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Yu B, Whitmarsh T, Riede P, McDonald S, Kaggie JD, Cox TM, Poole KES, Deegan P. Deep learning-based quantification of osteonecrosis using magnetic resonance images in Gaucher disease. Bone 2024; 186:117142. [PMID: 38834102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Gaucher disease is one of the most common lysosomal storage disorders. Osteonecrosis is a principal clinical manifestation of Gaucher disease and often leads to joint collapse and fractures. T1-weighted (T1w) modality in MRI is widely used to monitor bone involvement in Gaucher disease and to diagnose osteonecrosis. However, objective and quantitative methods for characterizing osteonecrosis are still limited. In this work, we present a deep learning-based quantification approach for the segmentation of osteonecrosis and the extraction of characteristic parameters. We first constructed two independent U-net models to segment the osteonecrosis and bone marrow unaffected by osteonecrosis (UBM) in spine and femur respectively, based on T1w images from patients in the UK national Gaucherite study database. We manually delineated parcellation maps including osteonecrosis and UBM from 364 T1w images (176 for spine, 188 for femur) as the training datasets, and the trained models were subsequently applied to all the 917 T1w images in the database. To quantify the segmentation, we calculated morphological parameters including the volume of osteonecrosis, the volume of UBM, and the fraction of total marrow occupied by osteonecrosis. Then, we examined the correlation between calculated features and the bone marrow burden score for marrow infiltration of the corresponding image, and no strong correlation was found. In addition, we analyzed the influence of splenectomy and the interval between the age at first symptom and the age of onset of treatment on the quantitative measurements of osteonecrosis. The results are consistent with previous studies, showing that prior splenectomy is closely associated with the fractional volume of osteonecrosis, and there is a positive relationship between the duration of untreated disease and the quantifications of osteonecrosis. We propose this technique as an efficient and reliable tool for assessing the extent of osteonecrosis in MR images of patients and improving prediction of clinically important adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boliang Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Philipp Riede
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Scott McDonald
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joshua D Kaggie
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy M Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Patrick Deegan
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Bengherbia M, Berger M, Hivert B, Rigaudier F, Bracoud L, Vaeterlein O, Yousfi K, Maric M, Malcles M, Belmatoug N. A Real-World Investigation of MRI Changes in Bone in Patients with Type 1 Gaucher Disease Treated with Velaglucerase Alfa: The EIROS Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2926. [PMID: 38792468 PMCID: PMC11122233 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) is characterized by hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and disabling bone manifestations requiring regular MRI monitoring. The EIROS study assessed the real-world impact of velaglucerase alfa on GD1 bone disease, using MRI data collected in French clinical practice. Methods: MRIs collected retrospectively from treatment initiation and prospectively during follow-up (12-months) were analyzed centrally by a blinded expert radiologist to evaluate bone infiltration using the Bone Marrow Burden (BMB) score and a qualitative method (stable, improved or worsened for the spine and femur). Abdominal MRIs were also centrally analyzed to assess hepatosplenomegaly. Bone manifestations, hepatosplenomegaly, and hematologic parameters were analyzed from medical records. Results: MRI data were available for 20 patients: 6 treatment-naive patients and 14 patients who switched to velaglucerase alfa from another GD treatment. Interpretable MRIs for BMB scoring were available for seven patients for the spine and one patient for the femur. Qualitative assessments (n = 18) revealed stability in spine and femur infiltration in 100.0% and 84.6% of treatment-switched patients (n = 13), respectively, and improvements in 80.0% and 60.0% of treatment-naive patients (n = 5), respectively; no worsening of bone infiltration was observed. Liver, spleen, and hematologic parameters improved in treatment-naive patients and remained stable in treatment-switched patients. Conclusions: The qualitative real-world data support findings from clinical trials suggesting the long-term effectiveness of velaglucerase alfa on GD1 bone manifestations. When MRI assessment by radiologists with experience of GD is not possible, a simplified qualitative assessment may be sufficient in clinical practice for monitoring bone disease progression and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Bengherbia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Referral Center for Lysosomal Diseases, Beaujon Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, 92110 Clichy, France; (M.B.); (K.Y.)
| | - Marc Berger
- Department of Biological and Clinical Hematology, Estaing Hospital, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Bénédicte Hivert
- Department of Hematology, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, GHICL, 59000 Lille, France;
| | | | - Luc Bracoud
- Clario Inc. (Formerly Bioclinica, Inc.), 69006 Lyon, France;
| | - Ole Vaeterlein
- Clario Inc. (Formerly Bioclinica, Inc.), 20355 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Karima Yousfi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Referral Center for Lysosomal Diseases, Beaujon Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, 92110 Clichy, France; (M.B.); (K.Y.)
| | - Michele Maric
- Takeda France SAS, 75116 Paris, France; (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Marie Malcles
- Takeda France SAS, 75116 Paris, France; (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Nadia Belmatoug
- Department of Internal Medicine, Referral Center for Lysosomal Diseases, Beaujon Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, 92110 Clichy, France; (M.B.); (K.Y.)
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Mohamed FE, Al-Jasmi F. Exploring the efficacy and safety of Ambroxol in Gaucher disease: an overview of clinical studies. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1335058. [PMID: 38414738 PMCID: PMC10896849 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1335058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is mainly caused by glucocerebrosidase (GCase) enzyme deficiency due to genetic variations in the GBA1 gene leading to the toxic accumulation of sphingolipids in various organs, which causes symptoms such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurological manifestations. GD is clinically classified into the non-neuronopathic type 1, and the acute and chronic neuronopathic forms, types 2 and 3, respectively. In addition to the current approved GD medications, the repurposing of Ambroxol (ABX) has emerged as a prospective enzyme enhancement therapy option showing its potential to enhance mutated GCase activity and reduce glucosylceramide accumulation in GD-affected tissues of different GBA1 genotypes. The variability in response to ABX varies across different variants, highlighting the diversity in patients' therapeutic outcomes. Its oral availability and safety profile make it an attractive option, particularly for patients with neurological manifestations. Clinical trials are essential to explore further ABX's potential as a therapeutic medication for GD to encourage pharmaceutical companies' investment in its development. This review highlights the potential of ABX as a pharmacological chaperone therapy for GD and stresses the importance of addressing response variability in clinical studies to improve the management of this rare and complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feda E. Mohamed
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma Al-Jasmi
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Giraldo P, Andrade‐Campos M, Morales M. Recommendations on the follow-up of patients with Gaucher disease in Spain: Results from a Delphi survey. JIMD Rep 2023; 64:90-103. [PMID: 36636594 PMCID: PMC9830018 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of Gaucher disease (GD) is challenging due to its wide genotypic and phenotypic variability and changing clinical manifestations due to effective treatment. Sixteen face-to-face meetings with experts were held in order to discuss daily clinical practice and identify controversies regarding the management of GD. With this information, a questionnaire with 93 recommendations for different clinical scenarios was designed, and a Delphi survey among 86 physicians with experience in GD was conducted. Consensus was reached on 73 out of the 93 items. Recommendations on follow-up of adult and pediatric patients were in line with current guidelines, and underscored the importance of a patient-tailored approach. For the follow-up of stable patients receiving long-term treatment, consensus was reached on the importance of multidisciplinary care that involves pediatricians, internal medicine, and primary care, specialized radiologists, orthopedic surgeons, and hematologists when required. Degree of pain, use of painkillers and antidepressants, and quality of life should be evaluated at every follow-up visit or at least once per year. In general, a closer follow-up was recommended for untreated patients or patients who underwent a treatment change (every 3 months during the first year) and during pregnancy. For pregnant patients, hemostasis and risk of hemorrhage should be assessed, but no consensus was reached for initiation of treatment in asymptomatic pregnant patients. Lastly, recommendations on how to adapt GD management during a COVID-19 pandemic were collected. This expert consensus may help decision-making during the management of GD in specific clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Giraldo
- HematologyHospital QuironsaludZaragozaSpain
- Fundación Española para el Estudio y Tratamiento de la Enfermedad de Gaucher (FEETEG)ZaragozaSpain
| | - Marcio Andrade‐Campos
- Fundación Española para el Estudio y Tratamiento de la Enfermedad de Gaucher (FEETEG)ZaragozaSpain
- HematologyInstitut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, IMIM‐Parc de Salut MarBarcelonaSpain
| | - Montserrat Morales
- Reference Unit for Inherited Metabolic Disease, Hospital Universitario “12 de Octubre”MadridSpain
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Alnaghy E, Razek AA, Abdelhalim E. Pre- and post-therapeutic evaluation of liver and spleen in type I and type III Gaucher's disease using diffusion tensor imaging. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022; 47:3485-3493. [PMID: 35867132 PMCID: PMC9463195 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the role of diffusion tensor imaging in assessing liver and splenic parenchymal infiltration in Gaucher's disease (G.D.) type I and III before and after therapy. METHODS A prospective study was conducted upon 28 consecutive patients with G.D. type I and III and 28 age and sex-matched controls. They underwent an MRI and DTI of the liver and spleen. Mean diffusivity (M.D.) and fractional anisotropy (F.A.) values of the liver and spleen were evaluated before and after treatment and compared with control. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in the M.D. value of the liver and spleen between untreated patients and controls and between control and treated patients and in the M.D. value of the liver and spleen between untreated and treated patients. There is a statistically significant difference in the F.A. value of the liver and spleen between untreated patients and controls and in the F.A. value of the liver and spleen between untreated and treated patients. Hemoglobin level was positively correlated with the M.D. value of the spleen. Clinical score was negatively correlated with M.D. value of the spleen and was positively correlated with F.A. values of the liver and F.A. values of the spleen. Spleen volume was negatively correlated with M.D. values of the spleen. CONCLUSION Significant difference in M.D. and F.A. values of liver and splenic parenchyma in p atients with type I and III G.D. and controls, and between untreated and treated patients. The M.D. and F.A. values were well correlated with some biomarkers of disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Alnaghy
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdel Razek
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ebrahim Abdelhalim
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Horus University, Damietta, Egypt
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Zhou H, Wu Z, Wang Y, Wu Q, Hu M, Ma S, Zhou M, Sun Y, Yu B, Ye J, Jiang W, Fu Z, Gong Y. Rare Diseases in Glycosphingolipid Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:189-213. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Paskulin LD, Starosta RT, Bertholdo D, Vairo FP, Vedolin L, Schwartz IVD. Bone marrow burden score is not useful as a follow-up parameter in stable patients with type 1 Gaucher disease after 5 years of treatment. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2021; 90:102591. [PMID: 34242856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2021.102591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gaucher disease (GD) is one of the most prevalent lysosomal disorders, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 40,000 live births worldwide. Skeletal involvement is one of the main features of GD, causing morbidity and impacting long-term quality of life in patients with type 1 GD. OBJECTIVES To characterize bone marrow infiltration in patients with type 1 GD followed at the Gaucher Disease Referral Center of Porto Alegre, Brazil, and to assess whether the Bone Marrow Burden score (BMB) correlates with clinical or laboratory parameters. We also evaluated whether the BMB score is a suitable parameter for long-term follow-up of patients with type 1 GD. METHODS All included patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging for BMB score calculation at baseline, 1 year, and every other year thereafter or as clinically indicated from 2012 to 2018. RESULTS The BMB score tended to decrease during the first 5 years of treatment, at a rate of -1.08 points per year; after the 5-year mark, BMB tended to remain stable. CONCLUSIONS The BMB score is useful for response monitoring in the first five years of treatment. We recommend that, after 5 years of treatment, MRI for BMB evaluation should only be performed in non-adherent patients or in those who develop symptoms of acute skeletal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia d'Ávila Paskulin
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Tzovenos Starosta
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | | | - Filippo Pinto Vairo
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Ida Vanessa Doederlein Schwartz
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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de Mello RAF, Mello MBN, Pessanha LB, Fonseca APA. Skeletal involvement in Gaucher disease: extent of bone disease, splenic volume, and quality of life. Radiol Bras 2021; 54:71-76. [PMID: 33854259 PMCID: PMC8029931 DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2020.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the correlations among the extent of bone involvement, splenic volume, and quality of life in patients with Gaucher disease. Materials and Methods This was a descriptive, prospective cross-sectional study of 18 patients with Gaucher disease who underwent 3-T magnetic resonance imaging of both femurs and the lumbar spine. Semiquantitative analyses were performed on the basis of the bone marrow burden (BMB) score. We looked for linear relationships among the variables splenic volume, quality of life score, and BMB score. Results We identified a linear relationship between the BMB scores and splenic volume. The quality of life score showed no statistically significant relationship with splenic volume or the BMB score. Conclusion The linear relationship between the BMB score and the splenic volume indicates that the extent of bone disease is greater in individuals with splenomegaly. No correlation was found between the BMB and quality of life scores, illustrating the insidious and silent progression of Gaucher disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laís Bastos Pessanha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Alves Fonseca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Oto Y, Inoue T, Nagai S, Tanaka S, Itabashi H, Shiraisihi M, Nitta A, Murakami N, Ida H, Matsubara T. Successful treatment of Gaucher disease type 1 by enzyme replacement therapy over a 10-year duration in a Japanese pediatric patient: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:246. [PMID: 33603854 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Gaucher disease (GD) in Japan is much lower than that in Western countries; therefore, data on Japanese pediatric patients with GD type 1 are currently limited. The present study reports on the case of a Japanese pediatric patient with GD type 1 who was diagnosed when she presented with hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia and slight anemia at the age of 2 years. Serology tests revealed high levels of acid phosphatase (ACP) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). A bone marrow biopsy revealed the presence of Gaucher cells. Abdominal MRI indicated huge hepatosplenomegaly. Erlenmeyer flask deformity was observed on X-ray examination. MRI of the femora featured a high-intensity area within the diaphysis region. The enzymatic activity of leukocyte β-glucosidase, the measurement of which is necessary for a definitive diagnosis of GD, had decreased to 186.7 nmol/h/mg (reference range, 1,424.0-2,338.0 nmol/h/mg). Based on these results, the patient was clinically diagnosed with GD. Glucocerebrosidase gene analysis identified the compound heterozygote mutation of F213I (c.754T>A) on exon 7 and L444P (c.1448T>C) on exon 11. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) along with an intravenous infusion of 60 U/kg of imiglucerase every other week was initiated following diagnosis. Hemoglobin levels and the platelet count gradually improved and normalized after two years. ACP and ACE levels, biomarkers of the progression of GD, also improved. Abdominal MRI at six months after the initiation of ERT revealed a decrease in the size of the liver and spleen, which normalized after 1 year. Conversely, MRI of the femora indicated no improvement in the high-intensity area within the diaphysis region for 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Oto
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan
| | - So Nagai
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan
| | - Hisashi Itabashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan
| | - Masahisa Shiraisihi
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan
| | - Akihisa Nitta
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Murakami
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ida
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Matsubara
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan
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Komninaka V, Flevari P, Marinakis T, Karkaletsis G, Malakou L, Repa K. Outcomes of pregnancies in patients with Gaucher Disease: The experience of a center of excellence on rare metabolic Disease-Gaucher Disease, in Greece. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 254:181-187. [PMID: 33032100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pregnancy is reported to exacerbate manifestations in women with Gaucher Disease (GD). The objective of our study was to examine the outcome of pregnancies of Caucasian women with GD in a Greek Center of Excellence on GD. STUDY DESIGN Fifteen GD women were enrolled. All data were collected by questionnaire: fertility, normal pregnancies, spontaneous-elective-therapeutic abortions, maternal -neonatal status, birth weight and chromosomal abnormalities. RESULTS Forty-one pregnancies were reported among 15 women: mean conception age (±SD) 27.7 ± 5.8years (range 17-42years). Thirty-seven conceptions were spontaneous, 4 were after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Twenty three out of the 41 (56.1 %) pregnancies were normal. Eleven out of the 41 (26.8 %) pregnancies resulted in spontaneous abortions, 3 out of 41 (7.3 %) in elective and 3 out of 41 (7.3 %) in therapeutic abortions. Therapeutic abortions were due to worsening of GD manifestations, fetal chromosomal abnormalities and GD type 2 embryo. Nine out of 15 women had maternal complications: gestational diabetes, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, thrombocytopenia, osteoporosis and postpartum hemorrhage. Twenty three out of the 41 pregnancies resulted in live births. Nine out of the 23 (39.1 %) deliveries were caesarian sections and 14 out of 23 (60.9 %) were vaginal. The total number of neonates was 24 (14 females / 10 males). Mean gestational age on delivery (± SD) was 35.9 ± 3.1 weeks (range 26-38 w). Average female birth weight (±SD) was 2671.4 ± 851.6 g (range 900-4100 grams) and male was 3333 ± 996.4 g (range 1930-4700 grams). Nine out of 24 (37.5 %) neonates had low birth weight. Average low birth weight (±SD) was 1931.1 ± 420.52 g (range 900-2300 grams). Twenty out of the 24 (83.3 %) neonates were healthy. Four out of 24 neonates had neonatal complications: two neonates had GD type 1, one had GD type 3 and one neonate died two days after delivery (it was born at 26 weeks). Four neonates were hospitalized in incubators at the intensive neonatal care unit due to low birth weight. Thirty-nine women did not receive enzyme replacement therapy for GD during pregnancy, while, in two pregnancies, treatment was discontinued during the first trimester and re-administered after that. Mean first menarche age (±SD) was 13.6 ± 0.7 years. Thirteen out of 15 women were menopausal, mean menopausal age (± SD) 466 ± 2.6 years. CONCLUSION Most of GD women experience uncomplicated pregnancies and deliver normal, healthy infants, although the rate of complications and the rate of abortions is high in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veroniki Komninaka
- Centre of Excellence in Rare Haematological (Haemoglobinopathies) & Rare Metabolic (Gaucher Disease) Diseases, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Pagona Flevari
- Centre of Excellence in Rare Haematological (Haemoglobinopathies) & Rare Metabolic (Gaucher Disease) Diseases, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Lina Malakou
- Department of Haematology, G.Gennimatas General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Repa
- Centre of Excellence in Rare Haematological (Haemoglobinopathies) & Rare Metabolic (Gaucher Disease) Diseases, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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d'Avila Paskulin L, Starosta RT, Zizemer VS, Basgalupp S, Bertholdo D, Vairo FPE, Siebert M, Michelin-Tirelli K, Schwartz IVD. Rare GBA1 genotype associated with severe bone disease in Gaucher disease type 1. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2019; 21:100544. [PMID: 31799121 PMCID: PMC6881662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gaucher disease (GD) type 1 is a lysosomal disease characterised by hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, bone changes, and bone marrow infiltration. The disease is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in GBA1 which codes for glucocerebrosidase, an enzyme involved in the catabolic pathway of complex lipids. Aims To report on the case of two sisters with GD type 1 who bear a genotype never reported in the literature. Case report Patient 1 is a 47-year-old female diagnosed at 42 years of age with chronic lumbar pain, mild splenomegaly, slightly reduced platelets and normal hemoglobin values, severe Bone Marrow Burden (BMB) score, high chitotriosidase activity, and low glucocerebrosidase. Patient 2 is a 50-year-old female, sister of patient 1, who was diagnosed after familial screening. At 45 years of age, she had osteonecrosis of the left femur and a total hysterectomy because of uncontrollable bleeding. At first evaluation, she had bone pain with a high BMB score, mild splenomegaly, normal hemoglobin, normal platelets count, elevated chitotriosidase activity, and low glucocerebrosidase activity. Both patients were found to be compound heterozygotes for the p.Glu388Lys and the p.Ser405Asn variants in GBA1. Conclusions This is the first family with GD and this combination of variants which causes a phenotype remarkable for severe bone disease with no or mild hematological manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia d'Avila Paskulin
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Tzovenos Starosta
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitória Schütt Zizemer
- Post-Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Filippo Pinto E Vairo
- Center of Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marina Siebert
- Molecular and Protein Analyses Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,BRAIN Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kristiane Michelin-Tirelli
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ida Vanessa Doederlein Schwartz
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,BRAIN Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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12
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Degnan AJ, Ho-Fung VM, Ahrens-Nicklas RC, Barrera CA, Serai SD, Wang DJ, Ficicioglu C. Imaging of non-neuronopathic Gaucher disease: recent advances in quantitative imaging and comprehensive assessment of disease involvement. Insights Imaging 2019; 10:70. [PMID: 31289964 PMCID: PMC6616606 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-019-0743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease is an inherited metabolic disorder resulting in deficiency of lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase causing the accumulation of abnormal macrophages (“Gaucher cells”) within multiple organs, most conspicuously affecting the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. As the most common glycolipid metabolism disorder, it is important for radiologists encountering these patients to be familiar with advances in imaging of organ and bone marrow involvement and understand the role of imaging in clinical decision-making. The recent advent of commercially available, reliable, and reproducible quantitative MRI acquisitions to measure fat fractions prompts revisiting the role of quantitative assessment of bone marrow involvement. This manuscript reviews the diverse imaging manifestations of Gaucher disease and discusses more optimal quantitative approaches to ascertain solid organ and bone marrow involvement with an emphasis on future applications of other quantitative methods including elastography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Degnan
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Victor M Ho-Fung
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca C Ahrens-Nicklas
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Blvd, Floor 9, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christian A Barrera
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Suraj D Serai
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dah-Jyuu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Can Ficicioglu
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Blvd, Floor 9, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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13
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Zimmermann A, Popp RA, Rossmann H, Bucerzan S, Nascu I, Leucuta D, Weber MM, Grigorescu-Sido P. Gene variants of osteoprotegerin, estrogen-, calcitonin- and vitamin D-receptor genes and serum markers of bone metabolism in patients with Gaucher disease type 1. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018; 14:2069-2080. [PMID: 30498352 PMCID: PMC6207091 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s177480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Osteopathy/osteoporosis in Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) shows variable responses to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT); the pathogenesis is incompletely understood. We aimed to investigate the effects of several gene variants on bone mineral density (BMD) and serum markers of bone metabolism in GD1. Patients and methods Fifty adult Caucasian patients with GD1/117 controls were genotyped for gene variants in the osteoprotegerin (TNFRSF11B; OPG), estrogen receptor alpha, calcitonin receptor (CALCR), and vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes. In patients and 50 matched healthy controls, we assessed clinical data, serum markers of bone metabolism, and subclinical inflammation. BMD was measured for the first time before/during ERT (median 6.7 years). Results Forty-two percent of patients were splenectomized. ERT led to variable improvements in BMD. Distribution of gene variants was comparable between patients/controls. The AA genotype (c.1024+283G>A gene variant; VDR gene) was associated with lower Z scores before ERT vs GA (P=0.033), was encountered in 82.3% of patients with osteoporosis and was more frequent in patients with pathological fractures. Z score increases during ERT were higher in patients with the CC genotype (c.9C>G variant, TNFRSF11B; OPG gene; P=0.003) compared with GC (P=0.003). The CC genotype (c.1340T>C variant, CALCR gene) was associated with higher Z scores before ERT than the TT genotype (P=0.041) and was absent in osteoporosis. Osteocalcin and OPG were lower in patients vs controls; beta crosslaps, interleukin-6, and ferritin were higher. Conclusions We suggest for the first time a protective role against osteoporosis in GD1 patients for the CC genotype of the c.9C>G gene variant in the TNFRSFB11 (OPG) gene and for the CC genotype of the c.1340T>C gene variant (CALCR gene), while the AA genotype of the c.1024+283G>A gene variant in the VDR gene appears as a risk factor for lower BMDs. Serum markers suggest decreased osteosynthesis, reduced inhibition of osteoclast activation, increased bone resorption, and subclinical inflammation during ERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Zimmermann
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, 1st Clinic and Polyclinic of Internal Medicine, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany,
| | - Radu A Popp
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Heidi Rossmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Simona Bucerzan
- Center of Genetic Diseases, 1st Pediatric Clinic, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Nascu
- Center of Genetic Diseases, 1st Pediatric Clinic, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel Leucuta
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Matthias M Weber
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, 1st Clinic and Polyclinic of Internal Medicine, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany,
| | - Paula Grigorescu-Sido
- Center of Genetic Diseases, 1st Pediatric Clinic, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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14
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Bondar C, Mucci J, Crivaro A, Ormazabal M, Ceci R, Oliveri B, González D, Rozenfeld P. In vitro osteoclastogenesis from Gaucher patients' cells correlates with bone mineral density but not with Chitotriosidase. Bone 2017; 103:262-269. [PMID: 28736246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by mutations on the gene encoding for the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Type I GD (GD1) patients present anemia, hepatosplenomegaly and bone alterations. In spite of treatment, bone alterations in GD patients persist, including poor bone mineral density (BMD). Mechanisms leading to bone damage are not completely understood, but previous reports suggest that osteoclasts are involved. Chitotriosidase (CHIT) is the most reliable biomarker used in the follow up of patients, although its correlation with bone status is unknown. The aim of this work was to study the pro-osteoclastogenic potential in patients and to evaluate its correlation with CHIT activity levels and clinical parameters. PBMCs from treated patients and healthy controls were cultured in the presence of M-CSF, and mature osteoclasts were counted. BMD, blood CHIT activity and serum levels of CTX, BAP, and cytokines were evaluated in patients. We found that blood CHIT activity and osteoclast differentiation were significantly increased in patients, but no correlation between them was observed. Interestingly, osteoclast numbers but not CHIT, presented a negative correlation with BMD expressed as Z-score. CTX, BAP and serum cytokines involved in bone remodeling were found altered in GD1 patients. These results show for the first time a correlation between osteoclast differentiation and BMD in GD1 patients, supporting the involvement of osteoclasts in the bone pathology of GD1. Our results also suggest that an altered immune response may play an important role in bone damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bondar
- IIFP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - J Mucci
- IIFP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - A Crivaro
- IIFP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Ormazabal
- IIFP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - R Ceci
- IIFP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - B Oliveri
- Laboratorio de Osteoporosis y Enfermedades Metabólicas Óseas. Instituto de inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM) CONICET-UBA Hospital de Clínicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D González
- Mautalen, Salud e Investigación, Bs As, Argentina
| | - P Rozenfeld
- IIFP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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15
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Herrera S, Pérez-López J, Moltó-Abad M, Güerri-Fernández R, Cabezudo E, Novelli S, Esteve J, Hernández A, Roig I, Solanich X, Prieto-Alhambra D, Nogués X, Díez-Pérez A. Assessment of Bone Health in Patients With Type 1 Gaucher Disease Using Impact Microindentation. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:1575-1581. [PMID: 28263001 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD), one of the most common lysosomal disorders (a global population incidence of 1:50,000), is characterized by beta-glucocerebrosidase deficiency. Some studies have demonstrated bone infiltration in up to 80% of patients, even if asymptomatic. Bone disorder remains the main cause of morbidity in these patients, along with osteoporosis, avascular necrosis, and bone infarcts. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been shown to improve these symptoms. This cross-sectional study included patients with type 1 Gaucher disease (GD1) selected from the Catalan Study Group on GD. Clinical data were collected and a general laboratory workup was performed. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine and hip using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Patients with bone infarcts or any other focal lesion in the area of indentation visible on imaging were excluded. Bone Material Strength index (BMSi) was measured by bone impact microindentation using an Osteoprobe instrument. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models were fitted to adjust for age, sex, weight, and height. Sixteen patients with GD1 and 29 age- and sex-matched controls were included. GD1 was associated with significantly lower BMSi (adjusted beta -9.30; 95% CI, -15.18 to -3.42; p = 0.004) and reduced lumbar BMD (adjusted beta -0.14; 95% CI, -0.22 to -0.06; p = 0.002) and total hip BMD (adjusted beta -0.09; 95% CI, -0.15 to -0.03; p = 0.006), compared to GD1-free controls. Chitotriosidase levels were negatively correlated with BMSi (linear R2 = 51.6%, p = 0.004). Bone tissue mechanical characteristics were deteriorated in patients with GD1. BMSi was correlated with chitotriosidase, the marker of GD activity. Bone disorder requires special consideration in this group of patients, and microindentation could be an appropriate tool for assessing and managing their bone health. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Herrera
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERFES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Pérez-López
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism in Adults, Unit of Rare Diseases, Hospital Valle de Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Moltó-Abad
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism in Adults, Unit of Rare Diseases, Hospital Valle de Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Güerri-Fernández
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERFES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Cabezudo
- Hematology Department, Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvana Novelli
- Haematology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Esteve
- Haematology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Hernández
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Comarcal Sant Jaume de Calella, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Roig
- Department of Hematology and Hemotherapy, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Solanich
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,GREMPAL, CIBERFES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Nogués
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERFES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolfo Díez-Pérez
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERFES, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Stirnemann J, Belmatoug N, Camou F, Serratrice C, Froissart R, Caillaud C, Levade T, Astudillo L, Serratrice J, Brassier A, Rose C, Billette de Villemeur T, Berger MG. A Review of Gaucher Disease Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation and Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020441. [PMID: 28218669 PMCID: PMC5343975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD, ORPHA355) is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorder. It is caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme, glucocerebrosidase, which leads to an accumulation of its substrate, glucosylceramide, in macrophages. In the general population, its incidence is approximately 1/40,000 to 1/60,000 births, rising to 1/800 in Ashkenazi Jews. The main cause of the cytopenia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and bone lesions associated with the disease is considered to be the infiltration of the bone marrow, spleen, and liver by Gaucher cells. Type-1 Gaucher disease, which affects the majority of patients (90% in Europe and USA, but less in other regions), is characterized by effects on the viscera, whereas types 2 and 3 are also associated with neurological impairment, either severe in type 2 or variable in type 3. A diagnosis of GD can be confirmed by demonstrating the deficiency of acid glucocerebrosidase activity in leukocytes. Mutations in the GBA1 gene should be identified as they may be of prognostic value in some cases. Patients with type-1 GD-but also carriers of GBA1 mutation-have been found to be predisposed to developing Parkinson's disease, and the risk of neoplasia associated with the disease is still subject to discussion. Disease-specific treatment consists of intravenous enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) using one of the currently available molecules (imiglucerase, velaglucerase, or taliglucerase). Orally administered inhibitors of glucosylceramide biosynthesis can also be used (miglustat or eliglustat).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Stirnemann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland.
| | - Nadia Belmatoug
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reference Center for Lysosomal Storage Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, site Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 100 boulevard du Général Leclerc, F-92110 Clichy la Garenne, France.
| | - Fabrice Camou
- Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint André, CHU de Bordeaux, 1 rue Jean Burguet, F-33075 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Christine Serratrice
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland.
| | - Roseline Froissart
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, unité des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme et Dépistage Néonatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69677 Bron, France.
| | - Catherine Caillaud
- Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Métabolomique et Protéomique, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 149 rue de Sèvres, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Thierry Levade
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, F-31059 Toulouse, France.
| | - Leonardo Astudillo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Centre de Recherches en Cancerologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Purpan, F-31059 Toulouse, France.
| | - Jacques Serratrice
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland.
| | - Anaïs Brassier
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte (MaMEA), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Imagine, F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - Christian Rose
- Service d'onco-hématologie, Saint-Vincent de Paul Hospital, Boulevard de Belfort, Université Catholique de Lille, Univ. Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Thierry Billette de Villemeur
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, Pathologie du développement, Sorbonne Université, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 24 Avenue du docteur Arnold Netter, F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - Marc G Berger
- CHU Estaing et Université Clermont Auvergne, Hematology (Biology) et EA 7453 CHELTER, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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17
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Laudemann K, Moos L, Mengel E, Lollert A, Hoffmann C, Brixius-Huth M, Wagner D, Düber C, Staatz G. Evaluation of treatment response to enzyme replacement therapy with Velaglucerase alfa in patients with Gaucher disease using whole-body magnetic resonance imaging. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2016; 57:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Cassis L, Cortès-Saladelafont E, Molero-Luis M, Yubero D, González MJ, Herrero AO, Fons C, Jou C, Sierra C, Castejon Ponce E, Ramos F, Armstrong J, O’Callaghan MM, Casado M, Montero R, Olivas SMM, Artuch R, Barić I, Bartoloni F, Bellettato CM, Bonifazi F, Ceci A, Cvitanović-Šojat L, Dali CI, D’Avanzo F, Fumic K, Giannuzzi V, Lampe C, Scarpa M, Cazorla ÁG. Review and evaluation of the methodological quality of the existing guidelines and recommendations for inherited neurometabolic disorders. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:164. [PMID: 26714856 PMCID: PMC4696316 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited neurometabolic disorders (iNMDs) represent a group of almost seven hundred rare diseases whose common manifestations are clinical neurologic or cognitive symptoms that can appear at any time, in the first months/years of age or even later in adulthood. Early diagnosis and timely treatments are often pivotal for the favorable course of the disease. Thus, the elaboration of new evidence-based recommendations for iNMD diagnosis and management is increasingly requested by health care professionals and patients, even though the methodological quality of existing guidelines is largely unclear. InNerMeD-I-Network is the first European network on iNMDs that was created with the aim of sharing and increasing validated information about diagnosis and management of neurometabolic disorders. One of the goals of the project was to determine the number and the methodological quality of existing guidelines and recommendations for iNMDs. METHODS We performed a systematic search on PubMed, the National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC), the Guidelines International Network (G-I-N), the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network (SIGN) and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) to identify all the published guidelines and recommendations for iNMDs from January 2000 to June 2015. The methodological quality of the selected documents was determined using the AGREE II instrument, an appraisal tool composed of 6 domains covering 23 key items. RESULTS A total of 55 records met the inclusion criteria, 11 % were about groups of disorders, whereas the majority encompassed only one disorder. Lysosomal disorders, and in particular Fabry, Gaucher disease and mucopolysaccharidoses where the most studied. The overall methodological quality of the recommendation was acceptable and increased over time, with 25 % of the identified guidelines strongly recommended by the appraisers, 64 % recommended, and 11 % not recommended. However, heterogeneity in the obtained scores for each domain was observed among documents covering different groups of disorders and some domains like 'stakeholder involvement' and 'applicability' were generally scarcely addressed. CONCLUSIONS Greater efforts should be devoted to improve the methodological quality of guidelines and recommendations for iNMDs and AGREE II instrument seems advisable for new guideline development. The elaboration of new guidelines encompassing still uncovered disorders is badly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Cassis
- />Neurology, gastroenterology pathology and clinical biochemistry Departments, IRP-HSJD and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisenda Cortès-Saladelafont
- />Neurology, gastroenterology pathology and clinical biochemistry Departments, IRP-HSJD and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Molero-Luis
- />Neurology, gastroenterology pathology and clinical biochemistry Departments, IRP-HSJD and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Delia Yubero
- />Neurology, gastroenterology pathology and clinical biochemistry Departments, IRP-HSJD and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Julieta González
- />Neurology, gastroenterology pathology and clinical biochemistry Departments, IRP-HSJD and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Ormazabal Herrero
- />Neurology, gastroenterology pathology and clinical biochemistry Departments, IRP-HSJD and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Fons
- />Neurology, gastroenterology pathology and clinical biochemistry Departments, IRP-HSJD and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Jou
- />Neurology, gastroenterology pathology and clinical biochemistry Departments, IRP-HSJD and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Sierra
- />Neurology, gastroenterology pathology and clinical biochemistry Departments, IRP-HSJD and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esperanza Castejon Ponce
- />Neurology, gastroenterology pathology and clinical biochemistry Departments, IRP-HSJD and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Ramos
- />Neurology, gastroenterology pathology and clinical biochemistry Departments, IRP-HSJD and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Armstrong
- />Neurology, gastroenterology pathology and clinical biochemistry Departments, IRP-HSJD and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Mar O’Callaghan
- />Neurology, gastroenterology pathology and clinical biochemistry Departments, IRP-HSJD and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Casado
- />Neurology, gastroenterology pathology and clinical biochemistry Departments, IRP-HSJD and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Montero
- />Neurology, gastroenterology pathology and clinical biochemistry Departments, IRP-HSJD and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Maria Meavilla Olivas
- />Neurology, gastroenterology pathology and clinical biochemistry Departments, IRP-HSJD and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- />Neurology, gastroenterology pathology and clinical biochemistry Departments, IRP-HSJD and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivo Barić
- />Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb & University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Franco Bartoloni
- />Gianni Benzi Pharmacological Research Foundation, Valenzano, BA Italy
| | | | - Fedele Bonifazi
- />Gianni Benzi Pharmacological Research Foundation, Valenzano, BA Italy
| | - Adriana Ceci
- />Gianni Benzi Pharmacological Research Foundation, Valenzano, BA Italy
| | - Ljerka Cvitanović-Šojat
- />Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb & University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Christine I Dali
- />Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francesca D’Avanzo
- />Department of Women and Children Health, Brains for Brain Foundation, Padova, Italy
| | - Ksenija Fumic
- />Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb & University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Viviana Giannuzzi
- />Gianni Benzi Pharmacological Research Foundation, Valenzano, BA Italy
| | - Christina Lampe
- />Department of Women and Children Health, Brains for Brain Foundation, Padova, Italy
- />Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Centre for Rare Diseases, Horst Schmidt Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Maurizio Scarpa
- />Department of Women and Children Health, Brains for Brain Foundation, Padova, Italy
- />Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Centre for Rare Diseases, Horst Schmidt Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
- />Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ángels Garcia- Cazorla
- />Neurology, gastroenterology pathology and clinical biochemistry Departments, IRP-HSJD and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Following the treatment of the first Gaucher disease patient with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), it was clear that ERT had the potential to be transformative with dramatic improvements in systemic manifestations of the disease within 2 years. Following over 20 years existence of the International Collaborative Gaucher Group Gaucher Registry and evidence from ∼6000 patients, the long-term effects of therapy have been documented. It has been shown that ERT can result in improvements in all clinical and laboratory parameters of nonneuronopathic disease. However, different aspects of the disease, such as hematologic parameters, organ volumes and bone disease do not necessarily respond to therapy at the same rate or to the same extent, and this has had major implications for disease monitoring and for the establishment of therapeutic goals for ERT. Response may be affected by factors such as the timing of therapy initiation, the presence of irreversible complications such as osteonecrosis, and by enzyme dose. It is also apparent that ERT has no impact on neurological aspects of disease and highlights the need for additional or alternative treatment strategies able to meet the needs of patients with neuronopathic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Charrow
- Division of Genetics, Birth Defects and Metabolism, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - C Ronald Scott
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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20
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Mistry PK, Belmatoug N, vom Dahl S, Giugliani R. Understanding the natural history of Gaucher disease. Am J Hematol 2015; 90 Suppl 1:S6-11. [PMID: 26096746 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease is a rare and extraordinarily heterogeneous inborn error of metabolism that exhibits diverse manifestations, a broad range of age of onset of symptoms, and a wide clinical spectrum of disease severity, from lethal disease during infancy to first age of onset of symptoms in octogenarians. Before the advent of the International Collaborative Gaucher Group (ICGG) Gaucher Registry, the understanding of the natural history and phenotypic range of Gaucher disease was based on isolated case reports and small case series. Limited data hindered understanding of the full spectrum of the disease leading to some early misconceptions about Gaucher disease, notably, that nonneuronopathic (type 1) disease was a disease of adults only. The global scope of the ICGG Gaucher Registry, with its vast body of longitudinal data, has enabled a real appreciation of both the phenotypic spectrum of Gaucher disease and its natural history. This body of evidence represents the foundation for accurate assessment of the response to specific therapies for Gaucher disease and to the development of standard-of-care to monitor disease activity. Here, we outline the key developments in delineating the natural history of this highly complex disease and role of the ICGG Gaucher Registry in this effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod K. Mistry
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut, USA
| | - Nadia Belmatoug
- Department of Internal Medicine; Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases; Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux De Paris France
| | - Stephan vom Dahl
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases; University Hospital, University of Düesseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Department of Genetics/UFRGS and INAGEMP; Medical Genetics Service/HCPA; Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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21
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Komninaka V, Kolomodi D, Christoulas D, Marinakis T, Papatheodorou A, Repa K, Voskaridou E, Revenas K, Terpos E. Evaluation of bone involvement in patients with Gaucher disease: a semi-quantitative magnetic resonance imaging method (using ROI estimation of bone lesion) as an alternative method to semi-quantitative methods used so far. Eur J Haematol 2015; 95:342-51. [PMID: 25645321 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate bone involvement in patients with Gaucher disease (GD) and to propose a novel semi-quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) staging. METHODS MRI of the lumbar spine, femur, and tibia was performed in 24 patients with GD and 24 healthy controls. We also measured circulating levels of C-C motif ligand-3 (CCL-3) chemokine, C-telopeptide of collagen type-1 (CTX), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform type-b (TRACP-5b). RESULTS We used the following staging based on MRI data: stage I: region of interest (ROI) 1/2 of normal values and bone infiltration up to 30%; stage II: ROI 1/3 of normal values and bone infiltration from 30 to 60%; stage III: ROI 1/4 of normal values and bone infiltration from 60% to 80%; and stage IV: detection of epiphyseal infiltration, osteonecrosis and deformity regardless of the ROI's values. All but two patients had abnormal MRI findings: 9 (37.5%), 6 (25%), 3 (12.5%), and 4 (16.7%) had stages I-IV, respectively. Patients with GD had elevated chitotriosidase, serum TRACP-5b, and CCL-3 levels (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We propose an easily reproducible semi-quantitative scoring system and confirm that patients with GD have abnormal MRI bone findings and enhanced osteoclast activity possibly due to elevated CCL-3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Theodoros Marinakis
- Department of Haematology, "Georgios Gennimatas" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Ersi Voskaridou
- Thalassaemia Centre, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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22
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Management of bone disease in Gaucher disease type 1: clinical practice. Adv Ther 2014; 31:1197-212. [PMID: 25515322 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-014-0174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of glycosphingolipid metabolism resulting from deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucocerebrosidase that causes accumulation of glucosylceramide in tissue macrophage with damage to hematological, visceral, and skeletal organ systems. Severity and progression may vary independently among these domains, necessitating individualized therapy. Skeletal involvement is highly prevalent and often associated with intense pain, impaired mobility, and reduced quality of life. Enzyme replacement therapy improves parameters in all affected domains, but skeletal involvement requires longer treatment and higher dosages to obtain significant results. Despite numerous papers on bone complications in patients with Gaucher disease, there are no specific indications on how to assess properly bone involvement in such condition, the frequency of assessment, the use of markers for osteoblast and osteoclast activity, or the administration of bisphosphonates or other symptomatic drugs in adult and pediatric patients. Starting from a re-evaluation of cases with bone involvement, we have identified some common errors in the diagnostic approach and management. The aim of this paper was to propose a methodological and critical approach to the diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of bone disease in patients with Gaucher disease type 1.
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23
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Marcucci G, Zimran A, Bembi B, Kanis J, Reginster JY, Rizzoli R, Cooper C, Brandi ML. Gaucher disease and bone manifestations. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 95:477-94. [PMID: 25377906 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-014-9923-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease is a relatively rare metabolic disease caused by the inherited deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Gaucher disease affects multiple organs, among which is the skeleton. Bone involvement occurs frequently in Gaucher disease, and is one of its most debilitating features, reducing the quality of life of patients. Bone status is an important consideration for treatment to ameliorate symptoms and reduce the risk of irreversible complications. We have conducted a systematic review of all the various aspects of Gaucher disease, focusing on different skeletal manifestations, pathophysiology of bone alterations, clinical symptoms, and current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Marcucci
- Head, Bone Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
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van Dussen L, Akkerman EM, Hollak CEM, Nederveen AJ, Maas M. Evaluation of an imaging biomarker, Dixon quantitative chemical shift imaging, in Gaucher disease: lessons learned. J Inherit Metab Dis 2014; 37:1003-11. [PMID: 24924293 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is the first lysosomal storage disorder for which specific therapy became available. The infiltration of bone marrow by storage cells plays an important part in the pathophysiology of skeletal complications and can be quantified by measurements of bone marrow fat fraction (Ff). Ff measurements by Dixon quantitative chemical shift imaging (QCSI) are standard for the follow-up care of GD patients at the Academic Medical Center. Several criteria should be met in order for these measurements to qualify as an imaging biomarker. These include: 1) The presence of the imaging biomarker is closely coupled or linked to the presence of the target disease or condition; 2) The detection and/or quantitative measurement of the biomarker is accurate, reproducible, and feasible over time, and; 3) The changes measured over time in the imaging biomarker are closely coupled, or linked, to the success or failure of the therapeutic effect and the true end point for the medical therapy being evaluated. This review assesses the use of Ff measurements by QCSI as a biomarker for GD in light of these criteria. In addition potential pitfalls are discussed including: degenerative disc disease; vertebral collapse and infection; haematological malignancies; focal fatty deposits; age; menopause; phase and repositioning errors, and; fat surrounding the basivertebral vein.QCSI measurements of Ff can be used as an imaging biomarker for GD taking these pitfalls into account. It is one of the first biomarkers, in particular imaging biomarkers, for GD that has been systematically evaluated and could be a valuable tool in clinical trials comparing different treatments or dosing regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- L van Dussen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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25
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Skeletal improvement in patients with Gaucher disease type 1: a phase 2 trial of oral eliglustat. Skeletal Radiol 2014; 43:1353-60. [PMID: 24816856 PMCID: PMC4141971 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-014-1891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eliglustat is an investigational oral substrate reduction therapy for Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1). Its skeletal effects were evaluated by prospective monitoring of bone mineral density (BMD), fractures, marrow infiltration by Gaucher cells, focal bone lesions, and infarcts during an open-label, multi-site, single-arm phase 2 trial (NCT00358150). MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval and patient informed consent were obtained. Eliglustat (50 or 100 mg) was self-administered by mouth twice daily; 19 patients completed 4 years of treatment. All were skeletally mature (age range, 18-55 years). DXA and MRI assessments were conducted at baseline and annually thereafter. X-rays were obtained annually until month 24, and then every other year. RESULTS Lumbar spine BMD increased significantly (p = 0.02; n = 15) by a mean (SD) of 9.9% (14.2%) from baseline to year 4; corresponding T-scores increased significantly (p = 0.01) from a mean (SD) of -1.6 (1.1) to -0.9 (1.3). Mean femur T-score remained normal through 4 years. Femur MRI showed that 10/18 (56%) patients had decreased Gaucher cell infiltration compared to baseline; one patient with early improvement had transient worsening at year 4. There were no lumbar spine or femoral fractures and no reported bone crises during the study. At baseline, 8/19 (42%) patients had focal bone lesions, which remained stable, and 7/19 (37%) patients had bone infarctions, which improved in one patient by year 2. At year 4, one new asymptomatic, indeterminate bone lesion was discovered that subsequently resolved. CONCLUSIONS Eliglustat may be a therapeutic option for treating the skeletal manifestations of GD1.
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26
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Taliglucerase alfa leads to favorable bone marrow responses in patients with type I Gaucher disease. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Razek AAKA, Abdalla A, Fathy A, Megahed A. Apparent diffusion coefficient of the vertebral bone marrow in children with Gaucher's disease type I and III. Skeletal Radiol 2013; 42:283-7. [PMID: 22718272 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-012-1464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as a quantitative parameter for detection of vertebral bone marrow infiltration in children with Gaucher's disease type I and III. MATERIAL AND METHODS Prospective study was conducted on 20 infants and children (14 M, 6 F; aged 31-61 months; mean age 46 months) with Gaucher's disease type I (n = 13) and III (n = 7), and 20 age and sex matched controls. They underwent routine and diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the lumbar spine using echo planar imaging with b value of 0, 500 and 1000 sec/mm2. The ADC value of the lumbar vertebral bone marrow was compared in different phenotypes and genotypes; and correlated with bone marrow burden score (BMB), chitotriosidase level, hemoglobin and platelet count. RESULTS The mean ADC value of marrow infiltration in patients with Gaucher's disease (0.39 ± 0.06 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s) was significantly lower (P = 0.001) than that of vertebral bone marrow in controls (0.54 ± 0.05 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s). The cut-off ADC value used to differentiate patients with Gaucher's disease from controls was (0.47 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s); with sensitivity of 95 %; specificity of 95 % and area under the curve of 0.986. The L444P/L444P mutation had significantly lower ADC value compared to other mutations (P = 0.001). The mean ADC value of the bone marrow negatively correlated with BMB (r = -0.831; P = 0.001), and biomarkers of disease activity including chitotriosidase (r = -0.542; P = 0.014), hemoglobin (r = -0.727; P = 0.001) and platelets (r = -0.698; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION We concluded that there is significant difference in the ADC value of vertebral bone marrow between children with Gaucher's disease and controls, and the ADC value correlated well with genotyping and some biomarkers of disease activity.
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28
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Hemke R, Maas M. Diseases of the Reticuloendothelial System. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE BONE MARROW 2013:177-192. [DOI: 10.1007/174_2012_717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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29
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Giuffrida G, Cingari MR, Parrinello N, Romano A, Triolo A, Franceschino M, Di Raimondo F. Bone turnover markers in patients with type 1 Gaucher disease. Hematol Rep 2012; 4:e21. [PMID: 23355939 PMCID: PMC3555209 DOI: 10.4081/hr.2012.e21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone complications occur frequently in Gaucher disease (GD) and reduce the quality of life of these patients. Skeletal involvement is an important indication for treatment to ameliorate symptoms and reduce the risk of irreversible and debilitating disease. Bone biomarkers have been used to assess disease status and the response to therapy in a number of bone disorders. Here, we examine the literature for evidence of abnormalities in bone turnover markers in patients with type 1 GD to assess whether they might be useful for the assessment of bone involvement in GD. We have found that bone biomarkers in GD show highly variable results which do not currently support their routine use for clinical assessment of bone status, as an indication for therapy initiation, or for monitoring the response to therapy. A greater understanding of bone markers and their relation to the bone manifestations of GD is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Giuffrida
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Division of Hematology, University of Catania, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy
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30
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Miscellaneous non-inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions. Gaucher disease and bone. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2012; 25:665-81. [PMID: 22142746 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder affecting multiple organs. Non-neuronopathic GD, the most common form, can present with hepatosplenomegaly, anaemia, bleeding tendencies, thrombocytopenia, skeletal pathologies, growth retardation and, in severe cases, with pulmonary disease. The bone manifestations include bone infarcts, avascular bone necrosis, lytic lesions, osteosclerosis, fractures due to osteoporosis and, rarely, acute osteomyelitis. Bone pain of varying intensity, fractures and joint collapses increase the patients' morbidity and impair their mobility and quality of life. Currently available therapies - enzyme replacement therapy and substrate reduction therapy - have shown to improve blood count and the visceral manifestations within a short time. Beneficial effects have also been documented on bone pain, bone crises and the extent of osteoporosis. The article focusses on the bone pathologies of GD including its pathophysiology, current diagnostics, clinical management and therapeutic effects of enzyme replacement therapy, substrate reduction therapy and bone-specific therapies.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The search for surrogate biomarkers of osteonecrosis, a disabling complication of Gaucher disease, has intensified in the last decade. Biomarkers that predict osteonecrosis and monitor the effectiveness of therapies would improve clinical practice and enrich the molecular exploration of this disorder. AREAS COVERED Here we discuss advances in biomarker research with special reference to those biomarkers associated with Gaucher disease and investigated in the context of enzyme therapy. Much progress has been made in the diversification of treatment for the condition and several biomarker molecules, which may ultimately improve risk assessment for osteonecrosis, have been identified. EXPERT OPINION The discovery of prospective biomarkers of osteonecrosis such as CCL18/PARC, CXCL8/IL-8, CCL5/RANTES, CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β, particularly during recurrent episodes occurring despite enzyme treatment, has the potential radically to change practices in the management of Gaucher disease and should improve therapeutic monitoring and prognostic evaluation. Ultimately, exploration of this field will provide the basis for a refined mechanistic understanding of pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Pavlova
- University of Cambridge, Addenbrroke's Hospital , Department of Medicine , Lysosomal Disorders Unit Box 135, Cambridge , UK
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32
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Goker-Alpan O. Therapeutic approaches to bone pathology in Gaucher disease: past, present and future. Mol Genet Metab 2011; 104:438-47. [PMID: 21889384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is effective for the treatment of the systemic manifestations of Gaucher disease (GD) and can have a significant impact on skeletal manifestations. Bone involvement is broad and can occur in otherwise clinically asymptomatic individuals. The heterogeneity in GD-related bone disease may implicate multiple pathological processes such as disruption of coordinated bone cell activity, in addition to the physical impact of Gaucher cells causing vascular occlusion. Accumulated data suggests that earlier treatment initiation decreases skeletal complications and that bone disease may require a longer duration of treatment and higher dose than is necessary for organ involvement and hematopoietic manifestations. However, in some patients, bone manifestations persist and even worsen despite ERT, regardless of dose or duration of treatment. Treating skeletal disease should be considered of equal importance as treating visceral and hematologic manifestations. When treatment decisions involve multiple enzyme preparations and other therapeutic modalities such small molecules, the choice should be tailored on an individual basis with continuing evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Goker-Alpan
- Lysosomal Disorders Research and Treatment Unit, Center for Clinical Trials, Springfield, VA 22152, USA.
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33
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Katz R, Booth T, Hargunani R, Wylie P, Holloway B. Radiological aspects of Gaucher disease. Skeletal Radiol 2011; 40:1505-13. [PMID: 20658285 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-010-0992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Advances in imaging and the development of commercially available enzyme therapy have significantly altered the traditional radiology of Gaucher disease. The cost of treatment and need for monitoring response to therapy have magnified the importance of imaging. There are no recent comprehensive reviews of the radiology of this relatively common lysosomal storage disease. This article describes the modern imaging, techniques and radiological manifestations of Gaucher disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Katz
- Radiology Department, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
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D-dimer assay in Egyptian patients with Gaucher disease: correlation with bone and lung involvement. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2011; 22:176-84. [PMID: 21346558 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e3283424809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease is the most frequent lysosomal storage disorder. Bone and lung involvement are two major causes of morbidity in this disease. D-dimer is a reliable indicator of active microvascular thrombosis, even in patients without overt hypercoagulation. This study aimed to assess D-dimer levels in Gaucher disease, correlating this marker to clinical characteristics and radiological parameters to investigate its role as a potential predictor for the occurrence and severity of skeletal and pulmonary manifestations. The study population consisted of 56 Egyptian patients with Gaucher disease, 36 had type 1 Gaucher disease (64.3%) and 20 had type 3 Gaucher disease (35.7%). Thirty healthy individuals were enrolled as a control group. D-dimer levels were significantly higher in all patients with Gaucher disease compared with controls (P < 0.001). Patients with type 3 showed significantly higher D-dimer concentrations compared with type 1 (P < 0.001). Pulmonary involvement was present in a significant proportion among type 3 Gaucher patients (P < 0.05), whereas bone changes were present in a higher percentage in type 1 compared with type 3 Gaucher patients. D-dimers were significantly higher in patients with abnormal MRI findings of the long bones and in those with ground glass appearance on high-resolution computerized tomography of the chest compared with patients with normal radiology (P < 0.001). Splenectomized patients displayed significantly higher D-dimer levels compared with nonsplenectomized patients (P < 0.001). Our results suggest that D-dimer is significantly elevated in Gaucher disease, particularly type 3, and may be considered as a potential marker of risk prediction of bone and lung involvement that could be used to monitor treatment response.
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35
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Ferreira CS, Silva LRD, Araújo MBJ, Tannús RK, Aoqui WL. Doença de Gaucher: uma desordem subdiagnosticada. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-05822011000100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: A doença de Gaucher é um erro inato do metabolismo, clinicamente heterogêneo, cujo prognóstico pode variar de acordo com o subtipo de apresentação. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Paciente de três anos e seis meses com história de anemia e esplenomegalia há dois anos. Ao exame físico, mostrava mucosas discretamente hipocoradas, sopro sistólico em focos mitral e tricúspide sem frêmito ou irradiação, esplenomegalia importante e hepatomegalia discreta. O hemograma evidenciou anemia normocítica e normocrômica e plaquetopenia discreta. Demais exames normais. Para investigar causas medulares de anemia foi realizado o mielograma, que constatou infiltração medular por células de Gaucher. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pela dosagem de beta-glicosidase ácida. O aconselhamento genético foi solicitado e a terapia de reposição com imiglucerase foi orientada. COMENTÁRIOS: O caso foi o único documentado com o diagnóstico de doença de Gaucher no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, entre 1999 e 2008, que abrange uma população de aproximadamente 3 milhões de pessoas em 86 municípios, sugerindo haver subdiagnóstico desse erro inato. Ressalta-se a importância de ter em mente a doença de Gaucher como diagnóstico diferencial em pacientes com anemia crônica e esplenomegalia na infância.
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36
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Whole body MRI in type I Gaucher patients: Evaluation of skeletal involvement. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2011; 46:53-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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An overview on bone manifestations in Gaucher disease. Wien Med Wochenschr 2010; 160:609-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10354-010-0841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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vom Dahl S, Mengel E. Lysosomal storage diseases as differential diagnosis of hepatosplenomegaly. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2010; 24:619-28. [PMID: 20955964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In adults, elevated transaminases and hepatomegaly, often mild, with moderate to massive idiopathic splenomegaly might hint to a lysosomal storage disease (LSD). In most of these cases, hepatosplenomegaly does not eventually lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma or cholestasis. Nevertheless, the hepatic clinical findings might be the incentive for the patient to present at the physician's office. Many of the currently known >50 lysosomal storage diseases might manifest in liver: out of these, the most important ones in adults are: Gaucher disease, cholesterol ester storage disease (CESD) and the Niemann-Pick diseases. An increase of plasma chitotriosidase should alert the physician for the presence of an LSD. For Gaucher's disease, enzyme supplementation and substrate deprivation constitute effective therapeutic options. Fabry's disease, the most prevalent lysosomal storage disease, does usually not affect the liver, but causes painful episodes of hands' or feet pain (acroparesthesias), left ventricular hypertrophy, renal failure, early stroke and decreased life expectancy. The emerging advent of effective therapeutic options and the cumulative prevalence of lysosomal storage diseases urge the hepatologist to add these diagnostic pathways to the clinical repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan vom Dahl
- Dept. of Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology, St. Franziskus-Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital, University of Cologne, Schoensteinstrasse 63, 50825 Cologne, Germany.
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Improvement in hematological, visceral, and skeletal manifestations of Gaucher disease type 1 with oral eliglustat tartrate (Genz-112638) treatment: 2-year results of a phase 2 study. Blood 2010; 116:4095-8. [PMID: 20713962 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-06-293902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eliglustat tartrate is an investigational oral substrate reduction therapy for Gaucher disease type 1 that is pharmacologically distinct from intravenous enzyme replacement therapy. Eliglustat tartrate improved clinical manifestations in patients who received 50 or 100 mg twice daily for 1 year during an open-label phase 2 study (Blood. 2010;116(6):893-899). We report further improvements after 2 years of treatment in 20 patients (11 females, 9 males; mean age, 33 years) with baseline splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia and/or anemia. Statistically significant (P < .001) percentage improvements from baseline occurred in platelet count (mean ± SD, 81% ± 56%), hemoglobin level (20% ± 15%), spleen volume (-52% ± 11%), and liver volume (-24% ± 13%). Mean platelet count increased ∼ 50 000/mm(3). Mean hemoglobin level increased 2.1 g/dL overall and 3.1 g/dL in 10 patients with baseline anemia. Organ volume reductions were greatest in patients with severe baseline organomegaly. Seventeen (85%) patients met established therapeutic goals for ≥ 3 of the 4 parameters. Lumbar spine bone mineral density increased 7.8% ± 10.6% (P = .01) and T-score 0.6 ± 0.8 (P = .012), with major gains in osteoporotic and osteopenic patients. Magnetic resonance imaging assessment showed that bone marrow infiltration by Gaucher cells was decreased (8/18 patients) or stable (10/18 patients). No safety-related trends emerged during 2 years of treatment. This multisite, open-label, single-arm phase 2 study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00358150.
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Hwu WL, Chien YH, Lee NC. Newborn screening for neuropathic lysosomal storage disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 2010; 33:381-6. [PMID: 20532820 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2009] [Revised: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Interest in newborn screening (NBS) for lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) has increased significantly due to newly developed enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), the need for early diagnosis, and advances in technical developments. Since the central nervous system cannot be treated by ERT, neuronopathic LSDs are generally not the primary target of NBS. An exception is Krabbe disease, in which hematopoietic stem cell transplantation before the onset of symptoms has benefits. However, NBS for LSD relies on measuring enzyme activities, so the most severely affected individuals (usually patients with neuronopathic subtypes) will be detected together with patients with less severe disease. In the near future, NBS is likely to be developed for diseases such as Gaucher, Niemann-Pick A/B, and certain mucopolysaccharidoses. The ability to predict phenotypes (neuronopathic or not) by enzyme activity and genotyping will therefore be critical for adequate patient management. This article reviews the status of LSD screening and issues concerning detection of neuronopathic LSDs by screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuh-Liang Hwu
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Grigorescu-Sido P, Drugan C, Alkhzouz C, Zimmermann A, Coldea C, Denes C, Grigorescu MD, Cret V, Bucerzan S. Baseline characteristics and outcome in Romanian patients with Gaucher disease type 1. Eur J Intern Med 2010; 21:104-13. [PMID: 20206881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 10/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To present clinical and genetic characteristics of all Romanian patients with Gaucher disease type 1, in whom specific diagnosis has been confirmed by enzymatic and molecular methods and to analyze their outcome with and without enzymatic replacement therapy (ERT). PATIENTS, METHODS There are fifty patients (F/M - 1.63/1) with Gaucher disease type 1. Clinical status, haemoglobin, thrombocytes, hepatic/splenic volume, bone mineral density and severity score were assessed at baseline and every six months thereafter. Thirty-nine patients (78%) received imiglucerase (44.4+/-13.6 U/kg/2 weeks) for 3.1+/-1.4 years. RESULTS Based on general prevalence data, our group represents 22.7% of the expected total number of patients with Gaucher disease type 1 in Romania. Mean age was 15.5 years at clinical onset and 28.9 years at confirmation of diagnosis. The genotype N370S/L444P was frequent in our group (35.9% of alleles). Anaemia, thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly and bone disease were present at 38%, 70%, 100% and 84%, respectively. Mean values for haemoglobin, thrombocytes, hepatic volume and chitotriosidase normalized after 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3 years of ERT, respectively. Splenomegaly regressed from 14.4 x N (normal) to 3.06 x N over four years of treatment. Bone disease was ameliorated under ERT, yet bone mineral density worsened in patients treated with 30 U/kg/2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The genotype N370S/L444P is frequent in our patients, in line with the severe phenotypes. ERT improved haematological parameters and visceromegaly, without a clear benefit for bone mineral density. To attain therapeutic goals, an early treatment start with optimal dosage is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Grigorescu-Sido
- 1st Pediatric Clinic, Center of Genetic Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj, Romania
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Martins AM, Valadares ER, Porta G, Coelho J, Semionato Filho J, Pianovski MAD, Kerstenetzky MS, Montoril MDFP, Aranda PC, Pires RF, Mota RMV, Bortolheiro TC. Recommendations on diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring for Gaucher disease. J Pediatr 2009; 155:S10-8. [PMID: 19765407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Martins
- Centro de Referência em Erros Inatos, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Elstein D, Zimran A. Review of the safety and efficacy of imiglucerase treatment of Gaucher disease. Biologics 2009; 3:407-17. [PMID: 19774208 PMCID: PMC2747339 DOI: 10.2147/btt.2009.3497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Most patients who suffer from symptomatic Gaucher disease will benefit from enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with imiglucerase. The safety profile is excellent, only a small percentage of those exposed developing antibodies; similarly, very few patients require pre-medication for allergic reactions. Within 3 to 5 years of imiglucerase therapy, best documented at doses of 30 to 60 units/kg/infusion, hepatosplenomegaly can be expected to be reduced so that the liver volume will be maintained at 1 to 1.5 times normal (30% to 40% reduction from advent of ERT) and spleen volume to </= 2 to 8 times normal (50% to 60% reduction from advent of ERT). For anemic and thrombocytopenic patients, with 2 to 5 years of imiglucerase, hemoglobin levels are expected to be >/= 11 g/dL for women and children and >/= 12 g/dL for men; and platelet counts in patients with an intact spleen, depending on the baseline value, should approximately be doubled. Bone crises and bone pain but not irreversible skeletal damage will improve in most patients. Nonetheless, some features and some symptomatic patients apparently do not respond equally well and/or perhaps inadequately. The benefit for patients with the neuronopathic forms is primarily in improved visceral and hematological signs and symptoms. There are still several unresolved issues, the high per-unit cost being an important one, which have spurred the development of biosimilar enzymes as well as chaperone therapies currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Elstein
- Gaucher Clinic, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Elstein D, Zimran A. Review of the safety and efficacy of imiglucerase treatment of Gaucher disease. Biologics 2009. [PMID: 19774208 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s3769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Most patients who suffer from symptomatic Gaucher disease will benefit from enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with imiglucerase. The safety profile is excellent, only a small percentage of those exposed developing antibodies; similarly, very few patients require pre-medication for allergic reactions. Within 3 to 5 years of imiglucerase therapy, best documented at doses of 30 to 60 units/kg/infusion, hepatosplenomegaly can be expected to be reduced so that the liver volume will be maintained at 1 to 1.5 times normal (30% to 40% reduction from advent of ERT) and spleen volume to </= 2 to 8 times normal (50% to 60% reduction from advent of ERT). For anemic and thrombocytopenic patients, with 2 to 5 years of imiglucerase, hemoglobin levels are expected to be >/= 11 g/dL for women and children and >/= 12 g/dL for men; and platelet counts in patients with an intact spleen, depending on the baseline value, should approximately be doubled. Bone crises and bone pain but not irreversible skeletal damage will improve in most patients. Nonetheless, some features and some symptomatic patients apparently do not respond equally well and/or perhaps inadequately. The benefit for patients with the neuronopathic forms is primarily in improved visceral and hematological signs and symptoms. There are still several unresolved issues, the high per-unit cost being an important one, which have spurred the development of biosimilar enzymes as well as chaperone therapies currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Elstein
- Gaucher Clinic, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Hollak CEM, de Fost M, van Dussen L, vom Dahl S, Aerts JMFG. Enzyme therapy for the treatment of type 1 Gaucher disease: clinical outcomes and dose – response relationships. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2009; 10:2641-52. [DOI: 10.1517/14656560903270520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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The female Gaucher patient: the impact of enzyme replacement therapy around key reproductive events (menstruation, pregnancy and menopause). Blood Cells Mol Dis 2009; 43:264-88. [PMID: 19502088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The principal manifestations of type 1 Gaucher disease (GD) (increased risk of bleeding, anaemia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and bone disease) are likely to affect females during reproductive events such as menarche and menstruation; fertility, pregnancy, parity, delivery and lactation; and menopause. In order to determine the optimal management of female Gaucher patients based on available data, we examine reproductive events and GD in untreated and alglucerase and/or imiglucerase-treated females. METHODS A panel of international clinicians experienced in the management of GD reviewed and presented evidence from peer-reviewed literature, a pharmacovigilance database on imiglucerase, and their own clinical experience to support discussions and recommendations. Nine panel members completed a 130-item-questionnaire on the outcomes of the management of female patients in their clinical practice. Results, covering menarche (137 females), menstruation (261 reports), fertility (295 females), pregnancy (416 pregnancies in 247 women) and menopause (45 women) were analysed. Data from a recent Canadian survey on 50 patients with 39 pregnancies, the imiglucerase pharmacovigilance database (100 pregnancies), and relevant literature (56 items covering 398 pregnancies in 205 women) were also reviewed. KEY RESULTS Menarche: May be delayed in girls with GD. Menorrhagia: Appears to be more common in GD than in the non-Gaucher population and may be ameliorated by alglucerase and/or imiglucerase treatment (menorrhagia in 67/133 (50.4%) untreated females compared with 37/128 (28.9%) treated; Mann-Whitney U test: p=0.001). Fertility: There is no evidence of decreased fertility in GD. Pregnancy: Pregnancy in GD may be complicated by haematological disease, organomegaly and bone involvement. GD diagnosis occurs frequently during pregnancy. Questionnaire results demonstrate: a reduced risk of spontaneous abortion in women treated with alglucerase and/or imiglucerase (untreated: 26/189 (13.8%); treated 1/58 (1.7%) chi(2)p=0.010); reduced risk of Gaucher-related complications during delivery (untreated 43/109 (39.4%); treated 3/46 (6.5%) chi(2)p<0.0005): and a reduced risk of Gaucher-related complications during the post partum period (untreated 15/71 (21.1%); treated 3/43 (7%) chi(2)p=0.014). There is no evidence to date of any untoward effect of alglucerase and/or imiglucerase on the fetus, or on infants breast fed by mothers receiving alglucerase and/or imiglucerase. Menopause: The impact of GD on menopause requires further study especially in relation to bone pathology. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of this review, GD may have an impact on reproductive events in affected women. Enzyme therapy may have benefits in reducing menorrhagia, spontaneous abortions and complications associated with delivery and the postpartum period.
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Hendriksz CJ. Inborn errors of metabolism for the diagnostic radiologist. Pediatr Radiol 2009; 39:211-20. [PMID: 19082997 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-008-1072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 09/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inherited metabolic disorders are becoming more important with the increasing availability of diagnostic methods and therapies for these conditions. The radiologist has become an important link in making the diagnosis or collaborating with the specialist centre to diagnose these disorders and monitor effects of therapy. The modes of presentation, disease-specific groups, classic radiological features and investigations are explored in this article to try and give the general radiologist some crucial background knowledge. The following presentations are covered: acute intoxication, hypoglycaemia, developmental delay and storage features. Specific groups of disorders covered are the abnormalities of intermediary metabolism, disorders of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis, mitochondrial disorders, lysosomal storage disorders, and, briefly, other groups such as peroxisomal disorders, disorders of glycosylation, and creatine synthesis disorders. New advances and the demands for monitoring are also briefly explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Hendriksz
- Department of Clinical Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK.
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Abstract
Gaucher disease is the most common lysosomal storage disease, and the first lysosomal storage disease for which a specific therapy has been developed. Enzyme replacement therapy, with glucocerebrosidase purified from human placentae, was introduced in 1991. Recombinant human glucocerebrosidase, produced by Chinese hamster ovary cells in tissue culture, became available in 1994 and has replaced the placenta-derived product. These therapies have revolutionized the care of patients with type 1 Gaucher disease, reversing many of the pathological consequences of this disease, and preventing further progression. Furthermore, they have served as a model for the treatment of other lysosomal storage diseases and inborn errors of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Charrow
- Children's Memorial Hospital, Division of Genetics, Birth Defects and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA.
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vom Dahl S, Mistry PK, Schuetz S, Poll LW. Preventing the irreversible: Time to avascular necrosis, treatment intervention, and bone management guidelines in Gaucher disease. Clin Ther 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-2918(09)80016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaucher disease (GD) is a highly heterogeneous disorder with multisystem involvement. Specific therapeutic goals for each manifestation of type 1 GD (GD1) were established in 2004 by an international panel of experts, to facilitate better management of GD1 patients. The goals were defined based on experience with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) using imiglucerase. Miglustat, a small iminosugar, is the only commercially available substrate reduction therapy (SRT) for patients with GD1. Several clinical studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of miglustat on cardinal disease manifestations of GD1. OBJECTIVE To review the currently available data on miglustat, and provide guidance on the attainment of the GD therapeutic goals with miglustat therapy. METHODS A literature search identified publications on miglustat using MEDLINE, HighWire Press, and Google Scholar databases. Articles were identified using the terms 'miglustat' and 'Gaucher disease type 1'. FINDINGS Improvements in hematological manifestations and organomegaly can be expected with miglustat therapy, with disease stabilization achievable over the long term. Recent data suggest that miglustat can maintain stability in patients with mild to moderate GD1 who have been previously treated with ERT. Miglustat may be beneficial with regards to bone manifestations, with reduction in the incidence of patients reporting bone pain and improvements in bone mineral density seen within the first 24 months of therapy. CONCLUSIONS Several of the therapeutic goals for patients with GD1 can be achieved with miglustat therapy. In select cases, miglustat can be considered an alternative to ERT for the treatment of patients with GD1. Long-term experience with the use of miglustat will help define its overall safety and efficacy; this information will be useful in determining the role of SRT using miglustat in the management of the general adult GD1 patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Pastores
- Neurology and Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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