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Gülow K, Tümen D, Heumann P, Schmid S, Kandulski A, Müller M, Kunst C. Unraveling the Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in T Lymphocyte Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6114. [PMID: 38892300 PMCID: PMC11172744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are central to inter- and intracellular signaling. Their localized and transient effects are due to their short half-life, especially when generated in controlled amounts. Upon T cell receptor (TCR) activation, regulated ROS signaling is primarily initiated by complexes I and III of the electron transport chain (ETC). Subsequent ROS production triggers the activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NADPH oxidase 2), prolonging the oxidative signal. This signal then engages kinase signaling cascades such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and increases the activity of REDOX-sensitive transcription factors such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). To limit ROS overproduction and prevent oxidative stress, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and antioxidant proteins such as superoxide dismutases (SODs) finely regulate signal intensity and are capable of terminating the oxidative signal when needed. Thus, oxidative signals, such as T cell activation, are well-controlled and critical for cellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Gülow
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (D.T.); (P.H.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (M.M.); (C.K.)
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Zhu L, Li H, Peng X, Li Z, Zhao S, Wu D, Chen J, Li S, Jia R, Li Z, Su W. Beneficial mechanisms of dimethyl fumarate in autoimmune uveitis: insights from single-cell RNA sequencing. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:112. [PMID: 38684986 PMCID: PMC11059727 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a fumaric acid ester that exhibits immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the function of DMF in autoimmune uveitis (AU) is incompletely understood, and studies comprehensively exploring the impact of DMF on immune cells are still lacking. METHODS To explore the function of DMF in uveitis and its underlying mechanisms, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on the cervical draining lymph node (CDLN) cells of normal, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), and DMF-treated EAU mice. Additionally, we integrated scRNA-seq data of the retina and CDLNs to identify the potential impact of DMF on ocular immune cell infiltration. Flow cytometry was conducted to verify the potential target molecules of DMF. RESULTS Our study showed that DMF treatment effectively ameliorated EAU symptoms. The proportional and transcriptional alterations in each immune cell type during EAU were reversed by DMF treatment. Bioinformatics analysis in our study indicated that the enhanced expression of Pim1 and Cxcr4 in EAU was reversed by DMF treatment. Further experiments demonstrated that DMF restored the balance between effector T (Teff) /regulatory T (Treg) cells through inhibiting the pathway of PIM1-protein kinase B (AKT)-Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1). By incorporating the scRNA-seq data of the retina from EAU mice into analysis, our study identified that T cells highly expressing Pim1 and Cxcr4 were enriched in the retina. DMF repressed the ocular infiltration of Teff cells, and this effect might depend on its inhibition of PIM1 and CXCR4 expression. Additionally, our study indicated that DMF might reduce the proportion of plasma cells by inhibiting PIM1 expression in B cells. CONCLUSIONS DMF effectively attenuated EAU symptoms. During EAU, DMF reversed the Teff/Treg cell imbalance and suppressed the ocular infiltration of Teff cells by inhibiting PIM1 and CXCR4 expression. Thus, DMF may act as a new drug option for the treatment of AU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xuening Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhaohuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Sichen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Dongting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jialing Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Si Li
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Zuohong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Ninosu N, Melchers S, Kappenstein M, Booken N, Hansen I, Blanchard M, Guenova E, Assaf C, Goerdt S, Nicolay JP. Mogamulizumab Combined with Extracorporeal Photopheresis as a Novel Therapy in Erythrodermic Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:141. [PMID: 38201568 PMCID: PMC10778082 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are rare lymphoproliferative malignancies characterized by significant morbidity and mortality in advanced disease stages. As curative approaches apart from allogeneic stem cell transplantation are lacking, establishing new treatment options, especially combination therapies, is crucial. METHODS This retrospective study included 11 patients with SS or MF receiving therapy with mogamulizumab in combination with ECP from four European expert centers. The response rates in the skin and blood as well as treatment use and adverse events (AE) were described. RESULTS 8/11 patients (73%) showed an overall response (OR) in the skin. The mean mSWAT decreased from 98.2 ± 40.8 to 34.6 ± 23.8. The overall response rate (ORR) in the blood was 64% with two complete responses. During combination therapy, the mean number of Sézary cells decreased from 3365.3 × 106/L before treatment to 1268.6 × 106/L. The mean minimum known period without progress was 7.2 months in the skin and 7.6 months in the blood. The most common AEs were mogamulizumab-associated rash (MAR) (45.5%), anemia (27.3%), lymphocytopenia (27.8%), and infusion related reaction (16.7%). No AE led to treatment discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS Our study presents the combination of mogamulizumab and ECP as an effective therapy in the blood and skin in CTCL with good tolerability, similar to mogamulizumab monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ninosu
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (N.N.); (S.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Susanne Melchers
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (N.N.); (S.M.); (S.G.)
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Section of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Max Kappenstein
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Nina Booken
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Skin Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (N.B.); (I.H.)
| | - Inga Hansen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Skin Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (N.B.); (I.H.)
| | - Maël Blanchard
- Department of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.B.); (E.G.)
| | - Emmanuella Guenova
- Department of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.B.); (E.G.)
| | - Chalid Assaf
- Department of Dermatology, Helios Hospital Krefeld, 47805 Krefeld, Germany;
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergij Goerdt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (N.N.); (S.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Jan P. Nicolay
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (N.N.); (S.M.); (S.G.)
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Section of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Stuver R, Geller S. Advances in the treatment of mycoses fungoides and Sézary syndrome: a narrative update in skin-directed therapies and immune-based treatments. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1284045. [PMID: 37868986 PMCID: PMC10585160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoses fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) are cutaneous T-cell lymphomas that are often challenging to manage given the absence of reliably curative therapies, at times high symptom burden with significant detriment to quality of life, and need for ongoing treatment for disease and symptom control. Recent developments in skin-directed treatments include optimizing the use of existing topical therapies, the introduction of known dermatological agents and treatment modalities for the specific treatment of MF/SS (such as mechlorethamine gel, calcineurin inhibitor creams, and photodynamic therapy), and novel local and topical agents. For advanced disease, dedicated clinical trials have translated to exciting progress, leading to the approval of brentuximab vedotin (2017) and mogamulizumab (2018) for relapsed MF/SS. Additional studies of other active systemic agents, including various cellular therapies, represent further attempts to add to the therapeutic armamentarium in treating MF/SS. In this review, we highlight these recent advancements, ranging from optimization of skin-directed therapies to the introduction of novel systemic agents. We focus on therapies approved in the preceding five years or under investigation in advanced-phase clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stuver
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shamir Geller
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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Bresciani G, Manai F, Davinelli S, Tucci P, Saso L, Amadio M. Novel potential pharmacological applications of dimethyl fumarate-an overview and update. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1264842. [PMID: 37745068 PMCID: PMC10512734 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1264842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. DMF is known to stabilize the transcription factor Nrf2, which in turn induces the expression of antioxidant response element genes. It has also been shown that DMF influences autophagy and participates in the transcriptional control of inflammatory factors by inhibiting NF-κB and its downstream targets. DMF is receiving increasing attention for its potential to be repurposed for several diseases. This versatile molecule is indeed able to exert beneficial effects on different medical conditions through a pleiotropic mechanism, in virtue of its antioxidant, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects. A growing number of preclinical and clinical studies show that DMF may have important therapeutic implications for chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and respiratory pathologies, cancer, eye disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, and systemic or organ specific inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. This comprehensive review summarizes and highlights the plethora of DMF's beneficial effects and underlines its repurposing opportunities in a variety of clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Bresciani
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federico Manai
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology L. Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marialaura Amadio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Aramouni K, Assaf R, Shaito A, Fardoun M, Al-Asmakh M, Sahebkar A, Eid AH. Biochemical and cellular basis of oxidative stress: Implications for disease onset. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1951-1963. [PMID: 37436042 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Cellular oxidation-reduction (redox) systems, which encompass pro- and antioxidant molecules, are integral components of a plethora of essential cellular processes. Any dysregulation of these systems can cause molecular imbalances between the pro- and antioxidant moieties, leading to a state of oxidative stress. Long-lasting oxidative stress can manifest clinically as a variety of chronic illnesses including cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic diseases like diabetes. As such, this review investigates the impact of oxidative stress on the human body with emphasis on the underlying oxidants, mechanisms, and pathways. It also discusses the available antioxidant defense mechanisms. The cellular monitoring and regulatory systems that ensure a balanced oxidative cellular environment are detailed. We critically discuss the notion of oxidants as a double-edged sword, being signaling messengers at low physiological concentrations but causative agents of oxidative stress when overproduced. In this regard, the review also presents strategies employed by oxidants including redox signaling and activation of transcriptional programs such as those mediated by the Nrf2/Keap1 and NFk signaling. Likewise, redox molecular switches of peroxiredoxin and DJ-1 and the proteins they regulate are presented. The review concludes that a thorough comprehension of cellular redox systems is essential to develop the evolving field of redox medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Aramouni
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roland Assaf
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdullah Shaito
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manal Fardoun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maha Al-Asmakh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Biotechnology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Allen PB. DMF in CTCL: where do we go from here? Blood 2023; 142:753-754. [PMID: 37651156 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
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