1
|
Leung KY, Wang Q, Zheng X, Zhuang M, Yang Z, Shao S, Achmon Y, Siame BA. Versatile lifestyles of Edwardsiella: Free-living, pathogen, and core bacterium of the aquatic resistome. Virulence 2022; 13:5-18. [PMID: 34969351 PMCID: PMC9794015 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.2006890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella species in aquatic environments exist either as individual planktonic cells or in communal biofilms. These organisms encounter multiple stresses, include changes in salinity, pH, temperature, and nutrients. Pathogenic species such as E. piscicida, can multiply within the fish hosts. Additionally, Edwardsiella species (E. tarda), can carry antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) on chromosomes and/or plasmids, that can be transmitted to the microbiome via horizontal gene transfer. E. tarda serves as a core in the aquatic resistome. Edwardsiela uses molecular switches (RpoS and EsrB) to control gene expression for survival in different environments. We speculate that free-living Edwardsiella can transition to host-living and vice versa, using similar molecular switches. Understanding such transitions can help us understand how other similar aquatic bacteria switch from free-living to become pathogens. This knowledge can be used to devise ways to slow down the spread of ARGs and prevent disease outbreaks in aquaculture and clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Yin Leung
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, China,Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel,CONTACT Ka Yin Leung
| | - Qiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Cultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochang Zheng
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, China
| | - Mei Zhuang
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, China,Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zhiyun Yang
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, China,Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shuai Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yigal Achmon
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, China,Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bupe A. Siame
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, Canada,Bupe A. Siame
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Soto-Dávila M, Chakraborty S, Santander J. Relative expression and validation of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida reference genes during ex vivo and in vivo fish infection. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 103:105320. [PMID: 35753622 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The genus Aeromonas is found worldwide in freshwater and marine environments and has been implicated in the etiology of human and animal diseases. In fish, among Aeromonas species, A. salmonicida causes massive mortality and great economic losses in marine and continental aquaculture species. Currently, several aspects of the clinical signs and pathogenesis of this Gram-negative bacterium have been described; however, determination of an appropriate reference gene is essential to normalize cellular mRNA data remain unknown. Here we evaluate the stability of seven candidate reference genes to be used for data normalization during ex vivo and in vivo experiments conducted in Atlantic cod, Atlantic salmon, and lumpfish. To assess this, raw Ct values obtained were evaluated by using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, Delta Ct comparison, and the comprehensive ranking, through the bioinformatic open-access portal RefFinder. We determined that fabD and era were most suitable reference genes in Atlantic cod primary macrophages, hfq and era in Atlantic salmon primary macrophages, rpoB and fabD in lumpfish head kidney samples, and hfq and era in lumpfish spleen. Our study demonstrates that use of multiple reference genes and its validation before measurements helps to minimize variability arising in qPCR studies that evaluate A. salmonicida gene expression in fish tissues. Overall, this study provided with an expanded list of reliable reference genes for A. salmonicida gene expression using qPCR during fish infection studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Soto-Dávila
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Setu Chakraborty
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Javier Santander
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jin M, He J, Li J, Hu Y, Sun D, Gu H. Edwardsiella piscicida YccA: A novel virulence factor essential to membrane integrity, mobility, host infection, and host immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:318-326. [PMID: 35654386 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
YccA is a hydrophobic protein with seven transmembrane domains. The function of YccA is largely unknown in pathogenic bacteria. Edwardsiella piscicide (formerly known as E. tarda) is an aquatic pathogen that can infect various economically important fish, including flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). In this study, we investigated the role of YccA in E. piscicida by the construction of a mar kerless yccA in-frame mutant strain, TX01ΔyccA. We found that (i) in comparison to the wild type TX01, TX01ΔyccA exhibited markedly compromised tolerance to high temperature and tobramycin; (ii) deletion of yccA significantly impaired the integrity of the cell membrane and retarded bacterial biofilm formation and mobility; (iii) deficiency of yccA reduced bacterial adhesion and invasion of fish cells and immune tissues, while the introduction of a trans-expressed yccA gene restored the lost virulence of TX01ΔyccA; and (iv) host immune responses induced by TX01 and TX01ΔyccA were different in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and expression levels of cytokines. Taken together, the results of our study indicate that YccA is a novel virulence factor of E. piscicida, and YccA is essential for bacterial pathogenicity through evasion of the host's innate immune functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Jin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China; Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jiaojiao He
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China; School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Science and Medicine, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, 49783, USA
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Dongmei Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Hanjie Gu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Haikou, 571101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ye T, Mu C, Chen J, Pan G, Wang X. The role of UhpA in regulating the virulence gene expression in Edwardsiella piscicida. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:585-590. [PMID: 33245815 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida (E. piscicida) is an important fish pathogen. However, the mechanism of Glu6P transport regulatory protein UhpA how to affect the virulence gene expression in E. piscicida is still unclear. The results in this study showed that the metabolism-related gene expression of cysteine synthase (orf 1134) and sulphate transporter (ychM) in the uhpA mutant strain ΔuhpA was 0.76-fold and 0.68-fold lower than the ones in the wild strains (p < .05). The gene expression of ethA and ethB in the ΔuhpA strain was 0.80-fold and 0.72-fold lower than the ones in the wild strains (p < .05). However, the gene expression of fliC and flgN in the ΔuhpA was 1.51-fold and 1.21-fold higher than the ones in the wild strains (p < .05). The gene expression of T3SS (esrB and esrC) and T6SS (evpB and evpC) in the ΔuhpA was 1.27-fold, 1.13-fold, 1.28-fold and 1.23-fold higher than the ones in the wild strains (p < .05). This suggested that the uhpA gene could regulate the key virulence gene expression, and the uhpA gene was associated with the pathogenicity of E. piscicida in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingqi Ye
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention & Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Cuimin Mu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention & Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jiakang Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention & Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Guangchen Pan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention & Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xuepeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention & Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma D, Gu H, Shi Y, Huang H, Sun D, Hu Y. Edwardsiella piscicida YefM-YoeB: A Type II Toxin-Antitoxin System That Is Related to Antibiotic Resistance, Biofilm Formation, Serum Survival, and Host Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:646299. [PMID: 33732226 PMCID: PMC7957083 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.646299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistant bacteria is a tricky and confronted problem in modern medicine, and one of important reasons is the widespread of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems in pathogenic bacteria. Edwardsiella piscicida (also known as E. tarda) is the leading pathogen threatening worldwide fresh and seawater aquaculture industries and has been considered as a model organism for studying intracellular and systemic infections. However, the role of type II TA systems are completely unknown in aquatic pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we identified and characterized a type II TA system, YefM-YoeB, of E. piscicida, where YefM is the antitoxin and YoeB is the toxin. yefM and yoeB are co-expressed in a bicistronic operon. When expressed in E. coli, YoeB cause bacterial growth arrest, which was restored by the addition of YefM. To investigate the biological role of the TA system, two markerless yoeB and yefM-yoeB in-frame mutant strains, TX01ΔyoeB and TX01ΔyefM-yoeB, were constructed, respectively. Compared to the wild strain TX01, TX01ΔyefM-yoeB exhibited markedly reduced resistance against oxidative stress and antibiotic, and markedly reduced ability to form persistent bacteria. The deletion of yefM-yoeB enhanced the bacterial ability of high temperature tolerance, biofilm formation, and host serum resistance, which is the first study about the relationship between type II TA system and serum resistance. In vitro infection experiment showed that the inactivation of yefM-yoeB greatly enhanced bacterial capability of adhesion in host cells. Consistently, in vivo experiment suggested that the yefM-yoeB mutation had an obvious positive effect on bacteria dissemination of fish tissues and general virulence. Introduction of a trans-expressed yefM-yoeB restored the virulence of TX01ΔyefM-yoeB. These findings suggest that YefM-YoeB is involved in responding adverse circumstance and pathogenicity of E. piscicida. In addition, we found that YefM-YoeB negatively autoregulated the expression of yefM-yoeB and YefM could directly bind with own promoter. This study provides first insights into the biological activity of type II TA system YefM-YoeB in aquatic pathogenic bacteria and contributes to understand the pathogenesis of E. piscicida.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, China
| | - Hanjie Gu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, China
| | - Yanjie Shi
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, China
| | - Huiqin Huang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, China
| | - Dongmei Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Feng C, Tang Y, Liu X, Zhou Z. CMPK2 of triploid crucian carp is involved in immune defense against bacterial infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:103924. [PMID: 33186560 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) is a thymidylate kinase and in mammals is known to be involved in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) synthesis and antiviral immunity. However, very little is known about the function of CMPK2 in fish. With an aim to elucidate the antimicrobial mechanism of CMPK2 in fish, we in this study examined the function of CMPK2 from triploid crucian carp (3nCmpk2). 3nCmpk2 is 426 residues in length and possesses the conserved thymidylate kinase domain. The deduced amino acid sequence of 3nCmpk2 shares 53.2%-99.1% overall identities with the CMPK2 of several fish species. Quantitative real time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that 3nCmpk2 expression occurred in multiple tissues and was upregulated by bacterial infection in a time-dependent manner. Recombinant 3nCmpk2 (r3nCmpk2) induced mtDNA synthesis and NLRP3 activation. Overexpression of 3nCmpk2 protects the intestinal barrier and hampers the bacterial colonization in fish tissues. These results provide the first evidence that 3nCmpk2 is involved in host innate immunity and plays a protective role in antimicrobial responses during bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yiyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zejun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li XP, Zhang J. A live attenuated Edwardsiella tarda vaccine induces immunological expression pattern in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in the early phase of immunization. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 239:108872. [PMID: 32814144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A previous study showed that an attenuated Edwardsiella tarda strain, TXhfq, as a live vaccine could elicit protective immune effects in fish against E. tarda infection. In the current study, in order to clarify the molecular mechanism of fish immune response at the early stage after TXhfq vaccination, RNA-Seq technology was used to compare the transcriptomes of skin, intestine, and spleen between bath-vaccinated and unvaccinated Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). An average of 46.6 million clean reads per library was obtained, ~88.04% of which were successfully mapped to the reference genome, and approximately 24,600 genes were detected in each sample. A total of 565, 878, and 1258 differential expression genes (DEGs) were found in skin, intestine, and spleen, respectively, including 1263 up-regulated genes and 1438 down-regulated genes. The DEGs exhibited different characteristics in each tissue. One hundred and sixteen DEGs belonging to six immune related categories were scrutinized, i.e., inflammatory factors, cytokines, complement and coagulation system, mucins, phagocytosis, and antigen processing and presentation. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed to get the interaction network between immune genes during the early stage of immunization. The top six hub genes highly regulated by TXhfq formed complicated interaction relationship with each other, which were involved in immune processes, notably inflammation and phagocytosis. Our results provide valuable information for the understanding of the immune mechanism underlying the protection of live attenuated vaccines in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Peng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ning X, Sun L. Gene network analysis reveals a core set of genes involved in the immune response of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) against Vibrio anguillarum infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:800-809. [PMID: 31743762 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is one of the most economically important marine fish cultured in north Asia. Vibrio anguillarum is a severe bacterial pathogen to Japanese flounder and many other aquaculture species. In order to understand the immune response of flounder during bacterial infection, we systematically examined the transcriptome profiles of flounder spleen at three time points after V. anguillarum challenge. More than one billion high quality reads were obtained, approximately 80.70% of which were successfully mapped to the reference genome of flounder. A total of 6060, 4688 and 4235 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were captured at 6, 12 and 24-h post-infection, respectively. The DEGs exhibited dynamic changes in expression and were assigned into four different profiles based on expression trend. GO and KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched in various immune-related terms, including response to stimulation, immune system and pathways of cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Jak-STAT signaling and Toll-like receptor signaling. Furthermore, a network of highly interactive DEGs involved in 11 immune-related pathways was detected by utilizing the weighted co-expressing network analysis (WGCNA). Accordingly, 26 hub genes were discovered that constituted an elaborate immune regulatory network and functioned mainly in pathogen recognition, antigen processing, and molecular signaling. The results of this study provided the first systematical transcriptome profile of flounder in association with V. anguillarum infection and can serve as a valuable resource of target genes for future studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune defense of flounder against bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Ning
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hfq modulates global protein pattern and stress response in Bordetella pertussis. J Proteomics 2020; 211:103559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
10
|
Fang QJ, Han YX, Shi YJ, Huang HQ, Fang ZG, Hu YH. Universal stress proteins contribute Edwardsiella piscicida adversity resistance and pathogenicity and promote blocking host immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:248-258. [PMID: 31654767 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Universal stress proteins (Usps) exist ubiquitously in bacteria and other organisms. Usps play an important role in adaptation of bacteria to a variety of environmental stresses. There is increasing evidence that Usps facilitate pathogens to adapt host environment and are involved in pathogenicity. Edwardsiella piscicida (formerly included in E. tarda) is a severe fish pathogen and infects various important economic fish including tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). In E. piscicida, a number of systems and factors that are involved in stress resistance and pathogenesis were identified. However, the function of Usps in E. piscicida is totally unknown. In this study, we examined the expressions of 13 usp genes in E. piscicida and found that most of these usp genes were up-regulated expression under high temperature, oxidative stress, acid stress, and host serum stress. Particularly, among these usp genes, usp13, exhibited dramatically high expression level upon several stress conditions. To investigate the biological role of usp13, a markerless usp13 in-frame mutant strain, TX01Δusp13, was constructed. Compared to the wild type TX01, TX01Δusp13 exhibited markedly compromised tolerance to high temperature, hydrogen peroxide, and low pH. Deletion of usp13 significantly retarded bacterial biofilm growth and decreased resistance against serum killing. Pathogenicity analysis showed that the inactivation of usp13 significantly impaired the ability of E. piscicida to invade into host cell and infect host tissue. Introduction of a trans-expressed usp13 gene restored the lost virulence of TX01Δusp13. In support of these results, host immune response induced by TX01 and TX01Δusp13 was examined, and the results showed reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in TX01Δusp13-infected macrophages were significantly higher than those in TX01-infected cells. The expression level of several cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and CC2) in TX01Δusp13-infected fish was significantly higher than that in TX01-infected fish. These results suggested that the deletion of usp13 attenuated the ability of bacteria to overcome the host immune response to pathogen infection. Taken together, our study indicated Usp13 of E. piscicida was not only important participant in adversity resistance, but also was essential for E. piscicida pathogenicity and contributed to block host immune response to pathogen infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Jian Fang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Yue-Xin Han
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Yan-Jie Shi
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Hui-Qin Huang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Zai-Guang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Yong-Hua Hu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Haikou, 571101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li WR, Hu YH, Jiang S, Sun L. Global profiling and characterization of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) kidney microRNAs regulated by Edwardsiella tarda infection in a time-dependent fashion. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:766-780. [PMID: 31421241 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an important economic fish species farmed in China and other countries. It is susceptible to infection by Edwardsiella tarda, a severe fish pathogen with a broad host range. In this study, we employed high-throughput deep sequencing technology to identify, in a global scale, flounder kidney microRNAs (miRNAs) induced by E. tarda at different stages of infection. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) exhibiting significantly altered expression levels before and after E. tarda infection were examined. A total of 96 DEmiRNAs were identified, for which 2779 target genes were predicted. Eighty-seven miRNA-mRNA pairs, involving 29 DEmiRNAs and 86 DEmRNAs, showed negative correlations in their expression patterns. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the putative target genes of the DEmiRNAs were associated with diverse biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. One of the DEmiRNAs, pol-miR-182-5p, was demonstrated to regulate sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (PoS1PR1) negatively in a manner that depended on the specific interaction between the seed sequence of pol-miR-182-5p and the 3'-UTR of PoS1PR1. Overexpression of pol-miR-182-5p in flounder cells promoted apoptosis and inhibited cellular viability. Knockdown of PoS1PR1 in flounder enhanced E. tarda invasion and dissemination in fish tissues. These results provide new insights into miRNA-mediated anti-bacterial immunity in flounder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Rui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Hua Hu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), China
| | - Li Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gu HJ, Sun QL, Luo JC, Zhang J, Sun L. A First Study of the Virulence Potential of a Bacillus subtilis Isolate From Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:183. [PMID: 31214515 PMCID: PMC6554283 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is the best studied Gram-positive bacterium, primarily as a model of cell differentiation and industrial exploitation. To date, little is known about the virulence of B. subtilis. In this study, we examined the virulence potential of a B. subtilis strain (G7) isolated from the Iheya North hydrothermal field of Okinawa Trough. G7 is aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, and requires NaCl for growth. The genome of G7 is composed of one circular chromosome of 4,216,133 base pairs with an average GC content of 43.72%. G7 contains 4,416 coding genes, 27.5% of which could not be annotated, and the remaining 72.5% were annotated with known or predicted functions in 25 different COG categories. Ten sets of 23S, 5S, and 16S ribosomal RNA operons, 86 tRNA and 14 sRNA genes, 50 tandem repeats, 41 mini-satellites, one microsatellite, and 42 transposons were identified in G7. Comparing to the genome of the B. subtilis wild type strain NCIB 3610T, G7 genome contains many genomic translocations, inversions, and insertions, and twice the amount of genomic Islands (GIs), with 42.5% of GI genes encoding hypothetical proteins. G7 possesses abundant putative virulence genes associated with adhesion, invasion, dissemination, anti-phagocytosis, and intracellular survival. Experimental studies showed that G7 was able to cause mortality in fish and mice following intramuscular/intraperitoneal injection, resist the killing effect of serum complement, and replicate in mouse macrophages and fish peripheral blood leukocytes. Taken together, our study indicates that G7 is a B. subtilis isolate with unique genetic features and can be lethal to vertebrate animals once being introduced into the animals by artificial means. These results provide the first insight into the potential harmfulness of deep-sea B. subtilis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jie Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Lei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing-Chang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Du HH, Zhou HZ, Tang P, Huang HQ, Liu M, Hu YH. Global discovery of small RNAs in the fish pathogen Edwardsiella piscicida: key regulator of adversity and pathogenicity. Vet Res 2018; 49:120. [PMID: 30537995 PMCID: PMC6288947 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, bacterial small RNA (sRNA) has been shown to be involved as a key regulator in stress responses. sRNAs of Edwardsiella piscicida, an important aquatic pathogen, are not well characterized to date. In this study, using RNA-seq technology, we globally found and identified sRNA candidates expressed from E. piscicida grown in normal LB medium, acid pressure, iron deficiency stress, and oxidation pressure. A total of 148 sRNAs were found, including 19 previously annotated sRNAs and 129 novel sRNA candidates by searching against the Rfam database. Compared in normal condition, the expression of 103 sRNAs (DEsRNA, differentially expressed sRNA) and 1615 mRNAs (DEmRNAs, differentially expressed mRNA) showed significant differences in three stress sample. Based on the prediction by IntaRNA and relational analysis between DEsRNAs and DEmRNAs, 103 DEsRNAs were predicted to regulate 769 target mRNAs. Pleiotropic function of target DEmRNAs indicated that sRNAs extensively participated in a variety of physiological processes, including response to adversity and pathogenicity, the latter was further confirmed by infection experiment. A large number transcription factors appeared in target genes of sRNAs, which suggested that sRNAs likely deeply interlaced within complex gene regulatory networks of E. piscicida. Moreover, 49 Hfq-associated sRNAs were also identified in this study. In summary, we globally discovered sRNAs for the first time in pathogenic bacteria of fish, and our findings indicated that sRNAs in E. piscicida have important roles in adaptation to environmental stress and pathogenicity. These results also provide clues for deciphering regulation mechanism of gene expression related to physiological response and pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He-He Du
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Hai-Zhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Tang
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650200, China
| | - Hui-Qin Huang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China. .,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Yong-Hua Hu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China. .,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Haikou, 571101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tang X, Liu F, Sheng X, Xing J, Zhan W. Recombinant NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase of Edwardsiella tarda induces both Th1 and Th2 type immune responses and evokes protective efficacy against edwardsiellosis. Vaccine 2018; 36:2337-2345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
15
|
Zhou ZJ, Sun L. Edwardsiella tarda-Induced Inhibition of Apoptosis: A Strategy for Intracellular Survival. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:76. [PMID: 27471679 PMCID: PMC4943942 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that can infect a wide range of freshwater and marine fish. One salient feature of E. tarda is the ability to survive and replicate in various host cells. In this study, we observed that E. tarda replicated robustly in the zebrafish cell line ZF4, and that E. tarda-infected cells exhibited no detectable signs of apoptosis. Global transcriptome analysis and quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed that E. tarda infection generally significantly downregulated pro-apoptotic genes and upregulated anti-apoptotic genes. To investigate the role of apoptosis in E. tarda infection, two upregulated anti-apoptotic genes (Fech and Prx3) and two downregulated pro-apoptotic genes (Brms1a and Ivns1a) were overexpressed in zebrafish. Subsequent infection study showed that Fech and Prx3 overexpression significantly promoted E. tarda dissemination in and colonization of fish tissues, while Brms1a and Ivns1a overexpression significantly reduced E. tarda dissemination and colonization. Consistently, when Fech and Prx3 were knocked down in zebrafish, E. tarda infection was significantly inhibited, whereas Brms1a and Ivns1a knockdown significantly enhanced E. tarda infection. These results indicate for the first time that E. tarda prevents apoptosis in teleost as a strategy for intracellular survival, and that some putative apoptotic genes of teleost function in the apoptosis pathway probably in a manner similar to that in mammalian systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The serine protease autotransporter Tsh contributes to the virulence of Edwardsiella tarda. Vet Microbiol 2016; 189:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
17
|
Sun YY, Sun L. A Teleost Bactericidal Permeability-Increasing Protein Kills Gram-Negative Bacteria, Modulates Innate Immune Response, and Enhances Resistance against Bacterial and Viral Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154045. [PMID: 27105425 PMCID: PMC4841584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is an important factor of innate immunity that in mammals is known to take part in the clearance of invading Gram-negative bacteria. In teleost, the function of BPI is unknown. In the present work, we studied the function of tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) BPI, CsBPI. We found that CsBPI was produced extracellularly by peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). Recombinant CsBPI (rCsBPI) was able to bind to a number of Gram-negative bacteria but not Gram-positive bacteria. Binding to bacteria led to bacterial death through membrane permeabilization and structural destruction, and the bound bacteria were more readily taken up by PBL. In vivo, rCsBPI augmented the expression of a wide arrange of genes involved in antibacterial and antiviral immunity. Furthermore, rCsBPI enhanced the resistance of tongue sole against bacterial as well as viral infection. These results indicate for the first time that a teleost BPI possesses immunoregulatory effect and plays a significant role in antibacterial and antiviral defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-yuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hu YH, Sun L. The global regulatory effect of Edwardsiella tarda Fur on iron acquisition, stress resistance, and host infection: A proteomics-based interpretation. J Proteomics 2016; 140:100-10. [PMID: 27102497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is an important transcriptional regulator of Gram-negative bacteria. Edwardsiella tarda is a severe fish bacterial pathogen with a broad host range that includes humans. In this study, we examined the regulatory function of Fur in E. tarda via a proteomic approach. Compared to the wild type TX01, the fur mutant TX01Δfur exhibited (i) retarded growth, (ii) enhanced siderophore production, (iii) increased acid tolerance, which is in contrast to observations in other bacterial species, (iv) decreased survival against oxidative stress and host serum, (v) impaired ability to inhibit host immune response, (vi) attenuated tissue infectivity and overall virulence. The deficiency of TX01Δfur was rescued by introduction of an exogenous fur gene. iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analysis of TX01Δfur and TX01 identified 89 differentially expressed proteins that cover a wide range of functional categories including those affected by fur mutation. In addition, 16 proteins were identified for the first time to be regulated by Fur in Gram-negative bacteria. These results provide the first protein-based interpretation of the global impact of Fur on the physiology and infectivity of E. tarda. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates that in E. tarda, Fur controls multiple aspects of bacterial life, including growth, metabolism, iron acquisition, stress response, and host infection. In line with these observations, proteomics analysis identified a large amount of proteins affected in expression by Fur, which are involved in bacterial physiology and infectivity. Hence, these results link for the first time the pleiotropic effect of Fur with global protein expression and shed new light on the function and regulatory mechanism of Fur in pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li MF, Zhang J. CsTNF1, a teleost tumor necrosis factor that promotes antibacterial and antiviral immune defense in a manner that depends on the conserved receptor binding site. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:65-75. [PMID: 26478190 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is one of the most important cytokines involved in inflammation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and stimulation of the immune system. The TNF gene has been cloned in teleost fish; however, the in vivo function of fish TNF is essentially unknown. In this study, we report the identification of a TNF homologue, CsTNF1, from tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) and analysis of its expression and biological effect. CsTNF1 is composed of 242 amino acid residues and possesses a TNF domain and conserved receptor binding sites. Expression of CsTNF1 was detected in a wide range of tissues and up-regulated in a time-dependent manner by experimental challenge with bacterial and viral pathogens. Bacterial infection of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) caused extracellular secretion of CsTNF1. Purified recombinant CsTNF1 (rCsTNF1) was able to bind to PBL and stimulate the respiratory burst activity of PBL. In contrast, rCsTNF1M1 and rCsTNF1M2, the mutant CsTNF1 bearing substitutions at the receptor binding site, failed to activate PBL. Fish administered with rCsTNF1, but not with rCsTNF1M1 and rCsTNF1M2, exhibited enhanced expression of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-27, TLR9 and G3BP in a time-dependent manner and augmented resistance against bacterial and viral infection. These results provide the first evidence that the receptor binding sites are essential to a fish TNF, and that CsTNF1 is involved in the innate immune defense of fish against microbial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mo-fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Feliciano JR, Grilo AM, Guerreiro SI, Sousa SA, Leitão JH. Hfq: a multifaceted RNA chaperone involved in virulence. Future Microbiol 2015; 11:137-51. [PMID: 26685037 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hfq has emerged in recent years as a master regulator of gene expression in bacteria, mainly due to its ability to mediate the interaction of small noncoding RNAs with their mRNA targets, including those related to virulence in Gram-negative bacteria. In this work, we review current knowledge on the involvement of Hfq in the regulation of virulence traits related to secretion systems, alternative sigma factors, outer membrane proteins, polysaccharides and iron metabolism. Recent data from transcriptomics and proteomics studies performed for major pathogens are included. We also summarize and correlate current knowledge on how Hfq protein impacts pathogenicity of bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana R Feliciano
- iBB - Instituto de Bioengenharia e Biociências, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa. Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Soraia I Guerreiro
- iBB - Instituto de Bioengenharia e Biociências, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa. Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia A Sousa
- iBB - Instituto de Bioengenharia e Biociências, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa. Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge H Leitão
- iBB - Instituto de Bioengenharia e Biociências, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa. Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Bioengenharia, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa. Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hao LX, Li MF. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of nine CC chemokines in half-smooth tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:717-724. [PMID: 26470888 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are a large, diverse group of small cytokines that can be classified into several families, including the CC chemokine family, which plays a pivotal role in host defense by inducing leukocyte chemotaxis under physiological and inflammatory conditions. Here we studied 9 CC chemokines from half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Phylogenetic analysis divided these chemokines into four groups. The tissue specific expression patterns of the 9 chemokines under normal physiological conditions varied much, with most chemokines highly expressed in immune organs, while some other chemokines showing high expression levels in non-immune organs. In addition, the 9 chemokines exhibited similar or distinctly different expression profiles in response to the challenge of virus and intracellular and extracellular bacterial pathogens. These results indicate that in tongue sole, CC chemokines may be involved in different immune responses as homeostatic or inflammatory chemokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lian-xu Hao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mo-fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li J, Mo Z, Li G, Xiao P, Huang J. Generation and evaluation of virulence attenuated mutants of Edwardsiella tarda as vaccine candidates to combat edwardsiellosis in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 43:175-180. [PMID: 25541077 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is an intracellular pathogen that causes edwardsiellosis in fish. The development of a live attenuated vaccine may be an effective approach for preventing this disease in fish. In this study, we introduced deletions of esrB, esaC, evpH, rpoS, and purA into the E. tarda LSE40ΔaroA strain, thereby generating five double-gene mutants (ΔaroAΔesrB, ΔaroAΔesaC, ΔaroAΔrpoS, ΔaroAΔevpH, and ΔaroAΔpurA) and two triple-gene mutants (ΔaroAΔesrBΔevpH and ΔaroAΔesaCΔevpH). When blue gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus) was used as a fish model for the primary screening and evaluation of the vaccine candidates, all mutants were attenuated significantly by more than 2 to 3 logs in terms of the 50% lethal dose (LD(50)). Five double-gene mutants yielded relative percentage survival (RPS) rates of 26.1-82.6% after challenge with wild-type E. tarda. The ΔaroAΔesrB mutant that conferred the highest RPS (82.6%) in blue gourami was also evaluated in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). After vaccination via intramuscular (i.m.) injection or immersion, this mutant could persist in the flounder for 14-35 days and it induced higher serum antibody titers than the control fish (P < 0.01). Flounder vaccinated via i.m. injection at doses of 10(3)-10(7) CFU/fish had RPS rates of 14.3-66.7% after i.m. challenge with 10(4) CFU/fish using wild-type E. tarda. Flounder vaccinated via immersion at a dose of 10(7) CFU/ml exhibited 100% RPS against immersion challenge with 10(7) CFU/ml using wild-type E. tarda. These results indicate that the ΔaroAΔesrB mutant could be used as an effective live vaccine to combat edwardsiellosis in flounder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, The Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaolan Mo
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, The Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Guiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, The Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, The Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li MF, Wang C, Sun L. Edwardsiella tarda MliC, a lysozyme inhibitor that participates in pathogenesis in a manner that parallels Ivy. Infect Immun 2015; 83:583-90. [PMID: 25404031 PMCID: PMC4294240 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02473-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda, a bacterial pathogen to farmed fish as well as humans, possesses the genes of two lysozyme inhibitors, ivy and mliC (ivy(Et) and mliC(Et)). We recently studied IvyEt and found it to be implicated in E. tarda virulence. In the present study, we characterized MliC(Et) in comparison with Ivy(Et) in a turbot model. MliC(Et) contains the FWSKG motif and two cysteines (C33 and C98) that are highly conserved in subgroup 1 MliCs but are of unknown functional importance. To examine the essentialness of these conserved structural features, recombinant MliC(Et) (rMliC) and its mutants bearing C33S and W79A (of the FWSKG motif) substitutions were prepared. Subsequent analysis showed that rMliC (i) inhibited lysozyme-induced lysis of a Gram-positive bacterium, (ii) reduced serum-facilitated lysozyme killing of E. tarda, and (iii) when introduced into turbot, promoted bacterial dissemination in fish tissues. The C33S mutation had no influence on the activity of rMliC, while the W79A mutation slightly but significantly enhanced the activity of rMliC. Knockout strains of either mliC(Et) or ivy(Et) were severely attenuated for the ability of tissue invasion, host lethality, serum survival, and intracellular replication. The lost virulence of the mliC transformant (TXΔmliC) was restored by complementation with an introduced mliC(Et) gene. Compared to the Δivy(Et) or ΔmliC(Et) single-knockout strains, the ΔmliC(Et) Δivy(Et) double-knockout strain was significantly impaired in most of the virulence features. Together, these results provide the first evidence that the conserved cysteine is functionally dispensable to a subgroup 1 MliC and that as a virulence factor, MliC(Et) most likely works in a concerted and parallel manner with Ivy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Möller P, Overlöper A, Förstner KU, Wen TN, Sharma CM, Lai EM, Narberhaus F. Profound impact of Hfq on nutrient acquisition, metabolism and motility in the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110427. [PMID: 25330313 PMCID: PMC4201532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As matchmaker between mRNA and sRNA interactions, the RNA chaperone Hfq plays a key role in riboregulation of many bacteria. Often, the global influence of Hfq on the transcriptome is reflected by substantially altered proteomes and pleiotropic phenotypes in hfq mutants. Using quantitative proteomics and co-immunoprecipitation combined with RNA-sequencing (RIP-seq) of Hfq-bound RNAs, we demonstrate the pervasive role of Hfq in nutrient acquisition, metabolism and motility of the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens. 136 of 2544 proteins identified by iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) were affected in the absence of Hfq. Most of them were associated with ABC transporters, general metabolism and motility. RIP-seq of chromosomally encoded Hfq3xFlag revealed 1697 mRNAs and 209 non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) associated with Hfq. 56 ncRNAs were previously undescribed. Interestingly, 55% of the Hfq-bound ncRNAs were encoded antisense (as) to a protein-coding sequence suggesting that A. tumefaciens Hfq plays an important role in asRNA-target interactions. The exclusive enrichment of 296 mRNAs and 31 ncRNAs under virulence conditions further indicates a role for post-transcriptional regulation in A. tumefaciens-mediated plant infection. On the basis of the iTRAQ and RIP-seq data, we assembled a comprehensive model of the Hfq core regulon in A. tumefaciens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Möller
- Microbial Biology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Konrad U. Förstner
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases (ZINF), Julius-Maximilian's University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tuan-Nan Wen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cynthia M. Sharma
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases (ZINF), Julius-Maximilian's University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Erh-Min Lai
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Franz Narberhaus
- Microbial Biology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|