1
|
Bureau C, Schmidt M, Chommeloux J, Rivals I, Similowski T, Hékimian G, Luyt CE, Niérat MC, Dangers L, Dres M, Combes A, Morélot-Panzini C, Demoule A. Increasing Sweep Gas Flow Reduces Respiratory Drive and Dyspnea in Nonintubated Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients: A Pilot Study. Anesthesiology 2024; 141:87-99. [PMID: 38436930 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on assessment and management of dyspnea in patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for cardiogenic shock are lacking. The hypothesis was that increasing sweep gas flow through the venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator may decrease dyspnea in nonintubated venoarterial ECMO patients exhibiting clinically significant dyspnea, with a parallel reduction in respiratory drive. METHODS Nonintubated, spontaneously breathing, supine patients on venoarterial ECMO for cardiogenic shock who presented with a dyspnea visual analog scale (VAS) score of greater than or equal to 40/100 mm were included. Sweep gas flow was increased up to +6 l/min by three steps of +2 l/min each. Dyspnea was assessed with the dyspnea-VAS and the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile. The respiratory drive was assessed by the electromyographic activity of the alae nasi and parasternal muscles. RESULTS A total of 21 patients were included in the study. Upon inclusion, median dyspnea-VAS was 50 (interquartile range, 45 to 60) mm, and sweep gas flow was 1.0 l/min (0.5 to 2.0). An increase in sweep gas flow significantly decreased dyspnea-VAS (50 [45 to 60] at baseline vs. 20 [10 to 30] at 6 l/min; P < 0.001). The decrease in dyspnea was greater for the sensory component of dyspnea (-50% [-43 to -75]) than for the affective and emotional components (-17% [-0 to -25] and -12% [-0 to -17]; P < 0.001). An increase in sweep gas flow significantly decreased electromyographic activity of the alae nasi and parasternal muscles (-23% [-36 to -10] and -20 [-41 to -0]; P < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between the sweep gas flow and the dyspnea-VAS (r = -0.91; 95% CI, -0.94 to -0.87), between the respiratory drive and the sensory component of dyspnea (r = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.44) between the respiratory drive and the affective component of dyspnea (r = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.54) and between the sweep gas flow and the alae nasi and parasternal (r = -0.31; 95% CI, -0.44 to -0.22; and r = -0.25; 95% CI, -0.44 to -0.16). CONCLUSIONS In critically ill patients with venoarterial ECMO, an increase in sweep gas flow through the oxygenation membrane decreases dyspnea, possibly mediated by a decrease in respiratory drive. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Côme Bureau
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Médecine Intensive-Réanimation Unit, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Schmidt
- Sorbonne Université, RESPIRE, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS_1166-ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France; Médecine Intensive-Réanimation Unit, Cardiologie Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Chommeloux
- Sorbonne Université, RESPIRE, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS_1166-ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France; Médecine Intensive-Réanimation Unit, Cardiologie Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Rivals
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France; Equipe de Statistique Appliquée, ESPCI Paris, Pitié Salpêtrière Research University, UMRS 1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Similowski
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris University Hospital Group, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Hékimian
- Sorbonne Université, RESPIRE, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS_1166-ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France; Médecine Intensive-Réanimation Unit, Cardiologie Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Charles-Edouard Luyt
- Sorbonne Université, RESPIRE, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS_1166-ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France; Médecine Intensive-Réanimation Unit, Cardiologie Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Niérat
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Dangers
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Médecine Intensive-Réanimation Unit, Paris, France
| | - Martin Dres
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Médecine Intensive-Réanimation Unit, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Alain Combes
- Sorbonne Université, RESPIRE, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS_1166-ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France; Médecine Intensive-Réanimation Unit, Institut de Cardiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Capucine Morélot-Panzini
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Pneumologie, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Demoule
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Médecine Intensive-Réanimation Unit, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bureau C, Niérat MC, Decavèle M, Rivals I, Dangers L, Beurton A, Virolle S, Deleris R, Delemazure J, Mayaux J, Morélot-Panzini C, Dres M, Similowski T, Demoule A. Sensory interventions to relieve dyspnoea in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2202215. [PMID: 37678956 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02215-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation, dyspnoea is frequent, severe and associated with an increased risk of neuropsychological sequelae. We evaluated the efficacy of sensory interventions targeting the brain rather than the respiratory system to relieve dyspnoea in mechanically ventilated patients. METHODS Patients receiving mechanical ventilation for ≥48 h and reporting dyspnoea (unidimensional dyspnoea visual analogue scale (Dyspnoea-VAS)) first underwent increased pressure support and then, in random order, auditory stimulation (relaxing music versus pink noise) and air flux stimulation (facial versus lower limb). Treatment responses were assessed using Dyspnoea-VAS, the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile and measures of the neural drive to breathe (airway occlusion pressure (P 0.1) and electromyography of inspiratory muscles). RESULTS We included 46 patients (tracheotomy or intubation n=37; noninvasive ventilation n=9). Increasing pressure support decreased Dyspnoea-VAS by median 40 mm (p<0.001). Exposure to music decreased Dyspnoea-VAS compared with exposure to pink noise by median 40 mm (p<0.001). Exposure to facial air flux decreased Dyspnoea-VAS compared with limb air flux by median 30 mm (p<0.001). Increasing pressure support, but not music exposure and facial air flux, reduced P 0.1 by median 3.3 cmH2O (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In mechanically ventilated patients, sensory interventions can modulate the processing of respiratory signals by the brain irrespective of the intensity of the neural drive to breathe. It should therefore be possible to alleviate dyspnoea without resorting to pharmacological interventions or having to infringe the constraints of mechanical ventilation lung protection strategies by increasing ventilatory support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Côme Bureau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation (Département R3S), AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Niérat
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Maxens Decavèle
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation (Département R3S), AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Rivals
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
- Equipe de Statistique Appliquée, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, UMRS 1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Dangers
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation (Département R3S), AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Beurton
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation (Département R3S), AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sara Virolle
- Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation (Département R3S), AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Robin Deleris
- Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation (Département R3S), AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Julie Delemazure
- Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation (Département R3S), AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Julien Mayaux
- Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation (Département R3S), AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Capucine Morélot-Panzini
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
- Service de Pneumologie (Département R3S), AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Martin Dres
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation (Département R3S), AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Similowski
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
- Département R3S, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Demoule
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation (Département R3S), AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hudson AL, Butler JE. Assessment of 'neural respiratory drive' from the parasternal intercostal muscles. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2018; 252-253:16-17. [PMID: 29545080 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Hudson
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, 2031, Australia and University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Jane E Butler
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, 2031, Australia and University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dubé BP, Vermeulen F, Laveneziana P. Exertional Dyspnoea in Chronic Respiratory Diseases: From Physiology to Clinical Application. Arch Bronconeumol 2016; 53:62-70. [PMID: 27818024 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dyspnoea is a complex, highly personalized and multidimensional sensory experience, and its underlying cause and mechanisms are still being investigated. Exertional dyspnoea is one of the most frequently encountered symptoms of patients with cardiopulmonary diseases, and is a common reason for seeking medical help. As the symptom usually progresses with the underlying disease, it can lead to an avoidance of physical activity, peripheral muscle deconditioning and decreased quality of life. Dyspnoea is closely associated with quality of life, exercise (in)tolerance and prognosis in various conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension, and is therefore an important therapeutic target. Effective management and treatment of dyspnoea is an important challenge for caregivers, and therapeutic options that attempt to reverse its underlying cause have been only partially successful This "review" will attempt to shed light on the physiological mechanisms underlying dyspnoea during exercise and to translate/apply them to a broad clinical spectrum of cardio-respiratory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno-Pierre Dubé
- Département de Médecine, Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canadá
| | | | - Pierantonio Laveneziana
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, UMRS_1158 Neurophysiologie respiratoire expérimentale et clinique, París, Francia; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles de la Respiration, de l'Exercice et de la Dyspnée (Département «R3S», Pôle PRAGUES), París, Francia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Reilly CC, Jolley CJ, Elston C, Moxham J, Rafferty GF. Blunted perception of neural respiratory drive and breathlessness in patients with cystic fibrosis. ERJ Open Res 2016; 2:00057-2015. [PMID: 27730171 PMCID: PMC5005154 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00057-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The electromyogram recorded from the diaphragm (EMGdi) and parasternal intercostal muscle using surface electrodes (sEMGpara) provides a measure of neural respiratory drive (NRD), the magnitude of which reflects lung disease severity in stable cystic fibrosis. The aim of this study was to explore perception of NRD and breathlessness in both healthy individuals and patients with cystic fibrosis. Given chronic respiratory loading and increased NRD in cystic fibrosis, often in the absence of breathlessness at rest, we hypothesised that patients with cystic fibrosis would be able to tolerate higher levels of NRD for a given level of breathlessness compared to healthy individuals during exercise. 15 cystic fibrosis patients (mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) 53.5% predicted) and 15 age-matched, healthy controls were studied. Spirometry was measured in all subjects and lung volumes measured in the cystic fibrosis patients. EMGdi and sEMGpara were recorded at rest and during incremental cycle exercise to exhaustion and expressed as a percentage of maximum (% max) obtained from maximum respiratory manoeuvres. Borg breathlessness scores were recorded at rest and during each minute of exercise. EMGdi % max and sEMGpara % max and associated Borg breathlessness scores differed significantly between healthy subjects and cystic fibrosis patients at rest and during exercise. The relationship between EMGdi % max and sEMGpara % max and Borg score was shifted to the right in the cystic fibrosis patients, such that at comparable levels of EMGdi % max and sEMGpara % max the cystic fibrosis patients reported significantly lower Borg breathlessness scores compared to the healthy individuals. At Borg score 1 (clinically significant increase in breathlessness from baseline) corresponding levels of EMGdi % max (20.2±12% versus 32.15±15%, p=0.02) and sEMGpara % max (18.9±8% versus 29.2±15%, p=0.04) were lower in the healthy individuals compared to the cystic fibrosis patients. In the cystic fibrosis patients EMGdi % max at Borg score 1 was related to the degree of airways obstruction (FEV1) (r=−0.664, p=0.007) and hyperinflation (residual volume/total lung capacity) (r=0.710, p=0.03). This relationship was not observed for sEMGpara % max. These data suggest that compared to healthy individuals, patients with cystic fibrosis can tolerate much higher levels of NRD before increases in breathlessness from baseline become clinically significant. EMGdi % max and sEMGpara % max provide physiological tools with which to elucidate factors underlying inter-individual differences in breathlessness perception. Patients with CF can tolerate higher levels of NRD before breathlessness becomes clinically significanthttp://ow.ly/Xp2q3
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Reilly
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK; King's College Hospital, Physiotherapy, London, UK
| | - Caroline J Jolley
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - John Moxham
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Gerrard F Rafferty
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dubé BP, Guerder A, Morelot-Panzini C, Laveneziana P. The clinical relevance of the emphysema-hyperinflated phenotype in COPD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40749-015-0017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
7
|
Measuring Dyspnea and Perceived Exertion in Healthy Adults and with Respiratory Disease: New Pictorial Scales. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2016; 2:17. [PMID: 26770885 PMCID: PMC4703611 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-015-0038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Dyspnea or perceived exertion during exercise is most commonly measured using Borg or visual analog scales, created for use in adults. In contrast, pictorial scales have been promoted for children due to skepticism concerning applicability of the said scales in pediatrics. We sought to validate our newly created, pictorial Dalhousie Dyspnea and Perceived Exertion Scales in adult populations and compare ratings with the Borg scale. Methods Dyspnea and perceived exertion ratings obtained with both modified Borg CR-10 and Dalhousie scales during maximal cycle exercise were compared in 24 healthy adults and 17 with various pulmonary disorders. Scale ratings for perceived exertion were plotted against work while ratings for dyspnea were plotted against ventilation using previously developed alternative models to simple power law. Goodness of fit was determined by lowest root-mean-square error or by corrected Akaike information criterion. Results Pictorial ratings of dyspnea and perceived exertion measured by both scale ratings rose as expected with increasing exercise intensity, and individual trajectories obtained by either scale were virtually superimposable in 90 % of subjects. In general, the lowest root-mean-square error or corrected Akaike information criterion was found with models which incorporated a time delay, defined as the fraction of maximum work or ventilation at which point a clear increase in ratings above resting level was reported. Conclusions The Dalhousie Dyspnea and Exertion Scales offer an equally good alternative to the Borg scale for measuring dyspnea and perceived exertion in adults.
Collapse
|