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Hu T, Zhou G, Li W. Association Between the Individual and Combined Effects of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphisms and Risk of Leukemia: A Meta-Analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:898937. [PMID: 35938012 PMCID: PMC9355274 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.898937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fourteen meta-analyses reported the individual effects of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms on leukemia risk. However, over 40 studies were not included in previously published meta-analyses. Moreover, one key aspect was that previous meta-analyses did not conduct the false-positive test on the aforementioned issues. Furthermore, previous meta-analyses did not observe the combined effects of GSTM1 present/null and GSTT1 present/null polymorphism with leukemia risk. Therefore, we conducted the current study to further analyze these associations. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between the individual and combined effects of the GSTM1 present/null and GSTT1 present/null polymorphisms and the risk of leukemia. Methods: A meta-analysis was performed applying Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Moreover, false-positive report probability (FPRP) and Bayesian false discovery probability (BFDP) were applied to investigate the false-positive results. Results: The individual GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes and combined effects of the two genes were associated with a significantly increased leukemia risk in overall and several subgroup analyses, such as Asians, Caucasians, and so on. Then, further analysis was conducted using FPRP and BFDP. Significant associations were considered as “positive” results on the GSTM1 null genotype with leukemia risk in overall populations (FPRP < 0.001 and BFDP = 0.006), Asians (FPRP < 0.001 and BFDP < 0.001), and East Asian population (FPRP < 0.001 and BFDP = 0.002). For the GSTT1 null genotype, significant associations were regarded “positive” results in overall populations, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Asians, and East Asian population. For the combined effects of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms, significant associations were also considered “positive” results in the overall analysis of Asians, Indians, and East Asian population. Conclusion: This study strongly indicates that the individual GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes and combined effects of the two genes are associated with increased leukemia risk in Asians, especially in the East Asian population; the GSTT1 null genotype is associated with increased AML risk; the combined effects of the two genes are associated with increased leukemia risk in Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- Department of Hematology, Pingxiang People’s Hospital, Pingxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Hu,
| | - Guozhong Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Pingxiang People’s Hospital, Pingxiang, China
| | - Wenjin Li
- Department of Hematology, Pingxiang People’s Hospital, Pingxiang, China
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Wang P, Deng Y, Yan X, Zhu J, Yin Y, Shu Y, Bai D, Zhang S, Xu H, Lu X. The Role of ARID5B in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Beyond. Front Genet 2020; 11:598. [PMID: 32595701 PMCID: PMC7303299 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children with distinct characteristics among different subtypes. Although the etiology of ALL has not been fully unveiled, initiation of ALL has been demonstrated to partly depend on genetic factors. As indicated by several genome wide association studies (GWASs) and candidate gene analyses, ARID5B, a member of AT-rich interactive domain (ARID) protein family, is associated with the occurrence and prognosis of ALL. However, the mechanisms by which ARID5B genotype impact on the susceptibility and treatment outcome remain vague. In this review, we outline developments in the understanding of ARID5B in the susceptibility of ALL and its therapeutic perspectives, and summarize the underlying mechanisms based on the limited functional studies, hoping to illustrate the possible mechanisms of ARID5B impact and highlight the potential treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Wang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shouyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Heng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Precision Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxi Lu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Bell D, Brannigan B, Matsuo K, Finkelstein DM, Sordella R, Settleman J, Mitsudomi T, Haber DA. Increased prevalence of EGFR-mutant lung cancer in women and in East Asian populations: analysis of estrogen-related polymorphisms. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:4079-84. [PMID: 18593984 PMCID: PMC3391698 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-5030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Somatic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene occur in a subset of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are highly predictive of the clinical response to selective EGFR kinase inhibitors. The prevalence of EGFR-mutant NSCLC is appreciably higher in females than in males and in East Asian than in Caucasian populations. We hypothesized that these disparate frequencies may be attributable to underlying genetic modifiers. Given the coincident differences in sex and ethnic origin, we tested allozymatic variants of enzymes involved in estrogen biosynthesis and metabolism, encoded by polymorphic alleles known to differ in frequency between Caucasian and Asian populations, as modifying alleles. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We genotyped nine polymorphisms in the CYP1A1, CYP17A1, CYP19, HSD17B1, COMT, GSTM1, and GSTT1 genes, in a series of 100 Japanese NSCLCs, selected for equal representation of EGFR wild-type (wt) and EGFR-mutant cases, as well as male and female cases. Associations between polymorphic variants and the EGFR genotype and sex of NSCLC cases were examined using Fisher's exact test of significance. RESULTS Only CYP1A1 2C showed a difference in allele frequency that approached statistical significance. Heterozygotes were underrepresented among EGFR-mutant cases compared with EGFR-wt cases (27% versus 47%, P = 0.08), with a concurrent trend toward overrepresentation of CYP1A1 2C(Ile/Ile) homozygotes among EGFR-mutant cases as compared with EGFR-wt cases (69% versus 51%, P = 0.13). CONCLUSION Within the power of this study, our findings suggest that the selected polymorphic variants in the estrogen biosynthesis and metabolism pathways are unlikely to be major genetic modifiers of the prevalence of EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- DaphneW. Bell
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - BrianW. Brannigan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Raffaella Sordella
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Jeff Settleman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Tetsuya Mitsudomi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daniel A. Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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Healy J, Bélanger H, Beaulieu P, Larivière M, Labuda D, Sinnett D. Promoter SNPs in G1/S checkpoint regulators and their impact on the susceptibility to childhood leukemia. Blood 2006; 109:683-92. [PMID: 17008550 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-02-003236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMutations leading to the alteration of cell-cycle checkpoint functions are a common feature of most cancers. Because of the highly regulated nature of the cell cycle, it seems likely that variation in gene dosage of key components due to functional regulatory polymorphisms could play an important role in cancer development. Here we provide evidence of the involvement of promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms (pSNPs) in the cyclin-dependent–kinase inhibitor genes CDKN2A, CDKN2B, CDKN1A, and CDKN1B in the etiology of childhood pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A case-control study, conducted in 240 patients with pre-B ALL and 277 healthy controls, combined with a family-based analysis using 135 parental trios, all of French-Canadian origin, were used to evaluate single-site genotypic as well as multilocus haplotypic associations for a total of 10 pSNPs. Using both study designs, we showed evidence of association between variants CDKN2A −222A, CDKN2B −593A, and CDKN1B −1608A, and an increased risk of ALL. These findings suggest that variable expression levels of cell-cycle inhibitor genes CDKN2A, CDKN2B, and CDKN1B due to regulatory polymorphisms could indeed influence the risk of childhood pre-B ALL and contribute to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Healy
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Research Centre, Centro Hospitalo-Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3T 1C5
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Abstract
Childhood cancer is rare everywhere in the world, with age-standardized annual incidence usually between 70 and 160 per million at age 0-14 years. Greater variation is seen between populations for some specific tumour types. Some of the largest variations are geographical and are attributable to environmental factors, whereas variation mainly on ethnic lines seems likely to be a marker of genetic predisposition. A wide range of familial and genetic syndromes is associated with an increased risk of childhood cancer. Virtually all the excess risk of cancer among first-degree relatives of children with cancer can be accounted for by known hereditary syndromes. Studies of weak predisposition and gene-environment interaction have so far shown limited consistency. There are very few established environmental or exogenous risk factors and most of these are infective agents. Many putative risk factors can hardly ever be investigated epidemiologically except by interview or questionnaire studies. Some recent examples illustrate the continuing problems of participation bias and recall bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Stiller
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, 57 Woodstock Road, OX2 6HJ, UK.
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Barnette P, Scholl R, Blandford M, Ballard L, Tsodikov A, Magee J, Williams S, Robertson M, Ali-Osman F, Lemons R, Keller C. High-throughput detection of glutathione s-transferase polymorphic alleles in a pediatric cancer population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004; 13:304-13. [PMID: 14973099 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-03-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes have been correlated with altered risk of several cancers, as well as altered response and toxicity from cancer chemotherapy. We report a low cost, highly reproducible and specific PCR-based high-throughput assay for genotyping different GSTs designed for use in large clinical trials. In comparison to an alternative genotyping method (single nucleotide extension), the sensitivity and specificity of the high throughput assay was shown to be 92 and 97%, respectively, depending on the source of genomic DNA. Using the high-throughput assay, we demonstrate by multivariate analysis an increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, glial brain tumors, and osteosarcoma for patients carrying nonnull alleles of GSTM1 and/or GSTT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Barnette
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy is limited by significant inter-individual variations in responses and toxicities. Such variations are often due to genetic alterations in drug metabolising enzymes (pharmacokinetic polymorphisms) or receptor expression (pharmacodynamic polymorphisms). Pharmacogenetic screening prior to anticancer drug administration may lead to identification of specific populations predisposed to drug toxicity or poor drug responses. The role of polymorphisms in specific enzymes, such as thiopurine S-methyltransferases (TPMT), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH), glutathione S-transferases (GST), uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl-transferases (UGTs) and cytochrome P450 (CYP 450) enzymes in cancer therapy are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Iyer
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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