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Wu R, Ma H, Hu J, Wang D, Wang F, Yu X, Li Y, Fu W, Lai M, Hu Z, Feng W, Shan C, Wang C. Electroacupuncture stimulation to modulate neural oscillations in promoting neurological rehabilitation. Brain Res 2024; 1822:148642. [PMID: 37884179 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation is a modern neuromodulation technique that integrates traditional Chinese acupuncture therapy with contemporary electrical stimulation. It involves the application of electrical currents to specific acupoints on the body following acupuncture. EA has been widely used in the treatment of various neurological disorders, including epilepsy, stroke, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Recent research suggests that EA stimulation may modulate neural oscillations, correcting abnormal brain electrical activity, therefore promoting brain function and aiding in neurological rehabilitation. This paper conducted a comprehensive search in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI using keywords like "electroacupuncture," "neural oscillations," and "neurorehabilitation", covering the period from year 1980 to 2023. We provide a detailed overview of how electroacupuncture stimulation modulates neural oscillations, including maintaining neural activity homeostasis, influencing neurotransmitter release, improving cerebral hemodynamics, and enhancing specific neural functional networks. The paper also discusses the current state of research, limitations of electroacupuncture-induced neural oscillation techniques, and explores prospects for their combined application, aiming to offer broader insights for both basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiren Wu
- The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China; School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Ma
- The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China; School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Hu
- The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China; School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Deheng Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanli Li
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Fu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Lai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zekai Hu
- The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China; School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Shan
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Wang
- The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China; School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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EEG and ECG Power Spectrum Analysis of Sedative Effects on Propofol-Anesthetized Rats with Electroacupuncture. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2440609. [PMID: 35668776 PMCID: PMC9167085 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2440609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background In previous studies, electroacupuncture (EA) with 2/15 Hz has been shown to enhance the sedative effects in general anesthesia patients. Central lateral thalamic stimulation of 50 Hz showed an arousal effect in macaques. Therefore, it is worth studying the sedative effect of EA at peripheral acupoints with different frequencies, especially the frequency of around 50 Hz. Methods Rats were anesthetized under the constant infusion of propofol and EA at Zusanli (ST36) and Neiguan (PC6) locations. Electroencephalography (EEG) and heart rate were continuously recorded before and after the intervention by EA in the C group (control), LEA group (low-frequency group, 2/15 Hz diffuse/dense wave EA stimulation), and HEA group (high-frequency group, 50 Hz stimulation). Results In the LEA group, a significant increase in the power of the delta component with a decrease in the alpha component (p < 0.05) was observed after EA stimulation. In the HEA group, significant increases in the powers of alpha and beta components of EEG (p < 0.05) and a decrease in the delta component of EEG were observed (p < 0.05). The phenomenon is also shown in full-frequency waves. In addition, a significant decrease in the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio parameter was observed in the LEA group. Conclusions EA at bilateral ST36 and PC6 can enhance the sedative effects of propofol anesthesia in low-frequency stimulation but lighten the sedative effects in high-frequency (50 Hz) stimulation. The sympathetic-vagal balance was affected due to low-frequency EA.
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Yi PL, Jou SB, Wu YJ, Chang FC. Manipulation of Epileptiform Electrocorticograms (ECoGs) and Sleep in Rats and Mice by Acupuncture. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 28060294 DOI: 10.3791/54896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ancient Chinese literature has documented that acupuncture possesses efficient therapeutic effects on epilepsy and insomnia. There is, however, little research to reveal the possible mechanisms behind these effects. To investigate the effect of acupuncture on epilepsy and sleep, several issues need to be addressed. The first is to identify the acupoints, which correspond between humans, rats, and mice. Furthermore, the depth of insertion of the acupuncture needle, the degree of needle twist in manual needle acupuncture, and the stimulation parameters for electroacupuncture (EA) need to be determined. To evaluate the effects of acupuncture on epilepsy and sleep, a feasible model of epilepsy in rodents is required. We administer pilocarpine into the left central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) to simulate focal temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in rats. Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of pilocarpine induces generalized epilepsy and status epilepticus (SE) in rats. Five IP injections of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) with a one-day interval between each injection successfully induces spontaneous generalized epilepsy in mice. Recordings of electrocorticograms (ECoGs), electromyograms (EMGs), brain temperature, and locomotor activity are used for sleep analysis in rats, while ECoGs, EMGs, and locomotor activity are employed for sleep analysis in mice. ECoG electrodes are implanted into the frontal, parietal, and contralateral occipital cortices, and a thermistor is implanted above the cerebral cortex by stereotactic surgery. EMG electrodes are implanted into the neck muscles, and an infrared detector determines locomotor activity. The criteria for categorizing vigilance stages, including wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and non-REM (NREM) sleep are based on information from ECoGs, EMGs, brain temperature, and locomotor activity. Detailed classification criteria are stated in the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lu Yi
- Department of Sports, Health & Leisure, College of Tourism, Leisure and Sports, Aletheia University, Tainan Campus
| | - Shuo-Bin Jou
- Department of Neurology, Mackay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College
| | - Yi-Jou Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | - Fang-Chia Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University; Graduate Institute of Brain & Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University;
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Yi PL, Lu CY, Jou SB, Chang FC. Low-frequency electroacupuncture suppresses focal epilepsy and improves epilepsy-induced sleep disruptions. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:49. [PMID: 26150021 PMCID: PMC4491875 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The positive effects of acupuncture at Feng-Chi acupoints on treating epilepsy and insomnia have been well-documented in ancient Chinese literature. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence to elucidate the underlying mechanisms behind these effects. Our previous study demonstrated that high-frequency (100 Hz) electroacupuncture (EA) at Feng-Chi acupoints deteriorates both pilocarpine-induced focal epilepsy and sleep disruptions. This study investigated the effects of low-frequency (10 Hz) EA on epileptic activities and epilepsy-induced sleep disruptions. Results In rats, the Feng-Chi acupoint is located 3 mm away from the center of a line between the two ears. Rats received 30 min of 10 Hz EA stimuli per day before each day’s dark period for three consecutive days. Our results indicated that administration of pilocarpine into the left CeA at the beginning of the dark period induced focal epilepsy and decreased both rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NREM) sleep during the consequent light period. Low-frequency (10 Hz) EA at Feng-Chi acupoints suppressed pilocarpine-induced epileptiform EEGs, and this effect was in turn blocked by naloxone (a broad-spectrum opioid receptor antagonist), but not by naloxonazine (a μ-receptor antagonist), naltrindole (a δ-receptor antagonist) and nor-binaltorphimine (a κ-receptor antagonist). Ten Hz EA enhanced NREM sleep during the dark period, and this enhancement was blocked by all of the opioid receptor antagonists. On the other hand, 10 Hz EA reversed pilocarpine-induced NREM suppression during the light period, and the EA’s effect on the sleep disruption was only blocked by naloxonazine. Conclusions These results indicate that low-frequency EA stimulation of Feng-Chi acupoints is beneficial in improving epilepsy and epilepsy-induced sleep disruptions, and that opioid receptors in the CeA mediate EA’s therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lu Yi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4., Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan. .,Department of Sports, Health & Leisure, College of Tourism, Leisure and Sports, Aletheia University, Tainan Campus, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Yu Lu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4., Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Shuo-Bin Jou
- Department of Neurology, Mackay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Chia Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4., Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Brain & Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Yuan S, Zhang X, Bo Y, Li W, Zhang H, Jiang Q. The effects of electroacupuncture treatment on the postoperative cognitive function in aged rats with acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Brain Res 2014; 1593:19-29. [PMID: 25446007 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Many literatures have proven that postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) was very common in old patients after the injury of acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (AMIR) clinically such as the off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB) without definite mechanism; however, reports on the animal experiments were rarely seen. We hypothesized that AMIR could contribute to cognitive dysfunction, and this severe injury might be impeded by EA via hindering neuroinflammation and oxidative stress response as well as modulating the balance of the autonomic nervous system. The aged male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three experimental groups: sham (sham operation), AMIR, and EA (electroacupunture treatment, acupoints GV20 and ST36+AMIR) groups. The survival rate, heart rate variability analysis, examination of pathology within the hippocampal CA1, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and the behavior testing were evaluated by their corresponding methods. The results showed that the rats subjected to AMIR had lower survival rates, higher malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, more microglial activation, and presented evidence of severe brain injury and cognitive dysfunction on the 1st, 3rd, 7th days after reperfusion compared to sham-operated controls. Most important of all, the above damages induced by the AMIR were significantly improved by the EA treatment. Our findings indicated that EA treatment could be a neuroprotective therapy for the cognitive dysfunction induced by the AMIR event, which might be attributablefor balancing the autonomic nervous system, inhibiting the neuronic apoptosis, hindering microglial activation, attenuating oxidative stress and restraining the central and peripheral inflammation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoting Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Xuezhong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yulong Bo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,Harbin 150081, China
| | - Qiliang Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,Harbin 150081, China
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