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Yashiro T, Yamamoto M, Araumi S, Hara M, Yogo K, Uchida K, Kasakura K, Nishiyama C. PU.1 and IRF8 Modulate Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome via Regulating Its Expression in Human Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:649572. [PMID: 33897697 PMCID: PMC8058198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.649572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasomes play crucial roles in the initiation of host defense by converting pro-Caspase-1 to mature Caspase-1, which in turn processes immature IL-1β and IL-18 into their biologically active forms. Although NLRP3 expression is restricted to monocytic lineages such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, the mechanisms determining the lineage-specific expression of NLRP3 remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the transcription factors involved in cell-type-specific transcription of NLRP3. We found that a distal, rather than a proximal, promoter of human NLRP3 was predominantly used in the human monocytic cell lines and macrophages. Reporter analysis showed that an Ets/IRF composite element (EICE) at -309/-300 and an Ets motif at +5/+8 were critical for transcriptional activity of the distal promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that two transcription factors, PU.1 and IRF8, both of which play essential roles in development and gene expression of the monocytic lineage, were bound to the EICE site, whereas PU.1 alone was bound to the Ets site. Knockdown of PU.1 and/or IRF8 mediated by small interfering RNA downregulated expression of NLRP3 and related molecules and markedly diminished the LPS-induced release of IL-1β in THP-1, suggesting that activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome was suppressed by knockdown of PU.1 and IRF8. Taken together, these results indicate that PU.1 and IRF8 are involved in the monocytic lineage-specific expression of NLRP3 by binding to regulatory elements within its promoter and that PU.1 and IRF8 are potential targets for regulating the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yashiro
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-Ku, Japan
| | - Machiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-Ku, Japan
| | - Sanae Araumi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-Ku, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Hara
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yogo
- Juntendo University Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Koichiro Uchida
- Juntendo University Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kasakura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-Ku, Japan
| | - Chiharu Nishiyama
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-Ku, Japan
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Skapek SX, Pan YR, Lee EYHP. Regulation of cell lineage specification by the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor. Oncogene 2006; 25:5268-76. [PMID: 16936747 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Early studies of the retinoblastoma gene (RB) have uncovered its critical role as a regulator of the G(1)/S cell cycle phase progression. Surprisingly, genetic approaches in mammals and nematodes have also shown RB controls cell lineage specification and aspects of differentiation. The RB gene product accomplishes this by diverse mechanisms such as by interacting with tissue-specific transcription factors, enhancing RNA interference, and modifying chromatin structure. We review recent studies uncovering novel mechanisms by which RB works in several cell lineages and we provide perspectives on how these new findings might relate to RB tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Skapek
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Heinonen KM, Dubé N, Bourdeau A, Lapp WS, Tremblay ML. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B negatively regulates macrophage development through CSF-1 signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:2776-81. [PMID: 16477024 PMCID: PMC1413784 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0508563103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) is a ubiquitously expressed cytosolic phosphatase with the ability to dephosphorylate JAK2 and TYK2, and thereby down-regulate cytokine receptor signaling. Furthermore, PTP-1B levels are up-regulated in certain chronic myelogenous leukemia patients, which points to a potential role for PTP-1B in myeloid development. The results presented here show that the absence of PTP-1B affects murine myelopoiesis by modifying the ratio of monocytes to granulocytes in vivo. This bias toward monocytic development is at least in part due to a decreased threshold of response to CSF-1, because the PTP-1B -/- bone marrow presents no abnormalities at the granulocyte-monocyte progenitor level but produces significantly more monocytic colonies in the presence of CSF-1. This phenomenon is not due to an increase in receptor levels but rather to enhanced phosphorylation of the activation loop tyrosine. PTP-1B -/- cells display increased inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo through the constitutive up-regulation of activation markers as well as increased sensitivity to endotoxin. Collectively, our data indicate that PTP-1B is an important modulator of myeloid differentiation and macrophage activation in vivo and provide a demonstration of a physiological role for PTP-1B in immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M. Heinonen
- *Division of Experimental Medicine
- McGill Cancer Centre, and Departments of
| | - Nadia Dubé
- McGill Cancer Centre, and Departments of
- Biochemistry and
| | | | - Wayne S. Lapp
- *Division of Experimental Medicine
- Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Michel L. Tremblay
- *Division of Experimental Medicine
- McGill Cancer Centre, and Departments of
- Biochemistry and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
McGill Cancer Centre, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Room 701, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 1Y6. E-mail:
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Metcalf D, Dakic A, Mifsud S, Di Rago L, Wu L, Nutt S. Inactivation of PU.1 in adult mice leads to the development of myeloid leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:1486-91. [PMID: 16432184 PMCID: PMC1360594 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0510616103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically primed adult C57BL mice were deleted of exon 5 of the gene encoding the transcription factor PU.1 by IFN activation of Cre recombinase. After a 13-week delay, conditionally deleted (PU.1(-/-)) mice began dying of myeloid leukemia, and 95% of the mice surviving from early postinduction death developed transplantable myeloid leukemia whose cells were deleted of PU.1 and uniformly Gr-1 positive. The leukemic cells formed autonomous colonies in semisolid culture with varying clonal efficiency, but colony formation was enhanced by IL-3 and sometimes by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Nine of 13 tumors analyzed had developed a capacity for autocrine IL-3 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production, and there was evidence of rearrangement of the IL-3 gene. Acquisition of autocrine growth-factor production and autonomous growth appeared to be major events in the transformation of conditionally deleted PU.1(-/-) cells to fully developed myeloid leukemic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Metcalf
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville 3050, Victoria, Australia.
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Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed significant advances in our understanding of the cellular physiology and molecular regulation of hematopoiesis. At the heart of stem cell self-renewal and lineage commitment decisions lies the relative expression levels of lineage-specific transcription factors. The expression of these transcription factors in early stem cells may be promiscuous and fluctuate, but ultimately comes under the influence of extracellular regulatory signals in the form of hematopoietic cytokines. In this review, we first summarize our current understanding of the phenotypic characterization of hematopoietic stem cells. Next, we describe key known transcription factors which govern stem cell self-renewal and lineage commitment decisions. Finally, we review data concerning the role of specific cytokines in influencing these decisions. From this review, a picture emerges in which stem cell fate decisions are governed by the integrated effects of intrinsic transcription factors and external signaling pathways initiated by regulatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
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Kim YM, Kang HS, Paik SG, Pyun KH, Anderson KL, Torbett BE, Choi I. Roles of IFN Consensus Sequence Binding Protein and PU.1 in Regulating IL-18 Gene Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.4.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-18 is expressed from a variety of cell types. Two promoters located upstream of exon 1 (5′-flanking region) and upstream of exon 2 (intron 1) regulate its expression. Both promoter regions were cloned into pCAT-Basic plasmid to yield p1-2686 for the 5′-flanking promoter and p2-2.3 for the intron 1 promoter. Both promoters showed basal constitutive activity and LPS inducibility when transfected into RAW 264.7 macrophages. To learn the regulatory elements of both promoters, 5′-serial deletion and site-directed mutants were prepared. For the activity of the p1-2686 promoter, the IFN consensus sequence binding protein (ICSBP) binding site between −39 and −22 was critical. EMSA using an oligonucleotide probe encompassing the ICSBP binding site showed that LPS treatment increased the formation of DNA binding complex. In addition, when supershift assays were performed, retardation of the protein-DNA complex was seen after the addition of anti-ICSBP Ab. For the activity of the p2-2.3 promoter, the PU.1 binding site between −31 and −13 was important. EMSA using a PU.1-specific oligonucleotide demonstrated that LPS treatment increased PU.1 binding activity. The addition of PU.1-specific Ab to LPS-treated nuclear extracts resulted in the formation of a supershifted complex. Furthermore, cotransfection of ICSBP or PU.1 expression vector increased p1 promoter activity or IL-18 expression, respectively. Taken together, these results indicate that ICSBP and PU.1 are critical elements for IL-18 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Man Kim
- *Immune Cell Signal Transduction RU, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kang
- *Immune Cell Signal Transduction RU, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gi Paik
- †Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Taejon, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Kwang-Ho Pyun
- *Immune Cell Signal Transduction RU, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Karen L. Anderson
- ‡Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Bruce E. Torbett
- ‡Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Inpyo Choi
- *Immune Cell Signal Transduction RU, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
PU.1 is an ets family transcription factor that is expressed specifically in hematopoietic lineages. Through gene disruption studies in mice we have previously shown that the expression of PU.1 is not essential for early myeloid lineage or neutrophil commitment, but is essential for monocyte/macrophage development. We have also shown that PU.1-null (deficient) neutrophils have neutrophil morphology and express neutrophil-specific markers such as Gr-1 and chloroacetate esterase both in vivo and in vitro. We now demonstrate that although PU.1-null mice develop neutrophils, these cells fail to terminally differentiate as shown by the absence of messages for neutrophil secondary granule components and the absence or deficiency of cellular responses to stimuli that normally invoke neutrophil function. Specifically, PU.1-deficient neutrophils fail to respond to selected chemokines, do not generate superoxide ions, and are ineffective at bacterial uptake and killing. The failure to produce superoxide could, in part, be explained by the absence of the gp91 subunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, as shown by our inability to detect messages for the gp91phoxgene. Incomplete maturation of PU.1-deficient neutrophils is cell autonomous and persists in cultured PU.1-deficient cells. Our results indicate that PU.1 is not necessary for neutrophil lineage commitment but is essential for normal development, maturation, and function of neutrophils.© 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
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