1
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Wan X, Young KH, Bai O. HBV-associated DLBCL of poor prognosis: advance in pathogenesis, immunity and therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1216610. [PMID: 37483605 PMCID: PMC10360167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced studies have shown a biological correlation between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and B-cell lymphoma, especially diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Patients with DLBCL infected with HBV (HBV-associated DLBCL) are clinically characterized by an advanced clinical stage, poor response to front-line immunochemotherapy regimens, and worse clinical prognosis. HBV-associated DLBCL often exhibits abnormal activation of the nuclear factor kappa B pathway as well as mutations in oncogenes, including Myc and BCL-6. Currently, there is no consensus on any specific and effective treatment for HBV-associated DLBCL. Therefore, in this review, we comprehensively and mechanistically analyzed the natural history of HBV infection and immunity, including HBV-mediated oncogenes, immune escape, epigenetic alterations, dysregulated signaling pathways, and potential therapeutic approaches for HBV-associated DLBCL. We hope that an improved understanding of the biology of HBV-associated DLBCL would lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches, enhance the number of effective clinical trials, and improve the prognosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wan
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ken H. Young
- Department of Hematopathology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ou Bai
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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2
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of PEGylated MWO 4 Nanoparticles as Sonodynamic AID Inhibitors in Treating Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27217143. [PMID: 36363970 PMCID: PMC9654119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) triggered by ultrasound (US) has attracted increasing attention owing to its ability to overcome critical limitations, including low tissue-penetration depth and phototoxicity in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Biogenic metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been used as anti-cancer drugs due to their biocompatibility properties with most biological systems. Here, sonosensitizer MWO4-PEG NPs (M = Fe Mn Co Ni) were synthesized as inhibitors to activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), thus neutralizing the extensive carcinogenesis of AID in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The physiological properties of these nanomaterials were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The inhibition of NPs to AID was primarily identified by the affinity interaction prediction between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and AID through molecular dynamics and molecular docking technology. The cell apoptosis and ROS generation in US-triggered NPs treated DLBCL cells (with high levels of AID) were also detected to indicate the sonosensitivity and toxicity of MWO4-PEG NPs to DLBCL cells. The anti-lymphoma studies using DLBCL and AID-deficient DLBCL cell lines indicated a concentration-dependent profile. The synthesized MWO4-PEG NPs in this study manifested good sonodynamic inhibitory effects to AID and well treatment for AID-positive hematopoietic cancers.
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3
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Leung W, Teater M, Durmaz C, Meydan C, Chivu AG, Chadburn A, Rice EJ, Muley A, Camarillo JM, Arivalagan J, Li Z, Flowers CR, Kelleher NL, Danko CG, Imielinski M, Dave SS, Armstrong SA, Mason CE, Melnick AM. SETD2 Haploinsufficiency Enhances Germinal Center-Associated AICDA Somatic Hypermutation to Drive B-cell Lymphomagenesis. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:1782-1803. [PMID: 35443279 PMCID: PMC9262862 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
SETD2 is the sole histone methyltransferase responsible for H3K36me3, with roles in splicing, transcription initiation, and DNA damage response. Homozygous disruption of SETD2 yields a tumor suppressor effect in various cancers. However, SETD2 mutation is typically heterozygous in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Here we show that heterozygous Setd2 deficiency results in germinal center (GC) hyperplasia and increased competitive fitness, with reduced DNA damage checkpoint activity and apoptosis, resulting in accelerated lymphomagenesis. Impaired DNA damage sensing in Setd2-haploinsufficient germinal center B (GCB) and lymphoma cells associated with increased AICDA-induced somatic hypermutation, complex structural variants, and increased translocations including those activating MYC. DNA damage was selectively increased on the nontemplate strand, and H3K36me3 loss was associated with greater RNAPII processivity and mutational burden, suggesting that SETD2-mediated H3K36me3 is required for proper sensing of cytosine deamination. Hence, Setd2 haploinsufficiency delineates a novel GCB context-specific oncogenic pathway involving defective epigenetic surveillance of AICDA-mediated effects on transcribed genes. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings define a B cell-specific oncogenic effect of SETD2 heterozygous mutation, which unleashes AICDA mutagenesis of nontemplate strand DNA in the GC reaction, resulting in lymphomas with heavy mutational burden. GC-derived lymphomas did not tolerate SETD2 homozygous deletion, pointing to a novel context-specific therapeutic vulnerability. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1599.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Leung
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Matt Teater
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Ceyda Durmaz
- Graduate Program of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Alexandra G Chivu
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Amy Chadburn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Edward J Rice
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Ashlesha Muley
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Jeannie M Camarillo
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences and the National Resource for Translational and Developmental Proteomics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Jaison Arivalagan
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences and the National Resource for Translational and Developmental Proteomics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Ziyi Li
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher R Flowers
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences and the National Resource for Translational and Developmental Proteomics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Charles G Danko
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Marcin Imielinski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sandeep S Dave
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology and Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York
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4
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Genomic Uracil and Aberrant Profile of Demethylation Intermediates in Epigenetics and Hematologic Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084212. [PMID: 33921666 PMCID: PMC8073381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA of all living cells undergoes continuous structural and chemical alterations resulting from fundamental cellular metabolic processes and reactivity of normal cellular metabolites and constituents. Examples include enzymatically oxidized bases, aberrantly methylated bases, and deaminated bases, the latter largely uracil from deaminated cytosine. In addition, the non-canonical DNA base uracil may result from misincorporated dUMP. Furthermore, uracil generated by deamination of cytosine in DNA is not always damage as it is also an intermediate in normal somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class shift recombination (CSR) at the Ig locus of B-cells in adaptive immunity. Many of the modifications alter base-pairing properties and may thus cause replicative and transcriptional mutagenesis. The best known and most studied epigenetic mark in DNA is 5-methylcytosine (5mC), generated by a methyltransferase that uses SAM as methyl donor, usually in CpG contexts. Oxidation products of 5mC are now thought to be intermediates in active demethylation as well as epigenetic marks in their own rights. The aim of this review is to describe the endogenous processes that surround the generation and removal of the most common types of DNA nucleobase modifications, namely, uracil and certain epigenetic modifications, together with their role in the development of hematological malignances. We also discuss what dictates whether the presence of an altered nucleobase is defined as damage or a natural modification.
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5
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Safavi S, Larouche A, Zahn A, Patenaude AM, Domanska D, Dionne K, Rognes T, Dingler F, Kang SK, Liu Y, Johnson N, Hébert J, Verdun RE, Rada CA, Vega F, Nilsen H, Di Noia JM. The uracil-DNA glycosylase UNG protects the fitness of normal and cancer B cells expressing AID. NAR Cancer 2021; 2:zcaa019. [PMID: 33554121 PMCID: PMC7848951 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In B lymphocytes, the uracil N-glycosylase (UNG) excises genomic uracils made by activation-induced deaminase (AID), thus underpinning antibody gene diversification and oncogenic chromosomal translocations, but also initiating faithful DNA repair. Ung−/− mice develop B-cell lymphoma (BCL). However, since UNG has anti- and pro-oncogenic activities, its tumor suppressor relevance is unclear. Moreover, how the constant DNA damage and repair caused by the AID and UNG interplay affects B-cell fitness and thereby the dynamics of cell populations in vivo is unknown. Here, we show that UNG specifically protects the fitness of germinal center B cells, which express AID, and not of any other B-cell subset, coincident with AID-induced telomere damage activating p53-dependent checkpoints. Consistent with AID expression being detrimental in UNG-deficient B cells, Ung−/− mice develop BCL originating from activated B cells but lose AID expression in the established tumor. Accordingly, we find that UNG is rarely lost in human BCL. The fitness preservation activity of UNG contingent to AID expression was confirmed in a B-cell leukemia model. Hence, UNG, typically considered a tumor suppressor, acquires tumor-enabling activity in cancer cell populations that express AID by protecting cell fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Safavi
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 Av des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Ariane Larouche
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 Av des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Astrid Zahn
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 Av des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Patenaude
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 Av des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Diana Domanska
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1080, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kiersten Dionne
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 Av des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Torbjørn Rognes
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1080, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Felix Dingler
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Seong-Kwi Kang
- ITR Laboratories Canada, Inc., 19601 Clark Graham Ave, Baie-D'Urfe, QC H9X 3T1, Canada
| | - Yan Liu
- Section for Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, PO 1000, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Nathalie Johnson
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Josée Hébert
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ramiro E Verdun
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Francisco Vega
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Hilde Nilsen
- Section for Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, PO 1000, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Javier M Di Noia
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 Av des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
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6
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Delgado P, Álvarez-Prado ÁF, Marina-Zárate E, Sernandez IV, Mur SM, de la Barrera J, Sanchez-Cabo F, Cañamero M, de Molina A, Belver L, de Yébenes VG, Ramiro AR. Interplay between UNG and AID governs intratumoral heterogeneity in mature B cell lymphoma. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008960. [PMID: 33362210 PMCID: PMC7790409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most B cell lymphomas originate from B cells that have germinal center (GC) experience and bear chromosome translocations and numerous point mutations. GC B cells remodel their immunoglobulin (Ig) genes by somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) in their Ig genes. Activation Induced Deaminase (AID) initiates CSR and SHM by generating U:G mismatches on Ig DNA that can then be processed by Uracyl-N-glycosylase (UNG). AID promotes collateral damage in the form of chromosome translocations and off-target SHM, however, the exact contribution of AID activity to lymphoma generation and progression is not completely understood. Here we show using a conditional knock-in strategy that AID supra-activity alone is not sufficient to generate B cell transformation. In contrast, in the absence of UNG, AID supra-expression increases SHM and promotes lymphoma. Whole exome sequencing revealed that AID heavily contributes to lymphoma SHM, promoting subclonal variability and a wider range of oncogenic variants. Thus, our data provide direct evidence that UNG is a brake to AID-induced intratumoral heterogeneity and evolution of B cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Delgado
- B Lymphocyte Biology Lab. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel F. Álvarez-Prado
- B Lymphocyte Biology Lab. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Marina-Zárate
- B Lymphocyte Biology Lab. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isora V. Sernandez
- B Lymphocyte Biology Lab. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia M. Mur
- B Lymphocyte Biology Lab. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge de la Barrera
- Bioinformatics Unit. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Sanchez-Cabo
- Bioinformatics Unit. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio de Molina
- Comparative Medicine Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Belver
- B Lymphocyte Biology Lab. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia G. de Yébenes
- B Lymphocyte Biology Lab. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena R. Ramiro
- B Lymphocyte Biology Lab. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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7
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Bai L, Hirose T, Assi W, Wada S, Takeshima SN, Aida Y. Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection Affects Host Gene Expression Associated with DNA Mismatch Repair. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110909. [PMID: 33143351 PMCID: PMC7694100 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes enzootic bovine leukosis, a malignant form of B-cell lymphoma, and is closely related to human T-cell leukemia viruses. We investigated whether BLV infection affects host genes associated with DNA mismatch repair (MMR). Next-generation sequencing of blood samples from five calves experimentally infected with BLV revealed the highest expression levels of seven MMR genes (EXO1, UNG, PCNA, MSH2, MSH3, MSH6, and PMS2) at the point of peak proviral loads (PVLs). Furthermore, MMR gene expression was only upregulated in cattle with higher PVLs. In particular, the expression levels of MSH2, MSH3, and UNG positively correlated with PVL in vivo. The expression levels of all seven MMR genes in pig kidney-15 cells and the levels of PMS2 and EXO1 in HeLa cells also increased tendencies after transient transfection with a BLV infectious clone. Moreover, MMR gene expression levels were significantly higher in BLV-expressing cell lines compared with those in the respective parental cell lines. Expression levels of MSH2 and EXO1 in BLV-infected cattle with lymphoma were significantly lower and higher, respectively, compared with those in infected cattle in vivo. These results reveal that BLV infection affects MMR gene expression, offering new candidate markers for lymphoma diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Bai
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako 351-0198, Japan; (L.B.); (W.A.); (S.W.); (S.-n.T.)
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Tomoya Hirose
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan;
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Wlaa Assi
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako 351-0198, Japan; (L.B.); (W.A.); (S.W.); (S.-n.T.)
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan;
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako 351-0198, Japan; (L.B.); (W.A.); (S.W.); (S.-n.T.)
| | - Shin-nosuke Takeshima
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako 351-0198, Japan; (L.B.); (W.A.); (S.W.); (S.-n.T.)
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan;
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, Niiza 352-0017, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan;
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Nakamura Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-48-462-4418
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8
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Yu X, Wang X, Wang X, Zhou Y, Li Y, Wang A, Wang T, An Y, Sun W, Du J, Tong X, Wang Y. TEOA Inhibits Proliferation and Induces DNA Damage of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cells Through Activation of the ROS-Dependent p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:554736. [PMID: 33013393 PMCID: PMC7500465 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.554736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of lymphoma, accounting for approximately 30% to 40% of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL). The administration of rituximab significantly improved the outcomes of DLBCL; however, the unavoidable development of resistance limits the long-term efficacy. Therefore, a new generation of less toxic drugs with higher chemotherapy response is required to prevent or reverse chemoresistance. TEOA is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound isolated from the roots of Actinidia eriantha. Studies have confirmed that TEOA has significant cytotoxicity on gastrointestinal cancer cells. However, there are no relevant reports on DLBCL cells. In this study, we investigated the potential molecular mechanism of the anticancer activity of TEOA in DLBCL cells. The results demonstrated that TEOA inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in time-and dose-dependent manners. TEOA induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which was reversed by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). TEOA induced DNA damage, increased the level of γ-H2AX, and the phosphorylation of CHK1 and CHK2. In addition, TEOA induced the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway and pretreated with p38 inhibitor SB20358 or ROS scavenger could block TEOA-induced DNA damage. Taken together, these results suggest that ROS mediated activation of the p38 MAPK signal pathway plays an important role in initiating TEOA-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Yu
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Wangjiangshan Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aiwei Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Fuyang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Wangjiangshan Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihan An
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Sun
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical School of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Phase I Clinical Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Wu H, Zhang K, Chen Y, Li J, Strout MP, Gu X. Optimized high-fidelity 3DPCR to assess potential mitochondrial targeting by activation-induced cytidine deaminase. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1782-1792. [PMID: 32633086 PMCID: PMC7459399 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination of immunoglobulin genes in B cells, whereas off‐targeted AID activity contributes to oncogenic mutations and chromosomal translocations associated with B cell malignancies. Paradoxically, only a minority of AID is allowed to access the nuclear genome, but the majority of AID is retained in the cytoplasm. It is unknown whether cytoplasmic AID can access and target the mitochondrial genome [mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)]. To address this issue, we developed high‐fidelity differential DNA denaturation PCR, which allowed the enrichment of genuine mtDNA mutations and therefore the identification of endogenous mtDNA mutation signatures in vitro. With this approach, we showed that AID targeting to mtDNA is a rare event in AID‐expressing lymphoma lines. Further biochemical and microscopic analysis revealed that a fraction of cytosol AID is associated with the outer membrane of mitochondria but unable to access the mitochondrial matrix. Together, our data suggested that the mitochondrial genome is protected from AID‐mediated mutagenesis by physical segregation of AID from accessing mtDNA within the mitochondrial matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, China.,Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, China
| | - Matthew P Strout
- Section of Hematology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiwen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, China
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10
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Chen Z, Krinsky A, Woolaver RA, Wang X, Chen SMY, Popolizio V, Xie P, Wang JH. TRAF3 Acts as a Checkpoint of B Cell Receptor Signaling to Control Antibody Class Switch Recombination and Anergy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:830-841. [PMID: 32591397 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The BCR recognizes foreign Ags to initiate humoral immunity that needs isotype-switched Abs generated via class switch recombination (CSR); however, stimulating the BCR in the absence of costimulation (e.g., CD40) does not induce CSR; thus, it remains elusive whether and how the BCR induces CSR mechanistically. Autoreactive B cells can maintain anergy via unresponsiveness of their BCRs to self-antigens. However, it remains unknown what molecule(s) restrict BCR signaling strength for licensing BCR-induced CSR and whether deficiency of such molecule(s) disrupts autoreactive B cell anergy and causes B cell-mediated diseases by modulating BCR signaling. In this study, we employ mouse models to show that the BCR's capacity to induce CSR is restrained by B cell-intrinsic checkpoints TRAF3 and TRAF2, whose deletion in B cells enables the BCR to induce CSR in the absence of costimulation. TRAF3 deficiency permits BCR-induced CSR by elevating BCR-proximal signaling intensity. Furthermore, NF-κB2 is required for BCR-induced CSR in TRAF3-deficient B cells but not for CD40-induced or LPS-induced CSR, suggesting that TRAF3 restricts NF-κB2 activation to specifically limit the BCR's ability to induce CSR. TRAF3 deficiency also disrupts autoreactive B cell anergy by elevating calcium influx in response to BCR stimulation, leading to lymphoid organ disorders and autoimmune manifestations. We showed that TRAF3 deficiency-associated autoimmune phenotypes can be rectified by limiting BCR repertoires or attenuating BCR signaling strength. Thus, our studies highlight the importance of TRAF3-mediated restraint on BCR signaling strength for controlling CSR, B cell homeostasis, and B cell-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangguo Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045;
| | - Alexandra Krinsky
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Rachel A Woolaver
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Samantha M Y Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Vince Popolizio
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854; and.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Jing H Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045;
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11
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The prognostic importance of double-expressor subgroup and AID , UNG and mismatch repair protein expressions in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.741651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Stratigopoulou M, van Dam TP, Guikema JEJ. Base Excision Repair in the Immune System: Small DNA Lesions With Big Consequences. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1084. [PMID: 32547565 PMCID: PMC7272602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the genome is under constant threat of environmental and endogenous agents that cause DNA damage. Endogenous damage is particularly pervasive, occurring at an estimated rate of 10,000–30,000 per cell/per day, and mostly involves chemical DNA base lesions caused by oxidation, depurination, alkylation, and deamination. The base excision repair (BER) pathway is primary responsible for removing and repairing these small base lesions that would otherwise lead to mutations or DNA breaks during replication. Next to preventing DNA mutations and damage, the BER pathway is also involved in mutagenic processes in B cells during immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), which are instigated by uracil (U) lesions derived from activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) activity. BER is required for the processing of AID-induced lesions into DNA double strand breaks (DSB) that are required for CSR, and is of pivotal importance for determining the mutagenic outcome of uracil lesions during SHM. Although uracils are generally efficiently repaired by error-free BER, this process is surprisingly error-prone at the Ig loci in proliferating B cells. Breakdown of this high-fidelity process outside of the Ig loci has been linked to mutations observed in B-cell tumors and DNA breaks and chromosomal translocations in activated B cells. Next to its role in preventing cancer, BER has also been implicated in immune tolerance. Several defects in BER components have been associated with autoimmune diseases, and animal models have shown that BER defects can cause autoimmunity in a B-cell intrinsic and extrinsic fashion. In this review we discuss the contribution of BER to genomic integrity in the context of immune receptor diversification, cancer and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stratigopoulou
- Department of Pathology, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tijmen P van Dam
- Department of Pathology, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen E J Guikema
- Department of Pathology, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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de Jong MRW, Langendonk M, Reitsma B, Herbers P, Lodewijk M, Nijland M, van den Berg A, Ammatuna E, Visser L, van Meerten T. WEE1 inhibition synergizes with CHOP chemotherapy and radiation therapy through induction of premature mitotic entry and DNA damage in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Ther Adv Hematol 2020; 11:2040620719898373. [PMID: 32010435 PMCID: PMC6971956 DOI: 10.1177/2040620719898373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous disease, characterized by high levels of genomic instability and the activation of DNA damage repair pathways. We previously found high expression of the cell cycle regulator WEE1 in DLBCL cell lines. Here, we investigated the combination of the WEE1 inhibitor, AZD1775, with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) and radiation therapy (RT), with the aim of improving first-line treatment. Methods Cell viability experiments were performed to determine synergistic combinations. Levels of DNA damage were established using flow cytometry for γH2AX and protein analysis for DNA damage response proteins CHK1 and CHK2. Flow cytometry analysis for cell cycle and pH3 were performed to determine cell cycle distribution and premature mitotic entry. Results Treatment with either RT or CHOP led to enhanced sensitivity to AZD1775 in several DLBCL cell lines. Treatment of cells with AZD1775 induced unscheduled mitotic progression, resulting in abnormal cell cycle distribution in combination with RT or CHOP treatment. In addition, a significant increase in DNA damage was observed compared with CHOP or RT alone. Of the single CHOP components, doxorubicin showed the strongest effect together with AZD1775, reducing viability and increasing DNA damage. Conclusion In conclusion, the combination of RT or CHOP with AZD1775 enhances sensitivity to WEE1 inhibition through unscheduled G2/M progression, leading to increased DNA damage. Based on these results, WEE1 inhibition has great potential together with other G2/M arresting or DNA damaging (chemo) therapeutic compounds and should be further explored in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde R W de Jong
- Department of Hematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Myra Langendonk
- Department of Hematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Reitsma
- Department of Hematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pien Herbers
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Lodewijk
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Nijland
- Department of Hematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuele Ammatuna
- Department of Hematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia Visser
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van Meerten
- Department of Hematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
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14
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Lin XL, Sun QC, Lu Y, Han XQ, Zhao T, Zhou XH. [Proteomic analysis and verification of protein expression after upregulation of human CD99 in Hodgkin lymphoma cell line L428]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2019; 40:490-496. [PMID: 31340622 PMCID: PMC7342398 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the proteins expression difference after upregulation of human CD99 in Hodgkin Lymphoma cell line, L428 cell, and verify the function of differential proteins. Methods: The differential proteins were detected by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis, cluster analysis was done by GOfact. Results: There were 38 proteins screened out, of which 21 proteins were positively associated with CD99, while 17 proteins were negative. Among the 38 proteins, 32 proteins participated in biological process, and 35 proteins were involved in the composition and construction. And 28 proteins participated in multifaceted biological activities including antioxidation, protein binding, catalytic activity, regulation of enzyme, signal transduction, molecular structure, regulation of translation and ion transport. Conclusions: The changes of the differential proteins, correlated with cytoskeleton, cell differentiation, signal pathway and regulating gene expression, are closely relevant to the translation between Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg and B lymphocyte cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Lin
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China
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15
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Li H, Li Q, Ma Z, Zhou Z, Fan J, Jin Y, Wu Y, Cheng F, Liang P. AID modulates carcinogenesis network via DNA demethylation in bladder urothelial cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:251. [PMID: 30874539 PMCID: PMC6420503 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in the urinary system, with poor survival after metastasis. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a versatile enzyme involved in antibody diversification, is an oncogenic gene that induces somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination (CSR). However, the contribution of AID-mediated DNA demethylation to bladder urothelial cell carcinoma (BUCC) remains unclear. Herein, we evaluated the impact on BUCC caused by AID and explored the gene network downstream of AID by using a proteomic approach. Lentiviral vector containing AID-specific shRNA significantly reduced AID expression in T24 and 5637 cells. Silencing AID expression remarkably inhibited tumour malignancies, including cell proliferation, invasion and migration. We used Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomics analysis technology to study the underpinning mechanism in monoclonal T24 cells, with or without AID knockdown. Among the 6452 proteins identified, 99 and 142 proteins in shAICDA-T24 cells were significantly up- or downregulated, respectively (1.2-fold change) compared with the NC-T24 control. After a pipeline of bioinformatics analyses, we identified three tumour-associated factors, namely, matrix metallopeptidase 14 (MMP14), C–X–C motif chemokine ligand 12 and wntless Wnt ligand secretion mediator, which were further confirmed in human BUCC tissues. Nonetheless, only MMP14 was sensitive to the DNA demethylation molecule 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-azadC; 5 μM), which reversed the inhibition of carcinogenesis by AID silence in T24 and 5637 cells. Overall, AID is an oncogene that mediates tumourigenesis via DNA demethylation. Our findings provide novel insights into the clinical treatment for BUCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyong Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zhiyan Zhou
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Jinfeng Fan
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yingxia Jin
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yaoxi Wu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Peiyu Liang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan Province, China.
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16
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Fathy Abd S, Fawzi Kase R, Soliman Kh D, G. Shaker O. Expression of MSH2 in Head and Neck Lymphomas (A Study Utilizing Immunohistochemistry and Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2018.108.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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17
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Pan-SRC kinase inhibition blocks B-cell receptor oncogenic signaling in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2018; 131:2345-2356. [PMID: 29567799 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-10-809210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), activation of the B-cell receptor (BCR) promotes multiple oncogenic signals, which are essential for tumor proliferation. Inhibition of the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a BCR downstream target, is therapeutically effective only in a subgroup of patients with DLBCL. Here, we used lymphoma cells isolated from patients with DLBCL to measure the effects of targeted therapies on BCR signaling and to anticipate response. In lymphomas resistant to BTK inhibition, we show that blocking BTK activity enhanced tumor dependencies from alternative oncogenic signals downstream of the BCR, converging on MYC upregulation. To completely ablate the activity of the BCR, we genetically and pharmacologically repressed the activity of the SRC kinases LYN, FYN, and BLK, which are responsible for the propagation of the BCR signal. Inhibition of these kinases strongly reduced tumor growth in xenografts and cell lines derived from patients with DLBCL independent of their molecular subtype, advancing the possibility to be relevant therapeutic targets in broad and diverse groups of DLBCL patients.
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18
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Amin AD, Peters TL, Li L, Rajan SS, Choudhari R, Puvvada SD, Schatz JH. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: can genomics improve treatment options for a curable cancer? Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2017; 3:a001719. [PMID: 28487884 PMCID: PMC5411687 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a001719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-expression profiling and next-generation sequencing have defined diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common lymphoma diagnosis, as a heterogeneous group of subentities. Despite ongoing explosions of data illuminating disparate pathogenic mechanisms, however, the five-drug chemoimmunotherapy combination R-CHOP remains the frontline standard treatment. This has not changed in 15 years, since the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab was added to the CHOP backbone, which first entered use in the 1970s. At least a third of patients are not cured by R-CHOP, and relapsed or refractory DLBCL is fatal in ∼90%. Targeted small-molecule inhibitors against distinct molecular pathways activated in different subgroups of DLBCL have so far translated poorly into the clinic, justifying the ongoing reliance on R-CHOP and other long-established chemotherapy-driven combinations. New drugs and improved identification of biomarkers in real time, however, show potential to change the situation eventually, despite some recent setbacks. Here, we review established and putative molecular drivers of DLBCL identified through large-scale genomics, highlighting among other things the care that must be taken when differentiating drivers from passengers, which is influenced by the promiscuity of activation-induced cytidine deaminase. Furthermore, we discuss why, despite having so much genomic data available, it has been difficult to move toward personalized medicine for this umbrella disorder and some steps that may be taken to hasten the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Dipak Amin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Tara L Peters
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Lingxiao Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Soumya Sundara Rajan
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Ramesh Choudhari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Soham D Puvvada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA
| | - Jonathan H Schatz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
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19
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Kawamura F, Inaki M, Katafuchi A, Abe Y, Tsuyama N, Kurosu Y, Yanagi A, Higuchi M, Muto S, Yamaura T, Suzuki H, Noji H, Suzuki S, Yoshida MA, Sasatani M, Kamiya K, Onodera M, Sakai A. Establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells from normal B cells and inducing AID expression in their differentiation into hematopoietic progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1659. [PMID: 28490810 PMCID: PMC5431994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell derived induced pluripotent stem cells (BiPSCs) were recently established from peripheral blood B cells by the simultaneous transfection of Yamanaka factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) and C/EBPα using a Sendai virus vector. Here, using a different method, we established BiPSCs with immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement from normal B cells purified from lymph nodes. The critical points of our method are pre-stimulation of B cells with IL-21 and CD40-ligand (CD40L), followed by consecutive transfection of highly concentrated Yamanaka factors using a retroviral vector. Following each transfection the cells were centrifuged onto a retronectin coated plate and the activated by IL-4, IL-2, and CD40L. Furthermore, we established BiPSCs (BiPSC-A) in which activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) could be induced using the doxycycline-controlled. Both the parental BiPSC and BiPSC-A showed the capability of differentiating into hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) based on confirmation of CD34 expression and colony-formation from CD34-positive cells. The findings that BiPSC-A can differentiate into HPCs suggest that there is a possibility that induction of AID expression would result in chromosomal translocations in the process of differentiation from BiPSCs, and therefore that these BiPSCs could be useful in elucidating the tumor origin of abnormal B cells in myelomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Kawamura
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Makoto Inaki
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Katafuchi
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yu Abe
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Naohiro Tsuyama
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kurosu
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Aki Yanagi
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Higuchi
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Muto
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamaura
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Noji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shinichi Suzuki
- Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki A Yoshida
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Megumi Sasatani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Onodera
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Sakai
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
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20
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Takahara T, Matsuo K, Seto M, Nakamura S, Tsuzuki S. Synergistic activity of Card11 mutant and Bcl6 in the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a mouse model. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1572-1580. [PMID: 27560392 PMCID: PMC5132338 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of malignant lymphoma; it derives from germinal center B cells. Although DLBCL harbors many genetic alterations, synergistic roles between such alterations in the development of lymphoma are largely undefined. We previously established a mouse model of lymphoma by transplanting gene-transduced germinal center B cells into mice. Here, we chose one of the frequently mutated genes in DLBCL, Card11 mutant, to explore its possible synergy with other genes, using our lymphoma model. Given that BCL6 and BCL2 expression and/or function are often deregulated in human lymphoma, we examined the possible synergy between Card11, Bcl6, and Bcl2. Germinal center B cells were induced in vitro, transduced with Card11 mutant, Bcl6, and Bcl2, and transplanted. Mice rapidly developed lymphomas, with exogenously transduced Bcl2 being dispensable. Although some mice developed lymphoma in the absence of transduced Bcl6, the absence was compensated by elevated expression of endogenous Bcl6. Additionally, the synergy between Card11 mutant and Bcl6 in the development of lymphoma was confirmed by the fact that the combination of Card11 mutant and Bcl6 caused lymphoma or death significantly earlier and with higher penetrance than Card11 mutant or Bcl6 alone. Lymphoma cells expressed interferon regulatory factor 4 and PR domain 1, indicating their differentiation toward plasmablasts, which characterize activated B cell-like DLBCL that represents a clinically aggressive subtype in humans. Thus, our mouse model provides a versatile tool for studying the synergistic roles of altered genes underlying lymphoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Takahara
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masao Seto
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nakamura
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tsuzuki
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
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21
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Cortizas EM, Zahn A, Safavi S, Reed JA, Vega F, Di Noia JM, Verdun RE. UNG protects B cells from AID-induced telomere loss. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2459-2472. [PMID: 27697833 PMCID: PMC5068241 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Verdun and colleagues find that the uracil-DNA glycosylase UNG, which promotes DNA breaks in the immunoglobulin genes during class switch recombination and is required for AID-induced chromosomal translocations, protects telomeres from AID-induced DNA damage and subsequent dysfunction. Activation-induced deaminase (AID) initiates antibody gene diversification by creating G:U mismatches in the immunoglobulin loci. However, AID also deaminates nonimmunoglobulin genes, and failure to faithfully repair these off-target lesions can cause B cell lymphoma. In this study, we identify a mechanism by which processing of G:U produced by AID at the telomeres can eliminate B cells at risk of genomic instability. We show that telomeres are off-target substrates of AID and that B cell proliferation depends on protective repair by uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG). In contrast, in the absence of UNG activity, deleterious processing by mismatch repair leads to telomere loss and defective cell proliferation. Indeed, we show that UNG deficiency reduces B cell clonal expansion in the germinal center in mice and blocks the proliferation of tumor B cells expressing AID. We propose that AID-induced damage at telomeres acts as a fail-safe mechanism to limit the tumor promoting activity of AID when it overwhelms uracil excision repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Cortizas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Astrid Zahn
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Shiva Safavi
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Joseph A Reed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Francisco Vega
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematopathology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146
| | - Javier M Di Noia
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada .,Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Ramiro E Verdun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 .,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Miami VA Healthcare System, FL 33125
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Viziteu E, Kassambara A, Pasero P, Klein B, Moreaux J. RECQ helicases are deregulated in hematological malignancies in association with a prognostic value. Biomark Res 2016; 4:3. [PMID: 26877874 PMCID: PMC4752763 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-016-0057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RECQ helicase family members act as guardians of the genome to assure proper DNA metabolism in response to genotoxic stress. Hematological malignancies are characterized by genomic instability that is possibly related to underlying defects in DNA repair of genomic stability maintenance. METHODS We have investigated the expression of RECQ helicases in different hematological malignancies and in their normal counterparts using publicly available gene expression data. Furthermore, we explored whether RECQ helicases expression could be associated with tumor progression and prognosis. RESULTS Expression of at least one RECQ helicase family member was found significantly deregulated in all hematological malignancies investigated when compared to their normal counterparts. In addition, RECQ helicase expression was associated with a prognostic value in acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma. CONCLUSION RECQ helicase expression is deregulated in hematological malignancies compared to their normal counterparts in association with a prognostic value. Deregulation of RECQ helicases appears to play a role in tumorigenesis and represent potent therapeutic targets for synthetic lethal approaches in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Viziteu
- />Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UPR1142, Montpellier, F-34396 France
| | - Alboukadel Kassambara
- />Laboratory for Monitoring Innovative Therapies, Department of Biological Hematology, Hôpital Saint-Eloi - CHRU de Montpellier, 80, av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, Cedex 5 France
- />Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UPR1142, Montpellier, F-34396 France
| | - Philippe Pasero
- />Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UPR1142, Montpellier, F-34396 France
| | - Bernard Klein
- />Laboratory for Monitoring Innovative Therapies, Department of Biological Hematology, Hôpital Saint-Eloi - CHRU de Montpellier, 80, av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, Cedex 5 France
- />Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UPR1142, Montpellier, F-34396 France
- />University of Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Jerome Moreaux
- />Laboratory for Monitoring Innovative Therapies, Department of Biological Hematology, Hôpital Saint-Eloi - CHRU de Montpellier, 80, av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, Cedex 5 France
- />Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UPR1142, Montpellier, F-34396 France
- />University of Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France
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