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Zheng X, Chen X, Hu X, Chen L, Mi N, Zhong Q, Wang L, Lin C, Chen Y, Lai F, Hu X, Zhang Y. Downregulated BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling causes emphysema via dysfunction of alveolar type II epithelial cells. J Pathol 2024; 262:320-333. [PMID: 38108121 DOI: 10.1002/path.6234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-Smad1/5/8 signaling plays a crucial regulatory role in lung development and adult lung homeostasis. However, it remains elusive whether BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of emphysema. In this study, we downregulated BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling by overexpressing its antagonist Noggin in adult mouse alveolar type II epithelial cells (AT2s), resulting in an emphysematous phenotype mimicking the typical pathological features of human emphysema, including distal airspace enlargement, pulmonary inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and impaired lung function. Dysregulation of BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling in AT2s leads to inflammatory destruction dominated by macrophage infiltration, associated with reduced secretion of surfactant proteins and inhibition of AT2 proliferation and differentiation. Reactivation of BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling by genetics or chemotherapy significantly attenuated the morphology and pathophysiology of emphysema and improved the lung function in Noggin-overexpressing lungs. We also found that BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling was downregulated in cigarette smoke-induced emphysema, and that enhancing its activity in AT2s prevented or even reversed emphysema in the mouse model. Our data suggest that BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling, located at the top of the signaling cascade that regulates lung homeostasis, represents a key molecular regulator of alveolar stem cell secretory and regenerative function, and could serve as a potential target for future prevention and treatment of pulmonary emphysema. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Lidan Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Nana Mi
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhong
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Linfang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Chensheng Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Fancai Lai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Yanding Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
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Lin X, Sha Z, Trimpert J, Kunec D, Jiang C, Xiong Y, Xu B, Zhu Z, Xue W, Wu H. The NSP4 T492I mutation increases SARS-CoV-2 infectivity by altering non-structural protein cleavage. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1170-1184.e7. [PMID: 37402373 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The historically dominant SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant and the currently dominant Omicron variants carry a T492I substitution within the non-structural protein 4 (NSP4). Based on in silico analyses, we hypothesized that the T492I mutation increases viral transmissibility and adaptability, which we confirmed with competition experiments in hamster and human airway tissue culture models. Furthermore, we showed that the T492I mutation increases the replication capacity and infectiveness of the virus and improves its ability to evade host immune responses. Mechanistically, the T492I mutation increases the cleavage efficiency of the viral main protease NSP5 by enhancing enzyme-substrate binding, which increases production of nearly all non-structural proteins processed by NSP5. Importantly, the T492I mutation suppresses viral-RNA-associated chemokine production in monocytic macrophages, which may contribute to the attenuated pathogenicity of Omicron variants. Our results highlight the importance of NSP4 adaptation in the evolutionary dynamics of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, No.55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China; Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 7, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhou Sha
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, No.55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jakob Trimpert
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 7, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dusan Kunec
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 7, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, No.55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, No.55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Binbin Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, No.55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhenglin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, No.55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Weiwei Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, No.55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Haibo Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, No.55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Volume-Associated Clinical and Histopathological Effects of Intranasal Instillation in Syrian Hamsters: Considerations for Infection and Therapeutic Studies. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080898. [PMID: 36015019 PMCID: PMC9413582 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Syrian hamsters are a key animal model of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses and are useful for the evaluation of associated medical countermeasures. Delivery of an infectious agent or intervention to the respiratory tract mirrors natural routes of exposure and allows for the evaluation of clinically relevant therapeutic administration. The data to support instillation or inoculation volumes are important both for optimal experimental design and to minimize or avoid effects of diluent alone, which may compromise both data interpretation and animal welfare. Here we investigate four intranasal (IN) instillation volumes in hamsters (50, 100, 200, or 400 µL). The animals were monitored daily, and a subset were serially euthanized at one of four pre-determined time-points (1, 3, 7, and 14 days post-instillation). Weight, temperature, oxygen saturation, CBC, radiographs, and respiratory tissue histopathology were assessed to determine changes associated with instillation volume alone. With all the delivery volumes, we found no notable differences between instilled and non-instilled controls in all of the parameters assessed, except for histopathology. In the animals instilled with 200 or 400 µL, inflammation associated with foreign material was detected in the lower respiratory tract indicating that higher volumes may result in aspiration of nasal and/or oropharyngeal material in a subset of animals, resulting in IN instillation-associated histopathology.
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Marchand E, d'Odemont JP, Dupont MV. A Patient with GOLD Stage 3 COPD « cured » by One-Way Endobronchial Valves. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2019; 55:medicina55030065. [PMID: 30862115 PMCID: PMC6473594 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung hyperinflation is a main determinant of dyspnoea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Surgical or bronchoscopic lung volume reduction are the most efficient therapeutic approaches for reducing hyperinflation in selected patients with emphysema. We here report the case of a 69-year old woman with COPD (GOLD stage 3-D) referred for lung volume reduction. She complained of persistent disabling dyspnoea despite appropriate therapy. Chest imaging showed marked emphysema heterogeneity as well as severe hyperinflation of the right lower lobe. She was deemed to be a good candidate for bronchoscopic treatment with one-way endobronchial valves. In the absence of interlobar collateral ventilation, 2 endobronchial valves were placed in the right lower lobe under general anaesthesia. The improvement observed 1 and 3 months after the procedure was such that the patient no longer met the pulmonary function criteria for COPD. The benefit persisted after 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Marchand
- CHU-UCL-Namur, site Godinne, Université catholique de Louvain, Department of Pneumology, Institut de recherche expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Av Dr Therasse 1, Yvoir, BE 5530, Belgium.
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Respiratoire, URPhyM, NARILIS, Faculté de Médecine, UNamur. Rue de Bruxelles, 61, Namur, BE 5000, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Paul d'Odemont
- CHU-UCL-Namur, site Godinne, Université catholique de Louvain, Department of Pneumology, Av Dr Therasse 1, Yvoir - BELGIUM, BE 5530, Belgium.
| | - Michael V Dupont
- CHU-UCL-Namur, site Godinne, Department of Radiology, Av Dr Therasse 1, Yvoir , BE 5530, Belgium.
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Vanoirbeek JAJ, Rinaldi M, De Vooght V, Haenen S, Bobic S, Gayan-Ramirez G, Hoet PHM, Verbeken E, Decramer M, Nemery B, Janssens W. Noninvasive and invasive pulmonary function in mouse models of obstructive and restrictive respiratory diseases. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 42:96-104. [PMID: 19346316 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0487oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary function analysis is an important tool in the evaluation of mouse respiratory disease models, but much controversy still exists on the validity of some tests. Most commonly used pulmonary function variables of humans are not routinely applied in mice, and the question of which pulmonary function is optimal for the monitoring of a particular disease model remains largely unanswered. Our study aimed to delineate the potential and restrictions of existing pulmonary function techniques in different respiratory disease models, and to determine some common variables between humans and mice. A noninvasive (unrestrained plethysmography) and two invasive pulmonary function devices (forced maneuvers system from Buxco Research Systems [Wilmington, NC] and forced oscillation technique from SCIREQ [Montreal, PQ, Canada]) were evaluated in well-established models of asthma (protein and chemical induced): a model of elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema, and a model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In contrast to noninvasive tests, both invasive techniques were efficacious for the quantification of parenchymal disease via changes in functional residual capacity, total lung capacity, vital capacity, and compliance of the respiratory system. Airflow obstruction and airflow limitation at baseline were only present in emphysema, but could be significantly induced after methacholine challenge in mice with asthma, which correlated best with an increase of respiratory resistance. Invasive pulmonary functions allow distinction between respiratory diseases in mice by clinically relevant variables, and should become standard in the functional evaluation of pathological disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen A J Vanoirbeek
- Lung Toxicology Research Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 706, Leuven, Belgium.
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Borzone G, Liberona L, Olmos P, Sáez C, Meneses M, Reyes T, Moreno R, Lisboa C. Rat and hamster species differences in susceptibility to elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema relate to differences in elastase inhibitory capacity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 293:R1342-9. [PMID: 17634200 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00343.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Syrian Golden hamsters develop severe emphysema after a single intratracheal dose of elastase, whereas Sprague-Dawley rats exhibit mild emphysema with the same dose per kilogram body weight. We hypothesized that the development of severe emphysema is prevented in rats by the high serum level of α1-antitrypsin reported in rats, compared with hamsters, which provides for a high lung elastase inhibitory capacity (EIC). To explore this possibility, we challenged the antiprotease system of the rats by treating them with three similar weekly doses of elastase. Four months after treatment, we evaluated changes in histology, volume, and elastic properties of rat lungs and compared them with those of hamsters receiving a single dose of elastase. We also measured serum α1-antitrypsin levels and serum and lung EIC in control rats and hamsters. Results showed that, in association with 40% less serum and lung EIC compared with rats ( P < 0.001), hamster lungs had upper-lobe bullae formation, severe microscopic emphysema, a fourfold increase in lung volume ( P < 0.01) and a threefold increase in constant k, an index of compliance, of the lung deflation pressure-volume curve ( P < 0.01). In contrast, rats developed mild emphysema, with only 50% increase in volume ( P < 0.05) and 60% increase in constant k ( P < 0.01). In conclusion, two species that differ in serum and lung EIC exhibit significant differences in emphysema development after elastase. Rats with high EIC, despite receiving three doses of elastase, showed significantly less derangement of morphological and physiological parameters than hamsters with low EIC receiving a single dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisella Borzone
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 352, piso1, Santiago, Chile.
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