Zhong Y, Nellimoottil T, Peace JM, Knott SRV, Villwock SK, Yee JM, Jancuska JM, Rege S, Tecklenburg M, Sclafani RA, Tavaré S, Aparicio OM. The level of origin firing inversely affects the rate of replication fork progression.
ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013;
201:373-83. [PMID:
23629964 PMCID:
PMC3639389 DOI:
10.1083/jcb.201208060]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cells with reduced origin firing have an increased rate of replication fork progression, whereas fork progression is slowed in cells with excess origins.
DNA damage slows DNA synthesis at replication forks; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Cdc7 kinase is required for replication origin activation, is a target of the intra-S checkpoint, and is implicated in the response to replication fork stress. Remarkably, we found that replication forks proceed more rapidly in cells lacking Cdc7 function than in wild-type cells. We traced this effect to reduced origin firing, which results in fewer replication forks and a consequent decrease in Rad53 checkpoint signaling. Depletion of Orc1, which acts in origin firing differently than Cdc7, had similar effects as Cdc7 depletion, consistent with decreased origin firing being the source of these defects. In contrast, mec1-100 cells, which initiate excess origins and also are deficient in checkpoint activation, showed slower fork progression, suggesting the number of active forks influences their rate, perhaps as a result of competition for limiting factors.
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