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Lichtman MA. Clonal hematopoiesis and acquired genetic abnormalities of the red cell: An historical review. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2024; 104:102801. [PMID: 37951089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Several syndromes affecting the red cell that mimic those induced by germline mutations may result from a somatic mutation that accompanies a myeloid malignancy. These syndromes are most notable in cases of myelodysplastic syndrome, but they are not limited to any one category of myeloid neoplasm. Their occurrence in males exceed the male predominance that is evident in myeloid neoplasms. The syndromes include disorders of globin chain synthesis (α- and β-thalassemia), heme synthesis (erythropoietic porphyria and erythropoietic uroporphyria), red cell membrane structure (elliptocytosis and spherocytosis), red cell enzyme activity (pyruvate kinase deficiency, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency) and lowered expression of red cell ABO blood group antigens. This historical review describes the path to uncovering these acquired syndromes and their causal somatic mutations, where known. These syndromes often go unrecognized because of the dominant concern of the primary neoplasm. They may add to the healthcare needs of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall A Lichtman
- Department of Medicine, James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, USA 14642-0001.
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Giallongo C, Dulcamare I, Giallongo S, Duminuco A, Pieragostino D, Cufaro MC, Amorini AM, Lazzarino G, Romano A, Parrinello N, Di Rosa M, Broggi G, Caltabiano R, Caraglia M, Scrima M, Pasquale LS, Tathode MS, Li Volti G, Motterlini R, Di Raimondo F, Tibullo D, Palumbo GA. MacroH2A1.1 as a crossroad between epigenetics, inflammation and metabolism of mesenchymal stromal cells in myelodysplastic syndromes. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:686. [PMID: 37852977 PMCID: PMC10584900 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Ineffective hematopoiesis is a hallmark of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Hematopoietic alterations in MDS patients strictly correlate with microenvironment dysfunctions, eventually affecting also the mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) compartment. Stromal cells are indeed epigenetically reprogrammed to cooperate with leukemic cells and propagate the disease as "tumor unit"; therefore, changes in MSC epigenetic profile might contribute to the hematopoietic perturbations typical of MDS. Here, we unveil that the histone variant macroH2A1 (mH2A1) regulates the crosstalk between epigenetics and inflammation in MDS-MSCs, potentially affecting their hematopoietic support ability. We show that the mH2A1 splicing isoform mH2A1.1 accumulates in MDS-MSCs, correlating with the expression of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), an important pro-tumor activator of MSC phenotype associated to a pro-inflammatory behavior. MH2A1.1-TLR4 axis was further investigated in HS-5 stromal cells after ectopic mH2A1.1 overexpression (mH2A1.1-OE). Proteomic data confirmed the activation of a pro-inflammatory signature associated to TLR4 and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) activation. Moreover, mH2A1.1-OE proteomic profile identified several upregulated proteins associated to DNA and histones hypermethylation, including S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, a strong inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase and of the methyl donor S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM). HPLC analysis confirmed higher SAM/SAH ratio along with a metabolic reprogramming. Interestingly, an increased LDHA nuclear localization was detected both in mH2A1.1-OE cells and MDS-MSCs, probably depending on MSC inflammatory phenotype. Finally, coculturing healthy mH2A1.1-OE MSCs with CD34+ cells, we found a significant reduction in the number of CD34+ cells, which was reflected in a decreased number of colony forming units (CFU-Cs). These results suggest a key role of mH2A1.1 in driving the crosstalk between epigenetic signaling, inflammation, and cell metabolism networks in MDS-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Giallongo
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - I Dulcamare
- Division of Hematology, AOU Policlinico, Catania, Italy
| | - S Giallongo
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - A Duminuco
- Division of Hematology, AOU Policlinico, Catania, Italy
| | - D Pieragostino
- Department of Innovative Technologies and Medicine & Odontoiatry, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M C Cufaro
- Department of Innovative Technologies and Medicine & Odontoiatry, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - A M Amorini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Lazzarino
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - A Romano
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - N Parrinello
- Division of Hematology, AOU Policlinico, Catania, Italy
| | - M Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Broggi
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - R Caltabiano
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - M Scrima
- Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - L S Pasquale
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - M S Tathode
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - G Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - R Motterlini
- Faculty of Health, University Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - F Di Raimondo
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - D Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G A Palumbo
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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The Biological and Clinical Consequences of RNA Splicing Factor U2AF1 Mutation in Myeloid Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184406. [PMID: 36139566 PMCID: PMC9496927 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1 (U2AF1) is one of the most important RNA splicing genes involved in regulating the alternative splicing of pre-mRNA. U2AF1 mutation is a genetic driver event in the initiation of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and frequently occurs in myeloid malignancies. U2AF1 mutation can severely impair hematopoiesis, drive tumor progression, adversely affect disease prognosis, and promote leukemic transformation. This review summarizes the biological and clinical implications of the oncogenic role of U2AF1 mutation in myeloid tumors. Our work provides important and comprehensive insights into the development of the U2AF1 mutation as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for myeloid malignancies. Abstract Mutations of spliceosome genes have been frequently identified in myeloid malignancies with the large-scale application of advanced sequencing technology. U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1 (U2AF1), an essential component of U2AF heterodimer, plays a pivotal role in the pre-mRNA splicing processes to generate functional mRNAs. Over the past few decades, the mutation landscape of U2AF1 (most frequently involved S34 and Q157 hotspots) has been drawn in multiple cancers, particularly in myeloid malignancies. As a recognized early driver of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs), U2AF1 mutates most frequently in MDS, followed by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Here, for the first time, we summarize the research progress of U2AF1 mutations in myeloid malignancies, including the correlations between U2AF1 mutations with clinical and genetic characteristics, prognosis, and the leukemic transformation of patients. We also summarize the adverse effects of U2AF1 mutations on hematopoietic function, and the alterations in downstream alternative gene splicing and biological pathways, thus providing comprehensive insights into the roles of U2AF1 mutations in the myeloid malignancy pathogenesis. U2AF1 mutations are expected to be potential novel molecular markers for myeloid malignancies, especially for risk stratification, prognosis assessment, and a therapeutic target of MDS patients.
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