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Tober J, Koniski A, McGrath KE, Vemishetti R, Emerson R, de Mesy-Bentley KKL, Waugh R, Palis J. The megakaryocyte lineage originates from hemangioblast precursors and is an integral component both of primitive and of definitive hematopoiesis. Blood 2007; 109:1433-41. [PMID: 17062726 PMCID: PMC1794060 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-06-031898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Accepted: 10/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult, platelets are derived from unipotential megakaryocyte colony-forming cells (Meg-CFCs) that arise from bipotential megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitors (MEPs). To better define the developmental origin of the megakaryocyte lineage, several aspects of megakaryopoiesis, including progenitors, maturing megakaryocytes, and circulating platelets, were examined in the murine embryo. We found that a majority of hemangioblast precursors during early gastrulation contains megakaryocyte potential. Combining progenitor assays with immunohistochemical analysis, we identified 2 waves of MEPs in the yolk sac associated with the primitive and definitive erythroid lineages. Primitive MEPs emerge at E7.25 along with megakaryocyte and primitive erythroid progenitors, indicating that primitive hematopoiesis is bilineage in nature. Subsequently, definitive MEPs expand in the yolk sac with Meg-CFCs and definitive erythroid progenitors. The first GP1bbeta-positive cells in the conceptus were identified in the yolk sac at E9.5, while large, highly reticulated platelets were detected in the embryonic bloodstream beginning at E10.5. At this time, the number of megakaryocyte progenitors begins to decline in the yolk sac and expand in the fetal liver. We conclude that the megakaryocyte lineage initially originates from hemangioblast precursors during early gastrulation and is closely associated both with primitive and with definitive erythroid lineages in the yolk sac prior to the transition of hematopoiesis to intraembryonic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Tober
- Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY 14642, USA
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Ghinassi B, Sanchez M, Martelli F, Amabile G, Vannucchi AM, Migliaccio G, Orkin SH, Migliaccio AR. The hypomorphic Gata1low mutation alters the proliferation/differentiation potential of the common megakaryocytic-erythroid progenitor. Blood 2006; 109:1460-71. [PMID: 17038527 PMCID: PMC1794062 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-07-030726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that mutations in the Gata1 gene may alter the proliferation/differentiation potential of hemopoietic progenitors. By single-cell cloning and sequential replating experiments of prospectively isolated progenitor cells, we demonstrate here that the hypomorphic Gata1low mutation increases the proliferation potential of a unique class of progenitor cells, similar in phenotype to adult common erythroid/megakaryocytic progenitors (MEPs), but with the "unique" capacity to generate erythroblasts, megakaryocytes, and mast cells in vitro. Conversely, progenitor cells phenotypically similar to mast cell progenitors (MCPs) are not detectable in the marrow from these mutants. At the single-cell level, about 11% of Gata1low progenitor cells, including MEPs, generate cells that will continue to proliferate in cultures for up to 4 months. In agreement with these results, trilineage (erythroid, megakaryocytic, and mastocytic) cell lines are consistently isolated from bone marrow and spleen cells of Gata1low mice. These results confirm the crucial role played by Gata1 in hematopoietic commitment and identify, as a new target for the Gata1 action, the restriction point at which common myeloid progenitors become either MEPs or MCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ghinassi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Sarna MK, Ingley E, Busfield SJ, Cull VS, Lepere W, McCarthy DJ, Wright MJ, Palmer GA, Chappell D, Sayer MS, Alexander WS, Hilton DJ, Starr R, Watowich SS, Bittorf T, Klinken SP, Tilbrook PA. Differential regulation of SOCS genes in normal and transformed erythroid cells. Oncogene 2003; 22:3221-30. [PMID: 12761492 PMCID: PMC2396148 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The SOCS family of genes are negative regulators of cytokine signalling with SOCS-1 displaying tumor suppressor activity. SOCS-1, CIS and SOCS-3 have been implicated in the regulation of red blood cell production. In this study, a detailed examination was conducted on the expression patterns of these three SOCS family members in normal erythroid progenitors and a panel of erythroleukemic cell lines. Unexpectedly, differences in SOCS gene expression were observed during maturation of normal red cell progenitors, viz changes to CIS were inversely related to the alterations of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3. Similarly, these SOCS genes were differentially expressed in transformed erythoid cells - erythroleukemic cells immortalized at an immature stage of differentiation expressed SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 mRNA constitutively, whereas in more mature cell lines SOCS-1 and CIS were induced only after exposure to erythropoietin (Epo). Significantly, when ectopic expression of the tyrosine kinase Lyn was used to promote differentiation of immature cell lines, constitutive expression of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 was completely suppressed. Modulation of intracellular signalling via mutated Epo receptors in mature erythroleukemic lines also highlighted different responses by the three SOCS family members. Close scrutiny of SOCS-1 revealed that, despite large increases in mRNA levels, the activity of the promoter did not alter after erythropoietin stimulation; in addition, erythroid cells from SOCS-1-/- mice displayed increased sensitivity to Epo. These observations indicate complex, stage-specific regulation of SOCS genes during normal erythroid maturation and in erythroleukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohinder K Sarna
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Royal Perth Hospital and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Evan Ingley
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Royal Perth Hospital and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Samantha J Busfield
- Neurotrauma Laboratory, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Royal Perth Hospital, Australia
| | - Vanessa S Cull
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Royal Perth Hospital and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Winald Lepere
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Royal Perth Hospital and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - David J McCarthy
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Royal Perth Hospital and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Michael J Wright
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Royal Perth Hospital and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Gene A Palmer
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Royal Perth Hospital and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - David Chappell
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Royal Perth Hospital and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Melissa S Sayer
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Royal Perth Hospital and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Warren S Alexander
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and The Cooperative Research Center for Cellular Growth Factors, PO Box Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Douglas J Hilton
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and The Cooperative Research Center for Cellular Growth Factors, PO Box Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robyn Starr
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and The Cooperative Research Center for Cellular Growth Factors, PO Box Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Thomas Bittorf
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Peter Klinken
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Royal Perth Hospital and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- *Correspondence: SP Klinken, Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, 6th Floor MRF Building, Rear, 50 Murray St, Perth, WA 6000, Australia; E-mail:
| | - Peta A Tilbrook
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Royal Perth Hospital and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed significant advances in our understanding of the cellular physiology and molecular regulation of hematopoiesis. At the heart of stem cell self-renewal and lineage commitment decisions lies the relative expression levels of lineage-specific transcription factors. The expression of these transcription factors in early stem cells may be promiscuous and fluctuate, but ultimately comes under the influence of extracellular regulatory signals in the form of hematopoietic cytokines. In this review, we first summarize our current understanding of the phenotypic characterization of hematopoietic stem cells. Next, we describe key known transcription factors which govern stem cell self-renewal and lineage commitment decisions. Finally, we review data concerning the role of specific cytokines in influencing these decisions. From this review, a picture emerges in which stem cell fate decisions are governed by the integrated effects of intrinsic transcription factors and external signaling pathways initiated by regulatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
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Afrikanova I, Yeh E, Bartos D, Watowich SS, Longmore GD. Oncogene cooperativity in Friend erythroleukemia: erythropoietin receptor activation by the env gene of SFFV leads to transcriptional upregulation of PU.1, independent of SFFV proviral insertion. Oncogene 2002; 21:1272-84. [PMID: 11850847 PMCID: PMC2388250 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2001] [Revised: 10/30/2001] [Accepted: 11/13/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a multi-step, multi-genetic event. Whether oncogenic mutations cooperate with one another to transform cells and how is not well understood. The Friend murine retroviral erythroleukemia model involves mitogenic activation of the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) by the virus env gene (F-gp55), aberrant over-expression of the transcription factor PU.1, and inactivating mutations in p53. In this report we demonstrate that concurrent expression of F-gp55 and PU.1 in erythroid target cells, in vivo, cooperate to accelerate erythroleukemia induction. Early in the disease, prior to the detection of clonal leukemic cells, activation of the EpoR by F-gp55, but not erythropoietin, resulted in transcriptional upregulation of PU.1 through a trans regulatory mechanism. This could occur in the absence of an integrated provirus within the PU.1 gene locus. The regulation of PU.1 transcription in established erythroleukemia cell lines differed depending upon the level of PU.1 protein present. Our results suggest that the action of F-gp55 contributes to both early and late stages of Friend erythroleukemia and that persistence of F-gp55 expression may be required not only to initiate erythroleukemia but to also maintain erythroleukemia following Friend virus infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Erythroid Precursor Cells/drug effects
- Erythroid Precursor Cells/metabolism
- Erythroid Precursor Cells/pathology
- Erythroid Precursor Cells/virology
- Erythropoietin/metabolism
- Erythropoietin/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Interleukin-3/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/virology
- Mice
- Oncogenes/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Erythropoietin/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Spleen Focus-Forming Viruses/genetics
- Spleen Focus-Forming Viruses/physiology
- Time Factors
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Up-Regulation
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism
- Virus Integration
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Afrikanova
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ellen Yeh
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, MO 63110, USA
| | - David Bartos
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephanie S Watowich
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gregory D Longmore
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, MO 63110, USA
- *Correspondence: GD Longmore, Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8125, 660 South Euclid Ave., St. Louis MO 63110, USA; E-mail:
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