must preferentially bind to tumor cells, internalize, and traffic to the appropriate intracellular compartment to release the payload. Parameters that can impact the pharmacological properties of this class of therapeutics include the selection of the payload, the type of linker, and the methodology for payload drug conjugation. Despite a plethora of in vitro assays and in vivo models to screen and evaluate ADCs, the challenge remains to develop improved preclinical tools that will be more predictive of clinical outcome. This review will focus on preclinical considerations for clinically validated small molecule ADCs. In addition, the lessons learned from Mylotarg®, the first in class FDA-approved ADC, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadi G Bornstein
- Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Pfizer Inc., 450 East 29th Street, New York, New York, 10016, USA,
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22
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Selecting an Optimal Antibody for Antibody- Drug Conjugate Therapy. ANTIBODY-DRUG CONJUGATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-13081-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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23
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Zhuang X, Ahmed F, Zhang Y, Ferguson HJ, Steele JC, Steven NM, Nagy Z, Heath VL, Toellner KM, Bicknell R. Robo4 vaccines induce antibodies that retard tumor growth. Angiogenesis 2014; 18:83-95. [PMID: 25348086 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-014-9448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tumor endothelial specific expression of Robo4 in adults identifies this plasma membrane protein as an anti-cancer target for immunotherapeutic approaches, such as vaccination. In this report, we describe how vaccination against Robo4 inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth. To break tolerance to the auto-antigen Robo4, mice were immunised with the extracellular domain of mouse Robo4, fused to the Fc domain of human immunoglobulin within an adjuvant. Vaccinated mice show a strong antibody response to Robo4, with no objectively detectable adverse effects on health. Robo4 vaccinated mice showed impaired fibrovascular invasion and angiogenesis in a rodent sponge implantation assay, as well as a reduced growth of implanted syngeneic Lewis lung carcinoma. The anti-tumor effect of Robo4 vaccination was present in CD8 deficient mice but absent in B cell or IgG1 knockout mice, suggesting antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity as the anti-vascular/anti-tumor mechanism. Finally, we show that an adjuvant free soluble Robo4-carrier conjugate can retard tumor growth in carrier primed mice. These results point to appropriate Robo4 conjugates as potential anti-angiogenic vaccines for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhuang
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Schools of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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24
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Transcriptional targeting of primary and metastatic tumor neovasculature by an adenoviral type 5 roundabout4 vector in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83933. [PMID: 24376772 PMCID: PMC3871592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
New approaches targeting metastatic neovasculature are needed. Payload capacity, cellular transduction efficiency, and first-pass cellular uptake following systemic vector administration, motivates persistent interest in tumor vascular endothelial cell (EC) adenoviral (Ad) vector targeting. While EC transductional and transcriptional targeting has been accomplished, vector administration approaches of limited clinical utility, lack of tumor-wide EC expression quantification, and failure to address avid liver sequestration, challenged prior work. Here, we intravenously injected an Ad vector containing 3 kb of the human roundabout4 (ROBO4) enhancer/promoter transcriptionally regulating an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter into immunodeficient mice bearing 786-O renal cell carcinoma subcutaneous (SC) xenografts and kidney orthotopic (KO) tumors. Initial experiments performed in human coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor (hCAR) transgenic:Rag2 knockout mice revealed multiple ECs with high-level Ad5ROBO4-EGFP expression throughout KO and SC tumors. In contrast, Ad5CMV-EGFP was sporadically expressed in a few tumor vascular ECs and stromal cells. As the hCAR transgene also facilitated Ad5ROBO4 and control Ad5CMV vector EC expression in multiple host organs, follow-on experiments engaged warfarin-mediated liver vector detargeting in hCAR non-transgenic mice. Ad5ROBO4-mediated EC expression was undetectable in most host organs, while the frequencies of vector expressing intratumoral vessels and whole tumor EGFP protein levels remained elevated. In contrast, AdCMV vector expression was only detectable in one or two stromal cells throughout the whole tumor. The Ad5ROBO4 vector, in conjunction with liver detargeting, provides tractable genetic access for in-vivo EC genetic engineering in malignancies.
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Perez HL, Cardarelli PM, Deshpande S, Gangwar S, Schroeder GM, Vite GD, Borzilleri RM. Antibody-drug conjugates: current status and future directions. Drug Discov Today 2013; 19:869-81. [PMID: 24239727 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) aim to take advantage of the specificity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to deliver potent cytotoxic drugs selectively to antigen-expressing tumor cells. Despite the simple concept, various parameters must be considered when designing optimal ADCs, such as selection of the appropriate antigen target and conjugation method. Each component of the ADC (the antibody, linker and drug) must also be optimized to fully realize the goal of a targeted therapy with improved efficacy and tolerability. Advancements over the past several decades have led to a new generation of ADCs comprising non-immunogenic mAbs, linkers with balanced stability and highly potent cytotoxic agents. Although challenges remain, recent clinical success has generated intense interest in this therapeutic class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi L Perez
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Pina M Cardarelli
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Shrikant Deshpande
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gangwar
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | | | - Gregory D Vite
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
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