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da Cruz Lage R, Marques CDL, Oliveira TL, Resende GG, Kohem CL, Saad CG, Ximenes AC, Gonçalves CR, Bianchi WA, de Souza Meirelles E, Keiserman MW, Chiereghin A, Campanholo CB, Lyrio AM, Schainberg CG, Pieruccetti LB, Yazbek MA, Palominos PE, Goncalves RSG, Assad RL, Bonfiglioli R, Lima SMAAL, Carneiro S, Azevedo VF, Albuquerque CP, Bernardo WM, Sampaio-Barros PD, de Medeiros Pinheiro M. Brazilian recommendations for the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with axial spondyloarthritis. Adv Rheumatol 2021; 61:4. [PMID: 33468245 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-020-00160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of chronic inflammatory systemic diseases characterized by axial and/or peripheral joints inflammation, as well as extra-articular manifestations. Over some decades, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been the basis for the pharmacological treatment of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). However, the emergence of the immunobiologic agents brought up the discussion about the role of NSAIDs in the management of these patients. The objective of this guideline is to provide recommendations for the use of NSAIDs for the treatment of axSpA. A panel of experts from the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials for 15 predefined questions. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology to assess the quality of evidence and formulate recommendations were used, and at least 70% agreement of the voting panel was needed. Fourteen recommendations for the use of NSAIDs in the treatment of patients with axSpA were elaborated. The purpose of these recommendations is to support clinicians' decision making, without taking out his/her autonomy when prescribing for an individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo da Cruz Lage
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Alameda Álvaro Celso 175, Ambulatório Bias Fortes, 2° andar, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30150-260, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Gustavo Gomes Resende
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Alameda Álvaro Celso 175, Ambulatório Bias Fortes, 2° andar, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30150-260, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adriano Chiereghin
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica (PUC) de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - André Marun Lyrio
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica (PUC) de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rubens Bonfiglioli
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica (PUC) de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sueli Carneiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Kroon FPB, van der Burg LRA, Ramiro S, Landewé RBM, Buchbinder R, Falzon L, van der Heijde D. Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs for Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Cochrane Review. J Rheumatol 2016; 43:607-17. [PMID: 26834216 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.150721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the benefits and harms of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). METHODS Systematic review using Cochrane Collaboration methodology. INCLUSION CRITERIA randomized controlled trials (RCT) and quasi-RCT (to June 2014), investigating NSAID versus any control for axSpA, and observational studies of longterm effects (≥ 6 mos) of NSAID on radiographic progression or adverse events. Main outcomes were pain, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, radiographic progression, number of withdrawals because of adverse events, and number of serious adverse events. Risk of bias was assessed. RESULTS Thirty-five RCT, 2 quasi-RCT, and 2 cohort studies were included. Twenty-nine RCT and 2 quasi-RCT (n = 4356) were included in pooled analyses [traditional NSAID vs placebo (n = 5), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) vs placebo (n = 3), COX-2 vs traditional NSAID (n = 4), NSAID vs NSAID (n = 24), naproxen vs other NSAID (n = 3), and low- vs high-dose NSAID (n = 5)]. Compared with placebo, both traditional and COX-2 NSAID were consistently more efficacious at 6 weeks and equally safe after 12 weeks. No significant differences in benefits or harms between the 2 NSAID classes and no important differences in benefits or withdrawals because of adverse events between different NSAID were found, especially if studies with high risk of bias were excluded. Single studies suggest NSAID may retard radiographic progression, especially by continuous rather than on-demand NSAID use. CONCLUSION High-quality evidence indicates that both traditional and COX-2 NSAID are efficacious for treating axSpA, and harms are not different from placebo in the short term. Various NSAID are equally effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Féline P B Kroon
- From the Department of Rheumatology, and Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Malvern, Australia; Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.F.P. Kroon, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; L.R. van der Burg, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center; S. Ramiro, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnland Medical Center; R.B. Landewé, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, and Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center; R. Buchbinder, MBBS (Hons), PhD, Professor, Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University; L. Falzon, MD, PhD, Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center.
| | - Lennart R A van der Burg
- From the Department of Rheumatology, and Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Malvern, Australia; Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.F.P. Kroon, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; L.R. van der Burg, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center; S. Ramiro, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnland Medical Center; R.B. Landewé, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, and Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center; R. Buchbinder, MBBS (Hons), PhD, Professor, Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University; L. Falzon, MD, PhD, Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center
| | - Sofia Ramiro
- From the Department of Rheumatology, and Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Malvern, Australia; Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.F.P. Kroon, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; L.R. van der Burg, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center; S. Ramiro, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnland Medical Center; R.B. Landewé, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, and Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center; R. Buchbinder, MBBS (Hons), PhD, Professor, Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University; L. Falzon, MD, PhD, Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center
| | - Robert B M Landewé
- From the Department of Rheumatology, and Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Malvern, Australia; Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.F.P. Kroon, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; L.R. van der Burg, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center; S. Ramiro, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnland Medical Center; R.B. Landewé, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, and Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center; R. Buchbinder, MBBS (Hons), PhD, Professor, Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University; L. Falzon, MD, PhD, Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center
| | - Rachelle Buchbinder
- From the Department of Rheumatology, and Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Malvern, Australia; Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.F.P. Kroon, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; L.R. van der Burg, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center; S. Ramiro, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnland Medical Center; R.B. Landewé, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, and Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center; R. Buchbinder, MBBS (Hons), PhD, Professor, Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University; L. Falzon, MD, PhD, Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center
| | - Louise Falzon
- From the Department of Rheumatology, and Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Malvern, Australia; Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.F.P. Kroon, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; L.R. van der Burg, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center; S. Ramiro, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnland Medical Center; R.B. Landewé, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, and Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center; R. Buchbinder, MBBS (Hons), PhD, Professor, Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University; L. Falzon, MD, PhD, Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center
| | - Désirée van der Heijde
- From the Department of Rheumatology, and Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Malvern, Australia; Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.F.P. Kroon, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; L.R. van der Burg, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center; S. Ramiro, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnland Medical Center; R.B. Landewé, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, and Department of Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center; R. Buchbinder, MBBS (Hons), PhD, Professor, Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University; L. Falzon, MD, PhD, Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center
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Kroon FPB, van der Burg LRA, Ramiro S, Landewé RBM, Buchbinder R, Falzon L, van der Heijde D. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 2015:CD010952. [PMID: 26186173 PMCID: PMC8942090 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010952.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) comprises ankylosing spondylitis (radiographic axSpA) and non-radiographic (nr-)axSpA and is associated with psoriasis, uveitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are recommended as first-line drug treatment. OBJECTIVES To determine the benefits and harms of NSAIDs in axSpA. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE to 18 June 2014. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs of NSAIDs versus placebo or any comparator in adults with axSpA and observational cohort studies studying the long term effect (≥ six months) of NSAIDs on radiographic progression or adverse events (AEs). The main comparions were traditional or COX-2 NSAIDs versus placebo. The major outcomes were pain, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), radiographic progression, number of withdrawals due to AEs and number of serious AEs DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed the risk of bias, extracted data and assessed the quality of evidence for major outcomes using GRADE. MAIN RESULTS We included 39 studies (35 RCTs, two quasi-RCTs and two cohort studies); and 29 RCTs and two quasi-RCTs (n = 4356) in quantitative analyses for the comparisons: traditional NSAIDs versus placebo, cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) versus placebo, COX-2 versus traditional NSAIDs, NSAIDs versus NSAIDs, naproxen versus other NSAIDs, low versus high dose. Most trials were at unclear risk of selection bias (n = 29), although blinding of participants and personnel was adequate in 24 trials. Twenty-five trials had low risk of attrition bias and 29 trials had low risk of reporting bias. Risk of bias in both cohort studies was high for study participation, and low or unclear for all other criteria. No trials in the meta-analyses assessed patients with nr-axSpA.Traditional NSAIDs were more beneficial than placebo at six weeks. High quality evidence (four trials, N=850) indicates better pain relief with NSAIDs (pain in control group ranged from 57 to 64 on a 100mm visual analogue scale (VAS) and was 16.5 points lower in the NSAID group (95% confidence interval (CI) -20.8 to -12.2), lower scores indicate less pain, NNT 4 (3 to 6)); moderate quality evidence (one trial, n = 190) indicates improved disease activity with NSAIDs (BASDAI in control group was 54.7 on a 100-point scale and was 17.5 points lower in the NSAID group, 95% CI -23.1 to -11.8), lower scores indicate less disease activity, NNT 3 (2 to 4)); and high quality evidence (two trials, n = 356) indicates improved function with NSAIDs (BASFI in control group was 50.0 on a 100-point scale and was 9.1 points lower in the NSAID group (95% CI -13.0 to -5.1), lower scores indicate better functioning, NNT 5 (3 to 8)). High (five trials, n = 1165) and moderate (three trials, n = 671) quality evidence (downgraded due to potential imprecision) indicates that withdrawals due to AEs and number of serious AEs did not differ significantly between placebo (52/1000 and 2/1000) and NSAID (39/1000 and 3/1000) groups after 12 weeks (risk ratio (RR) 0.75, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.21; and RR 1.69, 95% CI 0.36 to 7.97, respectively). BASMI and radiographic progression were not reported.COX-2 NSAIDS were also more efficacious than placebo at six weeks. High quality evidence (two trials, n = 349) indicates better pain relief with COX-2 (pain in control group was 64 points and was 21.7 points lower in the COX-2 group (95% CI -35.9 to -7.4), NNT 3 (2 to 24)); moderate quality evidence (one trial, n = 193) indicates improved disease activity with COX-2 (BASDAI in control groups was 54.7 points and was 22 points lower in the COX-2 group (95% CI -27.4 to -16.6), NNT 2 (1 to 3)); and high quality evidence (two trials, n = 349) showed improved function with COX-2 (BASFI in control group was 50.0 points and was 13.4 points lower in the COX-2 group (95% CI -17.4 to -9.5), NNT 3 (2 to 4)). Low and moderate quality evidence (three trials, n = 669) (downgraded due to potential imprecision and heterogeneity) indicates that withdrawals due to AEs and number of serious AEs did not differ significantly between placebo (11/1000 and 2/1000) and COX-2 (24/1000 and 2/1000) groups after 12 weeks (RR 2.14, 95% CI 0.36 to 12.56; and RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.14 to 6.21, respectively). BASMI and radiographic progression were not reported.There were no significant differences in benefits (pain on VAS: MD -2.62, 95% CI -10.99 to 5.75; three trials, n = 669) or harms (withdrawals due to AEs: RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.82; four trials, n = 995) between NSAID classes. While indomethacin use resulted in significantly more AEs (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.48; 11 studies, n = 1135), and neurological AEs (RR 2.34, 95% CI 1.32 to 4.14; nine trials, n = 963) than other NSAIDs, these findings were not robust to sensitivity analyses. We found no important differences in harms between naproxen and other NSAIDs (three trials, n = 646), although other NSAIDs appeared more effective for relieving pain (MD 6.80, 95% CI 3.72 to 9.88; two trials, n = 232). We found no clear dose-response effect on benefits or harms (five studies, n = 1136). Single studies suggest NSAIDs may be effective in retarding radiographic progression, especially in certain subgroups of patients, e.g. patients with high CRP, and that this may be best achieved by continuous rather than on-demand use of NSAIDs. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS High to moderate quality evidence indicates that both traditional and COX-2 NSAIDs are efficacious for treating axSpA, and moderate to low quality evidence indicates harms may not differ from placebo in the short term. Various NSAIDs are equally effective. Continuous NSAID use may reduce radiographic spinal progression, but this requires confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Féline PB Kroon
- Leiden University Medical CenterDepartment of RheumatologyLeidenNetherlands
| | | | - Sofia Ramiro
- Academic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamDepartment of Clinical Immunology and RheumatologyAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Robert BM Landewé
- Academic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamDepartment of Clinical Immunology and RheumatologyAmsterdamNetherlands
- Atrium Medical CentreDepartment of RheumatologyHerleenNetherlands
| | - Rachelle Buchbinder
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash UniversityMonash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini HospitalSuite 41, Cabrini Medical Centre183 Wattletree RoadMalvernVictoriaAustralia3144
| | - Louise Falzon
- Columbia University Medical CenterCenter for Behavioral Cardiovascular HealthPH9 Room E319622 West 168th StNew YorkNYUSA10032
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