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Dabaghi M, Carpio MB, Saraei N, Moran-Mirabal JM, Kolb MR, Hirota JA. A roadmap for developing and engineering in vitro pulmonary fibrosis models. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:021302. [PMID: 38510343 PMCID: PMC10903385 DOI: 10.1063/5.0134177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a severe form of pulmonary fibrosis. IPF is a fatal disease with no cure and is challenging to diagnose. Unfortunately, due to the elusive etiology of IPF and a late diagnosis, there are no cures for IPF. Two FDA-approved drugs for IPF, nintedanib and pirfenidone, slow the progression of the disease, yet fail to cure or reverse it. Furthermore, most animal models have been unable to completely recapitulate the physiology of human IPF, resulting in the failure of many drug candidates in preclinical studies. In the last few decades, the development of new IPF drugs focused on changes at the cellular level, as it was believed that the cells were the main players in IPF development and progression. However, recent studies have shed light on the critical role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in IPF development, where the ECM communicates with cells and initiates a positive feedback loop to promote fibrotic processes. Stemming from this shift in the understanding of fibrosis, there is a need to develop in vitro model systems that mimic the human lung microenvironment to better understand how biochemical and biomechanical cues drive fibrotic processes in IPF. However, current in vitro cell culture platforms, which may include substrates with different stiffness or natural hydrogels, have shortcomings in recapitulating the complexity of fibrosis. This review aims to draw a roadmap for developing advanced in vitro pulmonary fibrosis models, which can be leveraged to understand better different mechanisms involved in IPF and develop drug candidates with improved efficacy. We begin with a brief overview defining pulmonary fibrosis and highlight the importance of ECM components in the disease progression. We focus on fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the context of ECM biology and fibrotic processes, as most conventional advanced in vitro models of pulmonary fibrosis use these cell types. We transition to discussing the parameters of the 3D microenvironment that are relevant in pulmonary fibrosis progression. Finally, the review ends by summarizing the state of the art in the field and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadhossein Dabaghi
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health—Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Mabel Barreiro Carpio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Arthur N. Bourns Science Building, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Neda Saraei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Engineering Technology Building, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | | | - Martin R. Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health—Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
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McCarthy C, Keane MP. Contemporary Concise Review 2021: Interstitial lung disease. Respirology 2022; 27:539-548. [PMID: 35513341 PMCID: PMC9320947 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The last 2 years have presented previously unforeseen challenges in pulmonary medicine. Despite the significant impact of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic on patients, clinicians and communities, advances in the care and understanding of interstitial lung disease (ILD) continued unabated. Recent studies have led to improved guidelines, better understanding of the role for antifibrotics in fibrosing ILDs, prognostic indicators and novel biomarkers. In this concise contemporary review, we summarize many of the important studies published in 2021, highlighting their relevance and impact to the management and knowledge of ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac McCarthy
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael P Keane
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Henrot P, Beaufils F, Thumerel M, Eyraud E, Boudoussier A, Begueret H, Maurat E, Girodet PO, Marthan R, Berger P, Dupin I, Zysman M. Circulating fibrocytes as a new tool to predict lung cancer progression after surgery? Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.01221-2021. [PMID: 34561289 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01221-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Henrot
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France.,Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U 1045 & CIC 1401, Pessac, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital du Haut-Lévêque, Services des Maladies Respiratoires, Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Anatomopathologie & Chirurgie Thoracique, Pessac, France.,co-first authors
| | - Fabien Beaufils
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France.,Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U 1045 & CIC 1401, Pessac, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital du Haut-Lévêque, Services des Maladies Respiratoires, Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Anatomopathologie & Chirurgie Thoracique, Pessac, France.,co-first authors
| | - Matthieu Thumerel
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France.,Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U 1045 & CIC 1401, Pessac, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital du Haut-Lévêque, Services des Maladies Respiratoires, Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Anatomopathologie & Chirurgie Thoracique, Pessac, France.,co-first authors
| | - Edmée Eyraud
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France.,Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U 1045 & CIC 1401, Pessac, France
| | - Augustin Boudoussier
- CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital du Haut-Lévêque, Services des Maladies Respiratoires, Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Anatomopathologie & Chirurgie Thoracique, Pessac, France
| | - Hugues Begueret
- CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital du Haut-Lévêque, Services des Maladies Respiratoires, Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Anatomopathologie & Chirurgie Thoracique, Pessac, France
| | - Elise Maurat
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France.,Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U 1045 & CIC 1401, Pessac, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Girodet
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France.,Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U 1045 & CIC 1401, Pessac, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital du Haut-Lévêque, Services des Maladies Respiratoires, Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Anatomopathologie & Chirurgie Thoracique, Pessac, France
| | - Roger Marthan
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France.,Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U 1045 & CIC 1401, Pessac, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital du Haut-Lévêque, Services des Maladies Respiratoires, Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Anatomopathologie & Chirurgie Thoracique, Pessac, France
| | - Patrick Berger
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France.,Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U 1045 & CIC 1401, Pessac, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital du Haut-Lévêque, Services des Maladies Respiratoires, Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Anatomopathologie & Chirurgie Thoracique, Pessac, France
| | - Isabelle Dupin
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France.,Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U 1045 & CIC 1401, Pessac, France
| | - Maéva Zysman
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France .,Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U 1045 & CIC 1401, Pessac, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital du Haut-Lévêque, Services des Maladies Respiratoires, Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Anatomopathologie & Chirurgie Thoracique, Pessac, France
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