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Salvati L, Palterer B, Lazzeri E, Vivarelli E, Amendola M, Allinovi M, Caroti L, Mazzoni A, Lasagni L, Emmi G, Cavigli E, Del Carria M, Di Pietro L, Scavone M, Cammelli D, Lavorini F, Tomassetti S, Rosi E, Parronchi P. Presentation and progression of MPO-ANCA interstitial lung disease. J Transl Autoimmun 2024; 8:100235. [PMID: 38445024 PMCID: PMC10912625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2024.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) has been well established. Pulmonary fibrosis may coexist with, follow, or even precede the diagnosis of AAV, and its presence adversely affects the prognosis. The optimal approach to investigating ANCA in patients with ILD remains a subject of ongoing debate. Here we aim to describe presentation and progression of MPO-ANCA ILD. We conducted a retrospective evaluation of a cohort of individuals diagnosed with MPO-ANCA ILD, with or without accompanying renal impairment, at the Immunology and Cell Therapy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy, between June 2016 and June 2022. Clinical records, imaging studies, pathologic examinations, and laboratory test results were collected. Among the 14 patients identified with MPO-ANCA ILD, we observed a significant association between MPO-ANCA titers assessed at the time of ILD diagnosis and renal involvement. Renal impairment in these cases often manifested as subclinical or slowly progressive kidney damage. Interestingly, complement C3 deposits were consistently found in all renal biopsy specimens, thereby suggesting the potential for novel therapeutic targets in managing renal complications associated with MPO-ANCA ILD. The presentation of MPO-ANCA vasculitis as ILD can be the first and only clinical manifestation. MPO-ANCA levels at ILD diagnosis could warn on the progression to renal involvement in patients with MPO-ANCA ILD, hence caution is needed because renal disease can be subclinical or smoldering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Salvati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Boaz Palterer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Lazzeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuele Vivarelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marina Amendola
- Pneumology and Intensive Care Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Allinovi
- Nephrology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Caroti
- Nephrology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Flow Cytometry Diagnostic Center and Immunotherapy, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Lasagni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giacomo Emmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Edoardo Cavigli
- Department of Emergency Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Del Carria
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Linda Di Pietro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mariangela Scavone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Cammelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Lavorini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Pneumology and Intensive Care Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Tomassetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Interventional Pulmonology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rosi
- Pneumology and Intensive Care Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Parronchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Immunology and Cell Therapy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Lee YJ, Kim HC, Ahn SM, Oh JS, Kim YG, Lee CK, Yoo B, Hong S. Progression to ANCA-associated vasculitis in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and positive ANCA. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2024; 68:152484. [PMID: 38870566 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the development of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and its risk factors in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) and positive ANCA results. METHODS Data of patients diagnosed with IIP with positive ANCA results at a single tertiary center in South Korea were retrospectively reviewed from January 2013 to August 2023. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify variables associated with AAV occurrence following IIP diagnosis. Kaplan-Meier curves were employed to investigate the relationship between autoantibodies and the occurrence of AAV. RESULTS In a cohort of 154 IIP-diagnosed patients with positive ANCA results but without AAV, 10.4 % of them eventually developed AAV. The AAV and non-AAV groups did not significantly differ by sex, age, smoking status, urinalysis, or chest computed tomography findings. All the patients who subsequently developed AAV were anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) positive, while 48.8 % of the non-AAV patients were anti-MPO positive (P < 0.001). Rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity differed significantly (62.5 % vs. 29.2 %, P = 0.007) between the AAV and non-AAV groups. Multivariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed RF (HR 4.02; P = 0.004) and anti-MPO (HR 38.10; P < 0.001) positivity as risk factors associated with AAV occurrence. CONCLUSION Approximately 10 % of ANCA-positive IIP patients developed AAV after an IIP diagnosis. Anti-MPO or co-occurring positive RF poses a significant risk for subsequent AAV occurrence. This emphasizes the importance of careful monitoring in patients with high-risk antibody profiles, even if the complete features of AAV are not present at IIP diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Jin Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Cheol Kim
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Min Ahn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Seon Oh
- Department of Information Medicine, Big Data Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Gil Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Keun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Yoo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokchan Hong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Shen HC, Bui KTA, Richard R, Toban N, Lévesque M, Meunier RS, Ross C, Makhzoum JP. Comparison of Interstitial Lung Disease Between Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies Positive and Negative Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. ACR Open Rheumatol 2024. [PMID: 38733262 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) may occur in the setting of interstitial lung disease (ILD), with or without ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). We aim to compare the characteristics and clinical course of patients with ILD and positive ANCA (ANCA-ILD) to those with negative ANCA. METHODS We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study from 2018 to 2021. All patients with ILD and ANCA testing were included. Patient characteristics (symptoms, dyspnea scale, and systemic AAV), test results (pulmonary high-resolution computed tomography and pulmonary function tests), and adverse events were collected from electronic medical records. Descriptive statistics and the Fisher exact test were used to compare the outcomes of patients with ANCA-ILD to those with ILD and negative ANCA. RESULTS A total of 265 patients with ILD were included. The mean follow-up duration was 69.3 months, 26 patients (9.8%) were ANCA positive, and 69.2% of those with ANCA-ILD had another autoantibody. AAV occurred in 17 patients (65.4%) with ANCA-ILD. In 29.4% of patients, AAV developed following ILD diagnosis. Usual interstitial pneumonia was the most common radiologic pattern in patients with ANCA-ILD. There was no association between ANCA status and the evolution of dyspnea, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide, and lung imaging. Forced vital capacity improved over time in 42% of patients with ANCA-ILD and in 17% of patients with negative ANCA (P = 0.006). Hospitalization occurred in 46.2% of patients with ANCA-ILD and in 21.8% of patients with negative ANCA (P = 0.006). Both groups had similar mortality rates. CONCLUSION Routine ANCA testing should be considered in patients with ILD. Patients with ANCA-ILD are at risk for AAV. More research is required to better understand and manage patients with ANCA-ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng Shen
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Rachel Richard
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nader Toban
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marianne Lévesque
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Carolyn Ross
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Makhzoum
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Martin de Frémont G, Hourseau M, Rouger M, Papo T, Goulenok T. Unusual histological evidence or anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:e160-e161. [PMID: 38216761 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Murielle Hourseau
- Anatomical Pathology Department, Bichat Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Margaux Rouger
- Internal Medicine Department, Bichat Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Papo
- Internal Medicine Department, Bichat Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Tiphaine Goulenok
- Internal Medicine Department, Bichat Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Anzai H, Suzuki Y, Ueno M, Asakawa S, Nagura M, Arai S, Yamazaki O, Tamura Y, Ohashi R, Shibata S, Fujigaki Y. Slowly Progressive ANCA-associated Glomerulonephritis with Strong Mesangial MPO Deposits Following a Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease. Intern Med 2024; 63:1253-1260. [PMID: 37722892 PMCID: PMC11116029 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2512-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
An elderly woman showed positive conversion of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) following the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and glomerular hematuria and subsequently experienced slowly progressive glomerulonephritis. A kidney biopsy revealed chronic damage and necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis with mesangial MPO deposits. After corticosteroid treatment, the patient's urinalysis results and MPO-ANCA titers almost normalized and her renal function stabilized. This case is similar to recently reported cases of slowly progressive ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. ILD likely triggered the production of MPO-ANCAs, and the accumulation of MPO deposits in the glomeruli may have contributed to the progression of her renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Anzai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Asakawa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Michito Nagura
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Arai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamazaki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshifuru Tamura
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ohashi
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Fujigaki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan
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Zhu W, Zhou C, Sun X, Xue P, Li Z, Zhang W, Zhao J, Zhang T, Peng M, Shi J, Wang C. Interstitial lung diseases associated with ANCA positivity: A different disease spectrum from interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features. Respir Med Res 2024; 86:101111. [PMID: 38851036 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2024.101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) is a type of autoantibodies associated with vasculitis. ANCA positivity is commonly observed in interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients. 7%-10% of ANCA-positive ILD patients don't present any symptoms of systemic vasculitis and are termed ANCA-positive idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (ANCA-IIP). Some researchers propose that ANCA-IIP should be categorized as interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF), although the official ATS/ERS statements exclude ANCA-IIP from this classification. Whether ANCA-IIP should be categorized into the entity of IPAF is still debatable. METHODS Patients diagnosed with ANCA-IIP and those with IPAF were analyzed in a retrospective study of ILD. The clinical outcomes were determined through pulmonary function tests (PFTs) after a one-year follow-up, as well as assessing all-cause mortality. RESULTS 27 patients with ANCA-IIP and 143 patients with IPAF were analyzed from a cohort of 995 patients with ILD. Patients in the ANCA-IIP group had an older age and a high proportion of males compared to those in the IPAF group. PFT results at baseline were similar between the two groups, except for a better FEV1% in the ANCA-IIP group. Glucocorticoid and immunosuppressive therapy improved pulmonary function in patients with IPAF, but it continued to deteriorate after one year of treatment in the ANCA-IIP group. Furthermore, the all-cause mortality rate was significantly higher in the ANCA-IIP group than in the IPAF group (22.2% vs. 6.3%, P = 0.017). CONCLUSION The responses to glucocorticoid and immunosuppressive therapy differ between the ANCA-IIP and IPAF groups, leading to divergent prognoses. Therefore, it is inappropriate to classify ANCA-IIP as part of IPAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing China
| | - Chunsheng Zhou
- 4+4 Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing China
| | - Peijun Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing China
| | - Zongru Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing China
| | - Weihong Zhang
- Department of Imaging, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuliang Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing China
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing China
| | - Juhong Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing China.
| | - Chen Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing China
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Furuta S, Nakagomi D, Kobayashi Y, Hiraguri M, Sugiyama T, Amano K, Umibe T, Kono H, Kurasawa K, Kita Y, Matsumura R, Kaneko Y, Ninagawa K, Hiromura K, Kagami SI, Inaba Y, Hanaoka H, Ikeda K, Nakajima H. Reduced-dose versus high-dose glucocorticoids added to rituximab on remission induction in ANCA-associated vasculitis: predefined 2-year follow-up study. Ann Rheum Dis 2024; 83:96-102. [PMID: 37734880 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The LoVAS trial reported non-inferiority in remission induction rates between the reduced-dose and conventional high-dose glucocorticoid regimens plus rituximab for antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis at 6 months; however, maintenance glucocorticoid requirements and long-term outcomes are unknown. METHODS A total of 140 patients with new-onset ANCA-associated vasculitis without severe glomerulonephritis or alveolar haemorrhage were randomised to receive reduced-dose prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg/day) plus rituximab (375 mg/m2/week×4) or high-dose prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) plus rituximab. After achieving remission, patients received the rituximab maintenance therapy (1 g/6 months). RESULTS A total of 134 patients were analysed. Among patients who achieved remission with the protocolised treatments, the majority of patients in the reduced-dose group (89.7%) and 15.5% in the high-dose group discontinued prednisolone (median time to withdrawal, 150 and 375 days, respectively). During 24-month trial period, two patients in the reduced-dose group (2.8%) died, while five patients in the high-dose group (7.6%) died (p=0.225). Relapse occurred in nine patients in the reduced-dose group (13.0%) (two major and seven minor) and five in the high-dose group (7.6%) (two major and three minor) (p=0.311). Serious adverse events (SAEs) were less frequent in the reduced-dose group (36 events in 19 patients, 27.5%) than in the high-dose group (54 events in 30 patients, 46.2%) (p=0.025). CONCLUSION At 24 months, frequencies of relapse did not differ between the groups, and SAEs were less frequent in the reduced-dose group due to the lower event rate in the 6-month induction phase. The bias to myeloperoxidase-ANCA positivity (85.8%) in the trial population should be noted. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02198248.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Furuta
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daiki Nakagomi
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chiba Aoba Municipal Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Hiraguri
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Center, Japanese Red Cross Narita Hospital, Narita, Japan
| | - Takao Sugiyama
- Department of Rheumatology, Shimoshizu Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Yotsukaido, Japan
| | - Koichi Amano
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Saitama Medical Centre, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Takeshi Umibe
- Department of Rheumatology, Matsudo City General Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Hajime Kono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kurasawa
- Department of Rheumatology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kita
- Department of Rheumatology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohoma, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Matsumura
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Chiba-East Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuko Kaneko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Ninagawa
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keiju Hiromura
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kagami
- Research Center for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asahi General Hospital, Asahi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Inaba
- Clinical Research Centre, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Hanaoka
- Clinical Research Centre, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Chiba University Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development (cSIMVa), Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kei Ikeda
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Chiba University Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development (cSIMVa), Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Fujisaki M, Higuchi T, Konda N, Hirahara S, Watanabe K, Yamada R, Motoyama R, Yamaguchi R, Katsumata Y, Kawaguchi Y, Harigai M. Development of microscopic polyangiitis following idiopathic pleuroparenchymal l fibroelastosis: A case report. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep 2023; 8:141-144. [PMID: 37307430 DOI: 10.1093/mrcr/rxad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, which is characterised by pleural fibrosis and subjacent parenchymal fibroelastosis of the upper lobes. Herein, we present a case of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) following PPFE. The patient had abnormal shadows on chest radiographs 15 years before the onset of MPA, and the patient was diagnosed with PPFE. Four years after the PPFE diagnosis, the patient was diagnosed with MPA based on persistent fever, purpura, mononeuritis multiplex, myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity, and pathological findings of peritubular capillaritis on kidney biopsy. The patient was treated with glucocorticoids, including methylprednisolone pulse therapy and rituximab, followed by maintenance therapy with rituximab. One year after treatment, the PPFE had not worsened. PPFE occasionally occurs secondary to connective tissue disease, including MPA; however, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of PPFE preceding MPA. Our case suggests that PPFE, as other interstitial lung diseases, may be associated with MPA and precede the onset of MPA. The accumulation of more cases is needed to clarify the characteristics of MPA-associated PPFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Fujisaki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Higuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Multidisciplinary Management of Rheumatic Diseases, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Konda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Hirahara
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Watanabe
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Yamada
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Motoyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Yamaguchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Katsumata
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Harigai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Odler B, Windpessl M, Eller K, Säemann MD, Lhotta K, Neumann I, Öberseder G, Duftner C, Dejaco C, Rudnicki M, Gauckler P, Hintenberger R, Zwerina J, Thiel J, Kronbichler A. [Diagnosis and therapy of granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis-2023: consensus of the Austrian society of nephrology (ÖGN) and Austrian society of rheumatology (ÖGR)]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2023; 135:656-674. [PMID: 37728651 PMCID: PMC10511611 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV) are rare, complex systemic diseases that are often difficult to diagnose, because of unspecific clinical symptoms at presentation. However, the clinical course may be very dramatic and even life-threatening, necessitating prompt diagnosis and treatment.Therefore, it is important to increase disease awareness among physicians and support colleagues who are not confronted with these rare diseases on a regular basis. Here, the Austrian Society of Nephrology (ÖGN) and the Austrian Society of Rheumatology (ÖGR) provide a joint consensus on how to best diagnose and manage patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs Odler
- Klinische Abteilung für Nephrologie, Abteilung für Innere Medizin III (Nephrologie, Dialyse und Hypertensiologie), Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich
| | - Martin Windpessl
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin IV, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels, Österreich
- Medizinische Fakultät, JKU, Linz, Österreich
| | - Kathrin Eller
- Klinische Abteilung für Nephrologie, Abteilung für Innere Medizin III (Nephrologie, Dialyse und Hypertensiologie), Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich
| | - Marcus D Säemann
- 6. Medizinische Abteilung mit Nephrologie & Dialyse, Klinik Ottakring, Wien, Österreich
- Medizinische Fakultät, SFU, Wien, Österreich
| | - Karl Lhotta
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin III (Nephrologie, Dialyse und Hypertensiologie), Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Österreich
| | - Irmgard Neumann
- Vasculitis.at, Wien, Österreich
- Immunologiezentrum Zürich (IZZ), Zürich, Schweiz
| | | | - Christina Duftner
- Department Innere Medizin II, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | | | - Michael Rudnicki
- Department Innere Medizin IV (Nephrologie und Hypertensiologie), Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Philipp Gauckler
- Department Innere Medizin IV (Nephrologie und Hypertensiologie), Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Rainer Hintenberger
- Abteilung Innere Medizin 2 (Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Nephrologie, Rheumatologie), JKU, Linz, Österreich
| | - Jochen Zwerina
- 1. Medizinische Abteilung, Hanusch Krankenhaus, Wien, Österreich
| | - Jens Thiel
- Klinische Abteilung für Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Bereich Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich
| | - Andreas Kronbichler
- Department Innere Medizin IV (Nephrologie und Hypertensiologie), Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich.
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10
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Sweis JJG, Sweis NWG, Alnaimat F, Jansz J, Liao TWE, Alsakaty A, Azam A, Elmergawy H, Hanson HA, Ascoli C, Rubinstein I, Sweiss N. Immune-mediated lung diseases: A narrative review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1160755. [PMID: 37089604 PMCID: PMC10117988 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1160755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of immunity in the pathogenesis of various pulmonary diseases, particularly interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), is being increasingly appreciated as mechanistic discoveries advance our knowledge in the field. Immune-mediated lung diseases demonstrate clinical and immunological heterogeneity and can be etiologically categorized into connective tissue disease (CTD)-associated, exposure-related, idiopathic, and other miscellaneous lung diseases including sarcoidosis, and post-lung transplant ILD. The immunopathogenesis of many of these diseases remains poorly defined and possibly involves either immune dysregulation, abnormal healing, chronic inflammation, or a combination of these, often in a background of genetic susceptibility. The heterogeneity and complex immunopathogenesis of ILDs complicate management, and thus a collaborative treatment team should work toward an individualized approach to address the unique needs of each patient. Current management of immune-mediated lung diseases is challenging; the choice of therapy is etiology-driven and includes corticosteroids, immunomodulatory drugs such as methotrexate, cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate mofetil, rituximab, or other measures such as discontinuation or avoidance of the inciting agent in exposure-related ILDs. Antifibrotic therapy is approved for some of the ILDs (e.g., idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) and is being investigated for many others and has shown promising preliminary results. A dire need for advances in the management of immune-mediated lung disease persists in the absence of standardized management guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fatima Alnaimat
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jacqueline Jansz
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ting-Wei Ernie Liao
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Alaa Alsakaty
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Abeera Azam
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Hesham Elmergawy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hali A. Hanson
- UIC College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Christian Ascoli
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Israel Rubinstein
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Research Service, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nadera Sweiss
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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11
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Ouchene L, Muntyanu A, Assayag D, Veilleux È, Abril A, Ferrara G, Yacyshyn E, Pineau CA, O'Brien E, Baron M, Osman M, Gniadecki R, Netchiporouk E. Skin disorders and interstitial lung disease: Part II-The spectrum of cutaneous diseases with lung disease association. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 88:767-782. [PMID: 36228940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Part 2 of this 2-part CME introduces dermatologists to noninfectious inflammatory skin diseases associated with pulmonary involvement. In many cases, dermatologists may be the first physicians recognizing respiratory complications associated with these diagnoses. Because pulmonary involvement is often the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, dermatologists should be comfortable screening and monitoring for lung disease in high-risk patients, recognizing cutaneous stigmata of lung disease in these patients and referring to pulmonary specialists, when appropriate, for prompt treatment initiation. Some treatments used for skin disease may not be appropriate in the context of lung disease and hence, choosing a holistic approach is important. Interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension are the most common pulmonary complications and a significant cause of mortality in autoimmune connective tissue diseases, especially systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, and mixed connective tissue disease. Pulmonary complications, notably interstitial lung disease, are also common and life-threatening in sarcoidosis and vasculitis, while they are variable in neutrophilic and autoimmune blistering diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Ouchene
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anastasiya Muntyanu
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Deborah Assayag
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Èvicka Veilleux
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andy Abril
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Giovanni Ferrara
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elaine Yacyshyn
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christian A Pineau
- Division of Rheumatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth O'Brien
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Murray Baron
- Division of Rheumatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mohammed Osman
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert Gniadecki
- Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elena Netchiporouk
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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12
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Montes Ruiz Cabello M, Callejas Rubio JL, García Villanova P. [Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and serological determinations of autoimmunity]. Med Clin (Barc) 2023; 160:181. [PMID: 36396475 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Montes Ruiz Cabello
- Unidad Multidisciplinar Enfermedad Pulmonar Intersticial, Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, España
| | - Jose Luis Callejas Rubio
- Unidad Multidisciplinar Enfermedad Pulmonar Intersticial, Unidad de Enfermedades Sistémicas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, España.
| | - Paloma García Villanova
- Unidad Multidisciplinar Enfermedad Pulmonar Intersticial, Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, EspañaGranada
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13
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Yamaguchi K, Yamaguchi A, Ito M, Wakamatsu I, Itai M, Muto S, Uno S, Aikawa M, Kouno S, Takemura M, Yatomi M, Aoki-Saito H, Koga Y, Hara K, Motegi S, Tsukida M, Ota F, Tsukada Y, Motegi M, Nakasatomi M, Sakairi T, Ikeuchi H, Kaneko Y, Hiromura K, Maeno T. Clinical differences among patients with myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive interstitial lung disease. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:479-488. [PMID: 36194347 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis and idiopathic interstitial lung diseases (IIPs) are positive for myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA. MPO-ANCA-positive vasculitis mainly comprises microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and unclassifiable vasculitis. These diseases are frequently complicated by interstitial lung disease (ILD). Few studies have reported the clinical differences between the subtypes of MPO-ANCA-positive ILD. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the clinical findings and courses of MPO-ANCA-positive ILD. METHOD This retrospective study enrolled 100 patients with MPO-ANCA-positive ILD who were categorized into three groups: MPA (n = 44), unclassifiable vasculitis (n = 29), and IIP (n = 27). Our study compared the clinical findings and prognosis of these patients and analyzed the poor prognostic factors. Furthermore, we assessed the association between the patients with and without acute exacerbation of ILD (AE-ILD). RESULTS Our study found clinical differences in serum markers, clinical symptoms, and treatment regimens among the three groups. ILD complications, as the main cause of death, differed among the three groups (P = 0.04). Patients with unclassifiable vasculitis showed higher survival rates than those with IIP (P = 0.046). Patients with AE-ILD showed fewer general symptoms (P = 0.02) and lower survival rates (P < 0.01) than those without AE-ILD. In multivariate analysis, AE-ILD development was a strong poor prognostic factor for MPO-ANCA-positive ILD. CONCLUSIONS The subtypes of MPO-ANCA-positive ILD have different clinical features and prognoses. Patients who develop AE-ILD require careful evaluation of clinical courses. Key Points • In myeloperoxidase (MPO)-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive interstitial lung disease (ILD), patients with unclassifiable vasculitis showed a better prognosis than those with idiopathic ILD.. • Development of acute exacerbation in ILD was a strong poor prognostic factor in patients with MPO-ANCA-positive ILD..
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yamaguchi
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Aya Yamaguchi
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masashi Ito
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ikuo Wakamatsu
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Miki Itai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujioka General Hospital, Fujioka, Japan
| | - Sohei Muto
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Shogo Uno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujioka General Hospital, Fujioka, Japan
| | - Masaki Aikawa
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Shunichi Kouno
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masao Takemura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujioka General Hospital, Fujioka, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Yatomi
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Haruka Aoki-Saito
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Koga
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hara
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Motegi
- Division of Rheumatology and Nephrology, Fujioka General Hospital, Fujioka, Japan
| | - Mayuko Tsukida
- Division of Rheumatology and Nephrology, Fujioka General Hospital, Fujioka, Japan
| | - Fumie Ota
- Division of Rheumatology and Nephrology, Fujioka General Hospital, Fujioka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsukada
- Division of Rheumatology and Nephrology, Fujioka General Hospital, Fujioka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Motegi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujioka General Hospital, Fujioka, Japan
| | - Masao Nakasatomi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toru Sakairi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Ikeuchi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoriaki Kaneko
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Keiju Hiromura
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Maeno
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
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14
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Wu T, Zhang Y, Cen Z, Ying Y, Sun C, Lv C, Ding Q. Clinical significance of acute exacerbation in interstitial lung disease with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody: an indicator of poor prognosis. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2022; 16:17534666221140974. [PMID: 36484348 PMCID: PMC9742717 DOI: 10.1177/17534666221140974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between interstitial lung disease (ILD) and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) has been increasingly recognized in recent years. The clinical features and prognostic differences between AAV-associated ILD and isolated ANCA-positive idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance and prognosis of ANCA-positive ILD to further guide clinical management. METHODS This study retrospectively reviewed the data of 379 ILD patients with available ANCA results and ultimately analysed 49 ANCA-positive patients. AAV diagnosis was based on the 2012 revised Chapel Hill Consensus Conference (CHCC) criteria, and 33 of 49 patients were diagnosed with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). The baseline clinical information and laboratory parameters were collected and analysed at each patient's initial diagnosis. RESULTS Among 49 ANCA-positive ILD patients, the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) pattern was mainly usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) (59.18%), followed by nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) (26.53%). The C-reactive protein (CRP) level (43.89± 40.61 versus 18.74± 20.05, p = 0.028) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (71.97± 42.73 versus 40.69± 28.46, p = 0.011) were significantly higher in the MPA-ILD group than in the ANCA-IIP group. Haemoglobin (113.09 ± 24.47 versus 132.19± 13.34, p = 0.006) and albumin (32.95± 5.84 versus 36.52± 3.94, p = 0.032) levels were significantly lower. Survival was shorter among MPA-ILD patients than among ANCA-IIP patients [hazard ratio (HR) 3.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32-8.67, p = 0.040]. In the multivariable Cox analysis, a diagnosis of MPA (HR 3.91, 95% CI 1.07-14.08, p = 0.038) and acute exacerbation (AE) of ILD (HR 9.43, 95% CI 2.89-30.30, p < 0.001) were significantly independently associated with shorter survival in ANCA-positive ILD patients, and the NSIP pattern (HR 0.07, 95% CI 0.01-0.41, p = 0.003) was independently associated with prolonged survival. CONCLUSION ANCA-ILD patients mostly have myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA positivity and an MPA diagnosis. Survival was shorter among MPA-ILD patients than among ANCA-IIP patients. Respiratory failure and AE were associated with poorer prognosis. Early antifibrotic treatment may be a reasonable treatment option in fibrotic ILD patients with ANCA positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zekai Cen
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanan Ying
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chengna Lv
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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15
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Hernández Muñiz S, Olivera Serrano M, Jiménez Heffernan J, Valenzuela C, Caballero Sánchez-Robles P. Enfermedad intersticial asociada a conectivopatías y vasculitis. RADIOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Hernández Muñiz S, Olivera Serrano MJ, Jiménez Heffernan JA, Valenzuela C, Caballero Sánchez-Robles P. Interstitial disease associated with connective tissue disease and vasculitis. RADIOLOGIA 2022; 64 Suppl 3:250-264. [PMID: 36737164 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune diseases comprise a complex, heterogeneous group of entities. Noteworthy among the pulmonary complications of these entities is interstitial involvement, which manifests with the same radiopathologic patterns as in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. High-resolution computed tomography is the gold-standard imaging technique; it enables us to identify and classify the disease and to determine its extent, providing useful information about the prognosis. In this group of processes, the most common pattern of presentation is nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. It is essential for radiologists to work together in collaboration with other specialists to reach the correct diagnosis and enable appropriate, integrated treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hernández Muñiz
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Cátedra UAM-Roche EPID-futuro (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.
| | - M J Olivera Serrano
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Jiménez Heffernan
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Valenzuela
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Cátedra UAM-Roche EPID-futuro (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Caballero Sánchez-Robles
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Bell PT, Sheehy R, Droney L, Prain K, Wong R, Keir GJ. Pulmonary involvement in Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Associated Vasculitis: A single centre case series. Respirol Case Rep 2022; 10:e01058. [PMID: 36284753 PMCID: PMC9585386 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti‐Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody associated Vasculitides (AAV) comprise a rare group of disorders in which respiratory tract involvement is variable and often severe. The rarity and heterogeneity of AAV makes this a challenging condition to diagnose and manage. In this single‐centre case series of 44 patients with AAV‐associated respiratory disease, we provide an overview of disease manifestations, management aspects and treatment outcomes. Data from this case series highlight the real‐world diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of the AAV respiratory disease spectrum; including uncertainties in the management of fibrosing interstitial lung disease, tracheobronchial stenosis and diffuse alveolar haemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. Bell
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicinePrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Robert Sheehy
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicinePrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Luke Droney
- Department of ImmunologyPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,Division of ImmunologyPathology QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kerri Prain
- Division of ImmunologyPathology QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Richard Wong
- Department of ImmunologyPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,Division of ImmunologyPathology QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Gregory J. Keir
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicinePrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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18
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Sun K, Fisher JH, Pagnoux C. Interstitial Lung Disease in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: Pathogenic Considerations and Impact for Patients' Outcomes. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2022; 24:259-267. [PMID: 35794350 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-022-01078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an update on recent advances in the diagnosis, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, histopathological findings, and treatment approaches for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) vasculitis-associated interstitial lung disease (AAV-ILD) with a focus on literature published in the last 3 years. RECENT FINDINGS Although there is no validated definition of AAV-ILD, which contributes to some of the heterogeneity seen in study results, there has been an increasing number of publications in recent years on this topic. Most patients with AAV-ILD have MPO-ANCA vasculitis, and this association appears to reduce their 5-year-survival to 60-66% (Sun et al. BMC Pulm Med 21(1), 2021, Maillet et al. J Autoimmun 106, 2020). Median age of diagnosis ranges from mid-60 s to mid-70 s (Ando et al. Respir Med 107(4), 2013), Kagiyama et al. BMJ Open Respir Res 2(1):1-9, 2015, Hozumi et al. Lung 194(2):235-42, 2016, Liu et al. Chest 156(4):715-23, 2019, Maillet et al. J Autoimmun 106, 2020, Wurmann et al. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 37(1):37-42, 2020, Watanabe et al. BMC Pulm Med 19(1), 2019). Computed tomography (CT) chest imaging for patients with AAV-ILD often shows a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) or nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) pattern (12-58% and 13-61%, respectively) (Sun et al. BMC Pulm Med 21(1), 2021, Maillet et al. J Autoimmun 106, 2020, Wurmann et al. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 37(1):37-42, 2020, Watanabe et al. BMC Pulm Med 19(1), 2019, Baqir at al. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis Off J WASOG 36(3):195-201, 2019). Additionally, lung biopsies typically do not demonstrate active inflammation, or capillaritis, questioning whether these patients should be treated with either immunotherapy or anti-fibrotic therapy, or both (Hozumi et al. Lung 194(2):235-42, 2016, Liu et al. Chest 156(4):715-23, 2019, Kitching at al. Nat Rev Dis Prim 6(1):71, 2020, Tanaka et al. Respir Med 106(12):1765-70, 2012). Besides immunosuppressive treatments, recent advances in anti-fibrotic therapy may offer patients with progressive AAV-ILD an alternative and/or more effective and individualized treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Sun
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jolene H Fisher
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christian Pagnoux
- Vasculitis Clinic, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, 60 Murray Street, Ste 2-220, Box 8, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada.
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Anti-Inflammatory and/or Anti-Fibrotic Treatment of MPO-ANCA-Positive Interstitial Lung Disease: A Short Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133835. [PMID: 35807120 PMCID: PMC9267459 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of a lung lesion is common in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and interstitial lung disease (ILD) can lead to a poor prognosis. Although myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (MPO-ANCA) are often present in patients with MPA, patients with ILD and MPO-ANCA positivity but without other manifestations of systemic vasculitis have also been reported. Therefore, the possible association between MPO-ANCA, MPA, and idiopathic ILD remains unclear. This problematic matter has influenced the treatment strategy of MPO-ANCA-positive ILD patients without systemic vasculitis. Clinicians should undertake treatment with careful consideration of the four major causes of death in MPO-ANCA-positive ILD: acute exacerbation of ILD, progressive lung fibrosis, infectious comorbidities, and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Further, clinicians need to carefully judge whether inflammation or fibrosis is the dominant condition with reference to the patient’s clinical domain and radiopathological lung features. Recently, anti-fibrotic agents such as nintedanib and pirfenidone were shown to be effective in treating various etiologies associated with ILD and have thus led to the widening of treatment options. In this review, the clinical characteristics, radiopathology, prognosis, and therapeutic options in patients with MPO-ANCA-positive ILD are summarized using limited information from previous studies.
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Liossis SNC, Bounia CA. Treating Autoimmune-Related Interstitial Lung Disease With B Cell Depletion. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:937561. [PMID: 35847798 PMCID: PMC9279739 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.937561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune rheumatic diseases may affect vital organs with lung involvement being severe and difficult to treat manifestation. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) commonly affects the lung in the form of interstitial lung disease (ILD). ILD may be also seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren's syndrome (SS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory myositis (IM), antisynthetase syndrome (AS), and the ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV). Rituximab (RTX) is an anti-CD20 B lymphocyte depleting mAb, often administered in the treatment of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Although RTX is an off-label treatment for CTD–ILD, there are numerous reports providing data that is effective in improving both pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and chest computed tomography findings consistent with ILD. There are retrospective uncontrolled studies that assess RTX as a treatment of ILD in autoimmune diseases. These studies, apart from one, do not include patients with AAV-ILD. In SSc-ILD, in particular, there are both controlled and uncontrolled studies displaying encouraging results following B cell depletion. In addition, a number of retrospective uncontrolled studies and fewer prospective studies evaluate RTX in connective tissue diseases CTD–ILD. Although RTX is an approved treatment for AAV there are scarce only data focusing on patients with AAV-ILD specifically. The results of a handful of studies comparing treatment of CTD-ILD with RTX to treatment with other agents are in favor of RTX. Results from large, still ongoing controlled trials are awaited to ascertain RTX effects in ILD encountered in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. We review herein the results of the different RTX trials in patients with autoimmune disease–associated with ILD. Despite the heterogeneity of these studies, RTX may be considered an alternative and safe but still off-label treatment for patients with refractory CTD–ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatis-Nick C. Liossis
- Division of Rheumatology, Patras University Hospital, Patras, Greece
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
- *Correspondence: Stamatis-Nick C. Liossis
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Disease activity as a risk factor for venous thromboembolism in rheumatoid arthritis analysed using time-averaged DAS28CRP: a nested case-control study. Rheumatol Int 2022; 42:1939-1946. [PMID: 35384451 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-022-05121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to clarify the clinical features and risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We retrospectively reviewed the prevalence of VTE in RA patients who visited Hokkaido University Hospital from 2010 to 2019 and had more than 2 years of follow-up. To explore the risk to develop VTE, we selected 260 RA patients without VTE (non-VTE) via density sampling and identified the risk factors for VTE by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Univariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed older age (p < 0.0001, Odds Ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.04-1.14), increase of the body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.001, OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06-1.31), higher prevalence of RA-associated lung disease (p = 0.002, OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.33-3.30) and more frequent glucocorticoid usage (p = 0.001, OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.34-3.51) in RA patients was associated with the development of VTE significantly. Furthermore, patients with higher time-averaged disease activity score 28 (DAS28) CRP were at elevated risk (p < 0.0001, OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.94-6.12). In conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis, time averaged DAS28CRP was significantly associated with the development of VTE (p = 0.0001, adjusted OR 3.40, 95% CI 1.77-7.85). Disease activity was identified as a major risk factor of VTE in patients with RA, suggesting that sustained clinical remission could be beneficial for decrease the risk of VTE.
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Hozumi H, Kono M, Hasegawa H, Kato S, Inoue Y, Suzuki Y, Karayama M, Furuhashi K, Enomoto N, Fujisawa T, Inui N, Nakamura Y, Yokomura K, Nakamura H, Suda T. Acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: mortality and its prediction model. Respir Res 2022; 23:57. [PMID: 35277175 PMCID: PMC8915517 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-01978-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD), like those with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), might develop an unexpected acute exacerbation (AE)—a rapidly progressing and deadly respiratory decline. Although AE incidence and risk factors in RA-ILD patients are known, their post-AE clinical course remains unknown owing to the rarity of AE-RA-ILD. This multicentre retrospective study evaluated post-AE mortality and prognostic variables in AE-RA-ILD patients and created a mortality prediction model for AE-RA-ILD. Methods This research comprised 58 patients with AE-RA-ILD and 96 with AE-IPF (a control disease). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic variables. A prediction model was created with recursive partitioning (decision tree). Results The post-AE 90-day mortality rate in the overall AE-RA-ILD group was 48.3%; percent predicted forced vital capacity within 12 months before AE onset (baseline %FVC) and PaO2/FiO2 ratio at AE onset (P/F at AE) were independent predictors of mortality. Post-AE 90-day mortality rates were 40.6% and 43.8%, respectively, in AE-RA-ILD and AE-IPF patients propensity score-matched for age, sex, baseline %FVC and P/F at AE (P = 1.0000). In AE-RA-ILD patients, C-indices of baseline %FVC and P/F at AE to predict post-AE 90-day mortality were 0.604 and 0.623, respectively. A decision tree model based on these prognostic factors classified AE-RA-ILD patients into mild, moderate and severe groups (post-AE 90-day mortality rates: 20.8%, 64.0% and 88.9%, respectively; P = 0.0002); the C-index improved to 0.775. Conclusions Post-AE mortality was high in AE-RA-ILD patients similar to AE-IPF patients. The discovered prognostic factors and our mortality prediction model may aid in the management of AE-RA-ILD patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-01978-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironao Hozumi
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashiku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Masato Kono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka Ward, Hamamatsu, 430-8558, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Hasegawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, 3453 Mikatahara-cho, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu, 433-8558, Japan
| | - Shinpei Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, 3453 Mikatahara-cho, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu, 433-8558, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashiku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yuzo Suzuki
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashiku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Masato Karayama
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashiku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kazuki Furuhashi
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashiku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Enomoto
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashiku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujisawa
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashiku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Naoki Inui
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashiku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashiku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yutaro Nakamura
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashiku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Koshi Yokomura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, 3453 Mikatahara-cho, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu, 433-8558, Japan
| | - Hidenori Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka Ward, Hamamatsu, 430-8558, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashiku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
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KL-6 in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Patients with and without ILD: A Machine Learning Approach. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010094. [PMID: 35053092 PMCID: PMC8772774 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is a mucin involved in several cellular processes, and its expression increases following injured or regenerating type II pneumocyte. KL-6 was suggested to identify patients affected by fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILD) associated with rheumatologic disorders. This is the first study that has assessed whether serum KL-6 can distinguish ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) patients with ILD from those without ILD, and whether this biomarker and its changes over time are correlated with disease activity, vasculitic damage, and response to treatment. Thirteen AAV patients were enrolled, four of them with ILD. Higher serum KL-6 was found in AAV-ILD patients in comparison with those without ILD. The best KL-6 cutoff values of 368 U/mL and 301 U/mL at baseline and during follow-up, respectively, were suggested to distinguish the two groups. A direct correlation was found between serum KL-6 and disease activity. Our multicenter study demonstrated KL-6 as a reliable, non-invasive, and easy-to-perform marker of ILD in AAV patients, being helpful for disease activity assessment. Changes in serum concentrations of KL-6 over time could be useful for monitoring AAV patients. Further study of KL-6 as a marker of response to therapy during long-term follow-up would also be worthwhile. Abstract Background: ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) are small vessel vasculitis distinguished between microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). The former may have interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with high morbidity and mortality. Here, Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), a marker of fibrotic ILD, was assessed for distinguishing AAV patients with ILD from those without ILD, and whether its changes over time are correlated with disease activity. Materials and Methods: Thirteen AAV patients (eight females, mean age 61 ± 14.8 years) were enrolled: six MPA and six GPA. Serum samples were assayed for KL-6 concentrations (Fujirebio Europe, Belgium). To investigate potential binary classifiers for diagnosis of AAV-ILD, we constructed a regression decision tree model. Results: Higher serum KL-6 were in AAV-ILD compared with those without ILD (972.8 ± 398.5 vs 305.4 ± 93.9, p = 0.0040). Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve showed 100% of the diagnostic performance of KL-6 for identifying the ILD involvement (accuracy 91.7%) and the best cutoff value of 368 U/mL (sensitivity 100% and specificity 87.5%). The decision tree model showed a 33% improvement in class purity using a cut-off value of 513 U/mL to distinguish AAV patients with and without ILD. Stratifying AAV patients as MPA and GPA with and without ILD considering T0 and T1 KL-6, the model obtained an improvement of 40% for classifying GPA non-ILD with a T0 serum KL-6 cut-off value of 513 U/mL and a T1 KL-6 cut-off of 301 U/mL. A direct correlation was found between serum T0 KL-6 and T0 BVAS (r = 0.578, p = 0.044). Conclusion: Our multicenter study demonstrated KL-6 as a reliable, non-invasive, and easy-to-perform marker of ILD in AAV patients and its helpfulness for disease activity assessment. Changes in serum concentrations of KL-6 over time could be useful for monitoring AAV patients. Further study of KL-6 as a marker of response to therapy during long-term follow-up would also be worthwhile.
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