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Wang C, Xu J, Zhang Y, Nie G. Emerging nanotechnological approaches to regulating tumor vasculature for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2023; 362:647-666. [PMID: 37703928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal angiogenesis stands for one of the most striking manifestations of malignant tumor. The pathologically and structurally abnormal tumor vasculature facilitates a hostile tumor microenvironment, providing an ideal refuge exclusively for cancer cells. The emergence of vascular regulation drugs has introduced a distinctive class of therapeutics capable of influencing nutrition supply and drug delivery efficacy without the need to penetrate a series of physical barriers to reach tumor cells. Nanomedicines have been further developed for more precise regulation of tumor vasculature with the capacity of co-delivering multiple active pharmaceutical ingredients, which overall reduces the systemic toxicity and boosts the therapeutic efficacy of free drugs. Additionally, precise structure design enables the integration of specific functional motifs, such as surface-targeting ligands, droppable shells, degradable framework, or stimuli-responsive components into nanomedicines, which can improve tissue-specific accumulation, enhance tissue penetration, and realize the controlled and stimulus-triggered release of the loaded cargo. This review describes the morphological and functional characteristics of tumor blood vessels and summarizes the pivotal molecular targets commonly used in nanomedicine design, and then highlights the recent cutting-edge advancements utilizing nanotechnologies for precise regulation of tumor vasculature. Finally, the challenges and future directions of this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College of UCAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Junchao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yinlong Zhang
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College of UCAS, Beijing 100190, China; School of Nanoscience and Engineering, School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College of UCAS, Beijing 100190, China; GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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2
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Kalitin N, Dudina G, Kostritsa N, Sivirinova A, Karamysheva A. Evaluation of VEGF and VEGFR gene expression as prognostic markers in low and intermediate‑1 risk patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:95. [PMID: 36817042 PMCID: PMC9932006 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are angiogenic factors playing a key role in tumor development. VEGFs are produced by different normal and tumor cells, including platelets, lymphocytes and mononuclear cells of peripheral blood. VEGF (VEGF-A, VEGF-C and VEGF-D) and VEGFR (VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3) gene expression was studied in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) to evaluate the possible prognostic role of the expression of these genes. Gene expression levels were determined using peripheral blood samples of 51 patients with MDS and 15 healthy volunteers by quantitative PCR. Expression of all VEGF and VEGFR genes was elevated in patients with MDS compared with healthy volunteers. No association of VEGF-A expression with the hemoglobin content in peripheral blood was found. The analyses of gene expression in patients with MDS stratified by risk groups according to the International Prognostic Scoring System showed progressive augmentation of VEGF-A gene expression from low to high-risk groups and VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 expression from intermediate-1 to high-risk groups. The statistically significant difference in survival time of patients with high and low levels of VEGFR1 expression was revealed. VEGF-A/VEGFR1 expression may be important for risk evaluation of patients with MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Kalitin
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Genetics, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia,Correspondence to: Dr Nikolay Kalitin, Laboratory of Tumor Cell Genetics, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoye Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia, E-mail:
| | - Galina Dudina
- Department of Oncohematology, A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Kostritsa
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Sivirinova
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aida Karamysheva
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Genetics, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Mian SA, Bonnet D. Nature or Nurture? Role of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment in the Genesis and Maintenance of Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4116. [PMID: 34439269 PMCID: PMC8394536 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are clonal haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disorders driven by a complex combination(s) of changes within the genome that result in heterogeneity in both clinical phenotype and disease outcomes. MDS is among the most common of the haematological cancers and its incidence markedly increases with age. Currently available treatments have limited success, with <5% of patients undergoing allogeneic HSC transplantation, a procedure that offers the only possible cure. Critical contributions of the bone marrow microenvironment to the MDS have recently been investigated. Although the better understanding of the underlying biology, particularly genetics of haematopoietic stem cells, has led to better disease and risk classification; however, the role that the bone marrow microenvironment plays in the development of MDS remains largely unclear. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in understanding the aetiology of MDS, particularly focussing on understanding how HSCs and the surrounding immune/non-immune bone marrow niche interacts together.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK;
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4
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Murthi P, Rajaraman G. Inflammasomes in the Pathophysiology of Maternal Obesity: Potential Therapeutic Targets to Reduce Long-Term Adverse Health Outcomes in the Mother and Offspring. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 19:165-175. [PMID: 32493196 DOI: 10.2174/1570161118666200603131536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, the prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically worldwide, with an increase in occurrence among women in their reproductive age. Obesity during pregnancy is associated with significantly increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. In addition to the short-term adverse health outcomes, both mother and the child are prone to develop cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological disorders. Although associations between obesity during pregnancy and adverse maternalfetal health outcomes are clear, the complex molecular mechanisms underlying maternal obesity remain largely unknown. This review describes multimeric self-assembling protein complexes, namely inflammasomes, as potential molecular targets in the pathophysiology of maternal obesity. Inflammasomes are implicated in both normal physiological and in pathophysiological processes that occur in response to an inflammatory milieu throughout gestation. This review highlights the current knowledge of inflammasome expression and its activity in pregnancies affected by maternal obesity. Key discussions in defining pharmacological inhibition of upstream as well as downstream targets of the inflammasome signaling cascade; and the inflammasome platform, as a potential therapeutic strategy in attenuating the pathophysiology underpinning inflammatory component in maternal obesity are presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Murthi
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Mosteo L, Storer J, Batta K, Searle EJ, Duarte D, Wiseman DH. The Dynamic Interface Between the Bone Marrow Vascular Niche and Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Myeloid Malignancy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:635189. [PMID: 33777944 PMCID: PMC7991089 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.635189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells interact with bone marrow niches, including highly specialized blood vessels. Recent studies have revealed the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of bone marrow endothelial cells. This has facilitated the analysis of the vascular microenvironment in steady state and malignant hematopoiesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the bone marrow microenvironment, focusing on refined analyses of the marrow vascular compartment performed in mouse studies. We also discuss the emerging role of the vascular niche in “inflamm-aging” and clonal hematopoiesis, and how the endothelial microenvironment influences, supports and interacts with hematopoietic cells in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, as exemplar states of malignant myelopoiesis. Finally, we provide an overview of strategies for modulating these bidirectional interactions to therapeutic effect in myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mosteo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joanna Storer
- Epigenetics of Haematopoiesis Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kiran Batta
- Epigenetics of Haematopoiesis Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J Searle
- Epigenetics of Haematopoiesis Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Haematology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Delfim Duarte
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Onco-Hematology, Instituto Português de Oncologia (IPO)-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel H Wiseman
- Epigenetics of Haematopoiesis Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Haematology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Wang H, Liang P, Zheng L, Long C, Li H, Zuo Y. eHSCPr discriminating the cell identity involved in endothelial to hematopoietic transition. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:2157-2164. [PMID: 33532815 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to all blood cells and play a vital role throughout the whole lifespan through their pluripotency and self-renewal properties. Accurately identifying the stages of early HSCs is extremely important, as it may open up new prospects for extracorporeal blood research. Existing experimental techniques for identifying the early stages of HSCs development are time-consuming and expensive. Machine learning has shown its excellence in massive single-cell data processing and it is desirable to develop related computational models as good complements to experimental techniques. RESULTS In this study, we presented a novel predictor called eHSCPr specifically for predicting the early stages of HSCs development. To reveal the distinct genes at each developmental stage of HSCs, we compared F-score with three state-of-art differential gene selection methods (limma, DESeq2, edgeR) and evaluated their performance. F-score captured the more critical surface markers of endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells, and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) value was 0.987. Based on SVM, the 10-fold cross-validation accuracy of eHSCpr in the independent dataset and the training dataset reached 94.84% and 94.19%, respectively. Importantly, we performed transcription analysis on the F-score gene set, which indeed further enriched the signal markers of HSCs development stages. eHSCPr can be a powerful tool for predicting early stages of HSCs development, facilitating hypothesis-driven experimental design and providing crucial clues for the in vitro blood regeneration studies. AVAILABILITY http://bioinfor.imu.edu.cn/ehscpr. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Pengfei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - ChunShen Long
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - HanShuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Yongchun Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
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7
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Xiong B, Nie Y, Yu Y, Wang S, Zuo X. Reduced miR-16 levels are associated with VEGF upregulation in high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. J Cancer 2021; 12:1967-1977. [PMID: 33753995 PMCID: PMC7974534 DOI: 10.7150/jca.52455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a major angiogenic factor, was found in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and showed different expression statuses in different risk groups of MDS. We aimed to investigate the possible role of microRNA (miR)-15a and miR-16 on the regulation of VEGF expression and their effect on angiogenesis in lower- and higher-risk MDS. Methods: We studied peripheral blood and bone marrow samples of MDS patients or several leukaemia and MDS cell lines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence and quantitative PCR for expression levels of VEGF, miR-15a and miR-16. MiRNA transfection and Luciferase reporter assays were conducted to investigate whether VEGF is a target of miR-16. Migration and tube formation assays were performed in cells exposed to medium from cells with overexpressed or knockdown miR-16. Results: It showed a significantly lower level of miR-16 in higher-risk MDS patients, while the VEGF levels were upregulated. Inverse correlation between VEGF and miR-16 were determined in cells lines including SKM-1, THP-1, and K562 cells. Overexpression of miR-16 in SKM-1 cells resulted in reduced VEGF secretion and cell protein levels. Direct binding of miR-16 to the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of VEGF was confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. The migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells decreased in the presence of medium from SKM-1 cells with overexpressed miR-16. Conclusion: These data suggest that miR-16 may play a role in angiogenesis in higher-risk MDS by targeting VEGF and therefore modulating MDS progression. MiR-16 might be a novel therapeutic target in higher-risk MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Xiong
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Yalan Yu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuelan Zuo
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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8
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Kobayashi PE, Lainetti PF, Leis-Filho AF, Delella FK, Carvalho M, Cury SS, Carvalho RF, Fonseca-Alves CE, Laufer-Amorim R. Transcriptome of Two Canine Prostate Cancer Cells Treated With Toceranib Phosphate Reveals Distinct Antitumor Profiles Associated With the PDGFR Pathway. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:561212. [PMID: 33324695 PMCID: PMC7726326 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.561212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine prostate cancer (PC) presents a poor antitumor response, usually late diagnosis and prognosis. Toceranib phosphate (TP) is a nonspecific inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and c-KIT. This study aimed to evaluate VEGFR2, PDGFR-β, and c-KIT protein expression in two established canine PC cell lines (PC1 and PC2) and the transcriptome profile of the cells after treatment with TP. Immunofluorescence (IF) analysis revealed VEGFR2 and PDGFR-β protein expression and the absence of c-KIT protein expression in both cell lines. After TP treatment, only the viability of PC1 cells decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Transcriptome and enrichment analyses of treated PC1 cells revealed 181 upregulated genes, which were related to decreased angiogenesis and cell proliferation. In addition, we found upregulated PDGFR-A, PDGFR-β, and PDGF-D expression in PC1 cells, and the upregulation of PDGFR-β was also observed in treated PC1 cells by qPCR. PC2 cells had fewer protein-protein interactions (PPIs), with 18 upregulated and 22 downregulated genes; the upregulated genes were involved in the regulation of parallel pathways and mechanisms related to proliferation, which could be associated with the resistance observed after treatment. The canine PC1 cell line but not the PC2 cell line showed decreased viability after treatment with TP, although both cell lines expressed PDGFR and VEGFR receptors. Further studies could explain the mechanism of resistance in PC2 cells and provide a basis for personalized treatment for dogs with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila E Kobayashi
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Patrícia F Lainetti
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Antonio F Leis-Filho
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Flávia K Delella
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Marcio Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Sarah Santiloni Cury
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Robson Francisco Carvalho
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.,Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University-UNIP, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Renée Laufer-Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
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9
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Wang B, Wu Z, Wang J, Li W, Liu G, Zhang B, Tang Y. Insights into the mechanism of Arnebia euchroma on leukemia via network pharmacology approach. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:322. [PMID: 33109189 PMCID: PMC7590697 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03106-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arnebia euchroma (A. euchroma) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used for the treatment of blood diseases including leukemia. In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the anti-tumor effect of shikonin and its derivatives, the major active components of A. euchroma. However, the underlying mechanism of action (MoA) for all the components of A. euchroma on leukemia has not been explored systematically. METHODS In this study, we analyzed the MoA of A. euchroma on leukemia via network pharmacology approach. Firstly, the chemical components and their concentrations in A. euchroma as well as leukemia-related targets were collected. Next, we predicted compound-target interactions (CTIs) with our balanced substructure-drug-target network-based inference (bSDTNBI) method. The known and predicted targets of A. euchroma and leukemia-related targets were merged together to construct A. euchroma-leukemia protein-protein interactions (PPIs) network. Then, weighted compound-target bipartite network was constructed according to combination of eight central attributes with concentration information through Cytoscape. Additionally, molecular docking simulation was performed to calculate whether the components and predicted targets have interactions or not. RESULTS A total of 65 components of A. euchroma were obtained and 27 of them with concentration information, which were involved in 157 targets and 779 compound-target interactions (CTIs). Following the calculation of eight central attributes of targets in A. euchroma-leukemia PPI network, 37 targets with all central attributes greater than the median values were selected to construct the weighted compound-target bipartite network and do the KEGG pathway analysis. We found that A. euchroma candidate targets were significantly associated with several apoptosis and inflammation-related biological pathways, such as MAPK signaling, PI3K-Akt signaling, IL-17 signaling, and T cell receptor signaling pathways. Moreover, molecular docking simulation demonstrated that there were eight pairs of predicted CTIs had the strong binding free energy. CONCLUSIONS This study deciphered that the efficacy of A. euchroma in the treatment of leukemia might be attributed to 10 targets and 14 components, which were associated with inhibiting leukemia cell survival and inducing apoptosis, relieving inflammatory environment and inhibiting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biting Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zengrui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Jiye Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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10
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Ria R, Melaccio A, Racanelli V, Vacca A. Anti-VEGF Drugs in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma Patients. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1765. [PMID: 32517267 PMCID: PMC7355441 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the bone marrow microenvironment and plasma cells plays an essential role in multiple myeloma progression and drug resistance. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) pathway in vascular endothelial cells activates and promotes angiogenesis. Moreover, VEGF activates and promotes vasculogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry when it interacts with VEGF receptors expressed in precursor cells and inflammatory cells, respectively. In myeloma bone marrow, VEGF and VEGF receptor expression are upregulated and hyperactive in the stromal and tumor cells. It has been demonstrated that several antiangiogenic agents can effectively target VEGF-related pathways in the preclinical phase. However, they are not successful in treating multiple myeloma, probably due to the vicarious action of other cytokines and signaling pathways. Thus, the simultaneous blocking of multiple cytokine pathways, including the VEGF/VEGFR pathway, may represent a valid strategy to treat multiple myeloma. This review aims to summarize recent advances in understanding the role of the VEGF/VEGFR pathway in multiple myeloma, and mainly focuses on the transcription pathway and on strategies that target this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (V.R.); (A.V.)
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11
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Houshmand M, Blanco TM, Circosta P, Yazdi N, Kazemi A, Saglio G, Zarif MN. Bone marrow microenvironment: The guardian of leukemia stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:476-490. [PMID: 31523368 PMCID: PMC6716085 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i8.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) is the main sanctuary of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and protects these cells against conventional therapies. However, it may open up an opportunity to target LSCs by breaking the close connection between LSCs and the BMM. The elimination of LSCs is of high importance, since they follow cancer stem cell theory as a part of this population. Based on cancer stem cell theory, a cell with stem cell-like features stands at the apex of the hierarchy and produces a heterogeneous population and governs the disease. Secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular vesicles, whether through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms by activation of downstream signaling pathways in LSCs, favors their persistence and makes the BMM less hospitable for normal stem cells. While all details about the interactions of the BMM and LSCs remain to be elucidated, some clinical trials have been designed to limit these reciprocal interactions to cure leukemia more effectively. In this review, we focus on chronic myeloid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia LSCs and their milieu in the bone marrow, how to segregate them from the normal compartment, and finally the possible ways to eliminate these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Houshmand
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Teresa Mortera Blanco
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 14183, Sweden
| | - Paola Circosta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Narjes Yazdi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran
| | - Alireza Kazemi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Mahin Nikougoftar Zarif
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran 146651157, Iran
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 14183, Sweden
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12
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Yu K, Wang J, Lu T, Ma D, Wei D, Guo Y, Cheng B, Wang W, Fang Q. Overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 in microenvironment mediates vincristine resistance of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by promoting vascular endothelial growth factor secretion. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17791-17810. [PMID: 31264739 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance often causes treatment failure of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). However, the mechanism remains unclear at present. Herein, overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was found in the bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from B-ALL patients developing resistance to vincristine (VCR), a chemotherapeutic agent. Two B-ALL cell lines Super B15 and CCRF-SB were cocultured with BMSCs transfected with lentivirus to regulate the expression of HO-1. Silencing HO-1 expression in BMSCs increased the apoptotic rates of B-ALL cell lines induced by VCR, whereas upregulating HO-1 expression reduced the rate. Cell cycle can be arrested in the G2/M phase by VCR. In contrast, B-ALL cells were arrested in the G0/G1 phase due to HO-1 overexpression in BMSCs, which avoided damage from the G2/M phase. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in BMSCs, as a key factor in the microenvironment-associated chemoresistance, was also positively coexpressed with HO-1. VEGF secretion was markedly increased in BMSCs with HO-1 upregulation but decreased in BMSCs with HO-1 silencing. B-ALL cell lines became resistant to VCR when cultured with VEGF recombinant protein, so VEGF secretion induced by HO-1 expression may promote the VCR resistance of B-ALL cells. As to the molecular mechanism, the PI3K/AKT pathway mediated regulation of VEGF by HO-1. In conclusion, this study clarifies a mechanism by which B-ALL is induced to resist VCR through HO-1 overexpression in BMSCs, and provides a novel strategy for overcoming VCR resistance in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlin Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Danna Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yongling Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Bingqin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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13
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Xu S, Li X, Liu Y, Xia Y, Chang R, Zhang C. Inflammasome inhibitors: promising therapeutic approaches against cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:64. [PMID: 31242947 PMCID: PMC6595574 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0755-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has long been accepted as a key component of carcinogenesis. During inflammation, inflammasomes are potent contributors to the activation of inflammatory cytokines that lead to an inflammatory cascade. Considering the contributing role of inflammasomes in cancer progression, inflammasome inhibitors seem to have a promising future in cancer treatment and prevention. Here, we summarize the structures and signaling pathways of inflammasomes and detail some inflammasome inhibitors used to treat various forms of cancer, which we expect to be used in novel anticancer approaches. However, the practical application of inflammasome inhibitors is limited in regard to specific types of cancer, and the associated clinical trials have not yet been completed. Therefore, additional studies are required to explore more innovative and effective medicines for future clinical treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizhe Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanqi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruimin Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Zannoni J, Mauz N, Seyve L, Meunier M, Pernet-Gallay K, Brault J, Jouzier C, Laurin D, Pezet M, Pernollet M, Cahn JY, Cognasse F, Polack B, Park S. Tumor microenvironment and clonal monocytes from chronic myelomonocytic leukemia induce a procoagulant climate. Blood Adv 2019; 3:1868-1880. [PMID: 31221660 PMCID: PMC6595258 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018026955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a myeloid hematological malignancy with overlapping features of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The knowledge of the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), in MDS pathogenesis is increasing. Generally, cancer is associated with a procoagulant state participating in tumor development. Monocytes release procoagulant, tissue factor (TF)-bearing microparticles. We hypothesized that MSCs and clonal monocytes release procoagulant extracellular vesicles (EVs) within the CMML TME, inducing a procoagulant state that could modify hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis. We isolated and cultured MSCs and monocytes from CMML patients and MSCs from healthy donors (HDs). Their medium EVs and small EVs (sEVs) were collected after iterative ultracentrifugations and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Their impact on hemostasis was studied with a thrombin generation assay and fibrinography. CMML or HD HSCs were exposed to sEVs from either CMML or HD MSCs. CMML MSC sEVs increased HD HSC procoagulant activity, suggesting a transfer of TF from the CMML TME to HD HSCs. The presence of TF on sEVs was shown by electron microscopy and western blot. Moreover, CMML monocyte EVs conferred a procoagulant activity to HD MSCs, which was reversed by an anti-TF antibody, suggesting the presence of TF on the EVs. Our findings revealed a procoagulant "climate" within the CMML environment related to TF-bearing sEVs secreted by CMML MSCs and monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Zannoni
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Natacha Mauz
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Landry Seyve
- Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications-Thérapeutique Recombinante Expérimentale, UMR 5525 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathieu Meunier
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Karin Pernet-Gallay
- Grenoble Institute for Neurosciences, INSERM U1216, Plateforme de Microscopie Electronique, Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Brault
- Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications-Thérapeutique Recombinante Expérimentale, UMR 5525 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Centre de Diagnostic de la Granulomatose Septique Diagnosis and Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Jouzier
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - David Laurin
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang Rhône-Alpes-Auvergne, Grenoble, France
| | - Mylène Pezet
- Plateforme de Microscopie Photonique, Cytométrie en Flux, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Martine Pernollet
- Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Yves Cahn
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice Cognasse
- Etablissement Français du Sang Rhône-Alpes-Auvergne, Saint-Etienne, France; and
- GIMAP-EA3064, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Benoît Polack
- Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications-Thérapeutique Recombinante Expérimentale, UMR 5525 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Park
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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15
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Lacal PM, Graziani G. Therapeutic implication of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) targeting in cancer cells and tumor microenvironment by competitive and non-competitive inhibitors. Pharmacol Res 2018; 136:97-107. [PMID: 30170190 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) is a tyrosine kinase receptor for VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and placental growth factor (PlGF) ligands that is expressed in endothelial, myelomonocytic and tumor cells. VEGF-B and PlGF exclusively bind to VEGFR-1, whereas VEGF-A also binds to VEGFR-2. At variance with VEGFR-2, VEGFR-1 does not play a relevant role in physiological angiogenesis in the adult, while it is important in tumor-associated angiogenesis. VEGFR-1 and PlGF are expressed in a variety of tumors, promote invasiveness and contribute to resistance to anti-VEGF-A therapy. The currently approved antiangiogenic therapies for the treatment of a variety of solid tumors hamper VEGF-A signaling mediated by both VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-1 [i.e., the monoclonal antibody (mAb) anti-VEGF-A bevacizumab, the chimeric molecule aflibercept and several small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors] or exclusively by VEGFR-2 (i.e., the mAb anti-VEGFR-2 ramucirumab). However, molecules that interfere with VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signaling determine severe adverse effects due to inhibition of physiological angiogenesis and their efficacy is hampered by tumor infiltration of protumoral myeloid cells. Blockade of VEGFR-1 may exert anti-tumor activity by multiple mechanisms: a) inhibition of tumor-associated angiogenesis; b) reduction of myeloid progenitor mobilization and tumor infiltration by VEGFR-1 expressing M2 macrophages, which contribute to tumor progression and spreading; c) inhibition of invasiveness, vasculogenic mimicry and survival of VEGFR-1 positive tumor cells. As a consequence of these properties, molecules targeting VEGFR-1 are expected to produce less adverse effects and to counteract resistance towards anti-VEGF-A therapies. More interestingly, selective VEGFR-1 inhibition might enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we will examine the experimental evidence available so far that supports targeting VEGFR-1 signal transduction pathway for cancer treatment by competitive inhibitors that prevent growth factor interaction with the receptor and non-competitive inhibitors that hamper receptor activation without affecting ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Miguel Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy.
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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16
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Yu W, Chen G, Sun Y, Gao S, Li W, Cui J, Sun J. Gastric carcinoma subsequent to myelodysplastic syndrome with t (1; 19) chromosome translocation: A rare case report and its potential mechanisms. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11535. [PMID: 30045276 PMCID: PMC6078750 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous malignant hematologic disease with median overall survival ranging from six months to more than ten years. Solid tumor rarely occurs in combination with MDS and the underlying pathogenesis and prognostic significance still remain controversial. PATIENT CONCERNS Here we report a relative low risk myelodysplastic syndrome-refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (MDS-RCMD) patient, with a rare t(1; 19)chromosome translocation. This patient also suffered from gastric carcinoma. DIAGNOSES Gastric carcinoma, Myelodysplastic syndrome with t (1; 19) chromosome translocation. INTERVENTIONS This patient received radical operation for gastric carcinoma and erythropoietin infusion. OUTCOMES The patient took follow up visits every 2 to 3 months in past years and now he is in stable disease without further treatment. LESSONS We reviewed the mechanism of MDS complicated by solid tumor and concluded the potential mechanisms of this patient. The interactions between potential factors may play a role in oncogenesis which, however, need an in-depth study of its operating mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Yu
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin Unversity, Jilin
- Department of Hematology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai
| | - Gaoyang Chen
- Research Center ,the Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilin
| | - Yunpeng Sun
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, the First Hospital of Jilin Unversity, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Sujun Gao
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin Unversity, Jilin
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin Unversity, Jilin
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin Unversity, Jilin
| | - Jingnan Sun
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin Unversity, Jilin
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17
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Mattiucci D, Maurizi G, Leoni P, Poloni A. Aging- and Senescence-associated Changes of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:754-764. [PMID: 29682980 PMCID: PMC6047275 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717745890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells reside within the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. By a well-balanced interplay between self-renewal and differentiation, they ensure a lifelong supply of mature blood cells. Physiologically, multiple different cell types contribute to the regulation of stem and progenitor cells in the BM microenvironment by cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic mechanisms. During the last decades, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been identified as one of the main cellular components of the BM microenvironment holding an indispensable role for normal hematopoiesis. During aging, MSCs diminish their functional and regenerative capacities and in some cases encounter replicative senescence, promoting inflammation and cancer progression. It is now evident that alterations in specific stromal cells that comprise the BM microenvironment can contribute to hematologic malignancies, and there is growing interest regarding the contribution of MSCs to the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs), a clonal hematological disorder, occurring mostly in the elderly, characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and increased tendency to acute myeloid leukemia evolution. The pathogenesis of MDS has been associated with specific genetic and epigenetic events occurring both in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and in the whole BM microenvironment with an aberrant cross talk between hematopoietic elements and stromal compartment. This review highlights the role of MSCs in MDS showing functional and molecular alterations such as altered cell-cycle regulation with impaired proliferative potential, dysregulated cytokine secretion, and an abnormal gene expression profile. Here, the current knowledge of impaired functional properties of both aged MSCs and MSCs in MDS have been described with a special focus on inflammation and senescence induced changes in the BM microenvironment. Furthermore, a better understanding of aberrant BM microenvironment could improve future potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Mattiucci
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica di Ematologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Maurizi
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica di Ematologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pietro Leoni
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica di Ematologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonella Poloni
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica di Ematologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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18
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Holen I, Lefley DV, Francis SE, Rennicks S, Bradbury S, Coleman RE, Ottewell P. IL-1 drives breast cancer growth and bone metastasis in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75571-75584. [PMID: 27765923 PMCID: PMC5342762 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have recently identified interleukin 1B (IL-1B) as a potential biomarker for predicting breast cancer patients at increased risk for developing bone metastasis. In mouse models, IL-1B and its receptor (IL-1R1) are upregulated in breast cancer cells that metastasise to bone compared with cells that do not. We have now investigated the functional role of IL-1 by blocking IL-1R signalling with the clinically licensed antagonist, anakinra. Methodology 6-week old female BALB/c mice received a subcutaneous or intra-venous injection of MDA-MB-231-IV or MCF7 cells. Anakinra (1mg/kg/day) or placebo was administered 3 days before (preventative) or 7 days later (treatment). Tumour volume, apoptosis (TUNEL, Caspase 3), proliferation (Ki67) and angiogenesis (CD34, VEGF and endothelin) were analysed. Effects on bone were measured by uCT, and TRAP, P1NP, IL-1B, TNF alpha and IL-6 ELISA. Results Anakinra significantly reduced growth of MDA-MB-231-IV tumours in bone from 6.50+/3.00mm2 (placebo) to 2.56+/−1.07mm2 (treatment) and 0.63+/−0.18mm2 (preventative). Anakinra also reduced the number of mice that developed bone metastasis from 90% (placebo) to 40% (treatment) and 10% (preventative). Anti-tumour effects were not confined to bone, subcutaneous tumour volumes reduced from 656.68mm3 (placebo) to 160.47mm3 (treatment) and 31.08mm3 (preventative). Anakinra did not increase tumour cell apoptosis but reduced proliferation and angiogenesis in addition to exerting significant effects on the tumour environment reducing bone turnover markers, IL-1B and TNF alpha. Conclusions Our novel data demonstrate a functional role of IL-1 signalling in breast tumour progression and metastasis, supporting that anakinra could be repurposed for the treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Holen
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Diane V Lefley
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Sheila E Francis
- Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Sarah Rennicks
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Steven Bradbury
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Robert E Coleman
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Penelope Ottewell
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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19
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Guillem V, Calabuig M, Brunet S, Esteve J, Escoda L, Gallardo D, Ribera JM, Queipo de Llano MP, Arnan M, Pedro C, Amigo ML, Martí-Tutusaus JM, García-Guiñón A, Bargay J, Sampol A, Salamero O, Font L, Talarn C, Hoyos M, Díaz-Beyá M, Garrido A, Navarro B, Nomdédeu J, Sierra J, Tormo M. Bone marrow VEGFC expression is associated with multilineage dysplasia and several prognostic markers in adult acute myeloid leukemia, but not with survival. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:2383-2393. [PMID: 29345176 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1422858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) stimulates leukemia cell proliferation and survival, and promotes angiogenesis. We studied VEGFC expression in bone marrow samples from 353 adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and its relationship with several clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular variables. We also studied the expression of 84 genes involved in VEGF signaling in 24 patients. We found that VEGFC expression was higher in AML patients with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) than in patients with non-AML-MRC. We also found an association between VEGFC expression and the patient cytogenetic risk group, with those with a worse prognosis having higher VEGFC expression levels. No correlation was observed between VEGFC expression and survival or complete remission. VEGFC expression strongly correlated with expression of the VEGF receptors FLT1, KDR, and NRP1. Thus, in this series, VEGFC expression was increased in AML-MRC and in subgroups with a poorer prognosis, but has no impact on survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Guillem
- a Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology , Hospital Clínico Universitario INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute , Valencia , Spain
| | - Marisa Calabuig
- a Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology , Hospital Clínico Universitario INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute , Valencia , Spain
| | - Salut Brunet
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau and Jose Carreras Leukemia Research Institutes, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jordi Esteve
- c Department of Hematology , Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Lourdes Escoda
- d Department of Hematology , Hospital Universitari Joan XIII , Tarragona , Spain
| | - David Gallardo
- e Department of Hematology , ICO Girona, Hospital Josep Trueta, IDIBGI Foundation , Girona , Spain
| | - Josep-Maria Ribera
- f Department of Hematology , ICO Badalona - Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona , Badalona , Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Arnan
- h Department of Hematology , ICO - Hospital Duran i Reynals , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Carme Pedro
- i Department of Hematology , Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar , Barcelona , Spain
| | - María Luz Amigo
- j Department of Hematology , Hospital Morales Meseguer , Murcia , Spain
| | | | - Antoni García-Guiñón
- l Department of Hematology , Hospital Universitari Arnau de Villanova , Lleida , Spain
| | - Joan Bargay
- m Department of Hematology , Hospital Son Llatzer , Mallorca , Spain
| | - Antonia Sampol
- n Department of Hematology , University Hospital Son Espases, Instituto IDISPA , Palma de Mallorca , Spain
| | - Olga Salamero
- o Department of Hematology , Hospital Vall d'Hebron , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Llorenç Font
- p Department of Hematology , Hospital Verge de la Cinta , Tortosa , Spain
| | - Carme Talarn
- c Department of Hematology , Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Montserrat Hoyos
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau and Jose Carreras Leukemia Research Institutes, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona , Spain
| | - Marina Díaz-Beyá
- c Department of Hematology , Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ana Garrido
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau and Jose Carreras Leukemia Research Institutes, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona , Spain
| | - Blanca Navarro
- a Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology , Hospital Clínico Universitario INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute , Valencia , Spain
| | - Josep Nomdédeu
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau and Jose Carreras Leukemia Research Institutes, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jordi Sierra
- b Department of Hematology , Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau and Jose Carreras Leukemia Research Institutes, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mar Tormo
- a Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology , Hospital Clínico Universitario INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute , Valencia , Spain
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20
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Li AJ, Calvi LM. The microenvironment in myelodysplastic syndromes: Niche-mediated disease initiation and progression. Exp Hematol 2017; 55:3-18. [PMID: 28826860 PMCID: PMC5737956 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are clonal disorders of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and represent the most common cause of acquired marrow failure. Hallmarked by ineffective hematopoiesis, dysplastic marrow, and risk of transformation to acute leukemia, MDS remains a poorly treated disease. Although identification of hematopoietic aberrations in human MDS has contributed significantly to our understanding of MDS pathogenesis, evidence now identify the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) as another key contributor to disease initiation and progression. With improved understanding of the BMME, we are beginning to refine the role of the hematopoietic niche in MDS. Despite genetic diversity in MDS, interaction between MDS and the BMME appears to be a common disease feature and therefore represents an appealing therapeutic target. Further understanding of the interdependent relationship between MDS and its niche is needed to delineate the mechanisms underlying hematopoietic failure and how the microenvironment can be targeted clinically. This review provides an overview of data from human MDS and murine models supporting a role for BMME dysfunction at several steps of disease pathogenesis. Although no models or human studies so far have combined all of these findings, we review current data identifying BMME involvement in each step of MDS pathogenesis organized to reflect the chronology of BMME contribution as the normal hematopoietic system becomes myelodysplastic and MDS progresses to marrow failure and transformation. Although microenvironmental heterogeneity and dysfunction certainly add complexity to this syndrome, data are already demonstrating that targeting microenvironmental signals may represent novel therapeutic strategies for MDS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Laura M Calvi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY.
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21
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Yang JG, Wang LL, Ma DC. Effects of vascular endothelial growth factors and their receptors on megakaryocytes and platelets and related diseases. Br J Haematol 2017; 180:321-334. [PMID: 29076133 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, VEGFRs) are expressed in different tissues, and VEGF-VEGFR loops regulate a wide range of responses, including metabolic homeostasis, cell proliferation, migration and tubuleogenesis. As ligands, VEGFs act on three structurally related VEGFRs (VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 [also termed FLT1, KDR and FLT4, respectively]) that deliver downstream signals. Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), megakaryocytic cell lines, cultured megakaryocytes (MKs), primary MKs and abnormal MKs express and secrete VEGFs. During the development from HSCs to MKs, VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 are expressed at different developmental stages, respectively, and re-expressed, e.g., VEGFR2, and play different roles in commitment, differentiation, proliferation, survival and polyplodization of HSCs/MKs via autocrine, paracrine and/or even intracrine loops. Moreover, VEGFs and their receptors are abnormally expressed in MK-related diseases, including myeloproliferative neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndromes and acute megakaryocytic leukaemia (a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukaemia), and they lead to the disordered proliferation/differentiation of bone marrow cells and angiogenesis, indicating that they are closely related to these diseases. Thus, targeting VEGF-VEGFR loops may be of potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Gang Yang
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dong-Chu Ma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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22
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List AF, Baker AF, Green S, Bellamy W. Lenalidomide: Targeted Anemia Therapy for Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Cancer Control 2017; 13 Suppl:4-11. [PMID: 17242661 DOI: 10.1177/107327480601304s02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lenalidomide, an IMiD drug (a novel type of immunomodulating drug) was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of transfusion-dependent anemia in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and interstitial deletions of chromosome 5q [del(5q)]. This review examines the clinical experience from the MDS-001 and MDS-003 clinical trials that led to this approval, the results of biological correlates supporting the targets of drug action, and the results from a non-del(5q) multicenter study (MDS-002). Lenalidomide treatment resulted in both erythroid and cytogenetic responses in the majority of patients with del(5q), accompanied by reductions in inflammatory cytokine generation and marrow microvessel density and improvement in primitive hematopoietic progenitor recovery. Central pathology review showed that resolution of cytologic dysplasia was common in patients with del(5q) but was infrequent in erythroid-responding patients without the chromosome 5 deletion. These findings indicate that lenalidomide promotes erythropoiesis in lower-risk MDS, with two apparently distinct mechanisms of action: suppression of the ineffective del(5q) clone and promotion of effective erythropoiesis in non-del(5q) MDS progenitors. These studies identified lenalidomide as a highly active erythropoietic- and cytogenetic-remitting agent in lower-risk MDS patients who otherwise would not be expected to benefit from recombinant erythropoietin therapy. The most common adverse reactions include dose-dependent neutropenia and thrombocytopenia that are more pronounced in patients with del(5q) in whom early suppression of the clone is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan F List
- Malignant Hematology Program, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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23
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Coexistence of aberrant hematopoietic and stromal elements in myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2017; 66:37-46. [PMID: 28822917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of clonal hematopoietic disorders related to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell dysfunction. Several studies have shown the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in regulating hematopoietic stem, and progenitor function and their individual abnormalities have been associated with disease pathogenesis. In this study, we simultaneously evaluated hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) and different stromal elements in a cohort of patients with MDS-refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD). Karyotyping of these patients revealed variable chromosomal abnormalities in 73.33% of patients. Long-term HSC and lineage-negative CD34+CD38- cells were reduced while among the HPCs, there was an expansion of common myeloid progenitor and loss of granulocyte-monocyte progenitors. Interestingly, loss of HSCs was accompanied by aberrant frequencies of endothelial (ECs) (CD31+CD45-CD71-) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (CD31-CD45-71-) and its subsets associated with HSC niche. We further demonstrate down-regulation of HSC maintenance genes such as Cxcl12, VEGF in mesenchymal cells and a parallel upregulation in endothelial cells. Altogether we report for the first time quantitative and qualitative de novo changes in hematopoietic stem and its associated niche in a cohort of MDS-RCMD patients. These findings further reinforce the role of different components of the bone marrow microenvironment in MDS pathogenesis and emphasize the need for comprehensive simultaneous evaluation of all niche elements in such studies.
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Palodetto B, da Silva Santos Duarte A, Rodrigues Lopes M, Adolfo Corrocher F, Roversi FM, Soares Niemann F, Priscila Vieira Ferro K, Leda Figueiredo Longhini A, Melo Campos P, Favaro P, Teresinha Olalla Saad S. SEMA3A partially reverses VEGF effects through binding to neuropilin-1. Stem Cell Res 2017. [PMID: 28636974 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) is essential for HSCs regulation and leukemogenesis. Studying bone marrow of myelodysplasia patients, a pre-leukemic condition, we found mRNA overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in CD34+ HSCs and semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) in BMSCs. To better understand the role of VEGFA and SEMA3A in leukemogenesis, we recruited 30 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients, 29 acute myeloid leukemia (6 secondary to MDS) patients and 12 controls. We found higher VEGFA expression in de novo AML patients (without prior MDS) group (p=0.0073) and higher SEMA3A expression in all BMSCs patient's samples compared to control group. We then overexpressed VEGFA in an acute myelogenous leukemia cell line, KG1 cells, and in normal CD34+ cells. This overexpression increased KG1 (p=0.045) and CD34+ cell (p=0.042) viability and KG1 (p=0.042) and CD34+ cell (p=0.047) proliferation. Moreover, KG1 and CD34+ cells overexpressing VEGFA also had increased proliferation when co-cultured with human marrow stromal HS5 cells (p=0.045 and p=0.02, respectively). However, co-culture of these transformed cells with HS5 cells overexpressing SEMA3A reduced KG1 (p=0.004) and CD34+ (p=0.009) proliferation. Co-culture of KG1 transformed cells with HS27 cells overexpressing SEMA3A reduced KG1 proliferation as well (p=0.01). To investigate whether the dominant SEMA3A effect over VEGFA could be due to competition for neuropilin1 receptor (NRP1), we performed immunoprecipitation with anti-NRP1 antibody of cell extracts of co-cultured KG1 and HS5 cells, induced or not by VEGFA and SEMA3A recombinant proteins. Results showed a preferential association of NRP1 with SEMA3A, suggesting that SEMA3A can partially reverse the effects caused by the VEGFA preventing its binding with the NRP1 receptor. Since both hematopoietic cells, leukemic and normal, showed similar behavior, we suppose that the attempt to reversion of VEGF effects by SEMA3A is a homeostatic phenomenon in the hematopoietic niche. Finally, we conclude that VEGFA overexpression confers AML cell advantages and SEMA3A may partially reverse this effect; thus, SEMA3A protein combined with VEGFA inhibitors could be beneficial for AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Palodetto
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adriana da Silva Santos Duarte
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Matheus Rodrigues Lopes
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Flavia Adolfo Corrocher
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Marconi Roversi
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Soares Niemann
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Karla Priscila Vieira Ferro
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Leda Figueiredo Longhini
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paula Melo Campos
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Patricia Favaro
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Sara Teresinha Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, Brazil.
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25
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The microenvironment in human myeloid malignancies: emerging concepts and therapeutic implications. Blood 2017; 129:1617-1626. [PMID: 28159735 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-11-696070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to their healthy counterpart, malignant hematopoietic stem cells in myeloid malignancies, such as myeloproliferative neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndromes, and acute myeloid leukemia, reside in a highly complex and dynamic cellular microenvironment in the bone marrow. This environment provides key regulatory signals for and tightly controls cardinal features of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), including self-renewal, quiescence, differentiation, and migration. These features are essential to maintaining cellular homeostasis and blood regeneration throughout life. A large number of studies have extensively addressed the composition of the bone marrow niche in mouse models, as well as the cellular and molecular communication modalities at play under both normal and pathogenic situations. Although instrumental to interrogating the complex composition of the HSC niche and dissecting the niche remodeling processes that appear to actively contribute to leukemogenesis, these models may not fully recapitulate the human system due to immunophenotypic, architectural, and functional inter-species variability. This review summarizes several aspects related to the human hematopoietic niche: (1) its anatomical structure, composition, and function in normal hematopoiesis; (2) its alteration and functional relevance in the context of chronic and acute myeloid malignancies; (3) age-related niche changes and their suspected impact on hematopoiesis; (4) ongoing efforts to develop new models to study niche-leukemic cell interaction in human myeloid malignancies; and finally, (5) how the knowledge gained into leukemic stem cell (LSC) niche dependencies might be exploited to devise novel therapeutic strategies that aim at disrupting essential niche-LSC interactions or improve the regenerative ability of the disease-associated hematopoietic niche.
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26
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Gadomska G, Stankowska K, Boinska J, Ślusarz R, Tylicka M, Michalska M, Jachalska A, Rość D. VEGF-A, sVEGFR-1, and sVEGFR-2 in BCR-ABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2017; 53:34-39. [PMID: 28237691 DOI: 10.1016/j.medici.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Data from the literature indicate the relationship between the bone marrow microvessel density and the blood parameters of angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate selected parameters of angiogenesis (VEGF-A, sVEGFR-1, and sVEGFR-2) and their correlations with white blood cells, platelets, and red blood cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 72 patients (mean age, 61.84 years) with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs): essential thrombocythemia (ET) (n=46), polycythemia vera (PV) (n=19), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) (n=7). Serum VEGF-A, sVEGFR-1, and sVEGFR-2 were determined using the ELISA assay. RESULTS We observed a significantly higher level of VEGF-A and reduced concentrations of sVEGFR-1 and sVEGFR-2 in the whole group of patients with MPNs as compared to controls. Detailed analysis confirmed significantly higher level of VEGF-A and lower concentration of sVEGFR-2 in each subgroups of MPNs patients. However, sVEGFR-1 concentrations were significantly lower only in PV and ET patients. CONCLUSIONS The study showed an increased level of VEGF-A, which may indicate the intensity of neoangiogenesis in the bone marrow. Decreased sVEGFR-1 and sVEGFR-2 in the blood of patients with MPNs may reflect consumption of these soluble receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Gadomska
- Department of Hematology and Malignant Diseases of Hematopoietic System, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stankowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Boinska
- Department of Neurological and Neurosurgical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Ślusarz
- Department of Neurological and Neurosurgical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marzena Tylicka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Michalska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Jachalska
- Department of Hematology and Malignant Diseases of Hematopoietic System, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Danuta Rość
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
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27
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Lopes MR, Pereira JKN, de Melo Campos P, Machado-Neto JA, Traina F, Saad STO, Favaro P. De novo AML exhibits greater microenvironment dysregulation compared to AML with myelodysplasia-related changes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40707. [PMID: 28084439 PMCID: PMC5234038 DOI: 10.1038/srep40707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the bone marrow microenvironment and malignant hematopoietic cells can result in the protection of leukemia cells from chemotherapy in both myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We, herein, characterized the changes in cytokine expression and the function of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in patients with MDS, AML with myelodysplasia-related changes (MRC), a well-recognized clinical subtype of secondary AML, and de novo AML. We observed a significant inhibitory effect of MDS-MSC on T lymphocyte proliferation and no significant differences in any of the cytokines tested. AML-MSC inhibited T-cell proliferation only at a very low MSC/T cell ratio. When compared to the control, AML-MRCderived MSC presented a significant increase in IL6 expression, whereas de novo AML MSC presented a significant increase in the expression levels of VEGFA, CXCL12, RPGE2, IDO, IL1β, IL6 and IL32, followed by a decrease in IL10 expression. Furthermore, data indicate that IL-32 regulates stromal cell proliferation, has a chemotactic potential and participates in stromal cell crosstalk with leukemia cells, which could result in chemoresistance. Our results suggest that the differences between AML-MRC and de novo AML also extend into the leukemic stem cell niche and that IL-32 can participate in the regulation of the bone marrow cytokine milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Rodrigues Lopes
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Kleber Novais Pereira
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula de Melo Campos
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara T Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Favaro
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Newell LF, Holtan SG. Placental growth factor: What hematologists need to know. Blood Rev 2017; 31:57-62. [PMID: 27608972 PMCID: PMC5916812 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although first identified in placenta, the angiogenic factor known as placental growth factor (PlGF) can be widely expressed in ischemic or damaged tissues. Recent studies have indicated that PlGF is a relevant factor in the pathobiology of blood diseases including hemoglobinopathies and hematologic malignancies. Therapies for such blood diseases may one day be based upon these and ongoing investigations into the role of PlGF in sickle cell disease, acute and chronic leukemias, and complications related to hematopoietic cell transplantation. In this review, we summarize recent studies regarding the potential role of PlGF in blood disorders and suggest avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Newell
- Oregon Health and Science University, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Shernan G Holtan
- University of Minnesota, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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29
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Invernizzi R, Travaglino E, Della Porta MG, Malcovati L, Gallì A, Bastia R, Ciola M, Ambaglio I, Boveri E, Rosti V, Cazzola M. Vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression in myelodysplastic syndrome bone marrow cells: biological and clinical implications. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:1711-1720. [PMID: 27897450 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1262030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may have regulatory effects on the hematopoietic system and contribute to disease progression. We analyzed by immunocytochemistry VEGF expression in bone marrow (BM) cells from 188 patients with MDS and 96 non-hemopathic subjects. We also measured VEGF BM plasma levels and in vitro VEGF release. Our aims were to evaluate whether VEGF expression abnormalities were associated with relevant laboratory or clinical findings and their possible prognostic value. In MDS, VEGF expression was higher than in controls (p < .0001) and VEGF release was significantly higher in the low-risk cases. A trend to a positive correlation between VEGF myeloid expression and apoptotic rate was observed. High myeloid VEGF levels were independently associated with longer overall survival (p < .0001) and progression-free survival (p = .0002). Our findings suggest that, in MDS, VEGF production and release may contribute to ineffective hematopoiesis, with a potential prognostic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Invernizzi
- a Department of Internal Medicine , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Erica Travaglino
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Matteo Giovanni Della Porta
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Luca Malcovati
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Anna Gallì
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Raffaella Bastia
- a Department of Internal Medicine , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Mariella Ciola
- a Department of Internal Medicine , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Ilaria Ambaglio
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Emanuela Boveri
- c Department of Human Pathology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Vittorio Rosti
- d Biotechnology Research Area , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
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30
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Profiling of microRNAs in AML cells following overexpression or silencing of the VEGF gene. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:105-110. [PMID: 28123529 PMCID: PMC5245128 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease of the hematopoietic progenitor cells associated with heterogeneous clonal proliferation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors play important roles in the regulation of angiogenesis during physiological and pathological processes. It is thought that AML cells have an autocrine VEGF pathway that contributes to the development and progression of AML. In addition, growing evidence has suggested that numerous microRNAs are involved in AML. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between VEGF dysregulation and microRNA profiles in AML cells and patients. VEGF-overexpressing and VEGF-knockdown leukemia cells were constructed and changes in the patterns of microRNA expression were analyzed using a microRNA array. Subsequently, mononuclear cells from the blood of patients with AML showing high or low expression levels of VEGF were obtained and were used to assess the patterns of microRNA expression by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results of the present study suggested that downregulation of VEGF markedly altered the profile of microRNAs in AML cells, while upregulation of VEGF did not. Examination of clinical samples from patients with AML showed that several microRNAs were closely associated with the expression level of VEGF, including miR-20a, miR-93, miR-16-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-124-5p and miR-17-3p. These results suggested that VEGF may be a pivotal protein that can both receive and initiate signals in leukemia cells.
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31
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Wermke M, Schuster C, Nolte F, Al-Ali HK, Kiewe P, Schönefeldt C, Jakob C, von Bonin M, Hentschel L, Klut IM, Ehninger G, Bornhäuser M, Baretton G, Germing U, Herbst R, Haase D, Hofmann WK, Platzbecker U. Mammalian-target of rapamycin inhibition with temsirolimus in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients is associated with considerable toxicity: results of the temsirolimus pilot trial by the German MDS Study Group (D-MDS). Br J Haematol 2016; 175:917-924. [PMID: 27714772 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian-target of rapamycin (also termed mechanistic target of rapamycin, mTOR) pathway integrates various pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic stimuli and is involved in regulatory T-cell (TREG) development. As these processes contribute to the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), we hypothesized that mTOR modulation with temsirolimus (TEM) might show activity in MDS. This prospective multicentre trial enrolled lower and higher risk MDS patients, provided that they were transfusion-dependent/neutropenic or relapsed/refractory to 5-azacitidine, respectively. All patients received TEM at a weekly dose of 25 mg. Of the 9 lower- and 11 higher-risk patients included, only 4 (20%) reached the response assessment after 4 months of treatment and showed stable disease without haematological improvement. The remaining patients discontinued TEM prematurely due to adverse events. Median overall survival (OS) was not reached in the lower-risk group and 296 days in the higher-risk group. We observed a significant decline of bone marrow (BM) vascularisation (P = 0·006) but were unable to demonstrate a significant impact of TEM on the balance between TREG and pro-inflammatory T-helper-cell subsets within the peripheral blood or BM. We conclude that mTOR-modulation with TEM at a dose of 25 mg per week is accompanied by considerable toxicity and has no beneficial effects in elderly MDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wermke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.,Early Clinical Trial Unit, University Cancer Centre, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Schuster
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Nolte
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany.,Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Kiewe
- Department of Oncology, MVZ Oskar-Helene-Heim, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Schönefeldt
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christiane Jakob
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Malte von Bonin
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leopold Hentschel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ina-Maria Klut
- Clinical Pharmacy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerhard Ehninger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gustavo Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Germing
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Regina Herbst
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Hospital Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Detelef Haase
- Clinics of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolf K Hofmann
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.,Early Clinical Trial Unit, University Cancer Centre, Dresden, Germany
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Kirschbaum MH, Frankel P, Synold TW, Zain J, Claxton D, Tuscano J, Newman EM, Gandara DR, Lara PN. A phase II study of vascular endothelial growth factor trap (Aflibercept, NSC 724770) in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome: a California Cancer Consortium Study. Br J Haematol 2016; 180:445-448. [PMID: 27650362 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Kirschbaum
- Department of Hematology/HCT, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Paul Frankel
- Division of Biostatistics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Timothy W Synold
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine Zain
- Department of Hematology/HCT, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - David Claxton
- Department of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Tuscano
- Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Edward M Newman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - David R Gandara
- Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Primo N Lara
- Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, CA, USA
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Kim CK, Han DH, Ji YS, Lee MS, Min CW, Park SK, Kim SH, Yun J, Kim HJ, Kim KH, Lee KT, Won JH, Hong DS, Kim HK. Biomarkers of angiogenesis as prognostic factors in myelodysplastic syndrome patients treated with hypomethylating agents. Leuk Res 2016; 50:21-28. [PMID: 27639703 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis occurs in response to tissue ischemia and wound healing, and contributes to the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, such as benign and malignant neoplasia. Several studies have measured bone marrow microvessel density (MVD) in MDS patients and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients transformed from MDS, and MVD was higher in MDS patients than controls, but was lower than in AML patients. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is expressed in bone marrow blast cells, and an autocrine VEGF signaling mechanism has been established in MDS. Increased bone marrow angiogenesis and VEGF concentrations are adverse prognostic features in all of these patients. In this study, 69 patients were treated in two groups: hypomethylating agents or supportive care with oxymetholone±pyridoxine. We evaluated the MVD and VEGF expression of paraffin-embedded bone marrow samples from patients. We also investigated the relationship between angiogenesis-related biomarkers including MVD, VEGF expression, and clinical factors. The patient median age was 65 years, and the median follow-up duration was 28 months. MVD assessment among subtypes of WHO MDS classification showed that the MVD of RCUD was significantly lower than in other types (p=0.02). However, there was no significant difference in VEGF expression according to the subtype of MDS. Although MVD and VEGF expression did not differ between risk groups based on the IPSS, the low risk group tended to have lower expression of angiogenesis-related biomarkers. MDS patients receiving hypomethylating agents had significantly lower MVD expression in responders than in non-responders (6.13±3.38 vs. 9.89±2.10, respectively, p=0.039). In a consecutive evaluation at the time of diagnosis and 3 months after the initial treatment, the group with a decrease or no change of MVD had a higher response rate compared to that in the group with an increase of MVD (92.9% vs. 58.8%, respectively, p=0.045). Adverse prognostic factors included older age, MDS type other than RCUD, a higher IPSS risk group, and abnormal cytogenetics. Although angiogenesis-related markers did not demonstrate any significant prognostic association with survival, MVD (≥10n/mm2) and a strong expression of VEGF seemed to be associated with lower survival rate. These data suggested that the MVD value might be helpful in predicting responsiveness to treatment, especially in MDS patients treated with hypomethylating agents. Although angiogenesis-related markers including VEGF did not demonstrate a significant association with survival outcomes, we observed that high MVD and strong VEGF expression seemed to be associated with lower survival rate. Therefore, biologic markers related to angiogenesis might have a potential as prognostic factors for MDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Kyu Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Han
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea
| | - Young Seok Ji
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea
| | - Min Sung Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea
| | - Chang Wook Min
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Park
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea.
| | - Se Hyung Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea
| | - Jina Yun
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jeung Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Ha Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, 59 Daesagwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04401, South Korea
| | - Kyu Taek Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 23-20 Byeongmyeong-dong, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31151, South Korea
| | - Jong Ho Won
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, 59 Daesagwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04401, South Korea
| | - Dae Sik Hong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, South Korea
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Bonsi L, Pierdomenico L, Biscardi M, Marchionni C, Gavazzi S, Fossati V, Ghinassi B, Alviano F, Rondelli D, Franchina M, Bagnara GP, Grossi A. Constitutive and Stimulated Production of Vegf by Human Megakaryoblastic Cell Lines: Effect on Proliferation and Signaling Pathway. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 18:445-55. [PMID: 16164827 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other candidate angiogenic factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor β, may play a role in sustaining neoplastic cell proliferation and tumor growth. We evaluated VEGF expression and synthesis in the two erythro-megakaryocytic cell lines B1647, HEL and one megakaryocyte cell line MO7 expressing erythroid markers. In this study RT-PCR was performed to evaluate VEGF expression and that of its receptor KDR; VEGF production was assayed by Elisa test and western blot analysis; sensitivity to VEGF was tested by thymidine incorporation. VEGF and its receptor KDR were expressed in B1647 and HEL, both as mRNAs and as proteins, while only KDR transcript was found in MO7 cells. Only B1647 and HEL cells showed a strong spontaneous proliferating activity. In fact, measurable amounts of VEGF were present in the unstimulated cell medium, thus suggesting an autocrine production of VEGF by B1647 and HEL cells, but not by MO7, which was inhibited in mRNA-silencing conditions. This production could not be further boosted by other growth factors, whereas it was inhibited by TGF-β1. Finally, analysis of She signal transduction proteins following stimulation with VEGF indicated that only p46 was tyrosine phosphorylated. These data indicate that leukemic cells may be capable of autocrine production of VEGF which, in turn, maintains cell proliferation, possibly mediated by She p46 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bonsi
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Italy.
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35
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Aran D, Abu-Remaileh M, Levy R, Meron N, Toperoff G, Edrei Y, Bergman Y, Hellman A. Embryonic Stem Cell (ES)-Specific Enhancers Specify the Expression Potential of ES Genes in Cancer. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005840. [PMID: 26886256 PMCID: PMC4757527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers often display gene expression profiles resembling those of undifferentiated cells. The mechanisms controlling these expression programs have yet to be identified. Exploring transcriptional enhancers throughout hematopoietic cell development and derived cancers, we uncovered a novel class of regulatory epigenetic mutations. These epimutations are particularly enriched in a group of enhancers, designated ES-specific enhancers (ESSEs) of the hematopoietic cell lineage. We found that hematopoietic ESSEs are prone to DNA methylation changes, indicative of their chromatin activity states. Strikingly, ESSE methylation is associated with gene transcriptional activity in cancer. Methylated ESSEs are hypermethylated in cancer relative to normal somatic cells and co-localized with silenced genes, whereas unmethylated ESSEs tend to be hypomethylated in cancer and associated with reactivated genes. Constitutive or hematopoietic stem cell-specific enhancers do not show these trends, suggesting selective reactivation of ESSEs in cancer. Further analyses of a hypomethylated ESSE downstream to the VEGFA gene revealed a novel regulatory circuit affecting VEGFA transcript levels across cancers and patients. We suggest that the discovered enhancer sites provide a framework for reactivation of ES genes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dvir Aran
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Revital Levy
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nurit Meron
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gidon Toperoff
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yifat Edrei
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yehudit Bergman
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail: (YB); (AH)
| | - Asaf Hellman
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail: (YB); (AH)
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36
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Zhang L, Song K, Zhou L, Xie Z, Zhou P, Zhao Y, Han Y, Xu X, Li P. Heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase-3B1 (HS3ST3B1) promotes angiogenesis and proliferation by induction of VEGF in acute myeloid leukemia cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1101-12. [PMID: 25536282 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) are complex polysaccharides that reside on the plasma membrane of almost all mammalian cells, and play an important role in physiological and pathological conditions. Heparan sulfate D-glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase 3B1 (HS3ST3B1) participates in the last biosynthetic steps of HS and transfers sulfate to the 3-O-position of glucosamine residues to yield mature sugar chains. To date very few biological processes or proteins have been described that are modulated by HS3ST3B1. In this study, we observed that HS3ST3B1 positively contributed to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression in vitro and in vivo, and these activities were associated with an induction of the proangiogenic factor VEGF expression and shedding. Moreover, the effects of HS3ST3B1 on VEGF release can be attenuated after treatment of heparanase inhibitor suramin, which prevented VEGF secretion and subsequently blocked VEGF-induced activation of ERK and AKT, suggesting that 3-O-sulfation of HS by HS3ST3B1 facilitated VEGF shedding; the effects of HS3ST3B1 on activation of ERK and AKT can also be blocked by VEGFR inhibitor axitinib, suggestive of a relationship between 3-O-sulfation of HS and VEGF-activated signaling pathways. Taken together, our findings support that VEGF is an important functional target of HS3ST3B1 and provide a new mechanism of HS3ST3B1 in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Targeting of the bone marrow microenvironment improves outcome in a murine model of myelodysplastic syndrome. Blood 2015; 127:616-25. [PMID: 26637787 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-06-653113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro evidence suggests that the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) is altered in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). Here, we study the BMME in MDS in vivo using a transgenic murine model of MDS with hematopoietic expression of the translocation product NUP98-HOXD13 (NHD13). This model exhibits a prolonged period of cytopenias prior to transformation to leukemia and is therefore ideal to interrogate the role of the BMME in MDS. In this model, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) were decreased in NHD13 mice by flow cytometric analysis. The reduction in the total phenotypic HSPC pool in NHD13 mice was confirmed functionally with transplantation assays. Marrow microenvironmental cellular components of the NHD13 BMME were found to be abnormal, including increases in endothelial cells and in dysfunctional mesenchymal and osteoblastic populations, whereas megakaryocytes were decreased. Both CC chemokine ligand 3 and vascular endothelial growth factor, previously shown to be increased in human MDS, were increased in NHD13 mice. To assess whether the BMME contributes to disease progression in NHD13 mice, we performed transplantation of NHD13 marrow into NHD13 mice or their wild-type (WT) littermates. WT recipients as compared with NHD13 recipients of NHD13 marrow had a lower rate of the combined outcome of progression to leukemia and death. Moreover, hematopoietic function was superior in a WT BMME as compared with an NHD13 BMME. Our data therefore demonstrate a contributory role of the BMME to disease progression in MDS and support a therapeutic strategy whereby manipulation of the MDS microenvironment may improve hematopoietic function and overall survival.
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Reassessment of H&E stained clot specimens and immunohistochemistry of phosphorylated Stat5 for histological diagnosis of MDS/MPN. Pathology 2015; 47:673-7. [DOI: 10.1097/pat.0000000000000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Bone marrow niche in the myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res 2015; 39:1020-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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40
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Tang Y, Jeon BT, Wang Y, Choi EJ, Kim YS, Hwang JW, Park PJ, Moon SH, Kim EK. First Evidence that Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Velvet Antler Extract Suppresses Migration of Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2015; 35:507-14. [PMID: 26761873 PMCID: PMC4662134 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2015.35.4.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Deer velvet antler (DVA) is one of the most popular medicines in China. Numerous studies have demonstrated that velvet antler possess biological effects. However, data regarding its anti-migration activity on prostate cancer is scarce. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of top DVA (T-DVA) on the expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and migration-related genes in the human prostate cancer cell, LNCaP. The T-DVA down-regulated the expression of PSA. In addition, the Radius(TM) assay revealed that T-DVA inhibited the migration behavior of prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was also decreased with T-DVA. On the contrary, T-DVA increased the tissue inhibition of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and (TIMP)-2. Taken together, our findings indicate that the T-DVA possesses anti-migration activity on prostate cancer cells. This is the first study of DVA to report the anti-migration activity on prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuJiao Tang
- Division of Food Bio Science, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea ; Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea; Jilin Sino-Rok Institute of Animal Science, Changchun 130-600, China
| | - Byong-Tae Jeon
- Division of Food Bio Science, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea ; Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Yanmei Wang
- Jilin Sino-Rok Institute of Animal Science, Changchun 130-600, China
| | - Eun-Ju Choi
- Division of Sport Science, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Yon-Suk Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Pyo-Jam Park
- Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea; Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Sang Ho Moon
- Division of Food Bio Science, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea ; Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Division of Food Bio Science, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea ; Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
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Benton CB, Nazha A, Pemmaraju N, Garcia-Manero G. Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: Forefront of the field in 2015. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 95:222-42. [PMID: 25869097 PMCID: PMC4859155 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) includes components of both myelodysplastic syndrome and myeloproliferative neoplasms and is associated with a characteristic peripheral monocytosis. CMML is caused by the proliferation of an abnormal hematopoietic stem cell clone and may be influenced by microenvironmental changes. The disease is rare and has undergone revisions in its classification. We review the recent classification strategies as well as diagnostic criteria, focusing on CMML's genetic alterations and unique pathophysiology. We also discuss the latest molecular characterization of the disease, including how molecular factors affect current prognostic models. Finally, we focus on available treatment strategies, with a special emphasis on experimental and forthcoming therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Benton
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aziz Nazha
- Leukemia Program, Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guillermo Garcia-Manero
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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42
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Qu L, Liu B. Cyclooxygeanse-2 promotes metastasis in osteosarcoma. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:69. [PMID: 26180515 PMCID: PMC4502918 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inducible form of the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of prostanoids, is associated with carcinogenesis, which is suspected to promote angiogenesis and tissue invasion of tumors and resistance to apoptosis. COX-2 is also involved in metastasis and poor prognosis of cancer. Osteosarcoma with COX-2 positivity is from 67 to 92 %. COX-2-positive rate in metastatic lesions was greater than that of biopsy and/or resected samples of the primary site in osteosarcoma. And, what role does COX-2 play in osteosarcoma metastasis? Genetic studies support a cause-effect connection between COX-2 and tumorigenesis. COX-2 expression had a poor prognosis with regard to metastasis, and patients with increased COX-2 expression in lung metastases died of the disease. COX-2 expression has also been established as a marker in human osteosarcoma, and COX-2 inhibition has been suggested as a possible way of improving therapeutic outcome. In addition, COX-inhibitors inhibit the tumor initiation, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cell differentiation and T cell proliferation and suppression of the antitumor activity of natural killer cells and macrophages, angiogenic mechanism. Therefore, we can exert the COX-inhibitors to potentialize the effects of chemotherapeutic agents, and reverse the metastasis in osteosarcoma to facilitate the patient who may benefit from addition of COX-inhibitors to standard cytotoxic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Qu
- Clinical Laboratory Centre, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang People's Republic of China ; Clinical Laboratory Centre, Binjiang Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
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Balderman SR, Calvi LM. Biology of BM failure syndromes: role of microenvironment and niches. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2014; 2014:71-76. [PMID: 25696837 PMCID: PMC4419374 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2014.1.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The BM microenvironment and its components regulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSC) fate. An abnormality in the BM microenvironment and specific dysfunction of the HSC niche could play a critical role in initiation, disease progression, and response to therapy of BM failure syndromes. Therefore, the identification of changes in the HSC niche in BM failure syndromes should lead to further knowledge of the signals that disrupt the normal microenvironment. In turn, niche disruption may contribute to disease morbidity, resulting in pancytopenia and clonal evolution, and its understanding could suggest new therapeutic targets for these conditions. In this chapter, we briefly review the evidence for the importance of the BM microenvironment as a regulator of normal hematopoiesis, summarize current knowledge regarding the role of dysfunctions in the BM microenvironment in BM failure syndromes, and propose a strategy through which niche stimulation can complement current treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia R. Balderman
- Instructor of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine
| | - Laura M. Calvi
- Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology and Physiology, Neurologic Surgery, Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 693, Rochester, NY 14642, (585) 275-5011
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Buckstein R, Kerbel R, Cheung M, Shaked Y, Chodirker L, Lee CR, Lenis M, Davidson C, Cussen MA, Reis M, Chesney A, Zhang L, Mamedov A, Wells RA. Lenalidomide and metronomic melphalan for CMML and higher risk MDS: A phase 2 clinical study with biomarkers of angiogenesis. Leuk Res 2014; 38:756-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Interferon decreases VEGF levels in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with imatinib. Leuk Res 2014; 38:662-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fei C, Zhao Y, Gu S, Guo J, Zhang X, Li X, Chang C. Impaired osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow of patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:4307-16. [PMID: 24443267 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has not been completely understood, and insufficiency of the hematopoietic microenvironment can be an important factor. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoblasts are key components of the hematopoietic microenvironment. Here, we measured the expression of multiple osteogenic genes in 58 MSCs from MDS patients with different disease stages and subtypes by real-time PCR and compared the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs from 20 MDS patients with those of MSCs from eight normal controls quantitatively and dynamically. The mRNA level of Osterix and RUNX2, two key factors involved in the early differentiation process toward osteoblasts, was significantly reduced in undifferentiated MSCs from lower-risk MDS. After osteogenic induction, lower-risk MDS showed lower alkaline phosphatase activity, less intense alizarin red S staining, and lower gene expression of osteogenic differentiation markers; however, higher-risk MDS was normal. Finally, in bone marrow biopsy, the number of osteoblasts was significantly decreased in lower-risk MDS. These results indicate that MSCs from lower-risk MDS have impaired osteogenic differentiation functions, suggesting their insufficient stromal support in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Fei
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No.600, Yi Shan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China
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Yee KWL, Storring JM, Buckstein R, Wells RA, Xenocostas A, Kovacs MJ, Howson-Jan K, Wang ES, Battista K, Wang L, Oza AM, Ivy SP, Schuh AC. Sunitinib malate in patients with intermediate-2 or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:2669-71. [PMID: 24611649 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.900763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen W L Yee
- Princess Margaret Phase II Consortium , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
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Chen X, Eksioglu EA, Zhou J, Zhang L, Djeu J, Fortenbery N, Epling-Burnette P, Van Bijnen S, Dolstra H, Cannon J, Youn JI, Donatelli SS, Qin D, De Witte T, Tao J, Wang H, Cheng P, Gabrilovich DI, List A, Wei S. Induction of myelodysplasia by myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Clin Invest 2014; 123:4595-611. [PMID: 24216507 DOI: 10.1172/jci67580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are age-dependent stem cell malignancies that share biological features of activated adaptive immune response and ineffective hematopoiesis. Here we report that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), which are classically linked to immunosuppression, inflammation, and cancer, were markedly expanded in the bone marrow of MDS patients and played a pathogenetic role in the development of ineffective hematopoiesis. These clonally distinct MDSC overproduce hematopoietic suppressive cytokines and function as potent apoptotic effectors targeting autologous hematopoietic progenitors. Using multiple transfected cell models, we found that MDSC expansion is driven by the interaction of the proinflammatory molecule S100A9 with CD33. These 2 proteins formed a functional ligand/receptor pair that recruited components to CD33’s immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM), inducing secretion of the suppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β by immature myeloid cells. S100A9 transgenic mice displayed bone marrow accumulation of MDSC accompanied by development of progressive multilineage cytopenias and cytological dysplasia. Importantly, early forced maturation of MDSC by either all-trans-retinoic acid treatment or active immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif–bearing (ITAM-bearing) adapter protein (DAP12) interruption of CD33 signaling rescued the hematologic phenotype. These findings indicate that primary bone marrow expansion of MDSC driven by the S100A9/CD33 pathway perturbs hematopoiesis and contributes to the development of MDS.
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Wang L, Zhang WJ, Xiu B, Ding Y, Li P, Ye WD, Zhu Q, Liang AB. Nanocomposite-siRNA approach for down-regulation of VEGF and its receptor in myeloid leukemia cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 63:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yu Y, Wu Z, Zhang J, Zhai Y, Yuan Y, Liu S, Wang H, Shi J. Clustered precursors in bone marrow sections predict early relapse in patients with acute myeloid leukemia within hematologic remission. J Transl Med 2014; 12:18. [PMID: 24447607 PMCID: PMC3901753 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow (BM) aspiration is largely used for relapse assessment in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It remains unclear what roles that BM trephine biopsy plays on relapse assessment. METHODS Bone marrow (BM) sections during complete remission (CR) from 60 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients were retrospectively analyzed. Computer image processing technology was performed for detection of the distance between precursors and endosteum, and density of precursors was also calculated under light microscopic image. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify the immunophenotype of clustered precursors. RESULTS Except for single and double precursors, there existed clustered precursors of 3-5 cells during CR. Here, we demonstrated that clustered precursors, but not single and double precursors, were useful in risk factor of relapse. Area under the receiving operator curve (ROC) was of 0.007 (CI 95%, from 0.572 to 0.851). Using a standard cut-off value of >4.0/mm² for cluster density, early relapse was detected with a sensitivity of 51.5% and a specificity of 85.7%.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that clustered precursor is an independent risk factor for early relapse (Adjusted HR: 0.325, 95% CI: 0.156-0.679, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Cumulatively, clustered precursors in BM sections during CR may serve as an independent risk factor of early relapse and poor outcome for AML patients in cluster density > 4.0/mm² in sections. Early aggressive interventions are needed to prevent hematologic relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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