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Evaluation of Phenolic Compounds and Pigments in Freshwater Cladophora glomerata Biomass from Various Lithuanian Rivers as a Potential Future Raw Material for Biotechnology. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14071138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater macroalgae produces a wide range of bioactive compounds, and interest in utilizing its biomass is growing rapidly. Meanwhile, exploiting renewable sources for biomass collection could lead to more sustainable biotechnological chains. The aim of this study was to investigate Cladophora glomerata biomass from Lithuanian rivers as a potential raw material for biotechnology. For this reason, phenolic compound profiles, antioxidant activity and pigment concentrations were determined in macroalgal biomass samples collected from the following four Lithuanian rivers: Dubysa (B1), Šventoji (B2), Nevėžis (B3) and Jūra (B4). The highest total phenolic compound content was determined in B3 (1.32 mg GAE/g). Three phenolic acids were identified, namely gallic (12.94–35.13 µg/g), p-hydroxybenzoic (23.97–29.05 µg/g) and p-coumaric (1.79–6.46 µg/g). The results indicate significant C. glomerata antioxidant activity; the highest reducing power reached 0.737 AU (B3), the total antioxidant content was 1.47 mg Trolox/g (B3), DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging was 11.09% (B3) and 97.86% (B1) and FRAP activity 20.86 µmol/L (B3). The content of pigments ranged from 0.56-0.74, 0.39–0.57, 0.17–0.23 to 0.11–0.17 mg/g in chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, and lutein, respectively. To conclude, C. glomerata macroalgal biomass may have the potential to act as a functional raw material, as several groups of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities were observed.
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Biomass of green filamentous alga Cladophora (Chlorophyta) from a hypersaline lake in Crimea as a prospective source of lutein and other pigments. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Grčević M, Kralik Z, Kralik G, Galović O. Effects of dietary marigold extract on lutein content, yolk color and fatty acid profile of omega-3 eggs. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2292-2299. [PMID: 30324676 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lutein is a plant pigment very important for eye health in humans. Its bioavailability in humans is better from egg yolk than from dietary supplements. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of lutein (marigold extract powder) supplemented to laying hens' feed rich in omega-3 fatty acids on the content of lutein, fatty acid profile in egg yolks and yolk color. The diets that contained 5% of oils as a source of omega-3 fatty acids were supplemented with 0, 1 and 2 g kg-1 of marigold powder. RESULTS The best enrichment of eggs with lutein was achieved by supplementing 2 g marigold kg-1 of feed. Yolk color was significantly intensified (P < 0.001) by supplementing 1 g marigold kg-1 of feed. The content of total saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) remained unchanged, whereas the content of total n-3 PUFA (P = 0.017) and docosahexaenoic acid (P < 0.001) was higher in the group with 2 g marigold kg-1 of feed. This group also had the most favorable ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA. CONCLUSION Results of this research showed that addition of marigold powder to laying hens' feed significantly increased egg lutein content and yolk color, and altered the fatty acid profile in yolk. Eggs with increased lutein content and a favorable profile of fatty acids are a good source of these ingredients in human nutrition. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Grčević
- Department of Animal Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Science Unit for Research, Production and Medical Testing of Functional Food, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zlata Kralik
- Department of Animal Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Science Unit for Research, Production and Medical Testing of Functional Food, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Gordana Kralik
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Science Unit for Research, Production and Medical Testing of Functional Food, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Olivera Galović
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Science Unit for Research, Production and Medical Testing of Functional Food, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Protection of Kaempferol on Oxidative Stress-Induced Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1610751. [PMID: 30584457 PMCID: PMC6280232 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1610751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The protection of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) injury plays an important role in the prevention of or in delaying the pathological progress of retinal degeneration diseases, like age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa. Oxidative stress has been identified as a major inducer of RPE injury, which eventually could lead to a loss of vision. Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid widely distributed in many edible plants, fruits, and traditional medicines and has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. The present study demonstrates that the total antioxidant capacity of kaempferol is approximately two times stronger than that of lutein which is also a natural antioxidant that is widely used in the prevention or treatment of AMD. Our data indicates that kaempferol protects human RPE cells (ARPE-19) from hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced oxidative cell damage and apoptosis through the signaling pathways involving Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3 molecules proofed by real-time PCR and Western blot results. Kaempferol also inhibits the upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression levels induced by H2O2 in ARPE-19 cells and affects the oxidation and antioxidant imbalanced system in ARPE-19 cells treated by H2O2 through the regulations of both the activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Furthermore, our in vivo experimental results show that in sodium iodate-induced retinal degeneration rat model, kaempferol could protect sodium iodate-induced pathological changes of retina tissue and retinal cells apoptosis as well as the upregulated VEGF protein expression in RPE cells. In summary, these novel findings demonstrate that kaempferol could protect oxidative stressed-human RPE cell damage through its antioxidant activity and antiapoptosis function, suggesting that kaempferol has a potential role in the prevention and therapeutic treatment of AMD or other retinal diseases mediated by oxidative stress.
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Mickens MA, Skoog EJ, Reese LE, Barnwell PL, Spencer LE, Massa GD, Wheeler RM. A strategic approach for investigating light recipes for 'Outredgeous' red romaine lettuce using white and monochromatic LEDs. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2018; 19:53-62. [PMID: 30482283 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To optimize crop production/quality in space, we studied various "light recipes" that could be used in the Advanced Plant Habitat currently aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. 'Outredgeous') plants were grown for 28 days under seven treatments of white (W) LEDs (control), red (635 nm) and blue (460 nm) (RB) LEDs, W + blue (B) LEDs, W + green (520 nm) (G) LEDs, W + red (R) LEDs, W + far red (745 nm) (FR) LEDs, and RGB + FR LEDs with ratios similar to natural sunlight. Total PAR was maintained near 180 µmol m-2 s-1 with an 18 h photoperiod. Lettuce grown under RGB + FR produced the greatest leaf expansion and overall shoot biomass, while leaves from WB and RB showed the highest levels of pigmentation, secondary metabolites, and elemental nutrients. All other supplemental treatments had varying impacts on morphology that were dependent on crop age. The WG treatment increased fresh mass early in the cycle, while WR increased biomass later in the cycle. The plants grown under WFR exhibited elongation of petioles, lower nutrient content, and similar shoot biomass to the W control. The findings suggest that supplementing a broad spectrum, white light background with discrete wavelengths can be used to manipulate total yield, morphology, and levels of phytonutrients in lettuce at various times during the crop cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Mickens
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States.
| | - E J Skoog
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States
| | - L E Reese
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States
| | - P L Barnwell
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States
| | - L E Spencer
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States; AECOM Laboratory Support Services and Operations, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States
| | - G D Massa
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States
| | - R M Wheeler
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States
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Jia YP, Sun L, Yu HS, Liang LP, Li W, Ding H, Song XB, Zhang LJ. The Pharmacological Effects of Lutein and Zeaxanthin on Visual Disorders and Cognition Diseases. Molecules 2017; 22:E610. [PMID: 28425969 PMCID: PMC6154331 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) are dietary carotenoids derived from dark green leafy vegetables, orange and yellow fruits that form the macular pigment of the human eyes. It was hypothesized that they protect against visual disorders and cognition diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), age-related cataract (ARC), cognition diseases, ischemic/hypoxia induced retinopathy, light damage of the retina, retinitis pigmentosa, retinal detachment, uveitis and diabetic retinopathy. The mechanism by which they are involved in the prevention of eye diseases may be due their physical blue light filtration properties and local antioxidant activity. In addition to their protective roles against light-induced oxidative damage, there are increasing evidences that L and Z may also improve normal ocular function by enhancing contrast sensitivity and by reducing glare disability. Surveys about L and Z supplementation have indicated that moderate intakes of L and Z are associated with decreased AMD risk and less visual impairment. Furthermore, this review discusses the appropriate consumption quantities, the consumption safety of L, side effects and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Jia
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - He-Shui Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Li-Peng Liang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Wei Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Hui Ding
- Tianjin Zhongyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Xin-Bo Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
- Tianjin Zhongyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Management of Ocular Diseases Using Lutein and Zeaxanthin: What Have We Learned from Experimental Animal Studies? J Ophthalmol 2015; 2015:523027. [PMID: 26617995 PMCID: PMC4651639 DOI: 10.1155/2015/523027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zeaxanthin and lutein are two carotenoid pigments that concentrated in the retina, especially in the macula. The effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on the prevention and treatment of various eye diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and cataract, ischemic/hypoxia induced retinopathy, light damage of the retina, retinitis pigmentosa, retinal detachment, and uveitis, have been studied in different experimental animal models. In these animal models, lutein and zeaxanthin have been reported to have beneficial effects in protecting ocular tissues and cells (especially the retinal neurons) against damage caused by different etiological factors. The mechanisms responsible for these effects of lutein and zeaxanthin include prevention of phototoxic damage by absorption of blue light, reduction of oxidative stress through antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging, and their anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties. The results of these experimental animal studies may provide new preventive and therapeutic procedures for clinical management of various vision-threatening diseases.
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Zeaxanthin inhibits hypoxia-induced VEGF secretion by RPE cells through decreased protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factors-1α. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:687386. [PMID: 25688362 PMCID: PMC4320873 DOI: 10.1155/2015/687386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is the most important stimulus leading to upregulation of VEGF in the retina and this is caused by accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factors-1α (HIF-1α) protein. The effects of zeaxanthin, a natural phytochemical, on the VEGF and HIF-1α expression in the primary culture of human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells were studied. An in vitro RPE cell hypoxia model was established by placing cells under 1% oxygen pressure or by adding cobalt chloride (CoCl2) to the culture medium. RPE cells and conditioned media were collected from cultures treated with and without zeaxanthin under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. VEGF and HIF-1α protein and RNA levels were measured by ELISA kits and RT-PCR, respectively. Hypoxia caused a significant increase of VEGF expression and accumulation of HIF-1α in RPE cells. Zeaxanthin at 50-150 μM significantly inhibited the expression of VEGF and accumulation of HIF-1α protein caused by hypoxia but did not affect expression of VEGF and HIF-1α under normoxic conditions. This is the first report on the effect of zeaxanthin on VEGF and HIF-1α levels in cultured RPE cells and suggests that zeaxanthin may have potential value in the prevention and treatment of various retinal diseases associated with vascular leakage and neovascularization.
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Casaroli-Marano RP, Alforja S, Giralt J, Farah ME. Epimacular brachytherapy for wet AMD: current perspectives. Clin Ophthalmol 2014; 8:1661-70. [PMID: 25210436 PMCID: PMC4155998 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s46068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is considered the most common cause of blindness in the over-60 age group in developed countries. There are basically two forms of presentation: geographic (dry or atrophic) and wet (neovascular or exudative). Geographic atrophy accounts for approximately 85%–90% of ophthalmic frames and leads to a progressive degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium and the photoreceptors. Wet AMD causes the highest percentage of central vision loss secondary to disease. This neovascular form involves an angiogenic process in which newly formed choroidal vessels invade the macular area. Today, intravitreal anti-angiogenic drugs attempt to block the angiogenic events and represent a major advance in the treatment of wet AMD. Currently, combination therapy for wet AMD includes different forms of radiation delivery. Epimacular brachytherapy (EMBT) seems to be a useful approach to be associated with current anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, presenting an acceptable efficacy and safety profile. However, at the present stage of research, the results of the clinical trials carried out to date are insufficient to justify extending routine use of EMBT for the treatment of wet AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo P Casaroli-Marano
- Instituto Clínic de Oftalmología (Hospital Clínic de Barcelona), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Socorro Alforja
- Instituto Clínic de Oftalmología (Hospital Clínic de Barcelona), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Giralt
- Instituto Clínic de Oftalmología (Hospital Clínic de Barcelona), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michel E Farah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Hong T, Flood V, Rochtchina E, Mitchell P, Russell J, Wang JJ. Adherence to dietary guidelines and the 10-year cumulative incidence of visual impairment: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2014; 158:302-8. [PMID: 24844974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether adherence to dietary guidelines at baseline is associated with the incidence of visual impairment among older persons after 10 years. DESIGN A population-based cohort of 3654 participants of the Blue Mountains Eye Study were examined at baseline and were reexamined after 5 and 10 years. METHODS The incidence of visual impairment was defined as best-corrected visual acuity (VA)<20/40 at follow-up in 1 or both eyes. Dietary information was obtained at baseline using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Total Diet Score (TDS) was calculated based on the Australian diet quality index. TDS includes components of diet quality; poor dietary habits; and energy balance. Discrete logistic regression models with time-dependant outcome variables were used to calculate hazard risk ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) associated with incidence of visual impairment for each unit/quartile increase in TDS, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Of the 3654 baseline participants, 1963 had up to 10 years follow-up with completed FFQs. With each unit increase in TDS, the risk of visual impairment decreased (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.88-1.00). The risk of developing visual impairment was lower among persons in the highest compared to the lowest TDS quartile (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.47-1.05). This association was significant among persons aged 65+ years (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.38-0.98) but not those aged <65 years (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.46-1.97). CONCLUSIONS Compliance to dietary guidelines was associated with a decreased long-term risk of visual impairment in this sample of Australians aged 65+ years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hong
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Victoria Flood
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elena Rochtchina
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joanna Russell
- School of Health & Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jie Jin Wang
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Abstract
The lens and retina of the human eye are exposed constantly to light and oxygen. In situ phototransduction and oxidative phosphorylation within photoreceptors produces a high level of phototoxic and oxidative related stress. Within the eye, the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin are present in high concentrations in contrast to other human tissues. We discuss the role of lutein and zeaxanthin in ameliorating light and oxygen damage, and preventing age-related cellular and tissue deterioration in the eye. Epidemiologic research shows an inverse association between levels of lutein and zeaxanthin in eye tissues and age related degenerative diseases such as macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts. We examine the role of these carotenoids as blockers of blue-light damage and quenchers of oxygen free radicals. This article provides a review of possible mechanisms of lutein action at a cellular and molecular level. Our review offers insight into current clinical trials and experimental animal studies involving lutein, and possible role of nutritional intervention in common ocular diseases that cause blindness.
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Beicht J, Zeeb B, Gibis M, Fischer L, Weiss J. Influence of layer thickness and composition of cross-linked multilayered oil-in-water emulsions on the release behavior of lutein. Food Funct 2013; 4:1457-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60220f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zheng W, Zhang Z, Jiang K, Zhu J, He G, Ke B. Macular pigment optical density and its relationship with refractive status and foveal thickness in Chinese school-aged children. Curr Eye Res 2012; 38:168-73. [PMID: 22906053 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2012.713150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and its relationship with refractive status and foveal thickness in Chinese school-aged children. METHODS Ninety-four healthy Chinese children, 6 to 12 years old, were recruited to the study. MPOD was measured with a heterochromatic flicker photometer (HFP), and foveal thickness, including both minimum and central foveal thicknesses (MFT and CFT, respectively), were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) with fast macular map scan. A noncontact tonometer was used to measure intraocular pressure (IOP) followed by determination of the refraction using an autorefractor after cycloplegia. Information on body mass index (BMI) was obtained. The correlation between MPOD values and foveal thickness, spherical equivalent (SE) refraction, IOP, BMI, sex, and age was statistically analyzed using SAS 8.2 statistical software. RESULTS The MPOD in examined school-aged children was 0.56 ± 0.25, without any significant difference between boys and girls (p = 0.12). MPOD showed no significant association with age, BMI, IOP, SE, MFT, or CFT. In the myopia group, however, there was an inverse relationship between MPOD and MFT (R =-0.66, p = 0.028) and a positive relationship between MPOD and CFT (R = 0.67, p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS MPOD was inversely related to MFT and positively related to CFT in Chinese school-age children with low-to-moderate myopia. MPOD showed no significant association with age, BMI, IOP, SE or foveal thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, First People's Hospital of Shanghai Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Dani C, Lori I, Favelli F, Frosini S, Messner H, Wanker P, De Marini S, Oretti C, Boldrini A, Ciantelli M, Bragetti P, Germini C. Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation in preterm infants to prevent retinopathy of prematurity: a randomized controlled study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2011; 25:523-7. [PMID: 22003960 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2011.629252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lutein and its isomer zeaxanthin (L/Z) function in the eye as antioxidant agents and blue-light filters. Our aim was to evaluate whether their administration could help decrease the occurrence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants. METHODS Infants with gestational age ≤32 weeks were randomly assigned to receive a daily dose of L/Z (0.14 + 0.006 mg) or placebo until discharge. RESULTS ROP occurrence was similar in the L/Z (11/58; 19%) and placebo (15/56; 27%) groups, as the occurrence of ROP at each stage and the need of eye surgery. CONCLUSION L/Z supplementation was ineffective in preventing ROP in preterm infants and did not affect the outcome at discharge of our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Dani
- Department of Surgical and Medical Critical Care, Section of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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