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Tassaneetrithep B, Phuphuakrat A, Pasomsub E, Bhukhai K, Wongkummool W, Priengprom T, Khamaikawin W, Chaisavaneeyakorn S, Anurathapan U, Apiwattanakul N, Hongeng S. HIV-1 proviral DNA in purified peripheral blood CD34 + stem and progenitor cells in individuals with long-term HAART; paving the way to HIV gene therapy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26613. [PMID: 38434025 PMCID: PMC10906414 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection is an important public health problem worldwide. After primary HIV-1 infection, transcribed HIV-1 DNA is integrated into the host genome, serving as a reservoir of the virus and hindering a definite cure. Although highly active antiretroviral therapy suppresses active viral replication, resulting in undetectable levels of HIV RNA in the blood, a viral rebound can be detected after a few weeks of treatment interruption. This supports the concept that there is a stable HIV-1 reservoir in people living with HIV-1. Recently, a few individuals with HIV infection were reported to be probably cured by hematopoietic stem transplantation (HSCT). The underlying mechanism for this success involved transfusion of uninfected hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from CCR5-mutated donors who were naturally resistant to HIV infection. Thus, gene editing technology to provide HIV-resistant HSPC has promise in the treatment of HIV infections by HSCT. In this study, we aimed to find HIV-infected individuals likely to achieve a definite cure via gene editing HSCT. We screened for total HIV proviral DNA by Alu PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 20 HIV-infected individuals with prolonged viral suppression. We assessed the amount of intact proviral DNA via a modified intact proviral DNA assay (IPDA) in purified peripheral CD34+ HSPCs. PBMCs from all 20 individuals were positive for the gag gene in Alu PCR, and peripheral CD34+ HSPCs were IPDA-negative for six individuals. Our results suggested that these six HIV-infected individuals could be candidates for further studies into the ability of gene editing HSCT to lead to a definite HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boonrat Tassaneetrithep
- Center of Research Excellence in Immunoregulation, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Angsana Phuphuakrat
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Ekawat Pasomsub
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Kanit Bhukhai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | | | - Thongkoon Priengprom
- Center of Research Excellence in Immunoregulation, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Wannisa Khamaikawin
- Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand
| | | | - Usanarat Anurathapan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Nopporn Apiwattanakul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
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Mo Y, Yue M, Yim LY, Zhou R, Yu C, Peng Q, Zhou Y, Luk TY, Lui GCY, Huang H, Lim CYH, Wang H, Liu L, Sun H, Wang J, Song Y, Chen Z. Nicotinamide mononucleotide impacts HIV-1 infection by modulating immune activation in T lymphocytes and humanized mice. EBioMedicine 2023; 98:104877. [PMID: 37980794 PMCID: PMC10694053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1-associated immune activation drives CD4+ T cell depletion and the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We aimed to determine the role of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), the direct precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) co-enzyme, in CD4+ T cell modulation during HIV-1 infection. METHODS We examined HIV-1 integrated DNA or transcribed RNA, intracellular p24 protein, and T cell activation markers in CD4+ T cells including in vitro HIV-1-infected cells, reactivated patient-derived cells, and in HIV-1-infected humanized mice, under NMN treatment. RNA-seq and CyTOF analyses were used for investigating the effect of NMN on CD4+ T cells. FINDINGS We found that NMN increased the intracellular NAD amount, resulting in suppressed HIV-1 p24 production and proliferation in infected CD4+ T cells, especially in activated CD25+CD4+ T cells. NMN also inhibited CD25 expression on reactivated resting CD4+ T cells derived from cART-treated people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). In HIV-1-infected humanized mice, the frequency of CD4+ T cells was reconstituted significantly by combined cART and NMN treatment as compared with cART or NMN alone, which correlated with suppressed hyperactivation of CD4+ T cells. INTERPRETATION Our results highlight the suppressive role of NMN in CD4+ T cell activation during HIV-1 infection. It warrants future clinical investigation of NMN as a potential treatment in combination with cART in PLWH. FUNDING This work was supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council Theme-Based Research Scheme (T11-706/18-N), University Research Committee of The University of Hong Kong, the Collaborative Research with GeneHarbor (Hong Kong) Biotechnologies Limited and National Key R&D Program of China (Grant2021YFC2301900).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Mo
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yue
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Lok Yan Yim
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Runhong Zhou
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhao Yu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoli Peng
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China; HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and AIDS Clinical Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Tsz-Yat Luk
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Grace Chung-Yan Lui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Huarong Huang
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Yu Hubert Lim
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and AIDS Clinical Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- GeneHarbor (Hong Kong) Biotechnologies Ltd., Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Youqiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China; Center for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, People's Republic of China.
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Liu Y, Lui KS, Ye Z, Fung TY, Chen L, Sit PY, Leung CY, Mak NK, Wong KL, Lung HL, Tanaka Y, Cheung AKL. EBV latent membrane protein 1 augments γδ T cell cytotoxicity against nasopharyngeal carcinoma by induction of butyrophilin molecules. Theranostics 2023; 13:458-471. [PMID: 36632221 PMCID: PMC9830437 DOI: 10.7150/thno.78395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a diverse cancer with no well-defined tumor antigen, associated with oncogenic Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), and with usually late-stage diagnosis and survival <40%. Current radiotherapy and chemotherapy have low effectiveness and cause adverse effects, which calls for the need of new therapy. In this regard, adoptive immunotherapy using γδ T cells has potential, but needs to be coupled with butyrophilin 2A1 and 3A1 protein expression to achieve tumoricidal effect. Methods: Human γδ T cells were expanded (with Zol or PTA) and used for cytotoxicity assay against NPC cells, which were treated with the EBV EBNA1-targeting peptide (L2)P4. Effect of (L2)P4 on BTN2A1/BTN3A1 expression in NPC cells was examined by flow cytometry and Western blot. An NPC-bearing NSG mice model was established to test the effectiveness of P4 and adoptive γδ T cells. Immunofluorescence was performed on NPC tissue sections to examine the presence of γδ T cells and expression of BTN2A1 and BTN3A1. EBV gene expression post-(L2)P4 treatment was assessed by qRT-PCR, and the relationship of LMP1, NLRC5 and BTN2A1/BTN3A1 was examined by transfection, reporter assay, Western blot, and inhibition experiments. Results: Zol- or PTA-expanded the Vδ2 subset of γδ T cells that exerted killing against certain NPC cells. (L2)P4 reactivates latent EBV, which increased BTN2A1 and BTN3A1 expression and conferred higher susceptibility towards Vδ2 T cells cytotoxicity in vitro, as well as enhanced tumor regression in vivo by adoptive transfer of Vδ2 T cells. Mechanistically, (L2)P4 induced EBV LMP1, leading to IFN-γ/p-JNK and NLRC5 activation, and subsequently stimulated the expression of BTN2A1 and BTN3A1. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the effectiveness of using the EBV-targeting probe (L2)P4 and adoptive γδ T cells as a promising combinatorial immunotherapy against NPC. The identification of the LMP1-IFN-γ/p-JNK-NLRC5-BTN2A1/BTN3A1 axis may lead to new insight and therapeutic targets against NPC and other EBV+ tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Sin Lui
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zuodong Ye
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsz Yan Fung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Luo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ping Yiu Sit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chin Yu Leung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nai Ki Mak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka-Leung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hong Lok Lung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Allen Ka Loon Cheung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Allen KL Cheung; Address: Rm 833, Run Run Shaw Building, Ho Sin-hang campus, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China. E-mail: ; Tel: (852) 34117745; Fax: (852) 34117095
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Zhao F, Fung TY, Chen Z, Wang H, Cheung AKL. Association of human cytomegalovirus in urine with end-organ diseases in stage 2/3 HIV-1-infected individuals. J Clin Virol 2023; 158:105351. [PMID: 36529059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is prevalent in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals but is suppressed by the host immune system bolstered by antiretroviral therapy. During stage 4 of HIV-1 infection, HCMV becomes a major risk factor for end-organ diseases (EODs). However, the implications of detecting HCMV in patients with stage 2/3 HIV-1 infection have not been established. OBJECTIVES Conduct a retrospective study of the relationship between HCMV-DNA detection and EODs in patients with stage 2/3 HIV-1 infection. STUDY DESIGN We cross-sectionally analyzed data from 134,881 HIV-1-infected patients who visited the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen (Guangdong, China) between January 2011 and June 2022. Only patients with available data on CD4 counts, HIV-RNA and HCMV-DNA copy numbers, and hospitalized stage 2/3 patients with detailed clinical assessments of EODs were included in this study. The chi-square test and Cox regression model were used to examine the association between HCMV-DNA detection and EOD incidence. Longitudinal analysis was performed to examine the effect of anti-HCMV treatment on the incidence of lung and cardiovascular EODs. RESULTS HCMV-DNA had been tested in the blood and urine of 98.6% and 31.8% of the HIV-1-infected patients, respectively. An increased percentage of HCMV was detected in urine (> 2.4-fold) than in blood at different HIV-1 infection stages. In stage 2/3 patients (n = 454), a higher incidence of EODs was observed in those who tested positive for HCMV-DNA in urine (P < 0.0001) than in those who tested positive for HCMV-DNA in blood (P = 0.0977). Using a model for incidence of EODs, we found that HCMV-DNA detection in urine was associated with an increased incidence of lung EOD; the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 1.939 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.326-2.761, P = 0.0003) for the HCMVurine+ subgroup and 0.933 (95% CI: 0.523-1.623, P = 0.8605) for the HCMVurine- subgroup. A significant HR was also observed for cardiovascular EOD, which was 0.696 (95% CI: 0.492-0.953, P = 0.0302) for the HCMVurine+ group and 1.56 (95% CI: 0.766-3.074, P = 0.2033) for the HCMVurine- group. Longitudinal analysis showed that treatment for HCMV reduced the incidence rates of lung and cardiovascular EODs in the stage 2/3 patients. CONCLUSIONS The presence of HCMV in urine is associated with the early prognosis of EODs in patients with stage 2/3 HIV-1 infection and its detection should be implemented as a routine test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen (Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Tsz Yan Fung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), PR China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, HKSAR, PR China; Department of Microbiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, HKSAR, PR China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen (Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Allen Ka Loon Cheung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), PR China.
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Shen S, Rui Y, Wang Y, Su J, Yu X. SARS-CoV-2, HIV, and HPV: Convergent evolution of selective regulation of cGAS-STING signaling. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28220. [PMID: 36229923 PMCID: PMC9874546 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recognizing aberrant cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA and stimulating innate immunity is essential for the host's defense against viruses and tumors. Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) is a cytosolic DNA sensor that synthesizes the second messenger 2'3'-cGAMP and subsequently activates stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-mediated activation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)/interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and the production of type I interferon (IFN-I). Both the cGAS-STING-mediated IFN-I antiviral defense and the countermeasures developed by diverse viruses have been extensively studied. However, recent studies have revealed a convergent evolutionary feature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral proteins in terms of the selective regulation of cGAS-STING-mediated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling without any effect on cGAS-STING-mediated TBK1/IRF3 activation and IFN production. The potential beneficial effect of this cGAS-STING-mediated, NF-κB-dependent antiviral effect, and the possible detrimental effect of IFN-I in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 and HIV infection deserve more attention and future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Shen
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yajuan Rui
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yanpu Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jiaming Su
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xiao‐Fang Yu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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Renelt S, Schult-Dietrich P, Baldauf HM, Stein S, Kann G, Bickel M, Kielland-Kaisen U, Bonig H, Marschalek R, Rieger MA, Dietrich U, Duerr R. HIV-1 Infection of Long-Lived Hematopoietic Precursors In Vitro and In Vivo. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192968. [PMID: 36230931 PMCID: PMC9562211 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent reservoirs in human-immunodeficiency-virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals represent a major obstacle in finding a cure for HIV-1. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) have been described as potential HIV-1 targets, but their roles as HIV-1 reservoirs remain controversial. Here we provide additional evidence for the susceptibility of several distinct HSPC subpopulations to HIV-1 infection in vitro and in vivo. In vitro infection experiments of HSPCs were performed with different HIV-1 Env-pseudotyped lentiviral particles and with replication-competent HIV-1. Low-level infection/transduction of HSPCs, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent progenitors (MPP), was observed, preferentially via CXCR4, but also via CCR5-mediated entry. Multi-lineage colony formation in methylcellulose assays and repetitive replating of transduced cells provided functional proof of susceptibility of primitive HSPCs to HIV-1 infection. Further, the access to bone marrow samples from HIV-positive individuals facilitated the detection of HIV-1 gag cDNA copies in CD34+ cells from eight (out of eleven) individuals, with at least six of them infected with CCR5-tropic HIV-1 strains. In summary, our data confirm that primitive HSPC subpopulations are susceptible to CXCR4- and CCR5-mediated HIV-1 infection in vitro and in vivo, which qualifies these cells to contribute to the HIV-1 reservoir in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Renelt
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patrizia Schult-Dietrich
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hanna-Mari Baldauf
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Virology, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Stein
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerrit Kann
- Department of Medicine II/Infectious Diseases, Goethe University Hospital, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Infektiologikum, Center for Infectious Diseases, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Markus Bickel
- Infektiologikum, Center for Infectious Diseases, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rolf Marschalek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael A. Rieger
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ursula Dietrich
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf Duerr
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Correspondence:
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Relaño-Rodríguez I, Espinar-Buitrago MS, Martín-Cañadilla V, Gómez-Ramirez R, Jiménez JL, Muñoz-Fernández MA. Nanotechnology against human cytomegalovirus in vitro: polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers as antiviral agents. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:65. [PMID: 33658029 PMCID: PMC7927225 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a worldwide infection, causing different troublesome in immunosupressed patients and very related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) infection, mainly in developing countries, with a co-infection rate of 80% in Africa. The high cost of present treatments and the lack of routinely tests in these countries urge the necessity to develop new molecules or strategies against HCMV. The new treatments should be low-cost and capable of avoiding the emerging problem of resistant virus. Nanoparticles play an important role in several viral infections. Our main focus is to study the potential activity of polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers (PDC), which are hyperbranched molecules with several sulfonate or sulfate groups in their periphery, against different viruses. RESULTS We studied the activity of G1-S4, G2-S16 and G2-S24P PDCs in MRC-5 cell line against HCMV infection by several plaque reduction assays. Our results show that dendrimers present good biocompatibility at the concentrations tested (1-50 µM) for 6 days in cell culture. Interestingly, both G2-S16 and G2-S24P showed a remarked inhibition at 10 µM against HCMV infection. Results on attachment and virucidal assays indicated that the inhibition was not directed to the virus or the virus-cell attachment. However, results of time of addition, showed a longer lasting activity of these dendrimers in comparison to ganciclovir, and the combination of G2-S16 or G2-S24P with ganciclovir increases the HCMV inhibition around 90 %. CONCLUSIONS Nanotechnology, in particular polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers, have proved their potential application against HCMV, being capable of inhibiting the infection by themselves or enhancing the activity of ganciclovir, the actual treatment. These compounds represent a low-cost approach to fight HCMV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Relaño-Rodríguez
- Section Head Immunology, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M S Espinar-Buitrago
- Section Head Immunology, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - V Martín-Cañadilla
- Section Head Immunology, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Gómez-Ramirez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), UAH, Alcalá de Henares, 28871, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Jiménez
- Section Head Immunology, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Muñoz-Fernández
- Section Head Immunology, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
- Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
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SAMHD1 … and Viral Ways around It. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030395. [PMID: 33801276 PMCID: PMC7999308 DOI: 10.3390/v13030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The SAM and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a dNTP triphosphohydrolase that plays a crucial role for a variety of different cellular functions. Besides balancing intracellular dNTP concentrations, facilitating DNA damage repair, and dampening excessive immune responses, SAMHD1 has been shown to act as a major restriction factor against various virus species. In addition to its well-described activity against retroviruses such as HIV-1, SAMHD1 has been identified to reduce the infectivity of different DNA viruses such as the herpesviruses CMV and EBV, the poxvirus VACV, or the hepadnavirus HBV. While some viruses are efficiently restricted by SAMHD1, others have developed evasion mechanisms that antagonize the antiviral activity of SAMHD1. Within this review, we summarize the different cellular functions of SAMHD1 and highlight the countermeasures viruses have evolved to neutralize the restriction factor SAMHD1.
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Lenart M, Działo E, Kluczewska A, Węglarczyk K, Szaflarska A, Rutkowska-Zapała M, Surmiak M, Sanak M, Pituch-Noworolska A, Siedlar M. miRNA Regulation of NK Cells Antiviral Response in Children With Severe and/or Recurrent Herpes Simplex Virus Infections. Front Immunol 2021; 11:589866. [PMID: 33679688 PMCID: PMC7931645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.589866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe and/or recurrent infection with Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is observed in a large group of patients treated in clinical immunology facilities. Atypical and prolonged HSV infection is the most common clinical manifestation of disturbed NK cell development and functions, yet the molecular basis of these disorders is still largely unknown. Since recent findings indicated the importance of miRNA in regulating NK cell development, maturation and functions, the aim of our study was to investigate miRNA expression pattern in NK cells in patients with severe and/or recurrent infections with HSV and analyze the role of these miRNAs in NK cell antiviral response. As a result, miRNA expression pattern analysis of human best known 754 miRNAs revealed that patients with severe and/or recurrent HSV infection had substantially upregulated expression of four miRNAs: miR-27b, miR-199b, miR-369-3p and miR-491-3p, when compared to healthy controls. Selective inhibition of miR-27b, miR-199b, miR-369-3p and miR-491-3p expression in NK-92 cells resulted in profound upregulation of 4 genes (APOBEC3G, MAP2K3, MAVS and TLR7) and downregulation of 36 genes taking part in antiviral response or associated with signaling pathways of Toll-like receptors (TLR), NOD-like receptors, the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) and type I IFN-related response. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis revealed that miR-369-3p and miR-491-3p inhibitors downregulated NK cell intracellular perforin expression, while the expression of granzyme B and IFNγ remained unchanged. Taken together, our study suggests a novel mechanism which may promote recurrence and severity of HSV infection, based on miRNAs-dependent posttranscriptional regulation of genes taking part in antiviral response of human NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Lenart
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Edyta Działo
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kluczewska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Węglarczyk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Szaflarska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rutkowska-Zapała
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Surmiak
- II Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Sanak
- II Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Pituch-Noworolska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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SAMHD1 Functions and Human Diseases. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040382. [PMID: 32244340 PMCID: PMC7232136 DOI: 10.3390/v12040382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) molecules are essential for the replication and maintenance of genomic information in both cells and a variety of viral pathogens. While the process of dNTP biosynthesis by cellular enzymes, such as ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) and thymidine kinase (TK), has been extensively investigated, a negative regulatory mechanism of dNTP pools was recently found to involve sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain and histidine-aspartate (HD) domain-containing protein 1, SAMHD1. When active, dNTP triphosphohydrolase activity of SAMHD1 degrades dNTPs into their 2'-deoxynucleoside (dN) and triphosphate subparts, steadily depleting intercellular dNTP pools. The differential expression levels and activation states of SAMHD1 in various cell types contributes to unique dNTP pools that either aid (i.e., dividing T cells) or restrict (i.e., nondividing macrophages) viral replication that consumes cellular dNTPs. Genetic mutations in SAMHD1 induce a rare inflammatory encephalopathy called Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), which phenotypically resembles viral infection. Recent publications have identified diverse roles for SAMHD1 in double-stranded break repair, genome stability, and the replication stress response through interferon signaling. Finally, a series of SAMHD1 mutations were also reported in various cancer cell types while why SAMHD1 is mutated in these cancer cells remains to investigated. Here, we reviewed a series of studies that have begun illuminating the highly diverse roles of SAMHD1 in virology, immunology, and cancer biology.
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Tsukamoto T. Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells and the Pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:60. [PMID: 32154191 PMCID: PMC7047323 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) has been of great interest. However, it remains unclear whether HSPCs can act as viral reservoirs. Many studies have reported the presence of latently infected HSPCs in the bone marrow of HIV-infected patients, whereas many other investigators have reported negative results. Hence, further evidence is required to elucidate this controversy. The other arm of HSPC investigations of HIV infection involves dynamics analysis in the early and late stages of infection to understand the impact on the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Several recent studies have suggested reduced amounts and/or functional impairment of multipotent, myeloid, and lymphoid progenitors in HIV infection that may contribute to hematological manifestations, including anemia, pancytopenia, and T-cell depletion. In addition, ongoing and future studies on the senescence of HSPCs are expected to further the understanding of HIV pathogenesis. This mini review summarizes reports describing the basic aspects of hematopoiesis in response to HIV infection and offers insights into the association of HIV infection/exposure of the host HSPCs and hematopoietic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Tsukamoto
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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Murray MJ, Peters NE, Reeves MB. Navigating the Host Cell Response during Entry into Sites of Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7010030. [PMID: 29547547 PMCID: PMC5874756 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The host cell represents a hostile environment that viruses must counter in order to establish infection. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is no different and encodes a multitude of functions aimed at disabling, re-directing or hijacking cellular functions to promulgate infection. However, during the very early stages of infection the virus relies on the outcome of interactions between virion components, cell surface receptors and host signalling pathways to promote an environment that supports infection. In the context of latent infection—where the virus establishes an infection in an absence of many gene products specific for lytic infection—these initial interactions are crucial events. In this review, we will discuss key host responses triggered by viral infection and how, in turn, the virus ameliorates the impact on the establishment of non-lytic infections of cells. We will focus on strategies to evade intrinsic antiviral and innate immune responses and consider their impact on viral infection. Finally, we will consider the hypothesis that the very early events upon viral infection are important for dictating the outcome of infection and consider the possibility that events that occur during entry into non-permissive cells are unique and thus contribute to the establishment of latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Murray
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - Nicholas E Peters
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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Abstract
The introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in the 1990s has dramatically changed the course of HIV infection, decreasing the risk for both AIDS- and non-AIDS-related events. Cancers, cardiovascular disease (CVD), liver and kidney disease, neurological disorders and frailty have become of great importance lately in the clinical management as they represent the principal cause of death in people living with HIV who receive cART (Kirk et al. in Clin Infect Dis 45(1):103-10, 2007; Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy Study et al. N Engl J Med 355(22):2283-2296, 2006; Ances et al. J Infect Dis 201(3):336-340, 2010; Desquilbet et al. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 62(11):1279-1286, 2007; Lifson et al. HIV Clin Trials 9(3):177-185, 2008). Despite the undeniable achievements of cART, we are now faced with its limitations: a considerable proportion of individuals, referred as to immunological non-responders, fails to reconstitute the immune system despite optimal treatment and viral suppression (Kelley et al. Clin Infect Dis 48(6):787-794, 2009; Robbins et al. Clin Infect Dis 48(3):350-361, 2009) and remains at high risk for opportunistic infections and non-AIDS-related events (Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy Study et al. N Engl J Med 355(22):2283-2296, 2006). Moreover, the generalized state of immune activation and inflammation, linked to serious non-AIDS events, persists despite successful HIV suppression with cART. Finally, the current strategies have so far failed to eradicate the virus, and inflammation appears a driving force in viral persistence. In the light of all this, it is of fundamental importance to investigate the pathophysiological processes that link incomplete immune recovery, immune activation and HIV persistence to design targeted therapies that could impact on the three.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bruzzesi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Irini Sereti
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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