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Timofeev V, Bakhteeva I, Titareva G, Kopylov P, Christiany D, Mokrievich A, Dyatlov I, Vergnaud G. Russian isolates enlarge the known geographic diversity of Francisella tularensis subsp. mediasiatica. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183714. [PMID: 28873421 PMCID: PMC5584958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis, a small Gram-negative bacterium, is capable of infecting a wide range of animals, including humans, and causes a plague-like disease called tularemia—a highly contagious disease with a high mortality rate. Because of these characteristics, F. tularensis is considered a potential agent of biological terrorism. Currently, F. tularensis is divided into four subspecies, which differ in their virulence and geographic distribution. Two of them, subsp. tularensis (primarily found in North America) and subsp. holarctica (widespread across the Northern Hemisphere), are responsible for tularemia in humans. Subsp. novicida is almost avirulent in humans. The fourth subspecies, subsp. mediasiatica, is the least studied because of its limited distribution and impact in human health. It is found only in sparsely populated regions of Central Asia. In this report, we describe the first focus of naturally circulating F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica in Russia. We isolated and characterized 18 strains of this subspecies in the Altai region. All strains were highly virulent in mice. The virulence of subsp. mediasiatica in a vaccinated mouse model is intermediate between that of subsp. tularensis and subsp. holarctica. Based on a multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), we show that the Altaic population of F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica is genetically distinct from the classical Central Asian population, and probably is endemic to Southern Siberia. We propose to subdivide the mediasiatica subspecies into three phylogeographic groups, M.I, M.II and M.III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Timofeev
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
- * E-mail: (VT); (GV)
| | - Irina Bakhteeva
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Galina Titareva
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Pavel Kopylov
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - David Christiany
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Alexander Mokrievich
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Ivan Dyatlov
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Gilles Vergnaud
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
- * E-mail: (VT); (GV)
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Rayner RE, Savill J, Hafner LM, Huygens F. Genotyping Streptococcus pneumoniae. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:653-64. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae is a potentially deadly human pathogen associated with high morbidity, mortality and global economic burden. The universally used bacterial genotyping methods are multilocus sequence typing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis. However, another highly discriminatory, rapid and less expensive genotyping technique, multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), has been developed. Unfortunately, no universal MLVA protocol exists, and some MLVA protocols do not amplify certain loci for all pneumococcal serotypes, leaving genotyping profiles incomplete. A number of other genotyping or characterization methods have been developed and will be discussed. This review examines the various protocols for genotyping S. pneumoniae and highlights the current direction technology and research is heading to understand this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E Rayner
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, 4059, Queensland, Australia
| | - John Savill
- Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Queensland Health Forensic & Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia
| | - Louise M Hafner
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Flavia Huygens
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, 4059, Queensland, Australia
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Thierry S, Tourterel C, Le Flèche P, Derzelle S, Dekhil N, Mendy C, Colaneri C, Vergnaud G, Madani N. Genotyping of French Bacillus anthracis strains based on 31-loci multi locus VNTR analysis: epidemiology, marker evaluation, and update of the internet genotype database. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95131. [PMID: 24901417 PMCID: PMC4046976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillus anthracis is known to have low genetic variability. In spite of this lack of diversity, multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including the canonical SNPs assay (canSNP) have proved to be highly effective to differentiate strains. Five different MLVA schemes based on a collection of 31 VNTR loci (MLVA8, MLVA15, MLVA20, MLVA25 and MLVA31) with increased resolving power have been described. Results MLVA31 was applied to characterize the French National Reference Laboratory collection. The total collection of 130 strains is resolved in 35 genotypes. The 119 veterinary and environmental strains collection in France were resolved into 26 genotypes belonging to three canSNP lineages and four MLVA clonal complexes (CCs) with particular geographical clustering. A subset of seven loci (MLVA7) is proposed to constitute a first line assay. The loci are compatible with moderate resolution equipment such as agarose gel electrophoresis and show a good congruence value with MLVA31. The associated MLVA and SNP data was imported together with published genotyping data by taking advantage of major enhancements to the MLVAbank software and web site. Conclusions The present report provides a wide coverage of the genetic diversity of naturally occurring B. anthracis strains in France as can be revealed by MLVA. The data obtained suggests that once such coverage is achieved, it becomes possible to devise optimized first-line MLVA assays comprising a sufficiently low number of loci to be typed either in one multiplex PCR or on agarose gels. Such a selection of seven loci is proposed here, and future similar investigations in additional countries will indicate to which extend the same selection can be used worldwide as a common minimum set. It is hoped that this approach will contribute to an efficient and low-cost routine surveillance of important pathogens for biosecurity such as B. anthracis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Thierry
- University Paris-Est, Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Christophe Tourterel
- Univ Paris-Sud, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, UMR 8621, Orsay, France
- CNRS, Orsay, France
| | - Philippe Le Flèche
- Univ Paris-Sud, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, UMR 8621, Orsay, France
- CNRS, Orsay, France
- Division of Analytical Microbiology, DGA CBRN Defence, Vert le Petit, France
| | - Sylviane Derzelle
- University Paris-Est, Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Neira Dekhil
- University Paris-Est, Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Christiane Mendy
- University Paris-Est, Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Cécile Colaneri
- University Paris-Est, Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Gilles Vergnaud
- Univ Paris-Sud, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, UMR 8621, Orsay, France
- CNRS, Orsay, France
- DGA/MRIS- Mission pour la Recherche et l'Innovation Scientifique, Bagneux, France
| | - Nora Madani
- University Paris-Est, Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
- * E-mail:
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