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Gräf R, Grafe M, Meyer I, Mitic K, Pitzen V. The Dictyostelium Centrosome. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102657. [PMID: 34685637 PMCID: PMC8534566 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome of Dictyostelium amoebae contains no centrioles and consists of a cylindrical layered core structure surrounded by a corona harboring microtubule-nucleating γ-tubulin complexes. It is the major centrosomal model beyond animals and yeasts. Proteomics, protein interaction studies by BioID and superresolution microscopy methods led to considerable progress in our understanding of the composition, structure and function of this centrosome type. We discuss all currently known components of the Dictyostelium centrosome in comparison to other centrosomes of animals and yeasts.
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Zinatizadeh MR, Miri SR, Zarandi PK, Chalbatani GM, Rapôso C, Mirzaei HR, Akbari ME, Mahmoodzadeh H. The Hippo Tumor Suppressor Pathway (YAP/TAZ/TEAD/MST/LATS) and EGFR-RAS-RAF-MEK in cancer metastasis. Genes Dis 2019; 8:48-60. [PMID: 33569513 PMCID: PMC7859453 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippo Tumor Suppressor Pathway is the main pathway for cell growth that regulates tissue enlargement and organ size by limiting cell growth. This pathway is activated in response to cell cycle arrest signals (cell polarity, transduction, and DNA damage) and limited by growth factors or mitogens associated with EGF and LPA. The major pathway consists of the central kinase of Ste20 MAPK (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Hpo (Drosophila melanogaster) or MST kinases (mammalian) that activates the mammalian AGC kinase dmWts or LATS effector (MST and LATS). YAP in the nucleus work as a cofactor for a wide range of transcription factors involved in proliferation (TEA domain family, TEAD1-4), stem cells (Oct4 mononuclear factor and SMAD-related TGFβ effector), differentiation (RUNX1), and Cell cycle/apoptosis control (p53, p63, and p73 family members). This is due to the diverse roles of YAP and may limit tumor progression and establishment. TEAD also coordinates various signal transduction pathways such as Hippo, WNT, TGFβ and EGFR, and effects on lack of regulation of TEAD cancerous genes, such as KRAS, BRAF, LKB1, NF2 and MYC, which play essential roles in tumor progression, metastasis, cancer metabolism, immunity, and drug resistance. However, RAS signaling is a pivotal factor in the inactivation of Hippo, which controls EGFR-RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-mediated interaction of Hippo signaling. Thus, the loss of the Hippo pathway may have significant consequences on the targets of RAS-RAF mutations in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zinatizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author. Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Rouhollah Miri
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Kheirandish Zarandi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghanbar Mahmoodi Chalbatani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Catarina Rapôso
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences State University of Campinas – UNICAMP Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Cancer Research Center, Shohadae Tajrish Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author. Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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CDK5RAP2 Is an Essential Scaffolding Protein of the Corona of the Dictyostelium Centrosome. Cells 2018; 7:cells7040032. [PMID: 29690637 PMCID: PMC5946109 DOI: 10.3390/cells7040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dictyostelium centrosomes consist of a nucleus-associated cylindrical, three-layered core structure surrounded by a corona consisting of microtubule-nucleation complexes embedded in a scaffold of large coiled-coil proteins. One of them is the conserved CDK5RAP2 protein. Here we focus on the role of Dictyostelium CDK5RAP2 for maintenance of centrosome integrity, its interaction partners and its dynamic behavior during interphase and mitosis. GFP-CDK5RAP2 is present at the centrosome during the entire cell cycle except from a short period during prophase, correlating with the normal dissociation of the corona at this stage. RNAi depletion of CDK5RAP2 results in complete disorganization of centrosomes and microtubules suggesting that CDK5RAP2 is required for organization of the corona and its association to the core structure. This is in line with the observation that overexpressed GFP-CDK5RAP2 elicited supernumerary cytosolic MTOCs. The phenotype of CDK5RAP2 depletion was very reminiscent of that observed upon depletion of CP148, another scaffolding protein of the corona. BioID interaction assays revealed an interaction of CDK5RAP2 not only with the corona markers CP148, γ-tubulin, and CP248, but also with the core components Cep192, CP75, and CP91. Furthermore, protein localization studies in both depletion strains revealed that CP148 and CDK5RAP2 cooperate in corona organization.
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Meyer I, Peter T, Batsios P, Kuhnert O, Krüger-Genge A, Camurça C, Gräf R. CP39, CP75 and CP91 are major structural components of the Dictyostelium centrosome's core structure. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:119-130. [PMID: 28104305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The acentriolar Dictyostelium centrosome is a nucleus-associated body consisting of a core structure with three plaque-like layers, which are surrounded by a microtubule-nucleating corona. The core duplicates once per cell cycle at the G2/M transition, whereby its central layer disappears and the two outer layers form the mitotic spindle poles. Through proteomic analysis of isolated centrosomes, we have identified CP39 and CP75, two essential components of the core structure. Both proteins can be assigned to the central core layer as their centrosomal presence is correlated to the disappearance and reappearance of the central core layer in the course of centrosome duplication. Both proteins contain domains with centrosome-binding activity in their N- and C-terminal halves, whereby the respective N-terminal half is required for cell cycle-dependent regulation. CP39 is capable of self-interaction and GFP-CP39 overexpression elicited supernumerary microtubule-organizing centers and pre-centrosomal cytosolic clusters. Underexpression stopped cell growth and reversed the MTOC amplification phenotype. In contrast, in case of CP75 underexpression of the protein by RNAi treatment elicited supernumerary MTOCs. In addition, CP75RNAi affects correct chromosome segregation and causes co-depletion of CP39 and CP91, another central core layer component. CP39 and CP75 interact with each other directly in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Furthermore, CP39, CP75 and CP91 mutually interact in a proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) assay. Our data indicate that these three proteins are all required for proper centrosome biogenesis and make up the major structural components of core structure's central layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Meyer
- University of Potsdam, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Dept. of Cell Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 26, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Tatjana Peter
- University of Potsdam, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Dept. of Cell Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 26, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Petros Batsios
- University of Potsdam, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Dept. of Cell Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 26, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Oliver Kuhnert
- University of Potsdam, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Dept. of Cell Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 26, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Anne Krüger-Genge
- University of Potsdam, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Dept. of Cell Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 26, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Carl Camurça
- University of Potsdam, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Dept. of Cell Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 26, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Gräf
- University of Potsdam, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Dept. of Cell Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 26, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Khanna A, Lotfi P, Chavan AJ, Montaño NM, Bolourani P, Weeks G, Shen Z, Briggs SP, Pots H, Van Haastert PJM, Kortholt A, Charest PG. The small GTPases Ras and Rap1 bind to and control TORC2 activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25823. [PMID: 27172998 PMCID: PMC4865869 DOI: 10.1038/srep25823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 (TORC2) has conserved roles in regulating cytoskeleton dynamics and cell migration and has been linked to cancer metastasis. However, little is known about the mechanisms regulating TORC2 activity and function in any system. In Dictyostelium, TORC2 functions at the front of migrating cells downstream of the Ras protein RasC, controlling F-actin dynamics and cAMP production. Here, we report the identification of the small GTPase Rap1 as a conserved binding partner of the TORC2 component RIP3/SIN1, and that Rap1 positively regulates the RasC-mediated activation of TORC2 in Dictyostelium. Moreover, we show that active RasC binds to the catalytic domain of TOR, suggesting a mechanism of TORC2 activation that is similar to Rheb activation of TOR complex 1. Dual Ras/Rap1 regulation of TORC2 may allow for integration of Ras and Rap1 signaling pathways in directed cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Khanna
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747AG, Netherlands
| | - Pouya Lotfi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, USA
| | - Anita J. Chavan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, USA
| | - Nieves M. Montaño
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, USA
| | - Parvin Bolourani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Gerald Weeks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zhouxin Shen
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0380, USA
| | - Steven P. Briggs
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0380, USA
| | - Henderikus Pots
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747AG, Netherlands
| | | | - Arjan Kortholt
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747AG, Netherlands
| | - Pascale G. Charest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, USA
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Marinović M, Šoštar M, Filić V, Antolović V, Weber I. Quantitative imaging of Rac1 activity in Dictyostelium cells with a fluorescently labelled GTPase-binding domain from DPAKa kinase. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:267-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sukumaran SK, Blau-Wasser R, Rohlfs M, Gallinger C, Schleicher M, Noegel AA. The centrosomal component CEP161 of Dictyostelium discoideum interacts with the Hippo signaling pathway. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:1024-35. [PMID: 25607232 PMCID: PMC4614953 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1007015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
CEP161 is a novel component of the Dictyostelium discoideum centrosome which was identified as binding partner of the pericentriolar component CP250. Here we show that the amino acids 1-763 of the 1381 amino acids CEP161 are sufficient for CP250 binding, centrosomal targeting and centrosome association. Analysis of AX2 cells over-expressing truncated and full length CEP161 proteins revealed defects in growth and development. By immunoprecipitation experiments we identified the Hippo related kinase SvkA (Hrk-svk) as binding partner for CEP161. Both proteins colocalize at the centrosome. In in vitro kinase assays the N-terminal domain of CEP161 (residues 1-763) inhibited the kinase activity of Hrk-svk. A comparison of D. discoideum Hippo kinase mutants with mutants overexpressing CEP161 polypeptides revealed similar defects. We propose that the centrosomal component CEP161 is a novel player in the Hippo signaling pathway and affects various cellular properties through this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salil K Sukumaran
- a Institute of Biochemistry I; Medical Faculty University of Cologne ; Köln , Germany
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Yao F, Liu H, Li Z, Zhong C, Fang W. Down-regulation of LATS2 in non-small cell lung cancer promoted the growth and motility of cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:2049-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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