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Sexton R, Mahdi Z, Chaudhury R, Beydoun R, Aboukameel A, Khan HY, Baloglu E, Senapedis W, Landesman Y, Tesfaye A, Kim S, Philip PA, Azmi AS. Targeting Nuclear Exporter Protein XPO1/CRM1 in Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4826. [PMID: 31569391 PMCID: PMC6801932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains an unmet clinical problem in urgent need of newer and effective treatments. Here we show that the nuclear export protein, Exportin 1 (XPO1, chromosome region maintenance 1 or CRM1), is a promising molecular target in gastric cancer. We demonstrate significant overexpression of XPO1 in a cohort of histologically diverse gastric cancer patients with primary and metastatic disease. XPO1 RNA interference suppressed gastric cancer cell growth. Anti-tumor activity was observed with specific inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compounds (selinexor/XPOVIO), second-generation compound KPT-8602/eltanexor, KPT-185 and +ve control Leptomycin B in three distinct gastric cancer cell lines. SINE compounds inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation, disrupted spheroid formation, induced apoptosis and halted cell cycle progression at the G1/S phase. Anti-tumor activity was concurrent with nuclear retention of tumor suppressor proteins and inhibition of colony formation. In combination studies, SINE compounds enhanced the efficacy of nab-paclitaxel in vitro and in vivo. More significantly, using non-coding RNA sequencing studies, we demonstrate for the first time that SINE compounds can alter the expression of non-coding RNAs (microRNAs and piwiRNAs). SINE treatment caused statistically significant downregulation of oncogenic miR-33b-3p in two distinct cell lines. These studies demonstrate the therapeutic significance of XPO1 in gastric cancer that warrants further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sexton
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Zaid Mahdi
- Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Rahman Chaudhury
- Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Rafic Beydoun
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Husain Y Khan
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Erkan Baloglu
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc., Newton, MA 02459, USA.
| | | | | | - Anteneh Tesfaye
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Steve Kim
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Pluthero FG, Kahr WHA. The Birth and Death of Platelets in Health and Disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 33:225-234. [PMID: 29638183 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00005.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood platelets are involved in a wide range of physiological responses and pathological processes. Recent studies have considerably advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of platelet production and clearance, revealing new connections between the birth and death of these tiny, abundant cells. Key insights have also been gained into how physiological challenges such as inflammation, infection, and chemotherapy can affect megakaryocytes, the cells that produce platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred G Pluthero
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Walter H A Kahr
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Division of Haematology/Oncology, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
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