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Somazu S, Tanaka Y, Tamai M, Watanabe A, Kagami K, Abe M, Harama D, Shinohara T, Akahane K, Goi K, Sugita K, Moriyama T, Yang J, Goto H, Minegishi M, Iwamoto S, Takita J, Inukai T. NUDT15 polymorphism and NT5C2 and PRPS1 mutations influence thiopurine sensitivity in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10521-10533. [PMID: 34636169 PMCID: PMC8581340 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), maintenance therapy consisting of oral daily mercaptopurine and weekly methotrexate is important. NUDT15 variant genotype is reportedly highly associated with severe myelosuppression during maintenance therapy, particularly in Asian and Hispanic populations. It has also been demonstrated that acquired somatic mutations of the NT5C2 and PRPS1 genes, which are involved in thiopurine metabolism, are detectable in a portion of relapsed childhood ALL. To directly confirm the significance of the NUDT15 variant genotype and NT5C2 and PRPS1 mutations in thiopurine sensitivity of leukaemia cells in the intrinsic genes, we investigated 84 B‐cell precursor‐ALL (BCP‐ALL) cell lines. Three and 14 cell lines had homozygous and heterozygous variant diplotypes of the NUDT15 gene, respectively, while 4 and 2 cell lines that were exclusively established from the samples at relapse had the NT5C2 and PRPS1 mutations, respectively. Both NUDT15 variant genotype and NT5C2 and PRPS1 mutations were significantly associated with DNA‐incorporated thioguanine levels after exposure to thioguanine at therapeutic concentration. Considering the continuous exposure during the maintenance therapy, we evaluated in vitro mercaptopurine sensitivity after 7‐day exposure. Mercaptopurine concentrations lethal to 50% of the leukaemia cells were comparable to therapeutic serum concentration of mercaptopurine. Both NUDT15 variant genotype and NT5C2 and PRPS1 mutations were significantly associated with mercaptopurine sensitivity in 83 BCP‐ALL and 23 T‐ALL cell lines. The present study provides direct evidence to support the general principle showing that both inherited genotype and somatically acquired mutation are crucially implicated in the drug sensitivity of leukaemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Somazu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoichi Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Minori Tamai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Keiko Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masako Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Harama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tamao Shinohara
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Koshi Akahane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kumiko Goi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kanji Sugita
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takaya Moriyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hiroaki Goto
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Shotaro Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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