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Zhu H, Zhou X, Ju R, Leng J, Tian J, Qu S, Tao S, Lyu Y, Zhang N. Challenges in clinical practice, biological mechanism and prospects of physical ablation therapy for COPD. Life Sci 2024; 349:122718. [PMID: 38754815 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is projected to become the third leading cause of death globally by 2030. Despite the limited treatment options available for advanced COPD, which are mostly restricted to costly lung transplants, physical ablation therapy offers promising alternatives. This technique focuses on ablating lesioned airway epithelium, reducing secretions and obstructions, and promoting normal epithelial regeneration, demonstrating significant therapeutic potential. Physical ablation therapy primarily involves thermal steam ablation, cryoablation, targeted lung denervation, and high-voltage pulsed electric field ablation. These methods help transform the hypersecretory phenotype, alleviate airway inflammation, and decrease the volume of emphysematous lung segments by targeting goblet cells and damaged lung areas. Compared to traditional treatments, endoscopic physical ablation offers fewer injuries, quicker recovery, and enhanced safety. However, its application in COPD remains limited due to inconsistent clinical outcomes, a lack of well-understood mechanisms, and the absence of standardized guidelines. This review begins by exploring the development of these ablation techniques and their current clinical uses in COPD treatment. It then delves into the therapeutic effects reported in recent clinical studies and discusses the underlying mechanisms. Finally, the review assesses the future prospects and challenges of employing ablation technology in COPD clinical practice, aiming to provide a practical reference and a theoretical basis for its use and inspire further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Zhu
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ran Ju
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jing Leng
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jiawei Tian
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shenao Qu
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Shiran Tao
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yi Lyu
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Nana Zhang
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Qiu S, Zhou G, Ke J, Zhou J, Zhang H, Jin Z, Xie W, Huang S, He Z, Qin H, Huang H, Li Q, Huang H, Tang H, Liang Y, Duan M. Impairment of Gal-9 and Tim-3 crosstalk between Tregs and Th17 cells drives tobacco smoke-induced airway inflammation. Immunology 2024. [PMID: 38829009 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) on T cells has been observed in smokers. However, whether and how galectin-9 (Gal-9)/TIM-3 signal between T-regulatory cells (Tregs) and type 17 helper (Th17) cells contributes to tobacco smoke-induced airway inflammation remains unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the role of the Gal-9/TIM-3 signal between Tregs and Th17 cells during chronic tobacco smoke exposure. Tregs phenotype and the expression of TIM-3 on CD4+ T cells were detected in a mouse model of experimental emphysema. The role of TIM-3 in CD4+ T cells was explored in a HAVCR2-/- mouse model and in mice that received recombinant anti-TIM3. The crosstalk between Gal-9 and Tim-3 was evaluated by coculture Tregs with effector CD4+ T cells. We also invested the expression of Gal-9 in Tregs in patients with COPD. Our study revealed that chronic tobacco smoke exposure significantly reduces the frequency of Tregs in the lungs of mice and remarkably shapes the heterogeneity of Tregs by downregulating the expression of Gal-9. We observed a pro-inflammatory but restrained phenotypic transition of CD4+ T cells after tobacco smoke exposure, which was maintained by TIM-3. The restrained phenotype of CD4+ T cells was perturbed when TIM-3 was deleted or neutralised. Tregs from the lungs of mice with emphysema displayed a blunt ability to inhibit the differentiation and proliferation of Th17 cells. The inhibitory function of Tregs was partially restored by using recombinant Gal-9. The interaction between Gal-9 and TIM-3 inhibits the differentiation of Th17 cells and promotes apoptosis of CD4+ T cells, possibly by interfering with the expression of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t. The expression of Gal-9 in Tregs was reduced in patients with COPD, which was associated with Th17 response and lung function. These findings present a new paradigm that impairment of Gal-9/Tim-3 crosstalk between Tregs and Th17 cells during chronic tobacco smoke exposure promotes tobacco smoke-induced airway/lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guang Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Junyi Ke
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianpeng Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhitao Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenli Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shu Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zaiqin He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Huajiao Qin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiuming Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongchun Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haijuan Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Minchao Duan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Pang X, Liu X. Immune Dysregulation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:652-694. [PMID: 38573590 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2334296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease whose incidence increase with age and is characterised by chronic inflammation and significant immune dysregulation. Inhalation of toxic substances cause oxidative stress in the lung tissue as well as airway inflammation, under the recruitment of chemokines, immune cells gathered and are activated to play a defensive role. However, persistent inflammation damages the immune system and leads to immune dysregulation, which is mainly manifested in the reduction of the body's immune response to antigens, and immune cells function are impaired, further destroy the respiratory defensive system, leading to recurrent lower respiratory infections and progressive exacerbation of the disease, thus immune dysregulation play an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD. This review summarizes the changes of innate and adaptive immune-related cells during the pathogenesis of COPD, aiming to control COPD airway inflammation and improve lung tissue remodelling by regulating immune dysregulation, for further reducing the risk of COPD progression and opening new avenues of therapeutic intervention in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Pang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoju Liu
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Higham A, Beech A, Singh D. Exhaled nitric oxide levels in COPD patients who use electronic cigarettes. Nitric Oxide 2024; 145:57-59. [PMID: 38428515 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Emerging data from clinical studies have shown pro-inflammatory effects associated with e-cigarette use. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a biomarker of pulmonary type 2 (T2) inflammation. The effect of chronic e-cigarette use on FeNO is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare FeNO levels in COPD ex-smokers who use e-cigarettes (COPDE + e-cig) to COPDE ex-smokers (COPDE) and COPD current smokers (COPDS). FeNO levels were significantly higher in COPDE + e-cig (median 16.2 ppb) and COPDE (median 18.0 ppb) compared to COPDS (median 7.6 ppb) (p = 0.0003 and p < 0.0001 respectively). There was no difference in FeNO levels between COPDE + e-cig compared to COPDE (p > 0.9). The importance of our results is that electronic cigarette use does not alter the interpretation of FeNO results, and so does not interfere with the use of FeNO as a practical biomarker of T2 inflammation, unlike current cigarette smoking in COPD. Whilst the effect of electronic cigarette use on FeNO levels is not the same as cigarette smoke, this cannot be taken as evidence that electronic cigarettes are harmless. These differential pulmonary effects can be attributed to differences in the chemical composition of the two products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Higham
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Augusta Beech
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Medicines Evaluation Unit, The Langley Building, Southmoor Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Dave Singh
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Medicines Evaluation Unit, The Langley Building, Southmoor Road, Manchester, UK
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Melani AS, Croce S, Fabbri G, Messina M, Bargagli E. Inhaled Corticosteroids in Subjects with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Old, Unfinished History. Biomolecules 2024; 14:195. [PMID: 38397432 PMCID: PMC10887366 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the major causes of disability and death. Maintenance use of inhaled bronchodilator(s) is the cornerstone of COPD pharmacological therapy, but inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are also commonly used. This narrative paper reviews the role of ICSs as maintenance treatment in combination with bronchodilators, usually in a single inhaler, in stable COPD subjects. The guidelines strongly recommend the addition of an ICS in COPD subjects with a history of concomitant asthma or as a step-up on the top of dual bronchodilators in the presence of hospitalization for exacerbation or at least two moderate exacerbations per year plus high blood eosinophil counts (≥300/mcl). This indication would only involve some COPD subjects. In contrast, in real life, triple inhaled therapy is largely used in COPD, independently of symptoms and in the presence of exacerbations. We will discuss the results of recent randomized controlled trials that found reduced all-cause mortality with triple inhaled therapy compared with dual inhaled long-acting bronchodilator therapy. ICS use is frequently associated with common local adverse events, such as dysphonia, oral candidiasis, and increased risk of pneumonia. Other side effects, such as systemic toxicity and unfavorable changes in the lung microbiome, are suspected mainly at higher doses of ICS in elderly COPD subjects with comorbidities, even if not fully demonstrated. We conclude that, contrary to real life, the use of ICS should be carefully evaluated in stable COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S. Melani
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.C.); (G.F.); (M.M.); (E.B.)
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Nair P. Eosinophils and therapeutic responses to steroids and biologics in COPD: a complex relationship. J Bras Pneumol 2023; 49:e20230360. [PMID: 38126684 PMCID: PMC10760421 DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20230360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Parameswaran Nair
- . Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare & McMaster University, Hamilton (ON) Canada
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