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Kimura SI, Nakamura Y, Kawamura M, Takeshita J, Kawamura S, Yoshino N, Misaki Y, Yoshimura K, Matsumi S, Gomyo A, Okada Y, Akahoshi Y, Tamaki M, Kusuda M, Kameda K, Wada H, Sato M, Tanihara A, Nakasone H, Kako S, Kanda Y. Neutropenia in the First Cycle of Consolidation Chemotherapy with High-Dose Cytarabine Is Not Associated with the Incidence of Relapse in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients in First Complete Remission. Acta Haematol 2022; 145:404-411. [PMID: 35045423 DOI: 10.1159/000522037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that prolonged neutropenia during post-remission chemotherapy is associated with a reduced risk of disease relapse in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the charts of adult AML patients in first complete remission (CR1) who underwent consolidation chemotherapy with high-dose cytarabine. Those receiving allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in CR1 were excluded. We calculated the D-index, which is an area-based neutropenia index. The patients were divided into 2 groups using the median value of the D-index during the first cycle of consolidation chemotherapy (C#1). RESULTS Fifty-six patients were included. The 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 54.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 37.5-73.8) in patients with a D-index < 5,118 and 62.0% (95%CI: 42.7-81.4) in those with a D-index ≥ 5,118 (P = 0.56). In a multivariate analysis, intermediate / adverse cytogenetic risk (HR 2.76), performance status ≥ 2 (HR 5.55) and 2 cycles of induction chemotherapy required to achieve CR1 (HR 4.29) were identified as significant factors associated with relapse. The D-index at C#1 did not have a significant impact. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to pediatric patients, the severity of neutropenia is not associated with a risk of disease relapse in adult AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ichi Kimura
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuhei Nakamura
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Kawamura
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Junko Takeshita
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shunto Kawamura
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yoshino
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yukiko Misaki
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yoshimura
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shimpei Matsumi
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ayumi Gomyo
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Okada
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yu Akahoshi
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaharu Tamaki
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Machiko Kusuda
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kameda
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Wada
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Miki Sato
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Aki Tanihara
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakasone
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kako
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kanda
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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Samudio I, Konopleva M, Safe S, McQueen T, Andreeff M. Guggulsterones induce apoptosis and differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia: identification of isomer-specific antileukemic activities of the pregnadienedione structure. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 4:1982-92. [PMID: 16373713 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-05-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the antileukemic effects of three isomeric pregnadienedione steroids [i.e., cis-guggulsterone, trans-guggulsterone, and 16-dehydroprogesterone] were investigated in HL60 and U937 cells as well as in primary leukemic blasts in culture. Our results show that all three compounds inhibited the proliferation of HL60 and U937 cells, with IC50s ranging from 3.6 to 10.9 micromol/L after treatment for 6 days. These growth inhibitory effects correlated with externalization of phosphatidylserine and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, suggesting that these isomeric steroids induce apoptosis in leukemia cells. z-VAD-fmk prevented phosphatidylserine externalization but not mitochondrial membrane potential loss, indicating that mitochondrial dysfunction occurred in the absence of caspase activation. Interestingly, although all three compounds increased the generation of reactive oxygen species and decreased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, only cis-guggulsterone induced a rapid depletion of reduced glutathione levels and oxidation of the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin. 16-Dehydroprogesterone and trans-guggulsterone induced differentiation of HL60 and NB4 cells as evidenced by increased surface expression of CD11b and/or CD14, and all three steroids rapidly induced mitochondrial dysfunction and phosphatidylserine externalization of CD34-positive blasts from primary leukemic samples. This study is the first to show that guggulsterones and 16-dehydroprogesterone exert antileukemic effects via the induction of apoptosis and differentiation and, more importantly, identifies the pregnadienedione structure as a potential chemotherapeutic scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Samudio
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 448, 1400 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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