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Bissett C, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Ulaszewska M, Smith H, Kailath R, Morris S, Powers C, Sebastian S, Sharpe HR, Allen ER, Wang Z, Cunliffe RF, Sallah HJ, Spencer AJ, Gilbert S, Tregoning JS, Lambe T. Systemic prime mucosal boost significantly increases protective efficacy of bivalent RSV influenza viral vectored vaccine. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:118. [PMID: 38926455 PMCID: PMC11208422 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00912-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Although licensed vaccines against influenza virus have been successful in reducing pathogen-mediated disease, they have been less effective at preventing viral infection of the airways and current seasonal updates to influenza vaccines do not always successfully accommodate viral drift. Most licensed influenza and recently licensed RSV vaccines are administered via the intramuscular route. Alternative immunisation strategies, such as intranasal vaccinations, and "prime-pull" regimens, may deliver a more sterilising form of protection against respiratory viruses. A bivalent ChAdOx1-based vaccine (ChAdOx1-NP + M1-RSVF) encoding conserved nucleoprotein and matrix 1 proteins from influenza A virus and a modified pre-fusion stabilised RSV A F protein, was designed, developed and tested in preclinical animal models. The aim was to induce broad, cross-protective tissue-resident T cells against heterotypic influenza viruses and neutralising antibodies against RSV in the respiratory mucosa and systemically. When administered via an intramuscular prime-intranasal boost (IM-IN) regimen in mice, superior protection was generated against challenge with either RSV A, Influenza A H3N2 or H1N1. These results support further clinical development of a pan influenza & RSV vaccine administered in a prime-pull regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Bissett
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | | | - Marta Ulaszewska
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Holly Smith
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Reshma Kailath
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Morris
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Powers
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Sebastian
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hannah R Sharpe
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Allen
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ziyin Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robert F Cunliffe
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alexandra J Spencer
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Sarah Gilbert
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John S Tregoning
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Noisumdaeng P, Roytrakul T, Prasertsopon J, Pooruk P, Lerdsamran H, Assanasen S, Kitphati R, Auewarakul P, Puthavathana P. T cell mediated immunity against influenza H5N1 nucleoprotein, matrix and hemagglutinin derived epitopes in H5N1 survivors and non-H5N1 subjects. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11021. [PMID: 33854839 PMCID: PMC7955671 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protection against the influenza virus by a specific antibody is relatively strain specific; meanwhile broader immunity may be conferred by cell-mediated immune response to the conserved epitopes across influenza virus subtypes. A universal broad-spectrum influenza vaccine which confronts not only seasonal influenza virus, but also avian influenza H5N1 virus is promising. Methods This study determined the specific and cross-reactive T cell responses against the highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in four survivors and 33 non-H5N1 subjects including 10 H3N2 patients and 23 healthy individuals. Ex vivo IFN-γ ELISpot assay using overlapping peptides spanning the entire nucleoprotein (NP), matrix (M) and hemagglutinin (HA) derived from A/Thailand/1(KAN-1)/2004 (H5N1) virus was employed in adjunct with flow cytometry for determining T cell functions. Microneutralization (microNT) assay was performed to determine the status of previous H5N1 virus infection. Results IFN-γ ELISpot assay demonstrated that survivors nos. 1 and 2 had markedly higher T cell responses against H5N1 NP, M and HA epitopes than survivors nos. 3 and 4; and the magnitude of T cell responses against NP were higher than that of M and HA. Durability of the immunoreactivity persisted for as long as four years after disease onset. Upon stimulation by NP in IFN-γ ELISpot assay, 60% of H3N2 patients and 39% of healthy subjects exhibited a cross-reactive T cell response. The higher frequency and magnitude of responses in H3N2 patients may be due to blood collection at the convalescent phase of the patients. In H5N1 survivors, the effector peptide-specific T cells generated from bulk culture PBMCs by in vitro stimulation displayed a polyfunction by simultaneously producing IFN-γ and TNF-α, together with upregulation of CD107a in recognition of the target cells pulsed with peptide or infected with rVac-NP virus as investigated by flow cytometry. Conclusions This study provides an insight into the better understanding on the homosubtypic and heterosubtypic T cell-mediated immune responses in H5N1 survivors and non-H5N1 subjects. NP is an immunodominant target of cross-recognition owing to its high conservancy. Therefore, the development of vaccine targeting the conserved NP may be a novel strategy for influenza vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirom Noisumdaeng
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Thammasat University Research Unit in Modern Microbiology and Public Health Genomics, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-noi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thaneeya Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jarunee Prasertsopon
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Phisanu Pooruk
- The Government Pharmaceutical Organization, Biological Product Vaccine Production Plant, Kaengkhoi, Saraburi, Thailand
| | - Hatairat Lerdsamran
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Susan Assanasen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-noi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Prasert Auewarakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-noi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pilaipan Puthavathana
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-noi, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Tukhvatulin A, Dzharullaeva A, Erokhova A, Zemskaya A, Balyasin M, Ozharovskaia T, Zubkova O, Shevlyagina N, Zhukhovitsky V, Fedyakina I, Pruss I, Shcheblyakov D, Naroditsky B, Logunov D, Gintsburg A. Adjuvantation of an Influenza Hemagglutinin Antigen with TLR4 and NOD2 Agonists Encapsulated in Poly(D,L-Lactide-Co-Glycolide) Nanoparticles Enhances Immunogenicity and Protection against Lethal Influenza Virus Infection in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030519. [PMID: 32927915 PMCID: PMC7564367 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with their excellent safety profiles, subunit vaccines are typically characterized by much weaker immunogenicity and protection efficacy compared to whole-pathogen vaccines. Here, we present an approach aimed at bridging this disadvantage that is based on synergistic collaboration between pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) belonging to different families. We prepared a model subunit vaccine formulation using an influenza hemagglutinin antigen incorporated into poly-(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles adjuvanted with monophosphoryl lipid A (TLR4 agonist) and muramyl dipeptide (NOD2 agonist). The efficacy studies were conducted in comparison to control vaccine formulations containing individual PRR agonists. We show that the complex adjuvant based on TLR4 and NOD2 agonists potentiates proinflammatory cell responses (measured by activity of transcription factors and cytokine production both in vitro and in vivo) and enhances the phagocytosis of vaccine particles up to comparable levels of influenza virus uptake. Finally, mice immunized with vaccine nanoparticles containing both PRR agonists exhibited enhanced humoral (IgG, hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers) and cellular (percentage of proliferating CD4+ T-cells, production of IFNɣ) immunity, leading to increased resistance to lethal influenza challenge. These results support the idea that complex adjuvants stimulating different PRRs may present a better alternative to individual PAMP-based adjuvants and could further narrow the gap between the efficacy of subunit versus whole-pathogen vaccines.
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