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Belanger KD, Yewdell WT, Barber MF, Russo AN, Pettit MA, Damuth EK, Hussain N, Geier SJ, Belanger KG. Exportin Crm1 is important for Swi6 nuclear shuttling and MBF transcription activation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:10. [PMID: 35189816 PMCID: PMC8862259 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swi6 acts as a transcription factor in budding yeast, functioning in two different heterodimeric complexes, SBF and MBF, that activate the expression of distinct but overlapping sets of genes. Swi6 undergoes regulated changes in nucleocytoplasmic localization throughout the cell cycle that correlate with changes in gene expression. This study investigates how nucleocytoplasmic transport by multiple transport factors may influence specific Swi6 activities. RESULTS Here we show that the exportin Crm1 is important for Swi6 nuclear export and activity. Loss of a putative Crm1 NES or inhibition of Crm1 activity results in changes in nucleocytoplasmic Swi6 localization. Alteration of the Crm1 NES in Swi6 results in decreased MBF-mediated gene expression, but does not affect SBF reporter expression, suggesting that export of Swi6 by Crm1 regulates a subset of Swi6 transcription activation activity. Finally, alteration of the putative Crm1 NES in Swi6 results in cells that are larger than wild type, and this increase in cell size is exacerbated by deletion of Msn5. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence that Swi6 has at least two different exportins, Crm1 and Msn5, each of which interacts with a distinct nuclear export signal. We identify a putative nuclear export signal for Crm1 within Swi6, and observe that export by Crm1 or Msn5 independently influences Swi6-regulated expression of a different subset of Swi6-controlled genes. These findings provide new insights into the complex regulation of Swi6 transcription activation activity and the role of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in regulated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William T. Yewdell
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY USA
- Present Address: Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Matthew F. Barber
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY USA
- Present Address: Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - Amy N. Russo
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY USA
- Present Address: The Estée Lauder Companies, Inc., Mellville, NY USA
| | - Mark A. Pettit
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY USA
- Present Address: Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Emily K. Damuth
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY USA
- Present Address: Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ USA
| | - Naveen Hussain
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY USA
- Present Address: Kerry’s Place Autism Services, Aurora, ON Canada
| | - Susan J. Geier
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY USA
- Present Address: Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY USA
| | - Karyn G. Belanger
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY USA
- Present Address: Center for Learning, Teaching, and Research, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY USA
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2
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Zhang S, Lin C, Zhou T, Zhang LH, Deng YZ. Karyopherin MoKap119-mediated nuclear import of cyclin-dependent kinase regulator MoCks1 is essential for Magnaporthe oryzae pathogenicity. Cell Microbiol 2019; 22:e13114. [PMID: 31487436 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear import of proteins relies on nuclear import receptors called importins/karyopherins (Kaps), whose functions were reported in yeasts, fungi, plants, and animal cells, including cell cycle control, morphogenesis, stress sensing/response, and also fungal pathogenecity. However, limited is known about the physiological function and regulatory mechanism of protein import in the rice-blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Here, we identified an ortholog of β-importin in M. oryzae encoded by an ortholog of KAP119 gene. Functional characterisation of this gene via reverse genetics revealed that it is required for vegetative growth, conidiation, melanin pigmentation, and pathogenicity of M. oryzae. The mokap119Δ mutant was also defective in formation of appressorium-like structure from hyphal tips. By affinity assay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we identified potential MoKap119-interacting proteins and further verified that MoKap119 interacts with the cyclin-dependent kinase subunit MoCks1 and mediates its nuclear import. Transcriptional profiling indicated that MoKap119 may regulate transcription of infection-related genes via MoCks1 regulation of MoSom1. Overall, our findings provide a novel insight into the regulatory mechanism of M. oryzae pathogenesis likely by MoKap119-mediated nuclear import of the cyclin-dependent kinase subunit MoCks1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Integrative Microbiology Research Centre/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoxiang Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Integrative Microbiology Research Centre/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Integrative Microbiology Research Centre/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Integrative Microbiology Research Centre/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhen Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Integrative Microbiology Research Centre/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Mirallas O, Ballega E, Samper-Martín B, García-Márquez S, Carballar R, Ricco N, Jiménez J, Clotet J. Intertwined control of the cell cycle and nucleocytoplasmic transport by the cyclin-dependent kinase Pho85 and RanGTPase Gsp1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol Res 2017; 206:168-176. [PMID: 29146254 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the molecular mechanisms that connect cell cycle progression and nucleocytoplasmic transport is of particular interest: this intertwined relationship, once understood, may provide useful insight on the diseases resulting from the malfunction of these processes. In the present study we report on findings that indicate a biochemical connection between the cell cycle regulator CDK Pho85 and Ran-GTPase Gsp1, an essential nucleocytoplasmic transport component. When Gsp1 cannot be phosphorylated by Pho85, the cell cycle progression is impaired. Accordingly, a nonphosphorylatable version of Gsp1 abnormally localizes to the nucleus, which impairs the nuclear transport of molecules, including key components of cell cycle progression. Furthermore, our results suggest that the physical interaction of Gsp1 and the Kap95 karyopherin, essential to the release of nuclear cargoes, is altered. Altogether, the present findings point to the involvement of a biochemical mechanism in the interlocked regulation of the cell cycle and nuclear transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Mirallas
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Ballega
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bàrbara Samper-Martín
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio García-Márquez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reyes Carballar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Ricco
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Jiménez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josep Clotet
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Kimura M, Imamoto N. Biological significance of the importin-β family-dependent nucleocytoplasmic transport pathways. Traffic 2014; 15:727-48. [PMID: 24766099 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Importin-β family proteins (Imp-βs) are nucleocytoplasmic transport receptors (NTRs) that import and export proteins and RNAs through the nuclear pores. The family consists of 14-20 members depending on the biological species, and each member transports a specific group of cargoes. Thus, the Imp-βs mediate multiple, parallel transport pathways that can be regulated separately. In fact, the spatiotemporally differential expressions and the functional regulations of Imp-βs have been reported. Additionally, the biological significance of each pathway has been characterized by linking the function of a member of Imp-βs to a cellular consequence. Connecting these concepts, the regulation of the transport pathways conceivably induces alterations in the cellular physiological states. However, few studies have linked the regulation of an importin-β family NTR to an induced cellular response and the corresponding cargoes, despite the significance of this linkage in comprehending the biological relevance of the transport pathways. This review of recent reports on the regulation and biological functions of the Imp-βs highlights the significance of the transport pathways in physiological contexts and points out the possibility that the identification of yet unknown specific cargoes will reinforce the importance of transport regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kimura
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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5
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Quilis I, Igual JC. Molecular basis of the functional distinction between Cln1 and Cln2 cyclins. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:3117-31. [PMID: 22889732 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cln1 and Cln2 are very similar but not identical cyclins. In this work, we tried to describe the molecular basis of the functional distinction between Cln1 and Cln2. We constructed chimeric cyclins containing different fragments of Cln1 and Cln2 and performed several functional analysis that make it possible to distinguish between Cln1 or Cln2. We identified that region between amino acids 225 and 299 of Cln2 is not only necessary but also sufficient to confer Cln2 specific functionality compared with Cln1. We also studied Cln1 and Cln2 subcellular localization identifying additional differences between them. Both cyclins are distributed between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, but Cln1 shows stronger nuclear accumulation. Nuclear import of both cyclins is mediated by the classical nuclear import pathway and by sequences in the N-terminal end of the proteins. For Cln2, but not for Cln1, a nuclear export mechanism mediated by karyopherin Msn5 has been identified. Strikingly, Cln2 export depends on a Msn5-dependent NES between amino acids 225 and 299. In fact, the introduction of this region confers to Cln1 an export mechanism dependent on Msn5; importantly, this causes the gain of Cln2-specific cytosolic functions and the impairment of nuclear function. In short, a region from Cln2 controlling an Msn5-dependent nuclear export mechanism confers a specific functionality to Cln2 compared with Cln1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inma Quilis
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
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6
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Chong HS, Campbell L, Padula MP, Hill C, Harry E, Li SS, Wilkins MR, Herbert B, Carter D. Time-course proteome analysis reveals the dynamic response of Cryptococcus gattii cells to fluconazole. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42835. [PMID: 22880118 PMCID: PMC3412811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus gattii is an encapsulated fungus capable of causing fatal disease in immunocompetent humans and animals. As current antifungal therapies are few and limited in efficacy, and resistance is an emerging issue, the development of new treatment strategies is urgently required. The current study undertook a time-course analysis of the proteome of C. gattii during treatment with fluconazole (FLC), which is used widely in prophylactic and maintenance therapies. The aims were to analyze the overall cellular response to FLC, and to find fungal proteins involved in this response that might be useful targets in therapies that augment the antifungal activity of FLC. During FLC treatment, an increase in stress response, ATP synthesis and mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins, and a decrease in most ribosomal proteins was observed, suggesting that ATP-dependent efflux pumps had been initiated for survival and that the maintenance of ribosome synthesis was differentially expressed. Two proteins involved in fungal specific pathways were responsive to FLC. An integrative network analysis revealed co-ordinated processes involved in drug response, and highlighted hubs in the network representing essential proteins that are required for cell viability. This work demonstrates the dynamic cellular response of a typical susceptible isolate of C. gattii to FLC, and identified a number of proteins and pathways that could be targeted to augment the activity of FLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hin Siong Chong
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leona Campbell
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew P. Padula
- ithree institute, University of Technology, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cameron Hill
- School of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Harry
- ithree institute, University of Technology, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simone S. Li
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marc R. Wilkins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ben Herbert
- School of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dee Carter
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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7
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Markina-Iñarrairaegui A, Etxebeste O, Herrero-García E, Araújo-Bazán L, Fernández-Martínez J, Flores JA, Osmani SA, Espeso EA. Nuclear transporters in a multinucleated organism: functional and localization analyses in Aspergillus nidulans. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:3874-86. [PMID: 21880896 PMCID: PMC3192866 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-03-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear transporters mediate bidirectional macromolecule traffic through the nuclear pore complex (NPC), thus participating in vital processes of eukaryotic cells. A systematic functional analysis in Aspergillus nidulans permitted the identification of 4 essential nuclear transport pathways of a hypothetical number of 14. The absence of phenotypes for most deletants indicates redundant roles for these nuclear receptors. Subcellular distribution studies of these carriers show three main distributions: nuclear, nucleocytoplasmic, and in association with the nuclear envelope. These locations are not specific to predicted roles as exportins or importins but indicate that bidirectional transport may occur coordinately in all nuclei of a syncytium. Coinciding with mitotic NPC rearrangements, transporters dynamically modified their localizations, suggesting supplementary roles to nucleocytoplasmic transport specifically during mitosis. Loss of transportin-SR and Mex/TAP from the nuclear envelope indicates absence of RNA transport during the partially open mitosis of Aspergillus, whereas nucleolar accumulation of Kap121 and Kap123 homologues suggests a role in nucleolar disassembly. This work provides new insight into the roles of nuclear transporters and opens an avenue for future studies of the molecular mechanisms of transport among nuclei within a common cytoplasm, using A. nidulans as a model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Markina-Iñarrairaegui
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, National Research Council, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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