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Lu CY, Wu JZ, Yao HHY, Liu RJY, Li L, Pluthero FG, Freeman SA, Kahr WHA. Acidification of α-granules in megakaryocytes by vacuolar-type adenosine triphosphatase is essential for organelle biogenesis. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:2294-2305. [PMID: 38718926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets coordinate blood coagulation at sites of vascular injury and play fundamental roles in a wide variety of (patho)physiological processes. Key to many platelet functions is the transport and secretion of proteins packaged within α-granules, organelles produced by platelet precursor megakaryocytes. Prominent among α-granule cargo are fibrinogen endocytosed from plasma and endogenously synthesized von Willebrand factor. These and other proteins are known to require acidic pH for stable packaging. Luminal acidity has been confirmed for mature α-granules isolated from platelets, but direct measurement of megakaryocyte granule acidity has not been reported. OBJECTIVES To determine the luminal pH of α-granules and their precursors in megakaryocytes and assess the requirement of vacuolar-type adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase) activity to establish and maintain the luminal acidity and integrity of these organelles. METHODS Cresyl violet staining was used to detect acidic granules in megakaryocytes. Endocytosis of fibrinogen tagged with the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye fluorescein isothiocyanate was used to load a subset of these organelles. Ratiometric fluorescence analysis was used to determine their luminal pH. RESULTS We show that most of the acidic granules detected in megakaryocytes appear to be α-granules/precursors, for which we established a median luminal pH of 5.2 (IQR, 5.0-5.5). Inhibition of megakaryocyte V-ATPase activity led to enlargement of cargo-containing compartments detected by fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. CONCLUSION These observations reveal that V-ATPase activity is required to establish and maintain a luminal acidic pH in megakaryocyte α-granules/precursors, confirming its importance for stable packaging of cargo proteins such as von Willebrand factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yi Lu
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jing Ze Wu
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helen H Y Yao
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard J Y Liu
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ling Li
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fred G Pluthero
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Spencer A Freeman
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter H A Kahr
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Kong YX, Chiu J, Passam FH. "Sticki-ER": Functions of the Platelet Endoplasmic Reticulum. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38284332 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2024.0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Significance: The primary role of platelets is to generate a thrombus by platelet activation. Platelet activation relies on calcium mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER resident proteins, which are externalized upon platelet activation, are essential for the function of platelet surface receptors and intercellular interactions. Recent Advances: The platelet ER is a conduit for changes in cellular function in response to the extracellular milieu. ER homeostasis is maintained by an appropriate redox balance, regulated calcium stores and normal protein folding. Alterations in ER function and ER stress results in ER proteins externalizing to the cell surface, including members of the protein disulfide isomerase family (PDIs) and chaperones. Critical Issues: The platelet ER is central to platelet function, but our understanding of its regulation is incomplete. Previous studies have focused on the function of PDIs in the extracellular space, and much less on their intracellular role. How platelets maintain ER homeostasis and how they direct ER chaperone proteins to facilitate intercellular signalling is unknown. Future Directions: An understanding of ER functions in the platelet is essential as these may determine critical platelet activities such as secretion and adhesion. Studies are necessary to understand the redox reactions of PDIs in the intracellular versus extracellular space, as these differentially affect platelet function. An unresolved question is how platelet ER proteins control calcium release. Regulation of protein folding in the platelet and downstream pathways of ER stress require further evaluation. Targeting the platelet ER may have therapeutic application in metabolic and neoplastic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne X Kong
- Haematology Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre; The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health; The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joyce Chiu
- ACRF Centenary Cancer Research Centre, The Centenary Institute; The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Freda H Passam
- Haematology Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre; The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health; The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Chen SJ, Hashimoto K, Fujio K, Hayashi K, Paul SK, Yuzuriha A, Qiu WY, Nakamura E, Kanashiro MA, Kabata M, Nakamura S, Sugimoto N, Kaneda A, Yamamoto T, Saito H, Takayama N, Eto K. A let-7 microRNA-RALB axis links the immune properties of iPSC-derived megakaryocytes with platelet producibility. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2588. [PMID: 38519457 PMCID: PMC10960040 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We recently achieved the first-in-human transfusion of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived platelets (iPSC-PLTs) as an alternative to standard transfusions, which are dependent on donors and therefore variable in supply. However, heterogeneity characterized by thrombopoiesis-biased or immune-biased megakaryocytes (MKs) continues to pose a bottleneck against the standardization of iPSC-PLT manufacturing. To address this problem, here we employ microRNA (miRNA) switch biotechnology to distinguish subpopulations of imMKCLs, the MK cell lines producing iPSC-PLTs. Upon miRNA switch-based screening, we find imMKCLs with lower let-7 activity exhibit an immune-skewed transcriptional signature. Notably, the low activity of let-7a-5p results in the upregulation of RAS like proto-oncogene B (RALB) expression, which is crucial for the lineage determination of immune-biased imMKCL subpopulations and leads to the activation of interferon-dependent signaling. The dysregulation of immune properties/subpopulations, along with the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, contributes to a decline in the quality of the whole imMKCL population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Jing Chen
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hashimoto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujio
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Karin Hayashi
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sudip Kumar Paul
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akinori Yuzuriha
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wei-Yin Qiu
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Emiri Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Mio Kabata
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sou Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical-risk Avoidance Based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohide Saito
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Naoya Takayama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Koji Eto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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4
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Patange S, Maragh S. Fire Burn and Cauldron Bubble: What Is in Your Genome Editing Brew? Biochemistry 2023; 62:3500-3511. [PMID: 36306429 PMCID: PMC10734218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genome editing is a rapidly evolving biotechnology with the potential to transform many sectors of industry such as agriculture, biomanufacturing, and medicine. This technology is enabled by an ever-growing portfolio of biomolecular reagents that span the central dogma, from DNA to RNA to protein. In this paper, we draw from our unique perspective as the National Metrology Institute of the United States to bring attention to the importance of understanding and reporting genome editing formulations accurately and promoting concepts to verify successful delivery into cells. Achieving the correct understanding may be hindered by the way units, quantities, and stoichiometries are reported in the field. We highlight the variability in how editing formulations are reported in the literature and examine how a reference molecule could be used to verify the delivery of a reagent into cells. We provide recommendations on how more accurate reporting of editing formulations and more careful verification of the steps in an editing experiment can help set baseline expectations of reagent performance, toward the aim of enabling genome editing studies to be more reproducible. We conclude with a future outlook on technologies that can further our control and enable our understanding of genome editing outcomes at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Patange
- Biosystems and Biomaterials
Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Samantha Maragh
- Biosystems and Biomaterials
Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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5
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Pluthero FG, Kahr WHA. Evaluation of human platelet granules by structured illumination laser fluorescence microscopy. Platelets 2023; 34:2157808. [PMID: 36572649 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2157808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many roles of human platelets in health and disease are linked to their ability to transport and secrete a variety of small molecules and proteins carried in dense (δ-) and α-granules. Determination of granule number and content is important for diagnosis of platelet disorders and for studies of platelet structure, function, and development. We have optimized methods for detection and localization of platelet proteins via antibody and lectin staining, imaging via structured illumination laser fluorescence microscopy (SIM), and three-dimension (3D) image analysis. The methods were validated via comparison with published studies based on electron microscopy and high-resolution fluorescence microscopy. The α-granule cargo proteins thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), osteonectin (SPARC), fibrinogen (FGN), and Von Willebrand factor (VWF) were localized within the granule lumen, as was the proteoglycan serglycin (SRGN). Colocalization analysis indicates that staining with fluorescently labeled wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) allows detection of α-granules as effectively as immunostaining for cargo proteins, with the advantage of not requiring antibodies. RAB27B was observed to be concentrated at dense granules, allowing them to be counted via visual scoring and object analysis. We present a workflow for counting dense and α-granules via object analysis of 3D SIM images of platelets stained for RAB27B and with WGA.Abbreviation: SIM: structured illumination microscopy; WGA: wheat germ agglutinin; FGN: fibrinogen; TSP1: thrombospondin 1; ER: endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred G Pluthero
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Walter H A Kahr
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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6
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Delage L, Carbone F, Riller Q, Zachayus JL, Kerbellec E, Buzy A, Stolzenberg MC, Luka M, de Cevins C, Kalouche G, Favier R, Michel A, Meynier S, Corneau A, Evrard C, Neveux N, Roudières S, Pérot BP, Fusaro M, Lenoir C, Pellé O, Parisot M, Bras M, Héritier S, Leverger G, Korganow AS, Picard C, Latour S, Collet B, Fischer A, Neven B, Magérus A, Ménager M, Pasquier B, Rieux-Laucat F. NBEAL2 deficiency in humans leads to low CTLA-4 expression in activated conventional T cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3728. [PMID: 37349339 PMCID: PMC10287742 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of NBEAL2 function leads to grey platelet syndrome (GPS), a bleeding disorder characterized by macro-thrombocytopenia and α-granule-deficient platelets. A proportion of patients with GPS develop autoimmunity through an unknown mechanism, which might be related to the proteins NBEAL2 interacts with, specifically in immune cells. Here we show a comprehensive interactome of NBEAL2 in primary T cells, based on mass spectrometry identification of altogether 74 protein association partners. These include LRBA, a member of the same BEACH domain family as NBEAL2, recessive mutations of which cause autoimmunity and lymphocytic infiltration through defective CTLA-4 trafficking. Investigating the potential association between NBEAL2 and CTLA-4 signalling suggested by the mass spectrometry results, we confirm by co-immunoprecipitation that CTLA-4 and NBEAL2 interact with each other. Interestingly, NBEAL2 deficiency leads to low CTLA-4 expression in patient-derived effector T cells, while their regulatory T cells appear unaffected. Knocking-down NBEAL2 in healthy primary T cells recapitulates the low CTLA-4 expression observed in the T cells of GPS patients. Our results thus show that NBEAL2 is involved in the regulation of CTLA-4 expression in conventional T cells and provide a rationale for considering CTLA-4-immunoglobulin therapy in patients with GPS and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Delage
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
- Checkpoint Immunology, Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, F-94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Francesco Carbone
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
- Labtech Single-Cell@Imagine, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Riller
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Zachayus
- Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, F-94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Erwan Kerbellec
- Checkpoint Immunology, Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, F-94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Armelle Buzy
- BioStructure and Biophysics, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, F- 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Marie-Claude Stolzenberg
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Marine Luka
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
- Labtech Single-Cell@Imagine, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Camille de Cevins
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
- Artificial Intelligence & Deep Analytics (AIDA) Group, Data & Data Science (DDS), Sanofi R&D, F- 91380, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Georges Kalouche
- Cellomics, Translational Sciences, Sanofi, F- 91380, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Rémi Favier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, French national reference center for platelet disorders, Armand Trousseau Children Hospital, F-75012, Paris, France
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Paris-Saclay University, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Alizée Michel
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Meynier
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Corneau
- Sorbonne Université, UMS037, PASS, Plateforme de cytométrie de la Pitié-Salpêtrière CyPS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Evrard
- Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, F-94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Nathalie Neveux
- Laboratory of Biological Nutrition, EA 4466, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris University, F-75014, Paris, France
- Clinical Chemistry Department, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Roudières
- BioStructure and Biophysics, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, F- 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Brieuc P Pérot
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Fusaro
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Lenoir
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Pellé
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Parisot
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut Imagine-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163 et INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Université Paris Cité, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Marc Bras
- Bioinformatics Platform, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Héritier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS_938, CRSA, AP-HP, Pediatric Oncology Hematology Unit, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Guy Leverger
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS_938, CRSA, AP-HP, Pediatric Oncology Hematology Unit, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Korganow
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (CNR RESO), Tertiary Center for Primary Immunodeficiency, Strasbourg University Hospital, F-67091, Strasbourg, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- French National Reference Center for Primary Immune Deficiencies (CEREDIH), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, F-75015, Paris, France
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies (CEDI), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, F-75015, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Cité, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Latour
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Collet
- Pediatric Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Roubaix, F-59100, Roubaix, France
| | - Alain Fischer
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Cité, F-75015, Paris, France
- Department of Paediatric Immuno-Haematology and Rheumatology, Reference Center for Rheumatic, AutoImmune and Systemic Diseases in Children (RAISE), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), F-75015, Paris, France
- Collège de France, F-75231, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Neven
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Rheumatology Department, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Aude Magérus
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Ménager
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
- Labtech Single-Cell@Imagine, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Pasquier
- Checkpoint Immunology, Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, F-94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France.
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7
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Mutations in Neurobeachin-like 2 do not impact Weibel-Palade body biogenesis and von Willebrand factor secretion in gray platelet syndrome Endothelial Colony Forming Cells. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100086. [PMID: 36923710 PMCID: PMC10009729 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with gray platelet syndrome (GPS) and Neurobeachin-like 2 (NBEAL2) deficiency produce platelets lacking alpha-granules (AGs) and present with lifelong bleeding symptoms. AGs are lysosome-related organelles and store the hemostatic protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) and the transmembrane protein P-selectin. Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) are lysosome-related organelles of endothelial cells and also store VWF and P-selectin. In megakaryocytes, NBEAL2 links P-selectin on AGs to the SNARE protein SEC22B on the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby preventing premature release of cargo from AG precursors. In endothelial cells, SEC22B drives VWF trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi and promotes the formation of elongated WPBs, but it is unclear whether this requires NBEAL2. Objectives To investigate a potential role for NBEAL2 in WPB biogenesis and VWF secretion using NBEAL2-deficient endothelial cells. Methods The interaction of SEC22B with NBEAL2 in endothelial cells was investigated by interatomic mass spectrometry and pull-down analysis. Endothelial colony forming cells were isolated from healthy controls and 3 unrelated patients with GPS and mutations in NBEAL2. Results We showed that SEC22B binds to NBEAL2 in ECs. Endothelial colony forming cells derived from a patient with GPS are deficient in NBEAL2 but reveal normal formation and maturation of WPBs and normal WPB cargo recruitment. Neither basal nor histamine-induced VWF secretion is altered in the absence of NBEAL2. Conclusions Although NBEAL2 deficiency causes the absence of AGs in patients with GPS, it does not impact WPB functionality in ECs. Our data highlight the differences in the regulatory mechanisms between these 2 hemostatic storage compartments.
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8
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Penon-Portmann M, Westbury SK, Li L, Pluthero FG, Liu RJY, Yao HHY, Geng RSQ, Warner N, Muise AM, Lotz-Esquivel S, Howell-Ramirez M, Saborío-Chacon P, Fernández-Rojas S, Saborio-Rocafort M, Jiménez-Hernández M, Wang-Zuniga C, Cartín-Sánchez W, Shieh JT, Badilla-Porras R, Kahr WHA. Platelet VPS16B is dependent on VPS33B expression, as determined in two siblings with arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis syndrome. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1712-1719. [PMID: 35325493 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet α-granule biogenesis in precursor megakaryocytes is critically dependent on VPS33B and VPS16B, as demonstrated by the platelet α-granule deficiency seen in the rare multisystem disorder arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis (ARC) syndrome associated with biallelic pathogenic variants in VPS33B and VIPAS39 (encoding VPS16B). VPS33B and VPS16B are ubiquitously expressed proteins that are known to interact and play key roles in protein sorting and trafficking between subcellular locations. However, there remain significant gaps in our knowledge of the nature of these interactions in primary cells from patients with ARC syndrome. OBJECTIVES To use primary cells from patients with ARC syndrome to better understand the interactions and roles of VPS33B and VPS16B in platelets and precursor megakaryocytes. PATIENTS/METHODS The proband and his male sibling were clinically suspected to have ARC syndrome. Confirmatory genetic testing and platelet phenotyping, including electron microscopy and protein expression analysis, was performed with consent in a research setting. RESULTS We describe the first case of ARC syndrome identified in Costa Rica, associated with a novel homozygous nonsense VPS33B variant that is linked with loss of expression of both VPS33B and VPS16B in platelets. CONCLUSION These results indicate that stable expression of VPS16B in platelets, their precursor megakaryocytes, and other cells is dependent on VPS33B. We suggest that systematic evaluation of primary cells from patients with a range of VPS33B and VIPAS39 variants would help to elucidate the interactions and functions of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Penon-Portmann
- Servicio de Genética Médica y Metabolismo, Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Nacional de Niños, "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS) & Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Department of Pediatrics & Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah K Westbury
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Program in Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ling Li
- Program in Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fred G Pluthero
- Program in Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard J Y Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helen H Y Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan S Q Geng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil Warner
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Paediatrics and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Lotz-Esquivel
- Servicio de Genética Médica y Metabolismo, Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Nacional de Niños, "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS) & Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Clínica Multidisciplinaria de Enfermedades Raras y Huérfanas, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marianela Howell-Ramirez
- Servicio de Nefrología, Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Nacional de Niños, "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social & Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Pablo Saborío-Chacon
- Servicio de Nefrología, Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Nacional de Niños, "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social & Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Sara Fernández-Rojas
- Servicio de Nefrología, Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Nacional de Niños, "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social & Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Manuel Saborio-Rocafort
- Servicio de Genética Médica y Metabolismo, Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Nacional de Niños, "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS) & Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Programa Nacional de Tamizaje Neonatal, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mildred Jiménez-Hernández
- Programa Nacional de Tamizaje Neonatal, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, Costa Rica
- Laboratorio Nacional de Tamizaje Neonatal y Alto Riesgo, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Carolina Wang-Zuniga
- Servicio de Dermatología, Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Nacional de Niños, "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social & Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Walter Cartín-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Estudios Especializados e Investigación, Hospital Nacional de Niños, "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Joseph T Shieh
- Department of Pediatrics & Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ramses Badilla-Porras
- Servicio de Genética Médica y Metabolismo, Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Nacional de Niños, "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS) & Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Laboratorio Nacional de Tamizaje Neonatal y Alto Riesgo, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Walter H A Kahr
- Departments of Paediatrics and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Platelet Membrane: An Outstanding Factor in Cancer Metastasis. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020182. [PMID: 35207103 PMCID: PMC8875259 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In addition to being biological barriers where the internalization or release of biomolecules is decided, cell membranes are contact structures between the interior and exterior of the cell. Here, the processes of cell signaling mediated by receptors, ions, hormones, cytokines, enzymes, growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM), and vesicles begin. They triggering several responses from the cell membrane that include rearranging its components according to the immediate needs of the cell, for example, in the membrane of platelets, the formation of filopodia and lamellipodia as a tissue repair response. In cancer, the cancer cells must adapt to the new tumor microenvironment (TME) and acquire capacities in the cell membrane to transform their shape, such as in the case of epithelial−mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the metastatic process. The cancer cells must also attract allies in this challenging process, such as platelets, fibroblasts associated with cancer (CAF), stromal cells, adipocytes, and the extracellular matrix itself, which limits tumor growth. The platelets are enucleated cells with fairly interesting growth factors, proangiogenic factors, cytokines, mRNA, and proteins, which support the development of a tumor microenvironment and support the metastatic process. This review will discuss the different actions that platelet membranes and cancer cell membranes carry out during their relationship in the tumor microenvironment and metastasis.
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10
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Lacey J, Webster SJ, Heath PR, Hill CJ, Nicholson-Goult L, Wagner BE, Khan AO, Morgan NV, Makris M, Daly ME. Sorting nexin 24 is required for α-granule biogenesis and cargo delivery in megakaryocytes. Haematologica 2022; 107:1902-1913. [PMID: 35021601 PMCID: PMC9335091 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.279636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline defects affecting the DNA-binding domain of the transcription factor FLI1 are associated with a bleeding disorder that is characterized by the presence of large, fused α-granules in platelets. We investigated whether the genes showing abnormal expression in FLI1-deficient platelets could be involved in platelet α-granule biogenesis by undertaking transcriptome analysis of control platelets and platelets harboring a DNA-binding variant of FLI1. Our analysis identified 2,276 transcripts that were differentially expressed in FLI1-deficient platelets. Functional annotation clustering of the coding transcripts revealed significant enrichment for gene annotations relating to protein transport, and identified Sorting nexin 24 (SNX24) as a candidate for further investigation. Using an induced pluripotent stem cell-derived megakaryocyte model, SNX24 expression was found to be increased during the early stages of megakaryocyte differentiation and downregulated during proplatelet formation, indicating tight regulatory control during megakaryopoiesis. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated knockout (KO) of SNX24 led to decreased expression of immature megakaryocyte markers, CD41 and CD61, and increased expression of the mature megakaryocyte marker CD42b (P=0.0001), without affecting megakaryocyte polyploidisation, or proplatelet formation. Electron microscopic analysis revealed an increase in empty membrane-bound organelles in SNX24 KO megakaryocytes, a reduction in α-granules and an absence of immature and mature multivesicular bodies, consistent with a defect in the intermediate stage of α-granule maturation. Co-localization studies showed that SNX24 associates with each compartment of α-granule maturation. Reduced expression of CD62P and VWF was observed in SNX24 KO megakaryocytes. We conclude that SNX24 is required for α-granule biogenesis and intracellular trafficking of α-granule cargo within megakaryocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Lacey
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield
| | - Simon J. Webster
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield
| | - Paul R. Heath
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield
| | - Chris J. Hill
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield
| | | | - Bart E. Wagner
- Histopathology Department, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield
| | - Abdullah O. Khan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Neil V. Morgan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael Makris
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield
| | - Martina E. Daly
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield,Martina E. Daly
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11
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Sheng Z, Xu J, Li F, Yuan Y, Peng X, Chen S, Zhou R, Huang W. The RING-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF146 promotes cardiac hypertrophy by suppressing the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2022; 410:112954. [PMID: 34856161 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The RING-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF146 is an enzyme that plays an important role in ubiquitin-proteasomal protein degradation and participates in various pathophysiological processes. However, its role in cardiac hypertrophy is unclear. In the present work, thoracic transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was performed in transgenic mice with RNF146 knockout mice (KO) and wild-type mice, and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were subjected to angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation to induce cardiac hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo. RNF146 expression was significantly increased in hypertrophied murine hearts and Ang II-stimulated NRCMs. RNF146-KO mice and knockdown of RNF146 NRCMs attenuated TAC- or Ang II-stimulated cardiac hypertrophy. Conversely, enforced expression of RNF146 aggravated these changes. Mechanistically, we found that RNF146 KO or knockdown increased the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Furthermore, we found that RNF146 KO or knockdown decreased ubiquitination of Liver kinase B1 (LKB1), which promoted the activation of the AMPK pathway in a dependent manner. In conclusion, RNF146 targets LKB1 protein for ubiquitin-proteasome degradation in cardiomyocytes and subsequently promotes cardiac hypertrophy by suppressing the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Sheng
- Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jianning Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fuxing Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shenjian Chen
- Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
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12
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Ver Donck F, Labarque V, Freson K. Hemostatic phenotypes and genetic disorders. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2021; 5:e12637. [PMID: 34964017 PMCID: PMC8677882 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is focused on genetic regulators of bleeding and thrombosis with a focus on next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies for diagnosis and research of patients with inherited disorders. The molecular diagnosis of hemostatic phenotypes relies on the detection of genetic variants in the 99 curated disease-causing genes implicated for bleeding, platelet, and thrombotic disorders through the use of multigene panel tests. In this review, we will provide an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of using such multigene panel tests for diagnostics. During the past decade, NGS technologies have also been used for the gene discovery of 32 novel genes involved in inherited hemostatic phenotypes. We will provide a brief overview of these genes and discuss what information (eg, linkage, consanguinity, multiple index cases with similar phenotypes, mouse models, and more) was used to support the gene discovery process. Next, we provide examples on how RNA sequencing is useful to explore disease mechanisms of novel and often unexpected genes. This review will summarize the important findings concerning NGS technologies for diagnostics and gene discovery that were presented at the ISTH 2021 conference. Finally, future perspectives in our field mainly deal with finding the needle in the haystack for some still unexplained patients and the need for exploring the noncoding gene space and rapid disease validation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Ver Donck
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesCenter for Molecular and Vascular BiologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Veerle Labarque
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesCenter for Molecular and Vascular BiologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hemato‐OncologyUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Kathleen Freson
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesCenter for Molecular and Vascular BiologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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13
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Glembotsky AC, De Luca G, Heller PG. A Deep Dive into the Pathology of Gray Platelet Syndrome: New Insights on Immune Dysregulation. J Blood Med 2021; 12:719-732. [PMID: 34408521 PMCID: PMC8364843 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s270018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gray platelet syndrome (GPS) is a rare platelet disorder, characterized by impaired alpha-granule biogenesis in megakaryocytes and platelets due to NBEAL2 mutations. Typical clinical features include macrothrombocytopenia, bleeding and elevated vitamin B12 levels, while bone marrow fibrosis and splenomegaly may develop during disease progression. Recently, the involvement of other blood lineages has been highlighted, revealing the role of NBEAL2 outside the megakaryocyte-platelet axis. Low leukocyte counts, decreased neutrophil granulation and impaired neutrophil extracellular trap formation represent prominent findings in GPS patients, reflecting deranged innate immunity and associated with an increased susceptibility to infection. In addition, low numbers and impaired degranulation of NK cells have been demonstrated in animal models. Autoimmune diseases involving different organs and a spectrum of autoantibodies are present in a substantial proportion of GPS patients, expanding the syndromic spectrum of this disorder and pointing to dysregulation of the adaptive immune response. Low-grade inflammation, as evidenced by elevation of liver-derived acute-phase reactants, is another previously unrecognized feature of GPS which may contribute to disease manifestations. This review will focus on the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of blood cell abnormalities in human GPS patients and NBEAL2-null animal models, providing insight into the effects of NBEAL2 in hemostasis, inflammation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Glembotsky
- Departamento Hematología Investigación, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Dr. A. Lanari", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento Hematología Investigación, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Geraldine De Luca
- Departamento Hematología Investigación, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Dr. A. Lanari", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento Hematología Investigación, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula G Heller
- Departamento Hematología Investigación, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Dr. A. Lanari", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento Hematología Investigación, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Neutrophil specific granule and NETosis defects in gray platelet syndrome. Blood Adv 2021; 5:549-564. [PMID: 33496751 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gray platelet syndrome (GPS) is an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder characterized by a lack of α-granules in platelets and progressive myelofibrosis. Rare loss-of-function variants in neurobeachin-like 2 (NBEAL2), a member of the family of beige and Chédiak-Higashi (BEACH) genes, are causal of GPS. It is suggested that BEACH domain containing proteins are involved in fusion, fission, and trafficking of vesicles and granules. Studies in knockout mice suggest that NBEAL2 may control the formation and retention of granules in neutrophils. We found that neutrophils obtained from the peripheral blood from 13 patients with GPS have a normal distribution of azurophilic granules but show a deficiency of specific granules (SGs), as confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy and mass spectrometry proteomics analyses. CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from patients with GPS differentiated into mature neutrophils also lacked NBEAL2 expression but showed similar SG protein expression as control cells. This is indicative of normal granulopoiesis in GPS and identifies NBEAL2 as a potentially important regulator of granule release. Patient neutrophil functions, including production of reactive oxygen species, chemotaxis, and killing of bacteria and fungi, were intact. NETosis was absent in circulating GPS neutrophils. Lack of NETosis is suggested to be independent of NBEAL2 expression but associated with SG defects instead, as indicated by comparison with HSC-derived neutrophils. Since patients with GPS do not excessively suffer from infections, the consequence of the reduced SG content and lack of NETosis for innate immunity remains to be explored.
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15
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Pluthero FG, Kahr WHA. Gray platelet syndrome: NBEAL2 mutations are associated with pathology beyond megakaryocyte and platelet function defects. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:318-322. [PMID: 33300270 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fred G Pluthero
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Walter H A Kahr
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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