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Zheng R, Zhu X, Xiao Y. Advances in CAR-T-cell therapy in T-cell malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:49. [PMID: 38915099 PMCID: PMC11197302 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Significant advances have been made in chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T)-cell therapy for the treatment of recurrent or refractory B-cell hematologic malignancies. However, CAR-T-cell therapy has not yet achieved comparable success in the management of aggressive T-cell malignancies. This article reviews the challenges of CAR-T-cell therapy in treating T-cell malignancies and summarizes the progress of preclinical and clinical studies in this area. We present an analysis of clinical trials of CAR-T-cell therapies for the treatment of T-cell malignancies grouped by target antigen classification. Moreover, this review focuses on the major challenges encountered by CAR-T-cell therapies, including the nonspecific killing due to T-cell target antigen sharing and contamination with cell products during preparation. This review discusses strategies to overcome these challenges, presenting novel therapeutic approaches that could enhance the efficacy and applicability of CAR-T-cell therapy in the treatment of T-cell malignancies. These ideas and strategies provide important information for future studies to promote the further development and application of CAR-T-cell therapy in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubing Zheng
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yi Xiao
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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2
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Pang Y, Ghosh N. Novel and multiple targets for chimeric antigen receptor-based therapies in lymphoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1396395. [PMID: 38711850 PMCID: PMC11070555 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1396395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy targeting CD19 in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) validates the utility of CAR-based therapy for lymphomatous malignancies. Despite the success, treatment failure due to CD19 antigen loss, mutation, or down-regulation remains the main obstacle to cure. On-target, off-tumor effect of CD19-CAR T leads to side effects such as prolonged B-cell aplasia, limiting the application of therapy in indolent diseases such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Alternative CAR targets and multi-specific CAR are potential solutions to improving cellular therapy outcomes in B-NHL. For Hodgkin lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma, several cell surface antigens have been studied as CAR targets, some of which already showed promising results in clinical trials. Some antigens are expressed by different lymphomas and could be used for designing tumor-agnostic CAR. Here, we reviewed the antigens that have been studied for novel CAR-based therapies, as well as CARs designed to target two or more antigens in the treatment of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Pang
- Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Atrium Health Levine Cancer Institute, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Charlotte, NC, United States
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3
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Zengarini C, Guglielmo A, Mussi M, Motta G, Agostinelli C, Sabattini E, Piraccini BM, Pileri A. A Narrative Review of the State of the Art of CCR4-Based Therapies in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas: Focus on Mogamulizumab and Future Treatments. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:32. [PMID: 38804300 PMCID: PMC11130839 DOI: 10.3390/antib13020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The CCR4 receptor is a pivotal target in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) therapy due to its role in impairing immune responses against malignant T-cells and expression profiles. Monoclonal antibodies like mogamulizumab effectively bind to CCR4, reducing tumour burden and enhancing patient outcomes by inhibiting the receptor's interaction with ligands, thereby hindering malignant T-cell migration and survival. Combining CCR4 antibodies with chemotherapy, radiation, and other drugs is being explored for synergistic effects. Additionally, small-molecular inhibitors, old pharmacological agents interacting with CCR4, and CAR-T therapies are under investigation. Challenges include drug resistance, off-target effects, and patient selection, addressed through ongoing trials refining protocols and identifying biomarkers. Despite advancements, real-life data for most of the emerging treatments are needed to temper expectations. In conclusion, CCR4-targeted therapies show promise for CTCL management, but challenges persist. Continued research aims to optimise treatments, enhance outcomes, and transform CTCL management. This review aims to elucidate the biological rationale and the several agents under various stages of development and clinical evaluation with the actual known data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Zengarini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.Z.)
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alba Guglielmo
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Institute of Dermatology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Martina Mussi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.Z.)
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Motta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.Z.)
- Division of Haematopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Agostinelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.Z.)
- Division of Haematopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Sabattini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.Z.)
- Division of Haematopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Piraccini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.Z.)
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pileri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.Z.)
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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4
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Luo Y, de Gruijl FR, Vermeer MH, Tensen CP. "Next top" mouse models advancing CTCL research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1372881. [PMID: 38665428 PMCID: PMC11044687 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1372881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review systematically describes the application of in vivo mouse models in studying cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), a complex hematological neoplasm. It highlights the diverse research approaches essential for understanding CTCL's intricate pathogenesis and evaluating potential treatments. The review categorizes various mouse models, including xenograft, syngeneic transplantation, and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), emphasizing their contributions to understanding tumor-host interactions, gene functions, and studies on drug efficacy in CTCL. It acknowledges the limitations of these models, particularly in fully replicating human immune responses and early stages of CTCL. The review also highlights novel developments focusing on the potential of skin-targeted GEMMs in studying natural skin lymphoma progression and interactions with the immune system from onset. In conclusion, a balanced understanding of these models' strengths and weaknesses are essential for accelerating the deciphering of CTCL pathogenesis and developing treatment methods. The GEMMs engineered to target specifically skin-homing CD4+ T cells can be the next top mouse models that pave the way for exploring the effects of CTCL-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cornelis P. Tensen
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Goel RR, Rook AH. Immunobiology and treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38450476 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2326035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a heterogenous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas derived from skin-homing T cells. These include mycosis fungoides and its leukemic variant Sezary syndrome, as well as the CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders. AREAS COVERED In this review, we provide a summary of the current literature on CTCL, with a focus on the immunopathogenesis and treatment of mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. EXPERT OPINION Recent advances in immunology have provided new insights into the biology of malignant T cells. This in turn has led to the development of new therapies that modulate the immune system to facilitate tumor clearance or target specific aspects of tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R Goel
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health (I3H), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alain H Rook
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Testa U, Chiusolo P, Pelosi E, Castelli G, Leone G. CAR-T Cell Therapy for T-Cell Malignancies. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2024; 16:e2024031. [PMID: 38468828 PMCID: PMC10927222 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2024.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of B-cell lymphoid neoplasia and, in some instances, improved disease outcomes. Thus, six FDA-approved commercial CAR-T cell products that target antigens preferentially expressed on malignant B-cells or plasma cells have been introduced in the therapy of B-cell lymphomas, B-ALLs, and multiple myeloma. These therapeutic successes have triggered the application of CAR-T cell therapy to other hematologic tumors, including T-cell malignancies. However, the success of CAR-T cell therapies in T-cell neoplasms was considerably more limited due to the existence of some limiting factors, such as: 1) the sharing of mutual antigens between normal T-cells and CAR-T cells and malignant cells, determining fratricide events and severe T-cell aplasia; 2) the contamination of CAR-T cells used for CAR transduction with malignant T-cells. Allogeneic CAR-T products can avoid tumor contamination but raise other problems related to immunological incompatibility. In spite of these limitations, there has been significant progress in CD7- and CD5-targeted CAR-T cell therapy of T-cell malignancies in the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Chiusolo
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy. Sezione Di Ematologia. Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Radiologiche Ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Leone
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Radiologiche Ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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7
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Liu S, Liang Z, Wang Y, Ren Y, Gu Y, Qiao Y, He H, Li Y, Cheng Y, Liu Y. MCM2 is involved in subtyping and tamoxifen resistance of ERα-positive breast cancer by acting as the downstream factor of ERα. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300560. [PMID: 38403459 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) resistance is finally developed in over 40% of patients with estrogen receptor α-positive breast cancer (ERα+ -BC), documenting that discovering new molecular subtype is needed to confer perception to the heterogeneity of ERα+ -BC. We obtained representative gene sets subtyping ERα+ -BC using gene set variation analysis (GSVA), non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), and COX regression methods on the basis of METABRIC, TCGA, and GEO databases. Furthermore, the risk score of ERα+ -BC subtyping was established using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression on the basis of genes in the representative gene sets, thereby generating the two subtypes of ERα+ -BC. We further found that minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2) functioned as the hub gene subtyping ERα+ -BC using GO, KEGG, and MCODE. MCM2 expression was capable for specifically predicting 1-year overall survival (OS) of ERα+ -BC and correlated with T stage, AJCC stage, and tamoxifen (TAM) sensitivity of ERα+ -BC. The downregulation of MCM2 expression inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of TAM-resistant cells and promoted G0/G1 arrest. Altogether, tamoxifen resistance entails that MCM2 is a hub gene subtyping ERα+ -BC, providing a novel dimension for discovering a potential target of TAM-resistant BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuoshuai Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaxuan Ren
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yulu Gu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yichun Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huan He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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8
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Reynolds G, Anderson MA, Thursky K, Teh BW, Slavin MA. Recommendations on prevention of infections in patients with T-cell lymphomas: a narrative review and synthesis. Leuk Lymphoma 2023; 64:2057-2070. [PMID: 37688482 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2252945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
T/Natural killer (NK) cell lymphomas (TCL) represent a heterogenous subgroup of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, associated with poorer prognosis and higher treatment toxicity. A cohesive synthesis of infection outcomes among TCL patients is lacking. International guidelines offer no specific recommendations regarding prophylaxis or supportive infection care for TCL patients. This systematic narrative review highlights infection outcomes in TCL patients treated with conventional, and novel therapies. Recommendations for infection screening, antimicrobial prophylaxis and vaccination strategies are outined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Reynolds
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary Ann Anderson
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin W Teh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Karsten H, Matrisch L, Cichutek S, Fiedler W, Alsdorf W, Block A. Broadening the horizon: potential applications of CAR-T cells beyond current indications. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1285406. [PMID: 38090582 PMCID: PMC10711079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1285406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering immune cells to treat hematological malignancies has been a major focus of research since the first resounding successes of CAR-T-cell therapies in B-ALL. Several diseases can now be treated in highly therapy-refractory or relapsed conditions. Currently, a number of CD19- or BCMA-specific CAR-T-cell therapies are approved for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), multiple myeloma (MM), and follicular lymphoma (FL). The implementation of these therapies has significantly improved patient outcome and survival even in cases with previously very poor prognosis. In this comprehensive review, we present the current state of research, recent innovations, and the applications of CAR-T-cell therapy in a selected group of hematologic malignancies. We focus on B- and T-cell malignancies, including the entities of cutaneous and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (T-ALL, PTCL, CTCL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), classical Hodgkin-Lymphoma (HL), Burkitt-Lymphoma (BL), hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM). While these diseases are highly heterogenous, we highlight several similarly used approaches (combination with established therapeutics, target depletion on healthy cells), targets used in multiple diseases (CD30, CD38, TRBC1/2), and unique features that require individualized approaches. Furthermore, we focus on current limitations of CAR-T-cell therapy in individual diseases and entities such as immunocompromising tumor microenvironment (TME), risk of on-target-off-tumor effects, and differences in the occurrence of adverse events. Finally, we present an outlook into novel innovations in CAR-T-cell engineering like the use of artificial intelligence and the future role of CAR-T cells in therapy regimens in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Karsten
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ludwig Matrisch
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sophia Cichutek
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Division of Pneumology, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Walter Fiedler
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Division of Pneumology, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Alsdorf
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Division of Pneumology, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Block
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Division of Pneumology, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Pelcovits A, Ollila TA, Olszewski AJ. Advances in Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:989-998. [PMID: 37700809 PMCID: PMC10493109 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s330908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL) is a heterogenous disease that consists of distinct clinicopathologic entities and presentations requiring a unique and expert approach to management. The most common subtype is mycosis fungoides, in which local disease has an excellent prognosis and is often managed with topical therapy alone. More extensive cutaneous involvement as well as involvement of lymph nodes and the peripheral blood (Sezary syndrome) require systemic therapies. Recent years have brought an expansion of therapeutic options, specifically with immune-based approaches that were developed using the knowledge gained regarding the biology and molecular pathology of CTCL. Previous systemic therapies such as retinoids, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and chemotherapeutic agents come with significant toxicity and only short-term response. Newer agents such as mogamulizumab and brentuximab vedotin use a targeted immune-based approach leading to longer periods of response with less systemic toxicity. While still in its infancy, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab appears promising, and while their current clinical application is limited, early data suggest possible future areas for research of immune manipulation to treat CTCL. Herein, we review these novel immune-based treatment strategies, their superiority over prior systemic options, and the ongoing need for further research and clinical trial enrollment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Pelcovits
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Thomas A Ollila
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Adam J Olszewski
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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11
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Zhao Y, Guo R, Cao X, Zhang Y, Sun R, Lu W, Zhao M. Role of chemokines in T-cell acute lymphoblastic Leukemia: From pathogenesis to therapeutic options. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110396. [PMID: 37295031 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive subtype of hematologic malignancy, with limited therapeutic options due to the complexity of its pathogenesis. Although high-dose chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have improved outcomes for T-ALL patients, there remains an urgent need for novel treatments in cases of refractory or relapsed disease. Recent research has demonstrated the potential of targeted therapies aimed at specific molecular pathways to improve patient outcomes. Chemokine-related signals, both upstream and downstream, modulate the composition of distinct tumor microenvironments, thereby regulating a multitude of intricate cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, invasion and homing. Furthermore, the progress in research has made significant contributions to precision medicine by targeting chemokine-related pathways. This review article summarizes the crucial roles of chemokines and their receptors in T-ALL pathogenesis. Moreover, it explores the advantages and disadvantages of current and potential therapeutic options that target chemokine axes, including small molecule antagonists, monoclonal antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiFan Zhao
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - RuiTing Guo
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - XinPing Cao
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Rui Sun
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - WenYi Lu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - MingFeng Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China.
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