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Tan L, Bansal G, Yeung CC, Yin J, Dave BJ, Konnick E, Wu D, Naresh KN. Leukemic non-nodal cyclin D1- and SOX11-negative mantle cell lymphoma with CCND3::IGH rearrangement. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:667-669. [PMID: 37882866 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Tan
- Department of Pathology, Overlake Medical Center, Bellevue, WA, USA
| | - Goldy Bansal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fred Hutch Cancer Center at Overlake Cancer Center, Bellevue, WA, USA
| | - Cecilia Cs Yeung
- Section of Pathology, Translational Science & Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jane Yin
- Department of Pathology, Overlake Medical Center, Bellevue, WA, USA
| | - Bhavana J Dave
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Human Genetics Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Eric Konnick
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kikkeri N Naresh
- Section of Pathology, Translational Science & Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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2
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Lefebvre C, Veronese L, Nadal N, Gaillard JB, Penther D, Daudignon A, Chauzeix J, Nguyen-Khac F, Chapiro E. Cytogenetics in the management of mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas: Guidelines from the Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hematologique (GFCH). Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103425. [PMID: 38016420 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) consist of a wide range of clinically, phenotypically and genetically distinct neoplasms. The accurate diagnosis of mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma relies on a multidisciplinary approach that integrates morphological, phenotypical and genetic characteristics together with clinical features. Cytogenetic analyses remain an essential part of the diagnostic workup for mature B-cell lymphomas. Karyotyping is particularly useful to identify hallmark translocations, typical cytogenetic signatures as well as complex karyotypes, all bringing valuable diagnostic and/or prognostic information. Besides the well-known recurrent chromosomal abnormalities such as, for example, t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH::BCL2 in follicular lymphoma, recent evidences support a prognostic significance of complex karyotype in mantle cell lymphoma and Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization is also a key analysis playing a central role in disease identification, especially in genetically-defined entities, but also in predicting transformation risk or prognostication. This can be exemplified by the pivotal role of MYC, BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements in the diagnostic of aggressive or large B-cell lymphomas. This work relies on the World Health Organization and the International Consensus Classification of hematolymphoid tumors together with the recent cytogenetic advances. Here, we review the various chromosomal abnormalities that delineate well-established mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma entities as well as newly recognized genetic subtypes and provide cytogenetic guidelines for the diagnostic management of mature B-cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lefebvre
- Unité de Génétique des Hémopathies, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
| | - L Veronese
- Service de Cytogénétique Médicale, CHU Estaing, 1 place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand; EA7453 CHELTER, Université Clermont Auvergne, France
| | - N Nadal
- Service de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - J-B Gaillard
- Unité de Génétique Chromosomique, Service de Génétique moléculaire et cytogénomique, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - D Penther
- Laboratoire de Génétique Oncologique, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France
| | - A Daudignon
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale - Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre - CHRU de Lille, France
| | - J Chauzeix
- Service d'Hématologie biologique CHU de Limoges - CRIBL, UMR CNRS 7276/INSERM 1262, Limoges, France
| | - F Nguyen-Khac
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS_1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - E Chapiro
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS_1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, F-75013 Paris, France
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3
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Giguère A, Raymond-Bouchard I, Collin V, Claveau JS, Hébert J, LeBlanc R. Optical Genome Mapping Reveals the Complex Genetic Landscape of Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4687. [PMID: 37835381 PMCID: PMC10571866 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on enriched CD138 plasma cells is the standard method for identification of clinically relevant genetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma. However, FISH is a targeted analysis that can be challenging due to the genetic complexity of myeloma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of optical genome mapping (OGM) to detect clinically significant cytogenetic abnormalities in myeloma and to provide larger pangenomic information. OGM and FISH analyses were performed on CD138-purified cells of 20 myeloma patients. OGM successfully detected structural variants (SVs) (IGH and MYC rearrangements), copy number variants (CNVs) (17p/TP53 deletion, 1p deletion and 1q gain/amplification) and aneuploidy (gains of odd-numbered chromosomes, monosomy 13) classically expected with myeloma and led to a 30% increase in prognosis yield at our institution when compared to FISH. Despite challenges in the interpretation of OGM calls for CNV and aneuploidy losses in non-diploid genomes, OGM has the potential to replace FISH as the standard of care analysis in clinical settings and to efficiently change how we identify prognostic and predictive markers for therapies in the future. To our knowledge, this is the first study highlighting the feasibility and clinical utility of OGM in myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Giguère
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; (I.R.-B.); (V.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Isabelle Raymond-Bouchard
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; (I.R.-B.); (V.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Vanessa Collin
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; (I.R.-B.); (V.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Claveau
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; (J.-S.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Josée Hébert
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; (I.R.-B.); (V.C.); (J.H.)
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; (J.-S.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Richard LeBlanc
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; (J.-S.C.); (R.L.)
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Afkhami M, Ally F, Pullarkat V, Pillai RK. Genetics and Diagnostic Approach to Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma. Cancer Treat Res 2021; 181:17-43. [PMID: 34626353 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78311-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the genetics and biology of lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL) has advanced rapidly in the past decade with advances in sequencing and other molecular techniques. Besides recurrent chromosomal abnormalities detected by karyotyping or fluorescence in situ hybridization, these leukemias/lymphomas are characterized by a variety of mutations, gene rearrangements as well as copy number alterations. This is particularly true in the case of Philadelphia-like (Ph-like) ALL, a major subset which has the same gene expression signature as Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL but lacks BCR-ABL1 translocation. Ph-like ALL is associated with a worse prognosis and hence its detection is critical. However, techniques to detect this entity are complex and are not widely available. This chapter discusses various subsets of ALL and describes our approach to the accurate classification and prognostication of these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Afkhami
- City of Hope Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Feras Ally
- City of Hope Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Vinod Pullarkat
- City of Hope Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Raju K Pillai
- City of Hope Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
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Lee B, Lee H, Cho J, Yoon SE, Kim SJ, Park WY, Kim WS, Ko YH. Mutational Profile and Clonal Evolution of Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:628807. [PMID: 33777778 PMCID: PMC7992425 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.628807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary refractory/relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (rrDLBCL) is an unresolved issue for DLBCL treatment and new treatments to overcome resistance is required. To explore the genetic mechanisms underlying treatment resistance in rrDLBCL and to identify candidate genes, we performed targeted deep sequencing of 430 lymphoma-related genes from 58 patients diagnosed with rrDLBCL. Genetic alterations found between the initial biopsy and biopsy at recurrence or refractory disease were investigated. The genes most frequently altered (> 20%) were (in decreasing order of frequency) CDKN2A, PIM1, CD79B, TP53, MYD88, MYC, BTG2, BTG1, CDKN2B, DTX1, CD58, ETV6, and IRF4. Genes mutation of which in pretreatment sample were associated with poor overall survival included NOTCH1, FGFR2, BCL7A, BCL10, SPEN and TP53 (P < 0.05). FGFR2, BCL2, BCL6, BCL10, and TP53 were associated with poor progression-free survival (P < 0.05). Most mutations were truncal and were maintained in both the initial biopsy and post-treatment biopsy with high dynamics of subclones. Immune-evasion genes showed increased overall mutation frequency (CD58, B2M) and variant allele fraction (CD58), and decreased copy number (B2M, CD70) at the post-treatment biopsy. Using the established mutational profiles and integrative analysis of mutational evolution, we identified information about candidate genes that may be useful for the development of future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Lee
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Lee
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junhun Cho
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Eun Yoon
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Jin Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Won Seog Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hyeh Ko
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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6
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Pae J, Ersching J, Castro TBR, Schips M, Mesin L, Allon SJ, Ordovas-Montanes J, Mlynarczyk C, Melnick A, Efeyan A, Shalek AK, Meyer-Hermann M, Victora GD. Cyclin D3 drives inertial cell cycling in dark zone germinal center B cells. J Exp Med 2020; 218:211603. [PMID: 33332554 PMCID: PMC7754672 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During affinity maturation, germinal center (GC) B cells alternate between proliferation and somatic hypermutation in the dark zone (DZ) and affinity-dependent selection in the light zone (LZ). This anatomical segregation imposes that the vigorous proliferation that allows clonal expansion of positively selected GC B cells takes place ostensibly in the absence of the signals that triggered selection in the LZ, as if by “inertia.” We find that such inertial cycles specifically require the cell cycle regulator cyclin D3. Cyclin D3 dose-dependently controls the extent to which B cells proliferate in the DZ and is essential for effective clonal expansion of GC B cells in response to strong T follicular helper (Tfh) cell help. Introduction into the Ccnd3 gene of a Burkitt lymphoma–associated gain-of-function mutation (T283A) leads to larger GCs with increased DZ proliferation and, in older mice, clonal B cell lymphoproliferation, suggesting that the DZ inertial cell cycle program can be coopted by B cells undergoing malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Pae
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Jonatan Ersching
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Tiago B R Castro
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Marta Schips
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Luka Mesin
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Samuel J Allon
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Department of Chemistry, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Program in Immunology Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Coraline Mlynarczyk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ari Melnick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Alejo Efeyan
- Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Department of Chemistry, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Program in Immunology Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gabriel D Victora
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
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7
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Li Y, Tan W, Ye F, Xue F, Gao S, Huang W, Wang Z. Identification of microRNAs and genes as biomarkers of atrial fibrillation using a bioinformatics approach. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:3580-3589. [PMID: 31218935 PMCID: PMC6726789 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519852235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to explore potential microRNAs (miRNAs) and target genes related to atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods Data for microarrays GSE70887 and GSE68475, both of which include AF and control groups, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed miRNAs between AF and control groups were identified within each microarray, and the intersection of these two sets was obtained. These miRNAs were mapped to target genes in the miRNet database. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis of these target genes was performed in the DAVID database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network from the STRING database and the miRNA-target-gene network were merged into a PPI-miRNA network using Cytoscape software. Modules of this network containing miRNAs were detected and further analyzed. Results Ten differentially expressed miRNAs and 1520 target genes were identified. Three PPI-miRNA modules were constructed, which contained miR-424, miR-15a, miR-542-3p, and miR-421 as well as their target genes, CDK1, CDK6, and CCND3. Conclusion The identified miRNAs and genes may be related to the pathogenesis of AF. Thus, they may be potential biomarkers for diagnosis and targets for treatment of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Wulin Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Faling Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaowei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenqi Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongxing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
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CCND2 and CCND3 hijack immunoglobulin light-chain enhancers in cyclin D1 - mantle cell lymphoma. Blood 2018; 133:940-951. [PMID: 30538135 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-07-862151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is characterized by the t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation resulting in overexpression of cyclin D1. However, a small subset of cyclin D1- MCL has been recognized, and approximately one-half of them harbor CCND2 translocations while the primary event in cyclin D1-/D2- MCL remains elusive. To identify other potential mechanisms driving MCL pathogenesis, we investigated 56 cyclin D1-/SOX11+ MCL by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), whole-genome/exome sequencing, and gene-expression and copy-number arrays. FISH with break-apart probes identified CCND2 rearrangements in 39 cases (70%) but not CCND3 rearrangements. We analyzed 3 of these negative cases by whole-genome/exome sequencing and identified IGK (n = 2) and IGL (n = 1) enhancer hijackings near CCND3 that were associated with cyclin D3 overexpression. By specific FISH probes, including the IGK enhancer region, we detected 10 additional cryptic IGK juxtapositions to CCND3 (6 cases) and CCND2 (4 cases) in MCL that overexpressed, respectively, these cyclins. A minor subset of 4 cyclin D1- MCL cases lacked cyclin D rearrangements and showed upregulation of CCNE1 and CCNE2. These cases had blastoid morphology, high genomic complexity, and CDKN2A and RB1 deletions. Both genomic and gene-expression profiles of cyclin D1- MCL cases were indistinguishable from cyclin D1+ MCL. In conclusion, virtually all cyclin D1- MCLs carry CCND2/CCND3 rearrangements with immunoglobulin genes, including a novel IGK/L enhancer hijacking mechanism. A subset of cyclin D1-/D2-/D3- MCL with aggressive features has cyclin E dysregulation. Specific FISH probes may allow the molecular identification and diagnosis of cyclin D1- MCL.
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Sherr CJ, Sicinski P. The D-Type Cyclins: A Historical Perspective. D-TYPE CYCLINS AND CANCER 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-64451-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Kuriyama K, Enomoto Y, Suzuki R, Watanuki J, Hosoi H, Yamashita Y, Murata S, Mushino T, Tamura S, Hanaoka N, Dyer M, Siebert R, Kiyonari H, Nakakuma H, Kitamura T, Sonoki T. Enforced expression of MIR142, a target of chromosome translocation in human B-cell tumors, results in B-cell depletion. Int J Hematol 2017; 107:345-354. [PMID: 29071477 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA142 (MIR142) is a target of chromosome translocations and mutations in human B-cell lymphomas. We analyzed an aggressive B-cell lymphoma carrying t(8;17)(q24;q22) and t(6;14)(p21;q32), and sought to explore the role(s) of MIR142 in lymphomagenesis. t(8;17)(q24;q22) involved MYC on 8q24 and pri-MIR142 on 17q22. MYC was activated by a promoter substitution by t(8;17)(q24;q22). t(8;17)(q24;q22) was an additional event after t(6;14) (p21;q32), which caused the over-expression of CCND3. Southern blot analyses revealed that the MIR142 locus was deleted from the affected allele, whereas Northern analyses showed over-expression of MIR142 in tumor cells. Although previous studies reported an over-expression of mutations in MIR142 in B-cell lymphomas, limited information is available on the functions of MIR142 in lymphomagenesis. Therefore, we generated bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and transgenic (Eμ/mir142) mice, which showed enforced expression in hematopoietic progenitor cells and B cells, respectively. BMT mice showed decreased numbers of all lineage-positive cells, particularly B cells, in peripheral blood. Eμ/mir142 mice showed decreased numbers of IgM-positive splenocytes, and exhibited altered B-cell phenotypic changes induced by lipopolysaccharide. Our results suggest that over-expression of MIR142 alters B-cell differentiation, implying multi-step lymphomagenesis together with MYC activation and CCND3 over-expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Kuriyama
- Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimi-idera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
| | - Yutaka Enomoto
- Division of Cellular Therapy and Division of Stem Cell Signaling, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Ritsuro Suzuki
- Hematology and Oncology, Shimane Medical University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Jyuri Watanuki
- Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimi-idera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hosoi
- Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimi-idera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamashita
- Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimi-idera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
| | - Shogo Murata
- Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimi-idera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mushino
- Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimi-idera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tamura
- Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimi-idera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hanaoka
- Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimi-idera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
| | - Martin Dyer
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm and University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Animal Resource Development Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Japan.,Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakakuma
- Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimi-idera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy and Division of Stem Cell Signaling, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sonoki
- Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimi-idera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan.
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Histone methyltransferase G9a promotes liver cancer development by epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor gene RARRES3. J Hepatol 2017; 67:758-769. [PMID: 28532996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Epigenetic deregulation is a common trait of human HCC. G9s is an important epigenetics regulator however, its role in liver carcinogenesis remains to be investigated. METHODS Gene expressions were determined by RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. G9a knockdown and knockout cell lines were established by lentiviral-based shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. Tumor-promoting functions of G9a was studied in both HCC cell lines and nude mice model. The downstream targets of G9a were identified by RNA-Seq and confirmed by ChIP assay. The therapeutic value of G9a inhibitors was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We identified G9a as a frequently upregulated histone methyltransferase in human HCCs. Upregulation of G9a was significantly associated with HCC progression and aggressive clinicopathological features. Functionally, we demonstrated that inactivation of G9a by RNAi knockdown, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, and pharmacological inhibition remarkably abolished H3K9 di-methylation and suppressed HCC cell proliferation and metastasis in both in vitro and in vivo models. Mechanistically, we showed that the frequent upregulation of G9a in human HCCs was attributed to gene copy number gain at chromosome 6p21. In addition, we identified miR-1 as a negative regulator of G9a. Loss of miR-1 relieved the post-transcriptional repression on G9a and contributed to its upregulation in human HCC. Utilizing RNA sequencing, we identified the tumor suppressor RARRES3 as a critical target of G9a. Epigenetic silencing of RARRES3 contributed to the tumor-promoting function of G9a. CONCLUSION This study shows a frequent deregulation of miR-1/G9a/RARRES3 axis in liver carcinogenesis, highlighting the pathological significance of G9a and its therapeutic potential in HCC treatment. Lay summary: In this study, we identified G9a histone methyltransferase was frequently upregulated in human HCC and contributes to epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor gene RARRES3 in liver cancer. Targeting G9a may be a novel approach for HCC treatment.
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Schreuder MI, van den Brand M, Hebeda KM, Groenen PJTA, van Krieken JH, Scheijen B. Novel developments in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma. J Hematop 2017; 10:91-107. [PMID: 29225710 PMCID: PMC5712330 DOI: 10.1007/s12308-017-0302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL), mostly represented by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type, also referred to as MALT lymphoma, is a clinically heterogeneous entity within the group of low-grade B cell lymphomas that arises in a wide range of different extranodal sites, including the stomach, lung, ocular adnexa, and skin. It represents the third most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the Western world, and the median age of occurrence is around 60 years. One characteristic aspect in a subset of EMZL detectable in about 25% of the cases is the presence of specific chromosomal translocations involving the genes MALT1 and BCL10, which lead to activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Another unique aspect is that several infectious agents, such as Helicobacter pylori in the case of gastric EMZL, and autoimmune disorders, like Sjögren syndrome, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this cancer. Recent findings as summarized in this review have further improved our understanding of the complex pathobiology of this disease and have been essential to better define novel treatment strategies. In addition, many of these specific features are currently being implemented for the diagnosis of EMZL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max I Schreuder
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 AG Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van den Brand
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 AG Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Pathology-DNA, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Konnie M Hebeda
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 AG Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia J T A Groenen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 AG Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Han van Krieken
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 AG Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Blanca Scheijen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 AG Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Ulvé R, Rault M, Bahin M, Lagoutte L, Abadie J, De Brito C, Coindre JM, Botherel N, Rousseau A, Wucher V, Cadieu E, Thieblemont C, Hitte C, Cornevin L, Cabillic F, Bachelot L, Gilot D, Hennuy B, Guillaudeux T, Le Goff A, Derrien T, Hédan B, André C. Discovery of Human-Similar Gene Fusions in Canine Cancers. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5721-5727. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma displays increased expression of cyclin D3 and recurrent CCND3 mutations. Blood 2017; 129:1042-1045. [PMID: 28069605 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-11-751024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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DeMicco A, Reich T, Arya R, Rivera-Reyes A, Fisher MR, Bassing CH. Lymphocyte lineage-specific and developmental stage specific mechanisms suppress cyclin D3 expression in response to DNA double strand breaks. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2882-2894. [PMID: 27327568 PMCID: PMC5105912 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1198861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells are thought to protect themselves and their host organisms from DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) through universal mechanisms that restrain cellular proliferation until DNA is repaired. The Cyclin D3 protein drives G1-to-S cell cycle progression and is required for proliferation of immature T and B cells and of mature B cells during a T cell-dependent immune response. We demonstrate that mouse thymocytes and pre-B cells, but not mature B cells, repress Cyclin D3 protein levels in response to DSBs. This response requires the ATM protein kinase that is activated by DSBs. Cyclin D3 protein loss in thymocytes coincides with decreased association of Cyclin D3 mRNA with the HuR RNA binding protein that ATM regulates. HuR inactivation reduces basal Cyclin D3 protein levels without affecting Cyclin D3 mRNA levels, indicating that thymocytes repress Cyclin D3 expression via ATM-dependent inhibition of Cyclin D3 mRNA translation. In contrast, ATM-dependent transcriptional repression of the Cyclin D3 gene represses Cyclin D3 protein levels in pre-B cells. Retrovirus-driven Cyclin D3 expression is resistant to transcriptional repression by DSBs; this prevents pre-B cells from suppressing Cyclin D3 protein levels and from inhibiting DNA synthesis to the normal extent following DSBs. Our data indicate that immature B and T cells use lymphocyte lineage- and developmental stage-specific mechanisms to inhibit Cyclin D3 protein levels and thereby help prevent cellular proliferation in response to DSBs. We discuss the relevance of these cellular context-dependent DSB response mechanisms in restraining proliferation, maintaining genomic integrity, and suppressing malignant transformation of lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy DeMicco
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyler Reich
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rahul Arya
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adrian Rivera-Reyes
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan R. Fisher
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immunology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Craig H. Bassing
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immunology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Otto C, Scholtysik R, Schmitz R, Kreuz M, Becher C, Hummel M, Rosenwald A, Trümper L, Klapper W, Siebert R, Küppers R. NovelIGHandMYCTranslocation Partners in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 55:932-943. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Otto
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research); University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical School; Essen Germany
| | - René Scholtysik
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research); University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical School; Essen Germany
| | - Roland Schmitz
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research); University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical School; Essen Germany
| | - Markus Kreuz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE); University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Claudia Becher
- Institute of Human Genetics; Christian-Albrechts University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein; Kiel Germany
| | | | | | - Lorenz Trümper
- Department of Hematology/Oncology; University Hospital Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel/Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics; Christian-Albrechts University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein; Kiel Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Ralf Küppers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research); University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical School; Essen Germany
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Mohanty S, Mohanty A, Sandoval N, Tran T, Bedell V, Wu J, Scuto A, Murata-Collins J, Weisenburger DD, Ngo VN. Cyclin D1 depletion induces DNA damage in mantle cell lymphoma lines. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:676-688. [PMID: 27338091 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1198958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Elevated cyclin D1 (CCND1) expression levels in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) are associated with aggressive clinical manifestations related to chemoresistance, but little is known about how this important proto-oncogene contributes to the resistance of MCL. Here, we showed that RNA interference-mediated depletion of CCND1 increased caspase-3 activities and induced apoptosis in the human MCL lines UPN-1 and JEKO-1. In vitro and xenotransplant studies revealed that the toxic effect of CCND1 depletion in MCL cells was likely due to increase in histone H2AX phosphorylation, a DNA damage marker. DNA fiber analysis suggested deregulated replication initiation after CCND1 depletion as a potential cause of DNA damage. Finally, in contrast to depletion or inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 4, CCND1 depletion increased chemosensitivity of MCL cells to replication inhibitors hydroxyurea and cytarabine. Our findings have an important implication for CCND1 as a potential therapeutic target in MCL patients who are refractory to standard chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Mohanty
- a Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research , Beckman Research Institute , Duarte , CA , USA
| | - Atish Mohanty
- a Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research , Beckman Research Institute , Duarte , CA , USA
| | - Natalie Sandoval
- a Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research , Beckman Research Institute , Duarte , CA , USA
| | - Thai Tran
- b Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences , Duarte , CA , USA
| | - Victoria Bedell
- c Department of Pathology , City of Hope National Medical Center , Duarte , CA , USA
| | - Jun Wu
- d Animal Resource Center , Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope , Duarte , CA , USA
| | - Anna Scuto
- c Department of Pathology , City of Hope National Medical Center , Duarte , CA , USA
| | - Joyce Murata-Collins
- c Department of Pathology , City of Hope National Medical Center , Duarte , CA , USA
| | - Dennis D Weisenburger
- c Department of Pathology , City of Hope National Medical Center , Duarte , CA , USA
| | - Vu N Ngo
- a Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research , Beckman Research Institute , Duarte , CA , USA
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DE BRAEKELEER MARC, TOUS CORINE, GUÉGANIC NADIA, LE BRIS MARIEJOSÉE, BASINKO AUDREY, MOREL FRÉDÉRIC, DOUET-GUILBERT NATHALIE. Immunoglobulin gene translocations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A report of 35 patients and review of the literature. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 4:682-694. [PMID: 27123263 PMCID: PMC4840758 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) represents the most common hematological malignancy in Western countries, with a highly heterogeneous clinical course and prognosis. Translocations involving the immunoglobulin (IG) genes are regularly identified. From 2000 to 2014, we identified an IG gene translocation in 18 of the 396 patients investigated at diagnosis (4.6%) and in 17 of the 275 analyzed during follow-up (6.2%). A total of 4 patients in whom the IG translocation was identified at follow-up did not carry the translocation at diagnosis. The IG heavy locus (IGH) was involved in 27 translocations (77.1%), the IG κ locus (IGK) in 1 (2.9%) and the IG λ locus (IGL) in 7 (20.0%). The chromosome band partners of the IG translocations were 18q21 in 16 cases (45.7%), 11q13 and 19q13 in 4 cases each (11.4% each), 8q24 in 3 cases (8.6%), 7q21 in 2 cases (5.7%), whereas 6 other bands were involved once (2.9% each). At present, 35 partner chromosomal bands have been described, but the partner gene has solely been identified in 10 translocations. CLL associated with IG gene translocations is characterized by atypical cell morphology, including plasmacytoid characteristics, and the propensity of being enriched in prolymphocytes. The IG heavy chain variable region (IGHV) mutational status varies between translocations, those with unmutated IGHV presumably involving cells at an earlier stage of B-cell lineage. All the partner genes thus far identified are involved in the control of cell proliferation and/or apoptosis. The translocated partner gene becomes transcriptionally deregulated as a consequence of its transposition into the IG locus. With the exception of t(14;18)(q32;q21) and its variants, prognosis appears to be poor for the other translocations. Therefore, searching for translocations involving not only IGH, but also IGL and IGK, by banding and molecular cytogenetics is required. Furthermore, it is important to identify the partner gene to ensure the patients receive the optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- MARC DE BRAEKELEER
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Brest, Brest, France
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM U1078), Brest, France
- Department of Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology, Morvan Hospital, Regional University Hospital Center of Brest (CHRU), Brest, France
| | - CORINE TOUS
- Department of Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology, Morvan Hospital, Regional University Hospital Center of Brest (CHRU), Brest, France
| | - NADIA GUÉGANIC
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Brest, Brest, France
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM U1078), Brest, France
| | - MARIE-JOSÉE LE BRIS
- Department of Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology, Morvan Hospital, Regional University Hospital Center of Brest (CHRU), Brest, France
| | - AUDREY BASINKO
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM U1078), Brest, France
- Department of Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology, Morvan Hospital, Regional University Hospital Center of Brest (CHRU), Brest, France
| | - FRÉDÉRIC MOREL
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Brest, Brest, France
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM U1078), Brest, France
- Department of Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology, Morvan Hospital, Regional University Hospital Center of Brest (CHRU), Brest, France
| | - NATHALIE DOUET-GUILBERT
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Brest, Brest, France
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM U1078), Brest, France
- Department of Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology, Morvan Hospital, Regional University Hospital Center of Brest (CHRU), Brest, France
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Role of cyclins D1 and D3 in vestibular schwannoma. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2015; 130 Suppl 1:S2-10. [PMID: 26165351 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215115001735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vestibular schwannomas in younger patients have been observed to be larger in size and grow more quickly. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the expression of three important cell cycle proteins, cyclin D1, cyclin D3 and Ki-67, in vestibular schwannoma patients separated into two age groups: ≤ 40 years or > 40 years. METHOD Immunohistochemical detection of cyclin D1, cyclin D3 and Ki-67 was undertaken in 180 surgically resected vestibular schwannomas. RESULTS The proliferation index of vestibular schwannomas was statistically higher in the ≤ 40 years age group compared to that in the > 40 years age group (mean of 4.52 vs 3.27, respectively; p = 0.01). Overexpression of cyclin D1 and cyclin D3 was found in 68 per cent and 44 per cent of tumours, respectively. CONCLUSION There was an increased Ki-67 proliferation index in the younger age group that appears to correlate with clinical behaviour. Vestibular schwannomas in both age groups show increased expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin D3.
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Abstract
Structural chromosome rearrangements may result in the exchange of coding or regulatory DNA sequences between genes. Many such gene fusions are strong driver mutations in neoplasia and have provided fundamental insights into the disease mechanisms that are involved in tumorigenesis. The close association between the type of gene fusion and the tumour phenotype makes gene fusions ideal for diagnostic purposes, enabling the subclassification of otherwise seemingly identical disease entities. In addition, many gene fusions add important information for risk stratification, and increasing numbers of chimeric proteins encoded by the gene fusions serve as specific targets for treatment, resulting in dramatically improved patient outcomes. In this Timeline article, we describe the spectrum of gene fusions in cancer and how the methods to identify them have evolved, and also discuss conceptual implications of current, sequencing-based approaches for detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Mertens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bertil Johansson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thoas Fioretos
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Felix Mitelman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
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Aleem E, Arceci RJ. Targeting cell cycle regulators in hematologic malignancies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:16. [PMID: 25914884 PMCID: PMC4390903 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies represent the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer in economically developed countries. In hematologic malignancies normal hematopoiesis is interrupted by uncontrolled growth of a genetically altered stem or progenitor cell (HSPC) that maintains its ability of self-renewal. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) not only regulate the mammalian cell cycle, but also influence other vital cellular processes, such as stem cell renewal, differentiation, transcription, epigenetic regulation, apoptosis, and DNA repair. Chromosomal translocations, amplification, overexpression and altered CDK activities have been described in different types of human cancer, which have made them attractive targets for pharmacological inhibition. Mouse models deficient for one or more CDKs have significantly contributed to our current understanding of the physiological functions of CDKs, as well as their roles in human cancer. The present review focuses on selected cell cycle kinases with recent emerging key functions in hematopoiesis and in hematopoietic malignancies, such as CDK6 and its role in MLL-rearranged leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia, CDK1 and its regulator WEE-1 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and cyclin C/CDK8/CDK19 complexes in T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. The knowledge gained from gene knockout experiments in mice of these kinases is also summarized. An overview of compounds targeting these kinases, which are currently in clinical development in various solid tumors and hematopoietic malignances, is presented. These include the CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors (palbociclib, LEE011, LY2835219), pan-CDK inhibitors that target CDK1 (dinaciclib, flavopiridol, AT7519, TG02, P276-00, terampeprocol and RGB 286638) as well as the WEE-1 kinase inhibitor, MK-1775. The advantage of combination therapy of cell cycle inhibitors with conventional chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of AML, such as cytarabine, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiman Aleem
- Department of Child Health, The Ronald A. Matricaria Institute of Molecular Medicine at Phoenix Children's Hospital, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix Phoenix, AZ, USA ; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Robert J Arceci
- Department of Child Health, The Ronald A. Matricaria Institute of Molecular Medicine at Phoenix Children's Hospital, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Abstract
B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) is a rare mature B-cell malignancy that may be hard to distinguish from mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). B-PLL cases with a t(11;14) were redefined as MCL in the World Health Organization 2008 classification. We evaluated 13 B-PLL patients [7 being t(11;14)-positive (B-PLL+) and 6 negative (B-PLL-)] and compared them with MCL and CLL patients. EuroFlow-based immunophenotyping showed significant overlap between B-PLL+ and B-PLL-, as well as between B-PLL and MCL, whereas CLL clustered separately. Immunogenotyping showed specific IGHV gene usage partly resembling MCL. Gene expression profiling showed no separation between B-PLL+ and B-PLL- but identified 3 subgroups. One B-PLL subgroup clustered close to CLL and another subgroup clustered with leukemic MCL; both were associated with prolonged survival. A third subgroup clustered close to nodal MCL and was associated with short survival. Gene expression profiles of both B-PLL+ and B-PLL- showed best resemblance with normal immunoglobulin M-only B-cells. Our data confirm that B-PLL+ is highly comparable to MCL, indicate that B-PLL- also may be considered as a specific subgroup of MCL, and suggest that B-PLL is part of a spectrum, ranging from CLL-like B-PLL, to leukemic MCL-like B-PLL, to nodal MCL-like B-PLL.
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Sklyar IV, Iarovaia OV, Lipinski M, Vassetzky YS. Translocations affecting human immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.7124/bc.000886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. V. Sklyar
- CNRS UMR8126, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Institute
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences
- LIA 1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory
| | - O. V. Iarovaia
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences
- LIA 1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory
| | - M. Lipinski
- CNRS UMR8126, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Institute
- LIA 1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory
| | - Y. S. Vassetzky
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences
- LIA 1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory
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Habu T, Matsumoto T. p31(comet) inactivates the chemically induced Mad2-dependent spindle assembly checkpoint and leads to resistance to anti-mitotic drugs. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:562. [PMID: 24255856 PMCID: PMC3824705 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mad2 is a key component of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that delays the onset of anaphase until all kinetochores are attached to the spindle. It binds to Cdc20 and prevents it from promoting destruction of an anaphase inhibitor, Securin. Previously, we showed that a Mad2-binding protein, p31comet, formed a complex with Mad2 upon the completion of spindle attachment. Here, we showed that the overexpression of p31comet can abolish the Mad2-dependent SAC that is induced by anti-mitotic drugs, including nocodazole, taxol, and monastrol; these drugs, except monastrol, cause aneuploidy in HeLa cells. In the absence of Eg5, which is a target of monastrol, overexpression of p31comet caused premature destruction of Securin and premature sister chromatid separation, but it did not cause aneuploidy. These results indicated that Eg5 kinesin function might be required for checkpoint exit and mitotic progression. Moreover, overexpression of p31comet led to resistance against apoptosis that was induced by nocodazole and taxol in human cells, and taxol resistance was dependent on the p31comet/Mad2 protein expression level ratio of in cancer cell lines. These results indicated that p31comet is an indicator of resistance to anti-mitotic drugs in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Habu
- Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe cho, Sakyo ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Abstract
Genomic profiling of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells has enabled a better understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of disease. Besides the t(11;14)(q13;q32) leading to cyclin D1 overexpression, MCL exhibits a characteristic pattern of DNA copy number aberrations that differs from those detected in other B-cell lymphomas. These genomic changes disrupt selected oncogenes and suppressor genes that are required for lymphoma development and progression, many of which are components of cell cycle, DNA damage response and repair, apoptosis, and cell-signaling pathways. Additionally, some of them may represent effective therapeutic targets. A number of genomic and molecular abnormalities have been correlated with the clinical outcome of patients with MCL and are considered prognostic factors. However, only a few genomic markers have been shown to predict the response to current or novel targeted therapies. One representative example is the high-level amplification of the BCL2 gene, which predicts a good response to pro-apoptotic BH3 mimetic drugs. In summary, genomic analyses have contributed to the substantial advances made in the comprehension of the pathogenesis of MCL, providing a solid basis for the identification of optimal therapeutic targets and for the design of new molecular therapies aiming to cure this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rieger Menanteau
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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CCND2 rearrangements are the most frequent genetic events in cyclin D1(-) mantle cell lymphoma. Blood 2012; 121:1394-402. [PMID: 23255553 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-08-452284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1(-) mantle cell lymphomas (MCLs) are not well characterized, in part because of the difficulties in their recognition. SOX11 has been identified recently as a reliable biomarker of MCL that is also expressed in the cyclin D1(-) variant. We investigated 40 lymphomas with MCL morphology and immunophenotype that were negative for cyclin D1 expression/t(11;14)(q13;q32) but positive for SOX11. These tumors presented clinically with generalized lymphadenopathy, advanced stage, and poor outcome (5-year overall survival, 48%). Chromosomal rearrangements of the CCND2 locus were detected in 55% of the cases, with an IG gene as partner in 18 of 22, in particular with light chains (10 IGK@ and 5 IGL@). No mutations in the phosphorylation motifs of CCND1, CCND2, or CCND3 were detected. The global genomic profile and the high complexity of the 32 cyclin D1(-) SOX11(+) MCL patients analyzed by copy number arrays were similar to the conventional cyclin D1/SOX11 MCL. 17p deletions and high Ki67 expression conferred a significantly worse outcome for the patients. This comprehensive characterization of a large series of cyclin D1(-) MCL patients indicates that these tumors are clinically and biologically similar to the conventional cyclin D1(+) MCL and provides a basis for the proper identification and clinical management of these patients.
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Li ZM, Spagnuolo L, Mensah AA, Rinaldi A, Bhagat G, Zucca E, Doglioni C, Ferreri AJM, Ponzoni M, Bertoni F. Gains of CCND3 gene in ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas: an integrated analysis. Br J Haematol 2012; 160:719-22. [PMID: 23240690 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shimanuki M, Sonoki T, Hosoi H, Watanuki J, Murata S, Kawakami K, Matsuoka H, Hanaoka N, Nakakuma H. Molecular cloning ofIGλrearrangements using long-distance inverse PCR (LDI-PCR). Eur J Haematol 2012; 90:59-67. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Shimanuki
- Hematology/Oncology; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama; Japan
| | - Takashi Sonoki
- Hematology/Oncology; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama; Japan
| | - Hiroki Hosoi
- Hematology/Oncology; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama; Japan
| | - Jyuri Watanuki
- Hematology/Oncology; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama; Japan
| | - Shogo Murata
- Hematology/Oncology; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama; Japan
| | - Keiki Kawakami
- Division of Hematology; Suzuka General Hospital; Suzuka; Japan
| | | | | | - Hideki Nakakuma
- Hematology/Oncology; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama; Japan
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Abstract
The cell cycle is regulated in part by cyclins and their associated serine/threonine cyclin-dependent kinases, or CDKs. CDK4, in conjunction with the D-type cyclins, mediates progression through the G1 phase when the cell prepares to initiate DNA synthesis. Although CDK4-null mutant mice are viable and cell proliferation is not significantly affected in vitro due to compensatory roles played by other CDKs, this gene plays a key role in mammalian development and cancer. This review discusses the role that CDK4 plays in cell cycle control, normal development, and tumorigenesis as well as how small molecule inhibitors of CDK4 can be used to treat disease.
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Weng HY, Huang HL, Zhao PP, Zhou H, Qu LH. Translational repression of cyclin D3 by a stable G-quadruplex in its 5' UTR: implications for cell cycle regulation. RNA Biol 2012; 9:1099-109. [PMID: 22858673 DOI: 10.4161/rna.21210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
cyclin D3 (CCND3) is one of the three D-type cyclins that regulate the G1/S phase transition of the cell cycle. Expression of CCND3 is observed in nearly all proliferating cells; however, the presence of high levels of CCND3 has been linked to a poor prognosis for several types of cancer. Therefore, further mechanistic studies on the regulation of CCND3 expression are urgently needed to provide therapeutic implications. In this study, we report that a conserved RNA G-quadruplex-forming sequence (hereafter CRQ), located in the 5' UTR of mammalian CCND3 mRNA, is able to fold into an extremely stable, intramolecular, parallel G-quadruplex in vitro. The CRQ G-quadruplex dramatically reduces the activity of a reporter gene in human cell lines, but it has little impact on its mRNA level, indicating a translational repression. Moreover, the CRQ sequence in its natural context inhibits translation of CCND3. Disruption of the G-quadruplex structure by G/U-mutation or deletion results in an elevated expression of CCND3 and an increased phosphorylation of Rb, a downstream target of CCND3, which promotes progression of cells through the G1 phase. Our results add to the growing understanding of the regulation of CCND3 expression and provide a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-You Weng
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Nakagawa M, Tsuzuki S, Honma K, Taguchi O, Seto M. Synergistic effect of Bcl2, Myc and Ccnd1 transforms mouse primary B cells into malignant cells. Haematologica 2011; 96:1318-26. [PMID: 21606168 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.041053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A synergistic effect resulting from a combination of BCL2 and MYC or MYC and CCND1 has been implicated in human B-cell lymphomas. Although the identification of other cooperative genes involved is important, our present understanding of such genes remains scant. The objective of this study was to identify the additional cooperative gene(s) associated with BCL2 and MYC or MYC and CCND1. First, we assessed whether Bcl2, Myc and Ccnd1 could cooperate. Next, we developed a synergism-based functional screening method for the identification of other oncogene(s) that act with Bcl2 and Myc. DESIGN AND METHODS Growth in culture, colony formation and oncogenicity in vivo were assessed in mouse primary B cells exogenously expressing various combinations of Bcl2, Myc and Ccnd1. For the functional screening, Bcl2- and Myc-expressing primary B cells were infected with a retroviral cDNA library. Inserted cDNA of transformed cells in culture were then identified. RESULTS Primary B cells exogenously expressing Bcl2, Myc and Ccnd1 showed factor-independent growth ability, enhanced colony-forming capability and aggressive oncogenicity, unlike the cases observed with the expression of any combination of only two of the genes. We identified CCND3 and NRAS as cooperative genes with Bcl2 and Myc through the functional screening. CONCLUSIONS Bcl2, Myc and Ccnd1 or Bcl2, Myc and CCND3 synergistically transformed mouse primary B cells into aggressive malignant cells. Our new synergism-based method is useful for the identification of synergistic gene combinations in tumor development, and may expand our systemic understanding of a wide range of cancer-causing elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Nakagawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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32
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de Oliveira FM, de Figueiredo Pontes LL, Bassi SC, Dalmazzo LFF, Falcão RP. Co-existence of t(6;13)(p21;q14.1) and trisomy 12 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Med Oncol 2011; 29:1227-30. [PMID: 21528409 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-9957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of a 57-year-old man diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and presence of a rare t(6;13)(p21;q14.1) in association with an extra copy of chromosome 12. Classical cytogenetic analysis using the immunostimulatory combination of DSP30 and IL-2 showed the karyotype 47,XY,t(6;13)(p21;q14.1), +12 in 75% of the metaphase cells. Spectral karyotype analysis (SKY) confirmed the abnormality previously seen by G-banding. Additionally, interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization using an LSI CEP 12 probe performed on peripheral blood cells without any stimulant agent showed trisomy of chromosome 12 in 67% of analyzed cells (134/200). To the best of our knowledge, the association of t(6;13)(p21;q14.1) and +12 in CLL has never been described. The prognostic significance of these new findings in CLL remains to be elucidated. However, the patient has been followed up since 2009 without any therapeutic intervention and has so far remained stable.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
- Trisomy/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Morato de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.
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Delabie J, Brodtkorb-Eide M. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cycling off the main track. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52:358-9. [PMID: 21323518 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2010.551683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Delabie
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospitals, Oslo, Norway.
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34
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Nahi H, Sutlu T, Jansson M, Alici E, Gahrton G. Clinical impact of chromosomal aberrations in multiple myeloma. J Intern Med 2011; 269:137-47. [PMID: 21158983 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal aberrations are frequently found in multiple myeloma cells and play a major role in patient outcome and management of the disease. The most important chromosomal aberrations associated with poor outcome are del(17p), t(4;14), t(14;16) and t(14;20). Others that may be associated with adverse prognosis include amp(1)(q21), del(1p32), del(13), del(8p21) and hypodiploidy. Many chromosomal aberrations have no or uncertain impact; for example, t(11;14), t(8;14) and hyperdiploidy. Attempts have been made to overcome the negative prognostic impact of chromosomal aberrations using autologous or allogeneic transplantation or new immunomodulatory drugs such as thalidomide, lenalidomide and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, but the results are controversial. Data suggest that allogeneic transplantation and treatment with bortezomib or lenalidomide may help to overcome the negative effect of del(13) on prognosis, whereas bortezomib may have some influence on reducing the impact of del(17p), t(4;14) and t(14;16). Chromosome analysis should always be performed at diagnosis of multiple myeloma to improve the prediction of outcome and to aid treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nahi
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Hematology Centre, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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35
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Cytogenetic aberrations and their prognostic value in a series of 330 splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphomas: a multicenter study of the Splenic B-Cell Lymphoma Group. Blood 2010; 116:1479-88. [PMID: 20479288 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-02-267476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a retrospective collaborative study to cytogenetically characterize splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) and ascertain the prognostic value of chromosomal aberrations. Of 330 cases, 72% displayed an aberrant karyotype, 53% were complex, and 29% had a single aberration. The predominant aberrations were gains of 3/3q and 12q, deletions of 7q and 6q and translocations involving 8q/1q/14q. CD5 expression was detected in 39 of 158 cases (25%). The cytogenetic makeup of the CD5+ group differed significantly from that of the CD5− group. Cases with unmutated IGHV were significantly associated with deletions of 7q and TP53. A strong association was noted between usage of the IGVH1-2 and deletion 7q, 14q alterations, and abnormal karyotype. On univariate analysis, patients with more than or equal to 2 aberrations, 14q alterations, and TP53 deletions had the shortest survival; 7q deletion did not affect survival. On multivariate analysis, cytogenetic aberrations did not retain prognostic significance; the parameters negatively affecting survival were hemoglobin and age. In conclusion, the cytogenetic profile of SMZL is distinct from other B-cell lymphomas. Complexity of the karyotype, 14q aberrations, and TP53 deletions are poor prognostic indicators and may be considered together with other clinicobiologic parameters to ascertain the prognosis of SMZL.
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36
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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma with focal D-type cyclin expression in proliferation centers: A report of four cases. Leuk Res 2010; 34:e219-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Peled JU, Yu JJ, Venkatesh J, Bi E, Ding BB, Krupski-Downs M, Shaknovich R, Sicinski P, Diamond B, Scharff MD, Ye BH. Requirement for cyclin D3 in germinal center formation and function. Cell Res 2010; 20:631-46. [PMID: 20404856 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2010.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal centers (GC) of secondary lymphoid tissues are critical to mounting a high-affinity humoral immune response. B cells within the GC undergo rapid clonal expansion and selection while diversifying their antibody genes. Although it is generally believed that GC B cells employ a unique proliferative program to accommodate these processes, little is known about how the GC-associated cell cycle is orchestrated. The D-type cyclins constitute an important component of the cell cycle engine that enables the cells to respond to physiological changes. Cell type- and developmental stage-specific roles of D-type cyclins have been described but the cyclin D requirement during GC reaction has not been addressed. In this study, we report that cyclin D3 is largely dispensable for proliferation and Ig class switching of in vitro activated B cells. In contrast, GC development in Ccnd3(-/-) mice is markedly impaired, as is the T cell-dependent antibody response. Within the GC, although both switched and unswitched B cells are affected by cyclin D3 inactivation, the IgM(-) pool is more severely reduced. Interestingly, despite a compensatory increase in cyclin D2 expression, a significant number of Ccnd3(-/-) GC B cells accumulate in quiescent G0 state. Lastly, although cyclin D3 inactivation did not disrupt BCL6 expression in GC B cells, it completely blocked the GC promoting effect of BCL6 overexpression, suggesting that cyclin D3 acts downstream of BCL6 to regulate GC formation. This is the first demonstration that cyclin D3 plays an important and unique role at the GC stage of B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan U Peled
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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38
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Mozos A, Royo C, Hartmann E, De Jong D, Baró C, Valera A, Fu K, Weisenburger DD, Delabie J, Chuang SS, Jaffe ES, Ruiz-Marcellan C, Dave S, Rimsza L, Braziel R, Gascoyne RD, Solé F, López-Guillermo A, Colomer D, Staudt LM, Rosenwald A, Ott G, Jares P, Campo E. SOX11 expression is highly specific for mantle cell lymphoma and identifies the cyclin D1-negative subtype. Haematologica 2010; 94:1555-62. [PMID: 19880778 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.010264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin D1-negative mantle cell lymphoma is difficult to distinguish from other small B-cell lymphomas. The clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with this form of lymphoma have not been well defined. Overexpression of the transcription factor SOX11 has been observed in conventional mantle cell lymphoma. The aim of this study was to determine whether this gene is expressed in cyclin D1-negative mantle cell lymphoma and whether its detection may be useful to identify these tumors. DESIGN AND METHODS The microarray database of 238 mature B-cell neoplasms was re-examined. SOX11 protein expression was investigated immunohistochemically in 12 cases of cyclin D1-negative mantle cell lymphoma, 54 cases of conventional mantle cell lymphoma, and 209 additional lymphoid neoplasms. RESULTS SOX11 mRNA was highly expressed in conventional and cyclin D1-negative mantle cell lymphoma and in 33% of the cases of Burkitt's lymphoma but not in any other mature lymphoid neoplasm. SOX11 nuclear protein was detected in 50 cases (93%) of conventional mantle cell lymphoma and also in the 12 cyclin D1-negative cases of mantle cell lymphoma, the six cases of lymphoblastic lymphomas, in two of eight cases of Burkitt's lymphoma, and in two of three T-prolymphocytic leukemias but was negative in the remaining lymphoid neoplasms. Cyclin D2 and D3 mRNA levels were significantly higher in cyclin D1-negative mantle cell lymphoma than in conventional mantle cell lymphoma but the protein expression was not discriminative. The clinico-pathological features and outcomes of the patients with cyclin D1-negative mantle cell lymphoma identified by SOX11 expression were similar to those of patients with conventional mantle cell lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS SOX11 mRNA and nuclear protein expression is a highly specific marker for both cyclin D1-positive and negative mantle cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mozos
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Pathology and Hematology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Spain
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Cyclin D3 deregulation by juxtaposition with IGH locus in a t(6;14)(p21;q32)-positive T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res 2010; 34:e13-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 07/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Immunoglobulin heavy chain locus chromosomal translocations in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: rare clinical curios or potent genetic drivers? Blood 2009; 115:1490-9. [PMID: 20042721 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-09-235986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations involving the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) locus define common subgroups of B-cell lymphoma but are rare in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). Recent fluorescent in situ hybridization and molecular cloning studies have identified several novel IGH translocations involving genes that play important roles in normal hemopoiesis, including the cytokine receptor genes CRLF2 and EPOR, all members of the CCAAT enhancer-binding protein gene family, as well as genes not normally expressed in hemopoietic cells including inhibitor of DNA binding 4. IGH translocation results in deregulated target gene expression because of juxtaposition with IGH transcriptional enhancers. However, many genes targeted by IGH translocations are also more commonly deregulated in BCP-ALL as a consequence of other genetic or epigenetic mechanisms. For example, interstitial genomic deletions also result in deregulated CRLF2 expression, whereas EPOR expression is deregulated as a consequence of the ETV6-RUNX1 fusion. The possible clinical importance of many of the various IGH translocations in BCP-ALL remains to be determined from prospective studies, but CRLF2 expression is associated with a poor prognosis. Despite their rarity, IGH chromosomal translocations in BCP-ALL therefore define not only new mechanisms of B-cell transformation but also clinically important subgroups of disease and suggest new targeted therapeutic approaches.
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41
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Bone marrow large B cell lymphoma bearing cyclin D3 expression: clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genotypic analyses of seven patients. Int J Hematol 2009; 90:217-225. [PMID: 19639271 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-009-0382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 06/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We report seven large B cell lymphoma patients showing the involvement of tumor cells with cyclin D3 (CCND3) expression in bone marrow (BM) at the initial diagnosis. All patients presented with B symptoms, splenomegaly, and anemia/thrombocytopenia lacking hemophagocytosis in the BM. Five of the seven patients had suffered from immunological diseases or cancers. The tumor cells were divided into those with a lymphoplasmacytoid or blastoid appearance. Six cases were confirmed to express CD5 antigen on tumor cells. Three cases presented a chromosomal translocation between CCND3 and the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) loci, t(6;14)(p21;q32). Three and two cases showed unmutated and mutated sequences of the variable region of IGH (VH), respectively, and one case showed deletion of an entire segment of VH. Two cases with t(6;14)(p21;q32) showed an unmutated VH sequence and chromosomal translocation within the switch region of IGH. Further studies are required to determine whether CCND3 expression is associated with a unique subset of diffuse large B cell lymphoma.
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42
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Abstract
Perturbations in the regulation of the core cell cycle machinery are frequently observed in human cancers. Cyclin D1 which functions as a mitogenic sensor and allosteric activator of CDK4/6, is one of the more frequently altered cell cycle regulators in cancers. Cyclin D1 is frequently overexpressed in cancers and its overexpression can be attributed to many factors including increased transcription, translation, and protein stability. Although cyclin D1 overexpression is clearly implicated in the affected cancers, overexpression of cyclin D1 is not sufficient to drive oncogenic transformation. Rather, emerging evidence suggests that nuclear retention of cyclin D1 resulting from altered nuclear trafficking and proteolysis is critical for the manifestation of its oncogenicity. This review provides a brief overview of current data documenting various mechanisms underlying aberrant cyclin D1 regulation in human cancers and their impact on neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kyong Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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43
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Abstract
Splenic marginal zone B cell lymphomas (SMZBCL) are rare, organotypic, lymphoid neoplasms with distinct clinicopathological features. At initial presentation, the spleen, bone marrow and peripheral blood are usually involved, while generalized lymphadenopathy is only rarely observed. Molecularly, somatic hypermutation of IgVH genes can be detected in roughly half of the cases, and deletions in 7q are present in 45% of tumors. Approximately 10%-15% of SMZBCL do occur in the setting of chronic hepatitis C. This association underlines the importance of antigenic stimulation in the proliferation of the tumor cells in HCV-associated SMBCL, if not also in their classical counterparts. More recently, gene profiling studies using cDNA microarrays revealed a homogeneous expression profile in SMZBCL, thus further confirming the notion of a distinct tumor entity. The clinical course is indolent in the majority of cases; however, some patients follow a more aggressive clinical course, usually associated with some particular molecular features in these tumors, such as unmutated IgVH genes and 7q deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ott
- Institut für Pathologie, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Bad Mergentheim.
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44
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Nagel I, Akasaka T, Klapper W, Gesk S, Böttcher S, Ritgen M, Harder L, Kneba M, Dyer MJS, Siebert R. Identification of the gene encoding cyclin E1 (CCNE1) as a novel IGH translocation partner in t(14;19)(q32;q12) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Haematologica 2009; 94:1020-3. [PMID: 19454496 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2008.000968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In a subset of B-cell malignancies, the genes encoding members of the cyclin D familiy are juxtaposed to immunoglobulin loci through recurrent chromosomal translocations. Here, we identified the gene encoding cyclin E1 as novel translocation partner of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) locus involved in a t(14;19)(q32;q12) in a case of t(8;14)(q24;q32) IGH-MYC-positive leukemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The translocation breakpoints were cloned and mapped to the switch region Salpha1 of IGH in 14q32 and approximately 60kb centromeric to CCNE1 in 19q12. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed overexpression of the cyclin E1 protein in this case, which to a comparable extent was observed in 3/41 independent DLBCL. These data indicate that cyclin E1 may act as a novel oncogene in B-cell lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Nagel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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45
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Cavazzini F, Hernandez JA, Gozzetti A, Russo Rossi A, De Angeli C, Tiseo R, Bardi A, Tammiso E, Crupi R, Lenoci MP, Forconi F, Lauria F, Marasca R, Maffei R, Torelli G, Gonzalez M, Martin-Jimenez P, Maria Hernandez J, Rigolin GM, Cuneo A. Chromosome 14q32 translocations involving the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia identify a disease subset with poor prognosis. Br J Haematol 2008; 142:529-37. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Nakamura S, Ye H, Bacon CM, Goatly A, Liu H, Kerr L, Banham AH, Streubel B, Yao T, Tsuneyoshi M, Savio A, Takeshita M, Dartigues P, Ruskoné-Fourmestraux A, Matsumoto T, Iida M, Du MQ. Translocations Involving the Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene Locus Predict Better Survival in Gastric Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:3002-10. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Translocations targeting CCND2, CCND3, and MYCN do occur in t(11;14)-negative mantle cell lymphomas. Blood 2008; 111:5683-90. [PMID: 18391076 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-10-118794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetics of t(11;14)(q13;q32)/cyclin D1-negative mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is poorly understood. We report here 8 MCL cases lacking t(11;14) or variant CCND1 rearrangement that showed expression of cyclin D1 (2 cases), D2 (2 cases), and D3 (3 cases). One case was cyclin D negative. Cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization detected t(2;12)(p11;p13)/IGK-CCND2 in one of the cyclin D2-positive cases and t(6;14)(p21;q32)/IGH-CCND3 in one of the cyclin D3-positive cases. Moreover, we identified a novel cryptic t(2;14)(p24;q32) targeting MYCN in 2 blastoid MCLs: one negative for cyclin D and one expressing cyclin D3. Interestingly, both cases showed expression of cyclin E. Notably, all 3 blastoid MCLs showed a monoallelic deletion of RB1 associated with a lack of expression of RB1 protein and monoallelic loss of p16. In sum-mary, this study confirms frequent aberrant expression of cyclin D2 and D3 in t(11;14)-negative MCLs and shows a t(11;14)-independent expression of cy-clin D1 in 25% of present cases. Novel findings include cyclin E expression in 2 t(11;14)-negative MCLs characterized by a cryptic t(2;14)(p24;q32) and identification of MYCN as a new lymphoma oncogene associated with a blastoid MCL. Clinically important is a predisposition of t(11;14)-negative MCLs to the central nervous system involvement.
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Troussard X, Cornet E. Outline for writing an article for current treatment options in oncology: splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2008; 8:97-108. [PMID: 17634839 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-007-0015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two subtypes of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) are identified in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification: SMZL without villous lymphocytes and SMZL with villous lymphocytes in the peripheral blood (SLVL). SLVL is a rare leukemic and indolent B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorder (B-CLPD) that we have to differentiate from hairy cell leukemia (HCL), B prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) and follicular lymphoma (FL). Morphological examination associated with immunophenotyping is, in most cases, likely to distinguish these CD5 negative entities. However, the diagnosis can be difficult to make on morphological criteria, especially in patients without absolute lymphocytosis. Based on histologic, cytogenetic and molecular studies, SLVL emerges as a distinct entity. SLVL has a relatively clinical benign course but a few patients could require treatment, because of a symptomatic splenomegaly and/or a severe cytopenia. In symptomatic patients HCV negative, the frontline treatment remains questionable. Splenectomy, regarded as the most effective treatment, could be required for diagnostic purposes: however, relapse occur in 30% of cases. Fludarabine (FDR), a purine analogue and deoxycoformycin (DCF) can induce a maintained response in a substantial proportion of patients with SLVL and could be used as a first line treatment. In HCV + SLVL patients, antiviral treatment using alpha interferon and ribavirin can induce regression of SLVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Troussard
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, CHU de Caen Côte de Nacre, Caen, 14000, France.
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Iqbal J, Gupta S, Chen QH, Brody JP, Koduru P. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with a novel translocation involving BCL6. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 178:73-6. [PMID: 17889713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Translocation of the BCL6 gene is one of the most common chromosomal changes seen in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, primarily affecting the 5' regulatory region which is usually replaced with the sequences of the translocation partner. This translocation involves both immunoglobulin and nonimmunoglobulin gene partners, the former being the more common. Here we report a case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with immunophenotypic features of a germinal center type, involving translocation of BCL6 to chromosome 11 and partnering with one or more nonimmunoglobulin genes. To our knowledge this novel translocation in the context of an activated B-cell type diffuse large B-cell lymphoma has not been previously described in the literature. We speculate about the putative partner gene involved in the translocation and the pathophysiological significance of the translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Iqbal
- Department of Pathology, North Shore University Hospital, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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Remstein ED, Law M, Mollejo M, Piris MA, Kurtin PJ, Dogan A. The prevalence of IG translocations and 7q32 deletions in splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Leukemia 2007; 22:1268-72. [PMID: 17989713 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2405027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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