1
|
Yu S, Wang S, Xiong B, Peng C. Gut microbiota: key facilitator in metastasis of colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1270991. [PMID: 38023192 PMCID: PMC10643165 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1270991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in terms of incidence among all kinds of cancer. The main cause of death is metastasis. Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota could facilitate cancer metastasis by promoting cancer cells proliferation, invasion, dissemination, and survival. Multiple mechanisms have been implicated, such as RNA-mediated targeting effects, activation of tumor signaling cascades, secretion of microbiota-derived functional substances, regulation of mRNA methylation, facilitated immune evasion, increased intravasation of cancer cells, and remodeling of tumor microenvironment (TME). The understanding of CRC metastasis was further deepened by the mechanisms mentioned above. In this review, the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota participates in the process of CRC metastasis were reviewed as followed based on recent studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunwei Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bocchi M, de Sousa Pereira N, de Oliveira KB, Amarante MK. Involvement of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in colorectal cancer: a mini-review. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08479-1. [PMID: 37219666 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Migration of metastatic tumor cells is similar to the traffic of leukocytes and has been reported that can be guided by chemokines and their receptors, through the circulation to distant organs. The chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 play an essential role in hematopoietic stem cell homing and the activation of this axis supports malignant events. Binding of CXCL12 to CXCR4 activates signal transduction pathways, with broad effects on chemotaxis, cell proliferation, migration and gene expression. Thus, this axis serves as a bridge for tumor-stromal cell communication, creating a permissive microenvironment for tumor development, survival, angiogenesis and metastasis. Evidence suggests that this axis may be involved in the colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis. Therefore, we review emerging data and correlations between CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in CRC, the implications for cancer progression and possible therapeutic strategies that exploit this system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Bocchi
- Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Nathália de Sousa Pereira
- Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Karen Brajão de Oliveira
- Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Marla Karine Amarante
- Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zheng S, Li M, Xu C, Jia D, Qi Y, Hou T, Wang L, Wang B, Li A, Chen S, Si J, Zhuo W. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal cancer cells adhesion to endothelial cells and facilitates extravasation and metastasis by inducing ALPK1/NF-κB/ICAM1 axis. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2038852. [PMID: 35220887 PMCID: PMC8890384 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2038852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of death for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and the spreading tumor cells adhesion to endothelial cells is a critical step for extravasation and further distant metastasis. Previous studies have documented the important roles of gut microbiota-host interactions in the CRC malignancy, and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) was reported to increase proliferation and invasive activities of CRC cells. However, the potential functions and underlying mechanisms of F. nucleatum in the interactions between CRC cells and endothelial cells and subsequent extravasation remain unclear. Here, we uncovered that F. nucleatum enhanced the adhesion of CRC cells to endothelial cells, promoted extravasation and metastasis by inducing ICAM1 expression. Mechanistically, we identified that F. nucleatum induced a new pattern recognition receptor ALPK1 to activate NF-κB pathway, resulting in the upregulation of ICAM1. Interestingly, the abundance of F. nucleatum in tumor tissues of CRC patients was positively associated with the expression levels of ALPK1 and ICAM1. Moreover, high expression of ALPK1 or ICAM1 was significantly associated with a shorter overall survival time of CRC patients. This study provides a new insight into the role of gut microbiota in engaging into the distant metastasis of CRC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zheng
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaochao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dingjiacheng Jia
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yadong Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tongyao Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boya Wang
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aiqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shujie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Shujie Chen Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Si
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Jianmin Si Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zhuo
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,CONTACT Wei Zhuo Department of Cell Biology and Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310058, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Goïta AA, Guenot D. Colorectal Cancer: The Contribution of CXCL12 and Its Receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071810. [PMID: 35406582 PMCID: PMC8997717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many signaling pathways are involved in cancer progression, and among these pathways, the CXCL12 axis and its two receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 are well described for many cancers. This review presents the current knowledge on the role played by each of the actors of this axis in colorectal cancer and on its consideration in the development of new therapeutic strategies. Abstract Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers, and diagnosis at late metastatic stages is the main cause of death related to this cancer. This progression to metastasis is complex and involves different molecules such as the chemokine CXCL12 and its two receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. The high expression of receptors in CRC is often associated with a poor prognosis and aggressiveness of the tumor. The interaction of CXCL12 and its receptors activates signaling pathways that induce chemotaxis, proliferation, migration, and cell invasion. To this end, receptor inhibitors were developed, and their use in preclinical and clinical studies is ongoing. This review provides an overview of studies involving CXCR4 and CXCR7 in CRC with an update on their targeting in anti-cancer therapies.
Collapse
|
5
|
Azar MRMH, Aghazadeh H, Mohammed HN, Sara MRS, Hosseini A, Shomali N, Tamjidifar R, Tarzi S, Mansouri M, Sarand SP, Marofi F, Akbari M, Xu H, Shotorbani SS. miR-193a-5p as a promising therapeutic candidate in colorectal cancer by reducing 5-FU and Oxaliplatin chemoresistance by targeting CXCR4. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 92:107355. [PMID: 33429333 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) as small (19-25 nucleotides in length) non-coding RNA molecules that modify gene expression has been shown in several types of cancer. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin (Ox) are two common chemotherapeutic agents used to treat cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-193a-5p in CRC, and its effect on the C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) target gene alone and in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs, to determine its possible role in chemoresistance. CRC tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissue were obtained from 67 patients who had undergone surgery to determine the expression levels of miR-193a-5p and CXCR4. Subsequently, qPCR and Western blotting were performed to determine the effect of miR-193a-5p and chemotherapy drugs on CXCR4. َAlso, MTT assay, and flow cytometry was performed to determine their role in cell viability and apoptosis. Besides, the relationship between miR-193a-5p and CXCR4 with patients' clinical features was investigated. The results of the present study showed that miR-193a-5p was significantly downregulated, whereas CXCR4 was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues obtained from patients with CRC compared with the adjacent non-tumor healthy controls. In addition, the upregulation of miR-193-5p reduced the expression levels of CXCR4, particularly in combination with 5-FU and OX. Besides, using rescue experiments, the present study showed that miR-193a-5p replacement was able to suppress CXCR4-induced CRC cell proliferation by directly targeting CXCR4. Furthermore, there was a significant association between miR-193a-5p and CXCR4 with certain clinicopathological characteristics, particularly with metastasis-related features. These results suggest that miR-193a-5p serves a tumor-suppressive function in CRC and can directly target CXCR4 and decrease its mRNA and protein expression levels. Additionally, miR-193a-5p in combination with 5-FU and Ox potentiated reducing CXR4 expression, which may reveal its contribution to tumor chemoresistance. In conclusion, miR-193-5p may be applicable as a prognostic and diagnostic marker, and also serve as a therapeutic factor by reducing CXCR4 in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamed Aghazadeh
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417414418, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Rezai Seghin Sara
- Department of Biochemistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
| | - Arezoo Hosseini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
| | - Rozita Tamjidifar
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran; Department of Biology Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar 5451116714, Iran
| | - Saeed Tarzi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran; Department of Biology Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar 5451116714, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mansouri
- University of Tehran, Master of Sciences in Applied Chemistry, Tehran 1417414418, Iran
| | - Sahar Pashaei Sarand
- Amirkabir University of Technology (Polytechnic of Tehran), Master of Sciences in Applied Chemistry, Tehran 441315875, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Hematology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Center of Clinical Medicine and Laboratory, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Siamak Sandoghchian Shotorbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran; Department of Immunology, Center of Clinical Medicine and Laboratory, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu H, Yang Z, Lu W, Chen Z, Chen L, Han S, Wu X, Cai T, Cai Y. Chemokines and chemokine receptors: A new strategy for breast cancer therapy. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3786-3799. [PMID: 32253815 PMCID: PMC7286460 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and chemokine receptors not only participate in the development of tissue differentiation, hematopoiesis, inflammation, and immune regulation but also play an important role in the process of tumor development. The role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in tumors has been emphasized in recent years. More and more studies have shown that chemokines and chemokine receptors are closely related to the occurrence, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance, and immunity of breast cancer. Here, we review recent progression on the roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in breast cancer, and discuss the possible mechanism in breast cancer that might facilitate the development of new therapies by targeting chemokines as well as chemokine receptors. Chemokines and chemokine receptors play an important role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. In-depth study of chemokines and chemokine receptors can provide intervention targets for breast cancer biotherapy. The regulation of chemokines and chemokine receptors may become a new strategy for breast cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjiang Yang
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenping Lu
- Guangan' Men Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianyu Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tiange Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Cancer Research Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Daniel SK, Seo YD, Pillarisetty VG. The CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis as a mechanism of immune resistance in gastrointestinal malignancies. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 65:176-188. [PMID: 31874281 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Single agent checkpoint inhibitor therapy has not been effective for most gastrointestinal solid tumors, but combination therapy with drugs targeting additional immunosuppressive pathways is being attempted. One such pathway, the CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 chemokine axis, has attracted attention due to its effects on tumor cell survival and metastasis as well as immune cell migration. CXCL12 is a small protein that functions in normal hematopoietic stem cell homing in addition to repair of damaged tissue. Binding of CXCL12 to CXCR4 leads to activation of G protein signaling kinases such as P13K/mTOR and MEK/ERK while binding to CXCR7 leads to β-arrestin mediated signaling. While some gastric and colorectal carcinoma cells have been shown to make CXCL12, the primary source in pancreatic cancer and peritoneal metastases is cancer-associated fibroblasts. Binding of CXCL12 to CXCR4 and CXCR7 on tumor cells leads to anti-apoptotic signaling through Bcl-2 and survivin upregulation, as well as promotion of the epithelial-to-mesechymal transition through the Rho-ROCK pathway and alterations in cell adhesion molecules. High levels of CXCL12 seen in the bone marrow, liver, and spleen could partially explain why these are popular sites of metastases for many tumors. CXCL12 is a chemoattractant for lymphocytes at lower levels, but becomes chemorepellant at higher levels; it is unclear exactly what gradient exists in the tumor microenvironment and how this influences tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. AMD3100 (Plerixafor or Mozobil) is a small molecule CXCR4 antagonist and is the most frequently used drug targeting the CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in clinical trials for gastrointestinal solid tumors currently. Other small molecules and monoclonal antibodies against CXCR4 are being trialed. Further understanding of the CXCL12- CXCR4/CXCR7 chemokine axis in the tumor microenvironment will allow more effective targeting of this pathway in combination immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Daniel
- University of Washington, Dept. of Surgery, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Y David Seo
- University of Washington, Dept. of Surgery, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors: Orchestrating Tumor Metastasization. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010096. [PMID: 30591657 PMCID: PMC6337330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis still represents the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Chemokine signalling contributes to the overall process of cancer growth and metastasis, and their expression in both primary tumors and metastatic lesions correlate with prognosis. Chemokines promote tumor metastasization by directly supporting cancer cell survival and invasion, angiogenesis, and by indirectly shaping the pre-metastatic niches and antitumor immunity. Here, we will focus on the relevant chemokine/chemokine receptor axes that have been described to drive the metastatic process. We elaborate on their role in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis and immune cell recruitment at both the primary tumor lesions and the pre-metastatic foci. Furthermore, we also discuss the advantages and limits of current pharmacological strategies developed to target chemokine networks for cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yue X, Nguyen TD, Zellmer V, Zhang S, Zorlutuna P. Stromal cell-laden 3D hydrogel microwell arrays as tumor microenvironment model for studying stiffness dependent stromal cell-cancer interactions. Biomaterials 2018; 170:37-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
10
|
The Association of CXC Receptor 4 Mediated Signaling Pathway with Oxaliplatin-Resistant Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159927. [PMID: 27668882 PMCID: PMC5036794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis and invasiveness in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. In addition, metastatic CRC remains one of the most difficult human malignancies to treat because of its chemoresistant behavior. However, the mechanism by which correlation occurs between CXCR4 and the clinical response of CRC to chemotherapy remains unknown. We generated chemoresistant cells with increasing doses of oxaliplatin (OXA) and 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) to develop resistance at a clinical dose. We found that the putative markers did not change in the parental cells, but HCT-116/OxR and HCT-116/5-FUR were more aggressive and had higher tumor growth (demonstrated by wound healing, chemotaxis assay, and a nude mice xenograft model) with the use of oxaliplatin. Apoptosis induced by oxaliplatin treatment was significantly decreased in HCT-116/OxR compared to the parental cells. Moreover, HCT-116/OxR cells displayed increased levels of p-gp, p-Akt p-ERK, p-IKBβ, CXCR4, and Bcl-2, but they also significantly inhibited the apoptotic pathways when compared to the parental strain. We evaluated the molecular mechanism governing the signaling pathway associated with anti-apoptosis activity and the aggressive status of chemoresistant cells. Experiments involving specific inhibitors demonstrated that the activation of the pathways associated with CXCR4, ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt is critical to the functioning of the HCT-116/OxR and HCT-116/5-FUR characteristics of chemosensitivity. These findings elucidate the mechanism of CXCR4/PI3K/Akt downstream signaling and provide strategies to inhibit CXCR4 mediated signaling pathway in order to overcome CRC's resistance to chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang WS, Yang JT, Lu CC, Chang SF, Chen CN, Su YP, Lee KC. Fulvic Acid Attenuates Resistin-Induced Adhesion of HCT-116 Colorectal Cancer Cells to Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29370-82. [PMID: 26690142 PMCID: PMC4691117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A high level of serum resistin has recently been found in patients with a number of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Hence, resistin may play a role in CRC development. Fulvic acid (FA), a class of humic substances, possesses pharmacological properties. However, the effect of FA on cancer pathophysiology remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistin on the endothelial adhesion of CRC and to determine whether FA elicits an antagonistic mechanism to neutralize this resistin effect. Human HCT-116 (p53-negative) and SW-48 (p53-positive) CRC cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used in the experiments. Treatment of both HCT-116 and SW-48 cells with resistin increases the adhesion of both cells to HUVECs. This result indicated that p53 may not regulate this resistin effect. A mechanistic study in HCT-116 cells further showed that this resistin effect occurs via the activation of NF-κB and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Co-treating cells with both FA and resistin revealed that FA significantly attenuated the resistin-increased NF-κB activation and ICAM-1/VCAM-1 expression and the consequent adhesion of HCT-116 cells to HUVECs. These results demonstrate the role of resistin in promoting HCT-116 cell adhesion to HUVECs and indicate that FA might be a potential candidate for the inhibition of the endothelial adhesion of CRC in response to resistin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shih Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Tsung Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi 613, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Chang Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Shun-Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi 613, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Nan Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ping Su
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital & School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Ko-Chao Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rhamnogalacturonan I containing homogalacturonan inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation by decreasing ICAM1 expression. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 132:546-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
13
|
Tabernero J, Lenz HJ, Siena S, Sobrero A, Falcone A, Ychou M, Humblet Y, Bouché O, Mineur L, Barone C, Adenis A, Yoshino T, Goldberg RM, Sargent DJ, Wagner A, Laurent D, Teufel M, Jeffers M, Grothey A, Van Cutsem E. Analysis of circulating DNA and protein biomarkers to predict the clinical activity of regorafenib and assess prognosis in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a retrospective, exploratory analysis of the CORRECT trial. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:937-48. [PMID: 26184520 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(15)00138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour mutational status is an important determinant of the response of metastatic colorectal cancer to targeted treatments. However, the genotype of the tissue obtained at the time of diagnosis might not accurately represent tumour genotype after multiple lines of treatment. This retrospective exploratory analysis investigated the clinical activity of regorafenib in biomarker subgroups of the CORRECT study population defined by tumour mutational status or plasma protein levels. METHODS We used BEAMing technology to identify KRAS, PIK3CA, and BRAF mutations in DNA obtained from the plasma of 503 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who enrolled in the CORRECT trial. We quantified total human genomic DNA isolated from plasma samples for 503 patients using a modified version of human long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) quantitive real-time PCR. We also measured the concentration of 15 proteins of interest-angiopoietin 2, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, placental growth factor, soluble TIE-1, soluble VEGFR1, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGF-A isoform 121, bone morphogenetic protein 7, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, stromal cell-derived factor-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2, and von Willebrand factor-in plasma samples from 611 patients. We did correlative analyses of overall survival and progression-free survival in patient subgroups based on mutational status, circulating DNA concentration, and protein concentrations. The CORRECT trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01103323. FINDINGS Tumour-associated mutations were readily detected with BEAMing of plasma DNA, with KRAS mutations identified in 349 (69%) of 503 patients, PIK3CA mutations in 84 (17%) of 503 patients, and BRAF mutations in 17 (3%) of 502 patients. We did not do correlative analysis based on BRAF genotype because of the low mutational frequency detected for this gene. Some of the most prevalent individual hot-spot mutations we identified included: KRAS (KRAS G12D, 116 [28%] of 413 mutations; G12V, 72 [17%]; and G13D, 67 [16%]) and PIK3CA (PIK3CA E542K, 27 [30%] of 89 mutations; E545K, 37 [42%]; and H1047R, 12 [14%]). 41 (48%) of 86 patients who had received anti-EGFR therapy and whose archival tumour tissue DNA was KRAS wild-type in BEAMing analysis were identified as having KRAS mutations in BEAMing analysis of fresh plasma DNA. Correlative analyses suggest a clinical benefit favouring regorafenib across patient subgroups defined by KRAS and PIK3CA mutational status (progression-free survival with regorafenib vs placebo: hazard ratio [HR] 0·52, 95% CI 0·35-0·76 for KRAS wild-type; HR 0·51, 95% CI 0·40-0·65 for KRAS mutant [KRAS wild type vs mutant, pinteraction=0·74]; HR 0·50, 95% CI 0·40-0·63 for PIK3CA wild-type; HR 0·54, 95% CI 0·32-0·89 for PIK3CA mutant [PIK3CA wild-type vs mutant, pinteraction=0·85]) or circulating DNA concentration (progression-free survival with regorafenib vs placebo: HR 0·53, 95% CI 0·40-0·71, for low circulating DNA concentrations; HR 0·52, 95% CI 0·40-0·70, for high circulating DNA concentrations; low vs high circulating DNA, pinteraction=0·601). With the exception of von Willebrand factor, assessed with the median cutoff method, plasma protein concentrations were also not associated with regorafenib activity in terms of progression-free survival. In univariable analyses, the only plasma protein that was associated with overall survival was TIE-1, high concentrations of which were associated with longer overall survival compared with low TIE-1 concentrations. This association was not significant in multivariable analyses. INTERPRETATION BEAMing of circulating DNA could be a viable approach for non-invasive analysis of tumour genotype in real time and for the identification of potentially clinically relevant mutations that are not detected in archival tissue. Additionally, the results show that regorafenib seems to be consistently associated with a clinical benefit in a range of patient subgroups based on mutational status and protein biomarker concentrations. FUNDING Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Tabernero
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy; Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Yves Humblet
- St-Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Bouché
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Reims, Robert Debré Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Laurent Mineur
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Oncology Unit, Institut Sainte Catherine, Avignon, France
| | - Carlo Barone
- Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Richard M Goldberg
- Ohio State University School of Medicine, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Van Cutsem
- University Hospital Gasthuisberg/Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chin CC, Chen CN, Kuo HC, Shi CS, Hsieh MC, Kuo YH, Tung SY, Lee KF, Huang WS. Interleukin-17 induces CC chemokine receptor 6 expression and cell migration in colorectal cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1430-7. [PMID: 25201147 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The CC chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) and its ligand CCL20 are involved in human colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis and can promote the progression of CRC. In addition, interleukin-17 (IL-17), produced by a T cell subset named "Th17," has been identified as an important player in inflammatory responses, and has emerged as a mediator in inflammation-associated cancer. However, the relevance of IL-17 in the development and progression of CRC still remains to be explored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of IL-17 on the cell migration of CRC cells. Human CRC HCT-116 cells were used to study the effect of IL-17 on CCR6 expression and cell migration in CRC cells. IL-17 treatment induced migration of HCT-116 cells across the Boyden chamber membrane and increased the expression level of the CCR6. Inhibition of CCR6 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) and neutralizing antibody inhibited IL-17-induced cell migration. By using specific inhibitors and short hairpin RNA (shRNA), we demonstrated that the activation of ERK and p38 pathways are critical for IL-17-induced CCR6 expression and cell migration. Promoter activity and transcription factor ELISA assays showed that IL-17 increased NF-κB-DNA binding activity in HCT-116 cells. Inhibition of NF-κB activation by specific inhibitors and siRNA blocked the IL-17-induced CCR6 expression. Our findings support the hypothesis that CCR6 up-regulation stimulated by IL-17 may play an active role in CRC cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chien Chin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lin CH, Shih CH, Tseng CC, Yu CC, Tsai YJ, Bien MY, Chen BC. CXCL12 induces connective tissue growth factor expression in human lung fibroblasts through the Rac1/ERK, JNK, and AP-1 pathways. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104746. [PMID: 25121739 PMCID: PMC4133236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor-1, SDF-1) is a potent chemokine for homing of CXCR4+ fibrocytes to injury sites of lung tissue, which contributes to pulmonary fibrosis. Overexpression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays a critical role in pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the roles of Rac1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and activator protein-1 (AP-1) in CXCL12-induced CTGF expression in human lung fibroblasts. CXCL12 caused concentration- and time-dependent increases in CTGF expression and CTGF-luciferase activity. CXCL12-induced CTGF expression was inhibited by a CXCR4 antagonist (AMD3100), small interfering RNA of CXCR4 (CXCR4 siRNA), a dominant negative mutant of Rac1 (RacN17), a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK) inhibitor (PD98059), a JNK inhibitor (SP600125), a p21-activated kinase inhibitor (PAK18), c-Jun siRNA, and an AP-1 inhibitor (curcumin). Treatment of cells with CXCL12 caused activations of Rac1, Rho, ERK, and c-Jun. The CXCL12-induced increase in ERK phosphorylation was inhibited by RacN17. Treatment of cells with PD98059 and SP600125 both inhibited CXCL12-induced c-Jun phosphorylation. CXCL12 caused the recruitment of c-Jun and c-Fos binding to the CTGF promoter. Furthermore, CXCL12 induced an increase in α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, a myofibroblastic phenotype, and actin stress fiber formation. CXCL12-induced actin stress fiber formation and α-SMA expression were respectively inhibited by AMD3100 and CTGF siRNA. Taken together, our results suggest that CXCL12, acting through CXCR4, activates the Rac/ERK and JNK signaling pathways, which in turn initiates c-Jun phosphorylation, and recruits c-Jun and c-Fos to the CTGF promoter and ultimately induces CTGF expression in human lung fibroblasts. Moreover, overexpression of CTGF mediates CXCL12-induced α-SMA expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Huang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Huang Shih
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Yu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Jhih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mauo-Ying Bien
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Chang Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Epigenetic silencing of CXCR4 promotes loss of cell adhesion in cervical cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:581403. [PMID: 25114911 PMCID: PMC4119908 DOI: 10.1155/2014/581403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the network of chemokine signaling pathways, recent reports have described the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis and its role in cancer progression and metastasis. Interestingly, we found downregulation of CXCR4 at both transcript and protein level in cervical cancer cell lines and primary tumors. We also found CXCR4 promoter hypermethylation in cervical cancer cell lines and primary biopsy samples. DNA hypomethylating drug 5-AZA-2′-deoxycytidine and histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A treatments in cell lines reactivate both CXCR4 transcription and protein expression. Cell adhesion assay demonstrated that autocrine SDF-1α promotes the loss of cell adhesion while paracrine SDF-1α predominantly protects the normal cervical cells from loss of cell adhesion. Cervical cancer cell line C-33A having increased expression of CXCR4 after TSA treatment showed increased cell adhesion by paracrine source of SDF-1α in comparison to untreated C-33A. These findings demonstrate the first evidence that epigenetic silencing of CXCR4 makes the cells inefficient to respond to the paracrine source of SDF-1α leading to loss of cell adhesion, one of the key events in metastases and progression of the disease. Our results provide novel insight of SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling in tumor microenvironment which may be promising to further delineate molecular mechanism of cervical carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Hsieh YY, Shen CH, Huang WS, Chin CC, Kuo YH, Hsieh MC, Yu HR, Chang TS, Lin TH, Chiu YW, Chen CN, Kuo HC, Tung SY. Resistin-induced stromal cell-derived factor-1 expression through Toll-like receptor 4 and activation of p38 MAPK/ NFκB signaling pathway in gastric cancer cells. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:59. [PMID: 24929539 PMCID: PMC4089564 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) (CXC chemokine ligand-12)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is involved in the carcinogenesis of human gastric cancer, where it stimulates angiogenesis and favors metastasis of tumor cells to distant organs. In addition, resistin is suggested to be an important link between obesity and the development of gastric cancer. Resistin has identified as an important player in inflammatory responses, and emerged as a mediator in inflammation-associated cancer. A limited number of studies have investigated the association of resistin and SDF-1 with gastric cancer. Herein, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which resistin influences the expression of SDF-1 in gastric carcinoma cells. RESULTS Human gastric cancer cell lines were exposed to doses of resistin; SDF-1 expression and secretion levels were then determined. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analyses were performed to clarify molecular changes. Inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by a competitive antagonist inhibited resistin-induced SDF-1 expression. Pharmacological inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA) demonstrated that activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is critical for resistin-induced SDF-1 expression mediated by TLR4. The promoter activity and transcription factor enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that resistin induced expression of SDF-1 mediated by NF-κB in gastric cancer cells. Inhibition of p38 MARK activation blocked the SDF-1-induced expression and the SDF-1 promoter activity in the cancer gastric cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that inhibition of p38 MARK activation also blocked the resistin-increased NF-κB-DNA-binding activity. CONCLUSIONS Resistin-induced SDF-1 upregulation by activation of TLR4, p38 MARK and NF-κB may explain a new role of resistin in the link of obesity and gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hsing-Chun Kuo
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
CXC and CC chemokines as angiogenic modulators in nonhaematological tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:768758. [PMID: 24971349 PMCID: PMC4058128 DOI: 10.1155/2014/768758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are a superfamily of structurally homologous heparin-binding proteins that includes potent inducers and inhibitors of angiogenesis. The imbalance between angiogenic and angiostatic chemokine activities can lead to abnormalities, such as chronic inflammation, dysplastic transformation, and even tumor development and spreading. In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding the role of chemokines as modulators of tumor angiogenesis and their potential role as therapeutic targets in patients with nonhaematological tumors.
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang CC, Chang SF, Chao JK, Lai YL, Chang WE, Hsu WH, Kuo WH. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase attenuates hepatocellular carcinoma cell adhesion stimulated by adipokine resistin. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:112. [PMID: 24555415 PMCID: PMC3936704 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resistin, adipocyte-secreting adipokine, may play critical role in modulating cancer pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistin on HCC adhesion to the endothelium, and the mechanism underlying these resistin effects. Methods Human SK-Hep1 cells were used to study the effect of resistin on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expressions as well as NF-κB activation, and hence cell adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, was used to determine the regulatory role of AMPK on HCC adhesion to the endothelium in regard to the resistin effects. Results Treatment with resistin increased the adhesion of SK-Hep1 cells to HUVECs and concomitantly induced NF-κB activation, as well as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions in SK-Hep1 cells. Using specific blocking antibodies and siRNAs, we found that resistin-induced SK-Hep1 cell adhesion to HUVECs was through NF-κB-regulated ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions. Moreover, treatment with AICAR demonstrated that AMPK activation in SK-Hep1 cells significantly attenuates the resistin effect on SK-Hep1 cell adhesion to HUVECs. Conclusions These results clarify the role of resistin in inducing HCC adhesion to the endothelium and demonstrate the inhibitory effect of AMPK activation under the resistin stimulation. Our findings provide a notion that resistin play an important role to promote HCC metastasis and implicate AMPK may be a therapeutic target to against HCC metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wu-Hsien Kuo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed-Forces Hualien General Hospital, Hualien 97144, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mao S, Huang S. The signaling pathway of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its role in kidney diseases. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2013; 34:85-91. [PMID: 24303939 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2013.865746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) regulates the trafficking of progenitor cell (PGC) during embryonic development, cell chemotaxis, and postnatal homing into injury sites. SDF-1 also regulates cell growth, survival, adhesion and angiogenesis. However, in different tissues/cells, the role of SDF-1 is different, such as that it is increased in most of the tumors and associated with cancer metastasis, whereas it is essential for the development of vasculature. For kidney diseases, its role remains controversial. Signaling pathways might be very important in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. We performed this review to provide a relatively complete signaling pathway flowchart for SDF-1 to the investigators who were interested in the role of SDF-1 in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Here, we reviewed the signal transduction pathway of SDF-1 and its role in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hwang HJ, Jung TW, Hong HC, Choi HY, Seo JA, Kim SG, Kim NH, Choi KM, Choi DS, Baik SH, Yoo HJ. Progranulin protects vascular endothelium against atherosclerotic inflammatory reaction via Akt/eNOS and nuclear factor-κB pathways. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76679. [PMID: 24098801 PMCID: PMC3786912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Atherosclerosis is considered a chronic inflammatory disease, initiated by activation and dysfunction of the endothelium. Recently, progranulin has been regarded as an important modulator of inflammatory processes; however, the role for prgranulin in regulating inflammation in vascular endothelial cells has not been described. Method and Results Signaling pathways mediated by progranulin were analyzed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with progranulin. Progranulin significantly induced Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation in HUVECs, an effect that was blocked with Akt inhibitor. Furthermore, nitric oxide (NO) level, the end product of Akt/eNOS pathway, was significantly upregulated after progranulin treatment. Next, we showed that progranulin efficiently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling. LPS-induced phosphorylation of IκB and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) levels decreased after progranulin treatment. Also, progranulin blocked translocation of NF-κB from the cytosol to the nucleus. In addition, progranulin significantly reduced the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by inhibiting binding of NF- κB to their promoter regions and blocked attachment of monocytes to HUVECs. Progranulin also significantly reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1), the crucial inflammatory molecules known to aggravate atherosclerosis. Conclusion Progranulin efficiently inhibited LPS-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling in endothelial cells through activation of the Akt/eNOS pathway and attenuation of the NF-κB pathway, suggesting its protective roles in vascular endothelium against inflammatory reaction underlying atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Jin Hwang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Cheol Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Yoon Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-A Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sin Gon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nan Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Seop Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tetrandrine Suppresses Cancer Angiogenesis and Metastasis in 4T1 Tumor Bearing Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:265061. [PMID: 23762115 PMCID: PMC3677646 DOI: 10.1155/2013/265061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis remains the most deadly aspect of cancer and still evades direct treatment. Thus, there is a great need to develop new treatment regimens to suppress tumor cells that have escaped surgical removal or that may have already disseminated. We have found that tetrandrine (TET) exhibits anticolon cancer activity. Here, we investigate the inhibition effect of TET to breast cancer metastasis, angiogenesis and its molecular basis underlying TET's anticancer activity. We compare TET with chemotherapy drug doxorubicin in 4T1 tumor bearing BALB/c mice model and find that TET exhibits an anticancer metastatic and antiangiogenic activities better than those of doxorubicin. The lung metastatic sites were decreased by TET, which is confirmed by bioluminescence imaging in vivo. On the other hand, laser doppler perfusion imaging (LDI) was used for measuring the blood flow of tumor in 4T1-tumor bearing mice. As a result, the local blood perfusion of tumor was markedly decreased by TET after 3 weeks. Mechanistically, TET treatment leads to a decrease in p-ERK level and an increase in NF-κB levels in HUVECs. TET also regulated metastatic and angiogenic related proteins, including vascular endothelial growth factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, integrin β5, endothelial cell specific molecule-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in vivo.
Collapse
|
24
|
Tung SY, Chang SF, Chou MH, Huang WS, Hsieh YY, Shen CH, Kuo HC, Chen CN. Correction: CXC chemokine ligand 12/Stromal cell-derived factor-1 regulates cell adhesion in human colon cancer cells by induction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20. [PMCID: PMC3621804 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Yi Tung
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fu Chang
- Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hui Chou
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shih Huang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Heng Shen
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chun Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology; Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, CGUST, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Nan Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|