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De Jesús-Rojas W, Shapiro AJ, Shoemark A. Respiratory Aspects of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. Clin Chest Med 2024; 45:717-728. [PMID: 39069333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
This review article explores the respiratory aspects of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a rare, heterogenous, genetic disorder characterized by impaired motile ciliary function. It discusses the clinical diagnosis and management strategies for PCD-related respiratory disease, including chronic sinusitis, otitis media with effusion, recurrent pneumonia, and bronchiectasis. The review emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach to optimize care and clinical trials to improve outcomes in individuals with PCD, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo De Jesús-Rojas
- Department of Pediatrics & Basic Science, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico, PR 00716, USA
| | - Adam J Shapiro
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 2155, rue Guy, 5e étage, Montreal, QC, Canada H3H 2R9
| | - Amelia Shoemark
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; PCD Service, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.
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Hale SJM, Lux CA, Willoughby JE, Koefoed A, Broderick D, Biswas K, Kim R, Mackenzie BW, Douglas RG. A methodological pipeline for the preclinical evaluation of novel topical agents for the treatment of CRS. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2024. [PMID: 39010849 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
KEY POINTS Novel topical therapeutics require extensive pre-clinical testing to assess efficacy and safety. Antibiofilm or immunosuppressant agents can utilize ex vivo models to measure ciliotoxicity. Agents that are found to be effective and non-toxic ex vivo warrant further investigation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J M Hale
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christian A Lux
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James E Willoughby
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Arne Koefoed
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Broderick
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kristi Biswas
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Raymond Kim
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brett Wagner Mackenzie
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard G Douglas
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abo M, Imamura K, Hosogi S, Kobayashi T, Takeda Y, Kase K, Koba H, Watanabe S, Ohkura N, Hara J, Yano S. Comparing region of interest selection and whole-field analysis for measurement of ciliary beat frequency in high-speed video analysis. Respir Investig 2024; 62:419-425. [PMID: 38489921 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) is crucial in mucociliary clearance. High-speed video analysis (HSVA) is commonly used to measure CBF but lacks standardization. We compared visual observation and computer-assisted calculation using fast Fourier transformation (FFT) in freshly collected bronchial ciliary epithelial cells and cultured cells. METHODS Bronchial epithelial cells were obtained from 12 patients who required bronchoscopic examination. Eighty-five videos of ciliary movement of freshly collected and cultured cells were recorded and used to calculate CBF using manual observation, region of interest (ROI) selection, and whole-field analysis. RESULTS CBF measured by the ROI selection method strongly correlated with that measured using manual observation, especially in freshly collected cells. However, 27.8% of the manual observation method values were doubled in the ROI selection method, probably because a round trip of cilia was calculated as two cycles and needed to be corrected to 1/2 value. Upon increasing the number of ROIs, the results of the ROI selection method came closer to that of WFA. CONCLUSIONS Computer-assisted calculation using FFT can aid in measuring CBF; however, current methods require visual confirmation. Further automated evaluation techniques are needed to establish more standardized and generalized CBF measurement methods using HSVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Abo
- Kanazawa University Health Service Center, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Kousuke Imamura
- Department of Electrical, Information and Communication Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shigekuni Hosogi
- Department of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kobayashi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0934, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Kase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hayato Koba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ohkura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Johsuke Hara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Seiji Yano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan; Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0934, Japan; Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
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De Jesús-Rojas W, Demetriou ZJ, Muñiz-Hernández J, Rosario-Ortiz G, Quiñones FM, Ramos-Benitez MJ, Mosquera RA. Advancing Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Diagnosis through High-Speed Video Microscopy Analysis. Cells 2024; 13:567. [PMID: 38607006 PMCID: PMC11011699 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an inherited disorder that impairs motile cilia, essential for respiratory health, with a reported prevalence of 1 in 16,309 within Hispanic populations. Despite 70% of Puerto Rican patients having the RSPH4A [c.921+3_921+6del (intronic)] founder mutation, the characterization of the ciliary dysfunction remains unidentified due to the unavailability of advanced diagnostic modalities like High-Speed Video Microscopy Analysis (HSVA). Our study implemented HSVA for the first time on the island as a tool to better diagnose and characterize the RSPH4A [c.921+3_921+6del (intronic)] founder mutation in Puerto Rican patients. By applying HSVA, we analyzed the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and pattern (CBP) in native Puerto Rican patients with PCD. Our results showed decreased CBF and a rotational CBP linked to the RSPH4A founder mutation in Puerto Ricans, presenting a novel diagnostic marker that could be implemented as an axillary test into the PCD diagnosis algorithm in Puerto Rico. The integration of HSVA technology in Puerto Rico substantially enhances the PCD evaluation and diagnosis framework, facilitating prompt detection and early intervention for improved disease management. This initiative, demonstrating the potential of HSVA as an adjunctive test within the PCD diagnostic algorithm, could serve as a blueprint for analogous developments throughout Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo De Jesús-Rojas
- Department of Pediatrics and Basic Science, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00716, USA; (Z.J.D.); (G.R.-O.); (F.M.Q.)
| | - Zachary J. Demetriou
- Department of Pediatrics and Basic Science, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00716, USA; (Z.J.D.); (G.R.-O.); (F.M.Q.)
| | - José Muñiz-Hernández
- Department of Medicine, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PR 00725, USA;
| | - Gabriel Rosario-Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics and Basic Science, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00716, USA; (Z.J.D.); (G.R.-O.); (F.M.Q.)
| | - Frances M. Quiñones
- Department of Pediatrics and Basic Science, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00716, USA; (Z.J.D.); (G.R.-O.); (F.M.Q.)
| | - Marcos J. Ramos-Benitez
- Department of Pediatrics and Basic Science, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00716, USA; (Z.J.D.); (G.R.-O.); (F.M.Q.)
| | - Ricardo A. Mosquera
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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Zhao X, Ge H, Xu W, Cheng C, Zhou W, Xu Y, Fan J, Liu Y, Tian X, Xu KF, Zhang X. Lack of CFAP54 causes primary ciliary dyskinesia in a mouse model and human patients. Front Med 2023; 17:1236-1249. [PMID: 37725231 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-0997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a highly heterogeneous recessive inherited disorder. FAP54, the homolog of CFAP54 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, was previously demonstrated as the C1d projection of the central microtubule apparatus of flagella. A Cfap54 knockout mouse model was then reported to have PCD-relevant phenotypes. Through whole-exome sequencing, compound heterozygous variants c.2649_2657delinC (p. E883Dfs*47) and c.7312_7313insCGCAGGCTGAATTCTTGG (p. T2438delinsTQAEFLA) in a new suspected PCD-relevant gene, CFAP54, were identified in an individual with PCD. Two missense variants, c.4112A>C (p. E1371A) and c.6559C>T (p. P2187S), in CFAP54 were detected in another unrelated patient. In this study, a minigene assay was conducted on the frameshift mutation showing a reduction in mRNA expression. In addition, a CFAP54 in-frame variant knock-in mouse model was established, which recapitulated the typical symptoms of PCD, including hydrocephalus, infertility, and mucus accumulation in nasal sinuses. Correspondingly, two missense variants were deleterious, with a dramatic reduction in mRNA abundance from bronchial tissue and sperm. The identification of PCD-causing variants of CFAP54 in two unrelated patients with PCD for the first time provides strong supportive evidence that CFAP54 is a new PCD-causing gene. This study further helps expand the disease-associated gene spectrum and improve genetic testing for PCD diagnosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhao
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Haijun Ge
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wenshuai Xu
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Chongsheng Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wangji Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Junping Fan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Xinlun Tian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Kai-Feng Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
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Schneiter M, Tschanz SA, Escher A, Müller L, Frenz M. The Cilialyzer - A freely available open-source software for the analysis of mucociliary activity in respiratory cells. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 241:107744. [PMID: 37598471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder causing a defective ciliary structure, which predominantly leads to an impaired mucociliary clearance and associated airway disease. As there is currently no single diagnostic gold standard test, PCD is diagnosed by a combination of several methods comprising genetic testing and the examination of the ciliary structure and function. Among the approved diagnostic methods, only high-speed video microscopy (HSVM) allows to directly observe the ciliary motion and therefore, to directly assess ciliary function. In the present work, we present our recently developed freely available open-source software - termed "Cilialyzer", which has been specifically designed to support and facilitate the analysis of the mucociliary activity in respiratory epithelial cells captured by high-speed video microscopy. METHODS In its current state, the Cilialyzer software enables clinical PCD analysts to load, preprocess and replay recorded image sequences as well as videos with a feature-rich replaying module facilitating the commonly performed qualitative visual assessment of ciliary function (including the assessment of the ciliary beat pattern). The image processing methods made accessible through an intuitive user interface allow clinical specialists to comfortably compute the ciliary beating frequency (CBF), the activity map and the "frequency correlation length" - an observable getting newly introduced. Furthermore, the Cilialyzer contains a simple-to-use particle tracking interface to determine the mucociliary transport speed. RESULTS Cilialyzer is fully written in the Python programming language and freely available under the terms of the MIT license. The proper functioning of the computational analysis methods constituting the Cilialyzer software is demonstrated by using simulated and representative sample data from clinical practice. Additionally, the software was used to analyze high-speed videos showing samples obtained from healthy controls and genetically confirmed PCD cases (DNAI1 and DNAH11 mutations) to show its clinical applicability. CONCLUSIONS Cilialyzer serves as a useful clinical tool for PCD analysts and provides new quantitative information awaiting to be clinically evaluated using cohorts of PCD. As Cilialyzer is freely available under the terms of a permissive open-source license, it serves as a ground frame for further development of computational methods aiming at the quantification and automation of the analysis of mucociliary activity captured by HSVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schneiter
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Stefan A Tschanz
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anaïs Escher
- Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital Bern, University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Loretta Müller
- Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital Bern, University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Frenz
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Fradique R, Causa E, Delahousse C, Kotar J, Pinte L, Vallier L, Vila-Gonzalez M, Cicuta P. Assessing motile cilia coverage and beat frequency in mammalian in vitro cell culture tissues. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230185. [PMID: 37538747 PMCID: PMC10394421 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Cilia density, distribution and beating frequency are important properties of airway epithelial tissues. These parameters are critical in diagnosing primary ciliary dyskinesia and examining in vitro models, including those derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Video microscopy can be used to characterize these parameters, but most tools available at the moment are limited in the type of information they can provide, usually only describing the ciliary beat frequency of very small areas, while requiring human intervention and training for their use. We propose a novel and open-source method to fully characterize cilia beating frequency and motile cilia coverage in an automated fashion without user intervention. We demonstrate the ability to differentiate between different coverage densities, identifying even small patches of cilia in a larger field of view, and to fully characterize the cilia beating frequency of all moving areas. We also show that the method can be used to combine multiple fields of view to better describe a sample without relying on small pre-selected regions of interest. This is released with a simple graphical user interface for file handling, enabling a full analysis of individual fields of view in a few minutes on a typical personal computer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Fradique
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Av., Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Erika Causa
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Av., Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Clara Delahousse
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Av., Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jurij Kotar
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Av., Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Laetitia Pinte
- Wellcome—MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome—MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Marta Vila-Gonzalez
- Wellcome—MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Pietro Cicuta
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Av., Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
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Characterization of a DRC1 null variant associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia and female infertility. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:765-778. [PMID: 36856967 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PROPOSE We here present a female case with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and infertility. In this report, we also present the evaluation of the patient family, including her twin sister, also with PCD and infertility. METHODS Confirmation of the PCD clinical diagnosis was performed through assessment of cilia motility, by high-speed video microscopy (HSVM), axoneme ultrastructure, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and genetic characterization, by whole-exome sequence (WES). Gene expression studies used qPCR for mRNA expression and immunofluorescence to determine cell protein localization. RESULTS We identified a homozygous nonsense variant in the DRC1 gene (NM 145038.5:c.352C>T (p.Gln118Ter)) in the female patient with PCD and infertility that fit the model of autosomal recessive genetic transmission. This variant eventually results in a dyskinetic ciliary beat with a lower frequency and a partial lack of both dynein arms as revealed by TEM analysis. Moreover, this variant implies a decrease in the expression of DRC1 mRNA and protein. Additionally, expression analysis suggested that DRC1 may interact with other DRC elements. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the DRC1 null variant leads to PCD associated with infertility, likely caused by defects in axoneme from Fallopian tube cilia. Overall, our outcomes contribute to a better understanding of the genetic factors involved in the pathophysiology of PCD and infertility, and they highlight the interaction of different genes in the patient phenotype, which should be investigated further because it may explain the high heterogeneity observed in PCD patients.
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Tinoco EM, Gigante AR, Ferreira E, Sanches I, Pereira R, Sá R, Monteiro R, Sousa M, Pascoal I. Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia in a Portuguese Bronchiectasis Outpatient Clinic. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030541. [PMID: 36980814 PMCID: PMC10048503 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare hereditary condition characterized by decreased mucociliary clearance of the airways and a compromised reproductive system, resulting in male and female infertility. Several mutations with varied clinical and pathological features have been documented, making diagnosis a challenging process. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical and pathological features of Portuguese patients with PCD and to examine their genetic variants. A retrospective observational analysis was conducted with patients who were being monitored at a bronchiectasis outpatient clinic in 2022 and had a confirmed or high-likelihood diagnosis of PCD. In total, 17 patients were included in the study, with 12 (66.7%) having PCD confirmed and 5 (29.4%) having a high-likelihood diagnosis. Furthermore, 12 patients were subjected to transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with 7 (58.3%) exhibiting one hallmark defect. Genetic test data was obtained for all 17 patients, with 7 of them (41.2%) displaying a pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutation in homozygosity. To summarize, PCD is an uncommon but significant hereditary illness with consequences regarding morbidity and mortality. Despite the lack of a specific treatment, it is critical to confirm the diagnosis with genetic testing in order to effectively manage the disease and its accompanying disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Milheiro Tinoco
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho (CHVNG/E), 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Rita Gigante
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho (CHVNG/E), 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Edite Ferreira
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho (CHVNG/E), 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Inês Sanches
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho (CHVNG/E), 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rute Pereira
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosália Sá
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Regina Monteiro
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho (CHVNG/E), 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Sousa
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivone Pascoal
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho (CHVNG/E), 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Wolf A, Tabasi M, Zacharek M, Martin G, Hershenson MB, Meyerhoff ME, Sajjan U. S-Nitrosoglutathione Reduces the Density of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms Established on Human Airway Epithelial Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:846-856. [PMID: 36643497 PMCID: PMC9835527 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) often show persistent colonization by bacteria in the form of biofilms which are resistant to antibiotic treatment. One of the most commonly isolated bacteria in CRS is Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent antimicrobial agent and disperses biofilms efficiently. We hypothesized that S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an endogenous NO carrier/donor, synergizes with gentamicin to disperse and reduce the bacterial biofilm density. We prepared GSNO formulations which are stable up to 12 months at room temperature and show the maximum amount of NO release within 1 h. We examined the effects of this GSNO formulation on the S. aureus biofilm established on the apical surface of the mucociliary-differentiated airway epithelial cell cultures regenerated from airway basal (stem) cells from cystic fibrosis (CF) and CRS patients. We demonstrate that for CF cells, which are defective in producing NO, treatment with GSNO at 100 μM increased the NO levels on the apical surface and reduced the biofilm bacterial density by 2 log units without stimulating pro-inflammatory effects or inducing epithelial cell death. In combination with gentamicin, GSNO further enhanced the killing of biofilm bacteria. Compared to placebo, GSNO significantly increased the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in both infected and uninfected CF cell cultures. The combination of GSNO and gentamicin also reduced the bacterial density of biofilms grown on sinonasal epithelial cells from CRS patients and improved the CBF. These findings demonstrate that GSNO in combination with gentamicin may effectively reduce the density of biofilm bacteria in CRS patients. GSNO treatment may also enhance the mucociliary clearance by improving the CBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Wolf
- NOTA
Laboratories LLC, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mohsen Tabasi
- Department
of Microbiology Immunology and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Mark Zacharek
- Deparment
of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Glenn Martin
- NOTA
Laboratories LLC, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Marc B. Hershenson
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mark E. Meyerhoff
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Umadevi Sajjan
- Department
of Microbiology Immunology and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
- Center
of
Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz Medical School, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
- . Phone: (215) 707-7139
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11
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Yang B, Lei C, Yang D, Lu C, Xu Y, Wang L, Guo T, Wang R, Luo H. Identification of a Novel OFD1 Variant in a Patient with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:697-704. [PMID: 35847568 PMCID: PMC9285985 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s365740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background OFD1 encodes a protein with 1012 amino acids, which is a component of basal bodies and centrioles, essential for cilia biogenesis. OFD1 was reported to be associated with X-chromosome linked dysmorphology syndrome in early studies and recent studies reported a few cases with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) caused by OFD1 deficiency. Case Presentation We report a 31-year-old man who suffered from recurrent respiratory infections with typical manifestations of primary ciliary dyskinesia. In addition to respiratory manifestations, the patient also had situs inversus, obesity, gastroesophageal reflux, and hearing impairment. Clubbing fingers and mild streblomicrodactyly were also observed. Examination Result We performed whole-exome sequencing to identify a novel variant c.2795delA:p.(Lys932Argfs*3) in OFD1. The hemizygous variant was predicted to be likely pathogenic by bioinformatic analysis software and ACMG guideline. High-speed video microscopy (HSVM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunofluorescence were performed to analyze the respiratory cilia. A high beating frequency and a stiff beating pattern were observed under HSVM, while there were no significant abnormalities in TEM and immunofluorescence. The sperm flagella examinations were also generally normal. Conclusion Our study identified a novel frameshift variant in OFD1 causing PCD, enriched the genetic spectrum of OFD1 variants, and verified that OFD1 mutation can lead to only a PCD characteristic phenotype, while other OFD1-associated syndromic symptoms such as dysmorphic features and renal symptoms were not present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyi Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Lei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danhui Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongchun Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Rongchun Wang; Hong Luo, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Wang L, Wang R, Yang D, Lu C, Xu Y, Liu Y, Guo T, Lei C, Luo H. Novel RSPH4A Variants Associated With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia–Related Infertility in Three Chinese Families. Front Genet 2022; 13:922287. [PMID: 35812741 PMCID: PMC9257073 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.922287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The radial spoke head component 4A (RSPH4A) is involved in the assembly of radial spokes, which is essential for motile cilia function. Asthenoteratozoospermia in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) related to RSPH4A variants has not been reported. Materials and Methods:RSPH4A variants were identified and validated using whole-exome and Sanger sequencing in three unrelated Chinese families. High-speed video microscopy analysis (HSVA) was performed to measure the beating frequency and pattern of nasal cilia of the patients and healthy control. Papanicolaou staining and computer-aided sperm analysis were performed to analyze the morphology and motility of the sperm in patient 1. Immunofluorescence was adopted to confirm the structure deficiency of sperm and nasal cilia. Results: Patient 1 from family 1 is a 22-year-old unmarried male presented with bronchiectasis. Semen analysis and sperm Papanicolaou staining confirmed asthenoteratozoospermia. Novel compound heterozygous RSPH4A variants c.2T>C, p.(Met1Thr) and c.1774_1775del, p.(Leu592Aspfs*5) were detected in this patient. Patients 2 and 3 are from two unrelated consanguineous families; they are both females and exhibited bronchiectasis and infertility. Two homozygous RSPH4A variants c.2T>C, p.(Met1Thr) and c.351dupT, p.(Pro118Serfs*2) were detected, respectively. HSVA showed that most of the cilia in patients 1 and 3 were with abnormal rotational movement. The absence of RSPH4A and RSPH1 in patient 1’s sperm and patient 3’s respiratory cilia was indicated by immunofluorescence. Patient 2 died of pulmonary infection and respiratory failure at the age of 35 during follow-up. Conclusion: Dysfunctional sperm flagellum and motile cilia in the respiratory tract and the fallopian tube were found in patients with RSPH4A variants. Our study enriches the genetic spectrum and clinical phenotypes of RSPH4A variants in PCD, and c.2T>C, p.(Met1Thr) detected in our patients may be a hotspot RSPH4A variant in Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Rongchun Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Danhui Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjie Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Lei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Cheng Lei, ; Hong Luo,
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Cheng Lei, ; Hong Luo,
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13
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Jackson CL, Bottier M. Methods for the assessment of human airway ciliary function. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:13993003.02300-2021. [PMID: 35595315 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02300-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Jackson
- Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK .,School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Mathieu Bottier
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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14
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DRC1 deficiency caused primary ciliary dyskinesia and MMAF in a Chinese patient. J Hum Genet 2021; 67:197-201. [PMID: 34815526 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by the failure of mucociliary clearance. Dynein regulatory complex subunit 1 (DRC1) variants can cause PCD by disrupting the nexin link connecting the outer doublets. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical and functional impacts of DRC1 variants on respiratory cilia and sperm. METHODS We identified and validated the DRC1 variant by using whole-exome and Sanger sequencing. High-speed video microscopy analysis (HSVA) was used to measure the nasal ciliary beating frequency and pattern in a patient and a healthy control. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied to analyze the morphological and ultrastructural sperm defects resulting from the DRC1 variant. RESULTS NM_145038.5:c.1296 G>A, p.(Trp432*), a novel homozygous DRC1 nonsense variant, was identified in a patient from a consanguineous Chinese family. The patient exhibited bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis, situs solitus, and male infertility. The markedly reduced nasal nitric oxide production rate (3.0 nL/min) was consistent with PCD diagnosis. HSVA showed reduced bending capacity and higher beating frequency of nasal cilia in the patient compared with those in healthy control. The diagnosis of multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) was confirmed through sperm HE staining and TEM analysis. Following the intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment, the patient fathered a healthy daughter. CONCLUSION This report is the first to describe a novel DRC1 variant in a patient with PCD and MMAF, and in vitro fertilization was effective for treating infertility in this male patient. Our findings expand the genetic spectrum of PCD and MMAF, and provide a detailed clinical summary and functional analysis of patients with DRC1 variants.
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15
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Pinto AL, Rasteiro M, Bota C, Pestana S, Sampaio P, Hogg C, Burgoyne T, Lopes SS. Zebrafish Motile Cilia as a Model for Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8361. [PMID: 34445067 PMCID: PMC8393663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is a vertebrate teleost widely used in many areas of research. As embryos, they develop quickly and provide unique opportunities for research studies owing to their transparency for at least 48 h post fertilization. Zebrafish have many ciliated organs that include primary cilia as well as motile cilia. Using zebrafish as an animal model helps to better understand human diseases such as Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD), an autosomal recessive disorder that affects cilia motility, currently associated with more than 50 genes. The aim of this study was to validate zebrafish motile cilia, both in mono and multiciliated cells, as organelles for PCD research. For this purpose, we obtained systematic high-resolution data in both the olfactory pit (OP) and the left-right organizer (LRO), a superficial organ and a deep organ embedded in the tail of the embryo, respectively. For the analysis of their axonemal ciliary structure, we used conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron tomography (ET). We characterised the wild-type OP cilia and showed, for the first time in zebrafish, the presence of motile cilia (9 + 2) in the periphery of the pit and the presence of immotile cilia (still 9 + 2), with absent outer dynein arms, in the centre of the pit. In addition, we reported that a central pair of microtubules in the LRO motile cilia is common in zebrafish, contrary to mouse embryos, but it is not observed in all LRO cilia from the same embryo. We further showed that the outer dynein arms of the microtubular doublet of both the OP and LRO cilia are structurally similar in dimensions to the human respiratory cilia at the resolution of TEM and ET. We conclude that zebrafish is a good model organism for PCD research but investigators need to be aware of the specific physical differences to correctly interpret their results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia L. Pinto
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK; (A.L.P.); (C.H.); (T.B.)
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Rua Câmara Pestana nº 6, 6-A, Edifício CEDOC II, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.); (C.B.); (S.P.); (P.S.)
- Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2825-149 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Margarida Rasteiro
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Rua Câmara Pestana nº 6, 6-A, Edifício CEDOC II, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.); (C.B.); (S.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Catarina Bota
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Rua Câmara Pestana nº 6, 6-A, Edifício CEDOC II, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.); (C.B.); (S.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Sara Pestana
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Rua Câmara Pestana nº 6, 6-A, Edifício CEDOC II, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.); (C.B.); (S.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Pedro Sampaio
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Rua Câmara Pestana nº 6, 6-A, Edifício CEDOC II, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.); (C.B.); (S.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Claire Hogg
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK; (A.L.P.); (C.H.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Thomas Burgoyne
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK; (A.L.P.); (C.H.); (T.B.)
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Susana S. Lopes
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Rua Câmara Pestana nº 6, 6-A, Edifício CEDOC II, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.); (C.B.); (S.P.); (P.S.)
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