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O'Connor AM. Component Causes of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis: The Role of Genetic Factors in the Epidemiology of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2021; 37:321-327. [PMID: 34049662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to discuss the host as a cause of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). The focus is on the host genetics rather than characteristics of the host, such as age, sex, and season of birth. From 4 conducted studies, estimates of IBK heritability are generally less than 0.15, except for some estimates for Herefords and Angus cattle around 0.2 and 1 study reporting a heritability of 0.33. These magnitudes of heritability are typically described as low to moderate. Quantitative trait locus on chromosome 1, 2, 12, 13, 20, and 21 has been associated with IBK resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette M O'Connor
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, Room G-100, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Zheng W, Porter E, Noll L, Stoy C, Lu N, Wang Y, Liu X, Purvis T, Peddireddi L, Lubbers B, Hanzlicek G, Henningson J, Liu Z, Bai J. A multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection and differentiation of five bovine pinkeye pathogens. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 160:87-92. [PMID: 30930057 PMCID: PMC7114150 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), also known as pinkeye, is one of the most common eye diseases in cattle. Several pathogens have been associated with IBK cases, however, Moraxella bovis, Moraxella bovoculi, Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovoculi and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) are most frequently observed. A multiplex real-time PCR assay using two reactions was developed for the detection and differentiation of these five pathogens. Detection sensitivities of the multiplex assays were compared to singleplex reactions testing for the same targets. Correlation coefficients (R2) of >0.99, and PCR efficiencies between 92 and 106% were demonstrated in all singleplex and multiplex real-time PCR reactions. The limits of detection (LOD) of multiplex assays for Moraxella bovis, Moraxella bovoculi, Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovoculi and BHV-1 were 19, 23, 25, 24 and 26 copies per reaction, respectively. No cross amplification was observed for specificity testing of 179 IBK positive clinical samples and 55 non-target clinical samples. Percentage of clinical samples positive for Mycoplasma bovoculi, Moraxella bovoculi, Moraxella bovis, BHV-1 and Mycoplasma bovis were 88.8% (159/179), 75.9% (136/179), 60.3% (108/179), 11.7% (21/179) and 10.0% (18/179), respectively. Moraxella bovis, Moraxella bovoculi and Mycoplasma bovoculi were more prevalent than Mycoplasma bovis and BHV-1 in IBK samples collected from animals in this study population. Our data indicates that the multiplex real-time PCR panel assay is highly sensitive and highly specific for the detection and differentiation of the five major pathogens associated with bovine pinkeye. A multiplex real-time PCR is developed for the detection of five major IBK pathogens. Correlation coefficients of all standard curves were >0.99. PCR amplification efficiencies for the five pathogens were between 92% and 106%. Limits of detection were between 19 and 26 copies per reaction for the five pathogens. Moraxella bovoculi, Mycoplasma bovoculi, and Moraxella bovis were more prevalent IBK pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanglong Zheng
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Elizabeth Porter
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Lance Noll
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Colin Stoy
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Nanyan Lu
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Yin Wang
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Xuming Liu
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Tanya Purvis
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Lalitha Peddireddi
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Brian Lubbers
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Gregg Hanzlicek
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Jamie Henningson
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
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Sae-Lim P, Grøva L, Olesen I, Varona L. A comparison of nonlinear mixed models and response to selection of tick-infestation on lambs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172711. [PMID: 28257433 PMCID: PMC5336382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne fever (TBF) is stated as one of the main disease challenges in Norwegian sheep farming during the grazing season. TBF is caused by the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum that is transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus. A sustainable strategy to control tick-infestation is to breed for genetically robust animals. In order to use selection to genetically improve traits we need reliable estimates of genetic parameters. The standard procedures for estimating variance components assume a Gaussian distribution of the data. However, tick-count data is a discrete variable and, thus, standard procedures using linear models may not be appropriate. Thus, the objectives of this study were twofold: 1) to compare four alternative non-linear models: Poisson, negative binomial, zero-inflated Poisson and zero-inflated negative binomial based on their goodness of fit for quantifying genetic variation, as well as heritability for tick-count and 2) to investigate potential response to selection against tick-count based on truncation selection given the estimated genetic parameters from the best fit model. Our results showed that zero-inflated Poisson was the most parsimonious model for the analysis of tick count data. The resulting estimates of variance components and high heritability (0.32) led us to conclude that genetic determinism is relevant on tick count. A reduction of the breeding values for tick-count by one sire-dam genetic standard deviation on the liability scale will reduce the number of tick counts below an average of 1. An appropriate breeding scheme could control tick-count and, as a consequence, probably reduce TBF in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lise Grøva
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Gunnars veg 6, Tingvoll, Norway
| | | | - Luis Varona
- Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Kizilkaya K, Tait RG, Garrick DJ, Fernando RL, Reecy JM. Genome-wide association study of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in Angus cattle. BMC Genet 2013; 14:23. [PMID: 23530766 PMCID: PMC3673868 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-14-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) in beef cattle, commonly known as pinkeye, is a bacterial disease caused by Moraxellabovis. IBK is characterized by excessive tearing and ulceration of the cornea. Perforation of the cornea may also occur in severe cases. IBK is considered the most important ocular disease in cattle production, due to the decreased growth performance of infected individuals and its subsequent economic effects. IBK is an economically important, lowly heritable categorical disease trait. Mass selection of unaffected animals has not been successful at reducing disease incidence. Genome-wide studies can determine chromosomal regions associated with IBK susceptibility. The objective of the study was to detect single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with genetic variants associated with IBK in American Angus cattle. RESULTS The proportion of phenotypic variance explained by markers was 0.06 in the whole genome analysis of IBK incidence classified as two, three or nine categories. Whole-genome analysis using any categorisation of (two, three or nine) IBK scores showed that locations on chromosomes 2, 12, 13 and 21 were associated with IBK disease. The genomic locations on chromosomes 13 and 21 overlap with QTLs associated with Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, clinical mastitis or somatic cell count. CONCLUSIONS Results of these genome-wide analyses indicated that if the underlying genetic factors confer not only IBK susceptibility but also IBK severity, treating IBK phenotypes as a two-categorical trait can cause information loss in the genome-wide analysis. These results help our overall understanding of the genetics of IBK and have the potential to provide information for future use in breeding schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadir Kizilkaya
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
- Department of Animal Science, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, 09100 Turkey
| | - Richard G Tait
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Dorian J Garrick
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rohan L Fernando
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - James M Reecy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
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