1
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Durkan A, Koup A, Bell SE, Lyczak R. Loss of the puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase, PAM-1, triggers the spindle assembly checkpoint during the first mitotic division in Caenorhabditis elegans. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001167. [PMID: 38633870 PMCID: PMC11022077 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidases have long been implicated in cell-cycle regulation, but the mechanism remains unknown. Here we show that mutations in the gene encoding the C. elegans puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase, PAM-1 , cause chromosome segregation defects and an elongated mitosis in the one-cell embryo. Depleting a known regulator of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), MDF-2 (MAD2 in humans), restores normal mitotic timing to pam-1 mutants but exacerbates the chromosome segregation defects. Thus, PAM-1 is required for proper attachment of chromosomes to the mitotic spindle and its absence triggers the SAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Durkan
- Biology, Ursinus College, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Annalise Koup
- Biology, Ursinus College, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Sarah E. Bell
- Biology, Ursinus College, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Rebecca Lyczak
- Biology, Ursinus College, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States
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2
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Pitayu-Nugroho L, Aubry M, Laband K, Geoffroy H, Ganeswaran T, Primadhanty A, Canman JC, Dumont J. Kinetochore component function in C. elegans oocytes revealed by 4D tracking of holocentric chromosomes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4032. [PMID: 37419936 PMCID: PMC10329006 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39702-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During cell division, chromosome congression to the spindle center, their orientation along the spindle long axis and alignment at the metaphase plate depend on interactions between spindle microtubules and kinetochores, and are pre-requisite for chromosome bi-orientation and accurate segregation. How these successive phases are controlled during oocyte meiosis remains elusive. Here we provide 4D live imaging during the first meiotic division in C. elegans oocytes with wild-type or disrupted kinetochore protein function. We show that, unlike in monocentric organisms, holocentric chromosome bi-orientation is not strictly required for accurate chromosome segregation. Instead, we propose a model in which initial kinetochore-localized BHC module (comprised of BUB-1Bub1, HCP-1/2CENP-F and CLS-2CLASP)-dependent pushing acts redundantly with Ndc80 complex-mediated pulling for accurate chromosome segregation in meiosis. In absence of both mechanisms, homologous chromosomes tend to co-segregate in anaphase, especially when initially mis-oriented. Our results highlight how different kinetochore components cooperate to promote accurate holocentric chromosome segregation in oocytes of C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mélanie Aubry
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Kimberley Laband
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Geoffroy
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Julie C Canman
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Julien Dumont
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France.
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3
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Argüello-Miranda O, Marchand AJ, Kennedy T, Russo MAX, Noh J. Cell cycle-independent integration of stress signals by Xbp1 promotes Non-G1/G0 quiescence entry. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:212720. [PMID: 34694336 PMCID: PMC8548912 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202103171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular quiescence is a nonproliferative state required for cell survival under stress and during development. In most quiescent cells, proliferation is stopped in a reversible state of low Cdk1 kinase activity; in many organisms, however, quiescent states with high-Cdk1 activity can also be established through still uncharacterized stress or developmental mechanisms. Here, we used a microfluidics approach coupled to phenotypic classification by machine learning to identify stress pathways associated with starvation-triggered high-Cdk1 quiescent states in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that low- and high-Cdk1 quiescent states shared a core of stress-associated processes, such as autophagy, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial up-regulation, but differed in the nuclear accumulation of the stress transcription factors Xbp1, Gln3, and Sfp1. The decision between low- or high-Cdk1 quiescence was controlled by cell cycle-independent accumulation of Xbp1, which acted as a time-delayed integrator of the duration of stress stimuli. Our results show how cell cycle-independent stress-activated factors promote cellular quiescence outside G1/G0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Argüello-Miranda
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ashley J Marchand
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Taylor Kennedy
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
| | - Marielle A X Russo
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jungsik Noh
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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4
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Coller HA. Stressed-out yeast do not pass GO. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202111032. [PMID: 34932069 PMCID: PMC8697686 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using microfluidics and imaging, Argüello-Miranda et al. (2021. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202103171) monitor the response of individual yeast cells to nutrient withdrawal. They discover that cells arrest not only in the early G1 phase as expected, but also later in the cell cycle, and that an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced transcription factor, Xbp1, is critical for arrest at other cell cycle phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A. Coller
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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5
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Cohen-Fix O, Askjaer P. Cell Biology of the Caenorhabditis elegans Nucleus. Genetics 2017; 205:25-59. [PMID: 28049702 PMCID: PMC5216270 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.197160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the Caenorhabditis elegans nucleus have provided fascinating insight to the organization and activities of eukaryotic cells. Being the organelle that holds the genetic blueprint of the cell, the nucleus is critical for basically every aspect of cell biology. The stereotypical development of C. elegans from a one cell-stage embryo to a fertile hermaphrodite with 959 somatic nuclei has allowed the identification of mutants with specific alterations in gene expression programs, nuclear morphology, or nuclear positioning. Moreover, the early C. elegans embryo is an excellent model to dissect the mitotic processes of nuclear disassembly and reformation with high spatiotemporal resolution. We review here several features of the C. elegans nucleus, including its composition, structure, and dynamics. We also discuss the spatial organization of chromatin and regulation of gene expression and how this depends on tight control of nucleocytoplasmic transport. Finally, the extensive connections of the nucleus with the cytoskeleton and their implications during development are described. Most processes of the C. elegans nucleus are evolutionarily conserved, highlighting the relevance of this powerful and versatile model organism to human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Cohen-Fix
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Peter Askjaer
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucia/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
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6
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Xekouki P, Szarek E, Bullova P, Giubellino A, Quezado M, Mastroyannis SA, Mastorakos P, Wassif CA, Raygada M, Rentia N, Dye L, Cougnoux A, Koziol D, Sierra MDLL, Lyssikatos C, Belyavskaya E, Malchoff C, Moline J, Eng C, Maher LJ, Pacak K, Lodish M, Stratakis CA. Pituitary adenoma with paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma (3PAs) and succinate dehydrogenase defects in humans and mice. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E710-9. [PMID: 25695889 PMCID: PMC4422891 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-4297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Germline mutations in genes coding succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunits A, B, C, and D have been identified in familial paragangliomas (PGLs)/pheochromocytomas (PHEOs) and other tumors. We described a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma (PA) caused by SDHD mutation in a patient with familial PGLs. Additional patients with PAs and SDHx defects have since been reported. DESIGN We studied 168 patients with unselected sporadic PA and with the association of PAs, PGLs, and/or pheochromocytomas, a condition we named the 3P association (3PAs) for SDHx germline mutations. We also studied the pituitary gland and hormonal profile of Sdhb(+/-) mice and their wild-type littermates at different ages. RESULTS No SDHx mutations were detected among sporadic PA, whereas three of four familial cases were positive for a mutation (75%). Most of the SDHx-deficient PAs were either prolactinomas or somatotropinomas. Pituitaries of Sdhb(+/-) mice older than 12 months had an increased number mainly of prolactin-secreting cells and several ultrastructural abnormalities such as intranuclear inclusions, altered chromatin nuclear pattern, and abnormal mitochondria. Igf-1 levels of mutant mice tended to be higher across age groups, whereas Prl and Gh levels varied according to age and sex. CONCLUSION The present study confirms the existence of a new association that we termed 3PAs. It is due mostly to germline SDHx defects, although sporadic cases of 3PAs without SDHx defects also exist. Using Sdhb(+/-) mice, we provide evidence that pituitary hyperplasia in SDHx-deficient cells may be the initial abnormality in the cascade of events leading to PA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Xekouki
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (P.X., E.S., S.A.M., P.M., M.R., N.R., M.d.L.L.S., C.L., E.B., M.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology (P.B., A.G.), Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Section on Molecular Dysmorphology (C.A.W., A.C.), Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Microscopy and Imaging Core (L.D.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Pathology (A.G., M.Q., K.P.), National Cancer Institute, and Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (D.K.), Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Endocrinology (C.M.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; Genomic Medicine Institute (J.M., C.E.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.J.M.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; and Department of Molecular Medicine (P.B.), Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 833 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
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7
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Padilla PA, Garcia AM, Ladage ML, Toni LS. Caenorhabditis elegans: An Old Genetic Model Can Learn New Epigenetic Tricks. Integr Comp Biol 2014; 54:52-60. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icu039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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8
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Zhang Z, Tang QY, Alaimo JT, Davies AG, Bettinger JC, Logothetis DE. SLO-2 isoforms with unique Ca(2+) - and voltage-dependence characteristics confer sensitivity to hypoxia in C. elegans. Channels (Austin) 2013; 7:194-205. [PMID: 23590941 DOI: 10.4161/chan.24492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Slo channels are large conductance K (+) channels that display marked differences in their gating by intracellular ions. Among them, the Slo1 and C. elegans SLO-2 channels are gated by calcium (Ca ( 2+) ), while mammalian Slo2 channels are activated by both sodium (Na (+) ) and chloride (Cl (-) ). Here, we report that SLO-2 channels, SLO-2a and a novel N-terminal variant isoform, SLO-2b, are activated by Ca ( 2+) and voltage, but in contrast to previous reports they do not exhibit Cl (-) sensitivity. Most importantly, SLO-2 provides a unique case in the Slo family for sensing Ca ( 2+) with the high-affinity Ca ( 2+) regulatory site in the RCK1 but not the RCK2 domain, formed through interactions with residues E319 and E487 (that correspond to D362 and E535 of Slo1, respectively). The SLO-2 RCK2 domain lacks the Ca ( 2+) bowl structure and shows minimal Ca ( 2+) dependence. In addition, in contrast to SLO-1, SLO-2 loss-of-function mutants confer resistance to hypoxia in C. elegans. Thus, the C. elegans SLO-2 channels possess unique biophysical and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA, USA.
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9
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Garcia AM, Ladage ML, Padilla PA. Use of time lapse microscopy to visualize anoxia-induced suspended animation in C. elegans embryos. J Vis Exp 2012:e4319. [PMID: 23242305 DOI: 10.3791/4319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabdits elegans has been used extensively in the study of stress resistance, which is facilitated by the transparency of the adult and embryo stages as well as by the availability of genetic mutants and transgenic strains expressing a myriad of fusion proteins(1-4). In addition, dynamic processes such as cell division can be viewed using fluorescently labeled reporter proteins. The study of mitosis can be facilitated through the use of time-lapse experiments in various systems including intact organisms; thus the early C. elegans embryo is well suited for this study. Presented here is a technique by which in vivo imaging of sub-cellular structures in response to anoxic (99.999% N2; <2 ppm O2) stress is possible using a simple gas flow through setup on a high-powered microscope. A microincubation chamber is used in conjunction with nitrogen gas flow through and a spinning disc confocal microscope to create a controlled environment in which animals can be imaged in vivo. Using GFP-tagged gamma tubulin and histone, the dynamics and arrest of cell division can be monitored before, during and after exposure to an oxygen-deprived environment. The results of this technique are high resolution, detailed videos and images of cellular structures within blastomeres of embryos exposed to oxygen deprivation.
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10
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Iranon NN, Miller DL. Interactions between oxygen homeostasis, food availability, and hydrogen sulfide signaling. Front Genet 2012; 3:257. [PMID: 23233860 PMCID: PMC3516179 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to sense and respond to stressful conditions is essential to maintain organismal homeostasis. It has long been recognized that stress response factors that improve survival in changing conditions can also influence longevity. In this review, we discuss different strategies used by animals in response to decreased O(2) (hypoxia) to maintain O(2) homeostasis, and consider interactions between hypoxia responses, nutritional status, and H(2)S signaling. O(2) is an essential environmental nutrient for almost all metazoans as it plays a fundamental role in development and cellular metabolism. However, the physiological response(s) to hypoxia depend greatly on the amount of O(2) available. Animals must sense declining O(2) availability to coordinate fundamental metabolic and signaling pathways. It is not surprising that factors involved in the response to hypoxia are also involved in responding to other key environmental signals, particularly food availability. Recent studies in mammals have also shown that the small gaseous signaling molecule hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) protects against cellular damage and death in hypoxia. These results suggest that H(2)S signaling also integrates with hypoxia response(s). Many of the signaling pathways that mediate the effects of hypoxia, food deprivation, and H(2)S signaling have also been implicated in the control of lifespan. Understanding how these pathways are coordinated therefore has the potential to reveal new cellular and organismal homeostatic mechanisms that contribute to longevity assurance in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole N Iranon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, WA, USA ; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, WA, USA
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11
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Padilla PA, Ladage ML. Suspended animation, diapause and quiescence: arresting the cell cycle in C. elegans. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:1672-9. [PMID: 22510566 DOI: 10.4161/cc.19444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing organisms require nutrients to support cell division vital for growth and development. An adaptation to stress, used by many organisms, is to reversibly enter an arrested state by reducing energy-requiring processes, such as development and cell division. This "wait it out" approach to survive stress until the environment is conductive for growth and development is used by many metazoans. Much is known about the molecular regulation of cell division, metazoan development and responses to environmental stress. However, how these biological processes intersect is less understood. Here, we review studies conducted in Caenorhabditis elegans that investigate how stresses such as oxygen deprivation (hypoxia and anoxia), exogenous chemicals or starvation affect cellular processes in the embryo, larvae or adult germline. Using C. elegans to identify how stress signals biological arrest can help in our understanding of evolutionary pressures as well as human health-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Padilla
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
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12
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Hulme SE, Whitesides GM. Die Chemie und der Wurm: Caenorhabditis elegans als Plattform für das Zusammenführen von chemischer und biologischer Forschung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201005461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Hulme SE, Whitesides GM. Chemistry and the Worm: Caenorhabditis elegans as a Platform for Integrating Chemical and Biological Research. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4774-807. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Li H, Ren C, Shi J, Hang X, Zhang F, Gao Y, Wu Y, Xu L, Chen C, Zhang C. A proteomic view of Caenorhabditis elegans caused by short-term hypoxic stress. Proteome Sci 2010; 8:49. [PMID: 20858264 PMCID: PMC2954870 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-8-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is both sensitive and tolerant to hypoxic stress, particularly when the evolutionarily conserved hypoxia response pathway HIF-1/EGL-9/VHL is involved. Hypoxia-induced changes in the expression of a number of genes have been analyzed using whole genome microarrays in C. elegans, but the changes at the protein level in response to hypoxic stress still remain unclear. Results Here, we utilized a quantitative proteomic approach to evaluate changes in the expression patterns of proteins during the early response to hypoxia in C. elegans. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) was used to compare the proteomic maps of wild type C. elegans strain N2 under a 4-h hypoxia treatment (0.2% oxygen) and under normoxia (control). A subsequent analysis by MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS revealed nineteen protein spots that were differentially expressed. Nine of the protein spots were significantly upregulated, and ten were downregulated upon hypoxic stress. Three of the upregulated proteins were involved in cytoskeletal function (LEV-11, MLC-1, ACT-4), while another three upregulated (ATP-2, ATP-5, VHA-8) were ATP synthases functionally related to energy metabolism. Four ribosomal proteins (RPL-7, RPL-8, RPL-21, RPS-8) were downregulated, indicating a decrease in the level of protein translation upon hypoxic stress. The overexpression of tropomyosin (LEV-11) was further validated by Western blot. In addition, the mutant strain of lev-11(x12) also showed a hypoxia-sensitive phenotype in subsequent analyses, confirming the proteomic findings. Conclusions Taken together, our data suggest that altered protein expression, structural protein remodeling, and the reduction of translation might play important roles in the early response to oxygen deprivation in C. elegans, and this information will help broaden our knowledge on the mechanism of hypoxia response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualing Li
- Life Science College of Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China.,Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing 100850, China.,Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Changhong Ren
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jinping Shi
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xingyi Hang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Feilong Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yonghong Wu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Langlai Xu
- Life Science College of Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changsheng Chen
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chenggang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing 100850, China
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15
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Powell-Coffman JA. Hypoxia signaling and resistance in C. elegans. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21:435-40. [PMID: 20335046 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In normal development and homeostasis and in many disease states, cells and tissues must overcome the challenge of oxygen deprivation (hypoxia). The nematode C. elegans is emerging as an increasingly powerful system in which to understand how animals adapt to moderate hypoxia and survive extreme hypoxic insults. This review provides an overview of C. elegans responses to hypoxia, ranging from adaptation and arrest to death, and highlights some of the recent studies that have provided important insights into hypoxia signaling and resistance. Many of the key genes and pathways are evolutionarily conserved, and C. elegans hypoxia research promises to inform our understanding of oxygen-sensitive signaling and survival in mammalian development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Anne Powell-Coffman
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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16
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Yaqoob N, Schwerte T. Cardiovascular and respiratory developmental plasticity under oxygen depleted environment and in genetically hypoxic zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2010; 156:475-84. [PMID: 20363352 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Known vertebrate response to low oxygen concentration include change in carbohydrate metabolism, increase in nitric oxide, stimulation of red blood cell and hemoglobin production and induction of gene expression for glycolytic enzymes and hormones. Also, extreme hypoxia plays main role in pathological studies of cardiac dysfunction. The morphological and physiological developmental studies of the cardiovascular system under low oxygen are important as it is directly related to oxygen supply and consumption. Furthermore, cardiac function demands high energy during system development and thus it is most likely to be affected by hypoxia. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) can act as a model organism for oxygen demand management study as in natural environment, due to ecological disturbances, it is exposed to changes in oxygen concentrations routinely and thus would have natural ability to cope with it for survival. We have studied, in zebrafish, i) cardiovascular flexibility under extreme hypoxia (PO(2)=20 Torr, 3 kPa) at 3-10 dpf (days post-fertilization), ii) cardiac re-animation in normoxia (PO(2)=152 Torr, 20 kPa) after 90 min of anoxia (PO(2)=0 Torr, 0 kPa)-induced suspended animation at 4 dpf and iii) oxygen consumption in 8 dpf von Hippel-Lindau (vhl(-)(/)(-)) mutant that exhibits an artificial hypoxic response under normoxic conditions. In hypoxic fish, cardiac output, stroke volume and end-diastolic volume were elevated while intersegmental blood vessels vascularization index at 6 dpf and at 10 dpf was 22% and 11% higher respectively as compared to the normoxic fish. The heart rate in hypoxic fish was lower until 6 dpf and then showed an elevated trend. There was no significant difference in body length between the hypoxic and normoxic individuals. The observed changes may have enhanced the performance of the cardiovascular system for oxygen uptake. We also report for the first time that the post-anoxia re-animated heart rate returns to normal after 48h. Measurement of oxygen consumption in 8 dpf hyperventilating vhl(-)(/)(-) mutant was, unexpectedly, significantly lower than the non-mutant fish of the same age which point towards artificial hypoxic signal from brain in these mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Yaqoob
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Zoology, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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17
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Hajeri VA, Little BA, Ladage ML, Padilla PA. NPP-16/Nup50 function and CDK-1 inactivation are associated with anoxia-induced prophase arrest in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:712-24. [PMID: 20053678 PMCID: PMC2828959 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e09-09-0787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular and genetic analysis supports the notion that NPP-16/NUP50 and CDK-1 function to reversibly arrest prophase blastomeres in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos exposed to anoxia. The anoxia-induced shift of cells from an actively dividing state to an arrested state reveals a previously uncharacterized prophase checkpoint in the C. elegans embryo. Oxygen, an essential nutrient, is sensed by a multiple of cellular pathways that facilitate the responses to and survival of oxygen deprivation. The Caenorhabditis elegans embryo exposed to severe oxygen deprivation (anoxia) enters a state of suspended animation in which cell cycle progression reversibly arrests at specific stages. The mechanisms regulating interphase, prophase, or metaphase arrest in response to anoxia are not completely understood. Characteristics of arrested prophase blastomeres and oocytes are the alignment of condensed chromosomes at the nuclear periphery and an arrest of nuclear envelope breakdown. Notably, anoxia-induced prophase arrest is suppressed in mutant embryos lacking nucleoporin NPP-16/NUP50 function, indicating that this nucleoporin plays an important role in prophase arrest in wild-type embryos. Although the inactive form of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK-1) is detected in wild-type–arrested prophase blastomeres, the inactive state is not detected in the anoxia exposed npp-16 mutant. Furthermore, we found that CDK-1 localizes near chromosomes in anoxia-exposed embryos. These data support the notion that NPP-16 and CDK-1 function to arrest prophase blastomeres in C. elegans embryos. The anoxia-induced shift of cells from an actively dividing state to an arrested state reveals a previously uncharacterized prophase checkpoint in the C. elegans embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita A Hajeri
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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Taghibiglou C, Martin HGS, Rose JK, Ivanova N, Lin CHC, Lau HL, Rai S, Wang YT, Rankin CH. Essential role of SBP-1 activation in oxygen deprivation induced lipid accumulation and increase in body width/length ratio in Caenorhabditis elegans. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:831-4. [PMID: 19187779 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests a link between chronic oxygen starvation and fat accumulation/obesity, however the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Using Caenorhabditis elegans we found extended oxygen deprivation resulted in activation of SBP-1, the worm homologue of SREBP1, a transcription factor important in maintaining lipid homeostasis. SBP-1 knockdown prevented hypoxia-induced fat accumulation and the associated increase in worm width/length ratio, demonstrating that SBP-1/SREBP1 plays an essential role in hypoxia-induced lipid accumulation and body shape alteration. This study provides the first evidence suggesting that activation of SREBP1 may be a critical pathogenic factor contributing to chronic hypoxia associated excessive fat accumulation/obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changiz Taghibiglou
- Department of Medicine, UBC, Canada; Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 2B5
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Hajeri VA, Stewart AM, Moore LL, Padilla PA. Genetic analysis of the spindle checkpoint genes san-1, mdf-2, bub-3 and the CENP-F homologues hcp-1 and hcp-2 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Div 2008; 3:6. [PMID: 18248670 PMCID: PMC2265278 DOI: 10.1186/1747-1028-3-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The spindle checkpoint delays the onset of anaphase until all sister chromatids are aligned properly at the metaphase plate. To investigate the role san-1, the MAD3 homologue, has in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos we used RNA interference (RNAi) to identify genes synthetic lethal with the viable san-1(ok1580) deletion mutant. Results The san-1(ok1580) animal has low penetrating phenotypes including an increased incidence of males, larvae arrest, slow growth, protruding vulva, and defects in vulva morphogenesis. We found that the viability of san-1(ok1580) embryos is significantly reduced when HCP-1 (CENP-F homologue), MDF-1 (MAD-1 homologue), MDF-2 (MAD-2 homologue) or BUB-3 (predicted BUB-3 homologue) are reduced by RNAi. Interestingly, the viability of san-1(ok1580) embryos is not significantly reduced when the paralog of HCP-1, HCP-2, is reduced. The phenotype of san-1(ok1580);hcp-1(RNAi) embryos includes embryonic and larval lethality, abnormal organ development, and an increase in abnormal chromosome segregation (aberrant mitotic nuclei, anaphase bridging). Several of the san-1(ok1580);hcp-1(RNAi) animals displayed abnormal kinetochore (detected by MPM-2) and microtubule structure. The survival of mdf-2(RNAi);hcp-1(RNAi) embryos but not bub-3(RNAi);hcp-1(RNAi) embryos was also compromised. Finally, we found that san-1(ok1580) and bub-3(RNAi), but not hcp-1(RNAi) embryos, were sensitive to anoxia, suggesting that like SAN-1, BUB-3 has a functional role as a spindle checkpoint protein. Conclusion Together, these data suggest that in the C. elegans embryo, HCP-1 interacts with a subset of the spindle checkpoint pathway. Furthermore, the fact that san-1(ok1580);hcp-1(RNAi) animals had a severe viability defect whereas in the san-1(ok1580);hcp-2(RNAi) and san-1(ok1580);hcp-2(ok1757) animals the viability defect was not as severe suggesting that hcp-1 and hcp-2 are not completely redundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita A Hajeri
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
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Bourdeau-Heller J, Oberley TD. Prostate carcinoma cells selected by long-term exposure to reduced oxygen tension show remarkable biochemical plasticity via modulation of superoxide, HIF-1alpha levels, and energy metabolism. J Cell Physiol 2007; 212:744-52. [PMID: 17458899 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are able to tolerate levels of O(2) that are damaging or lethal to normal cells; we hypothesize that this tolerance is the result of biochemical plasticity which maintains cellular homeostasis of both energy levels and oxidation state. In order to examine this hypothesis, we used different O(2) levels as a selective agent during long-term culture of DU145 prostate cancer cells to develop three isogenic cell lines that grow in normoxic (4%), hyperoxic (21%), or hypoxic (1%) O(2) conditions. Growth characteristics and O(2) consumption differed significantly between these cell lines without changes in ATP levels or altered sensitivity to 2-deoxy-D-glucose, an inhibitor of glycolysis. O(2) consumption was significantly higher in the hyperoxic line as was the level of endogenous superoxide. The hypoxic cell line regulated the chemical gradient of the proton motive force (PMF) independent of the electrical component without O(2)-dependent changes in Hif-1alpha levels. In contrast, the normoxic line regulated Hif-1alpha without tight regulation of the chemical component of the PMF noted in the hypoxic cell line. From these studies, we conclude that selection of prostate cancer cells by long-term exposure to low ambient levels of O(2) resulted in cells with unique biochemical properties in which energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and HIF-1alpha levels are modulated to allow cell survival and growth. Thus, cancer cells exhibit remarkable biochemical plasticity in response to various O(2) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Bourdeau-Heller
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Pathology, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Pandey R, Heeger S, Lehner CF. Rapid effects of acute anoxia on spindle kinetochore interactions activate the mitotic spindle checkpoint. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:2807-18. [PMID: 17652159 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.007690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The dramatic chromosome instability in certain tumors might reflect a synergy of spindle checkpoint defects with hypoxic conditions. In Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, spindle checkpoint activation has been implicated in the response to acute anoxia. The activation mechanism is unknown. Our analyses in D. melanogaster demonstrate that oxygen deprivation affects microtubule organization within minutes. The rapid effects of anoxia are identical in wild-type and spindle checkpoint-deficient Mps1 mutant embryos. Therefore, the anoxia effects on the mitotic spindle are not a secondary consequence of spindle checkpoint activation. Some motor, centrosome and kinetochore proteins (dynein, Kin-8, Cnn, TACC, Cenp-C, Nuf2) are rapidly relocalized after oxygen deprivation. Kinetochores congress inefficiently into the metaphase plate and do not experience normal pulling forces. Spindle checkpoint proteins accumulate mainly within the spindle midzone and inhibit anaphase onset. In checkpoint-deficient embryos, mitosis is still completed after oxygen deprivation, although accompanied by massive chromosome missegregation. Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation mimic anoxia effects. We conclude that oxygen deprivation impairs the chromosome segregation machinery more rapidly than spindle checkpoint function. Although involving adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-consuming kinases, the spindle checkpoint can therefore be activated by spindle damage in response to acute anoxia and protect against aneuploidies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pandey
- Department of Genetics, BZMB, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Johnson AB, Barton MC. Hypoxia-induced and stress-specific changes in chromatin structure and function. Mutat Res 2007; 618:149-62. [PMID: 17292925 PMCID: PMC1924842 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular adaptation to stress relies on specific, regulated responses to evoke changes in gene expression. Stresses such as hypoxia, heat shock, oxidative stress and DNA-damage activate signaling cascades that ultimately lead to either induction or repression of stress-responsive genes. In this review, we concentrate on the mechanisms by which stress-induced signaling promotes alterations in chromatin structure, whether the read-out is activation or repression of transcription. Specific alterations in chromatin are highly regulated and dictated by the type of imposed stress. Our primary focus is on the types of chromatin alterations that occur under hypoxic conditions, which exist within a majority of tumors, and to compare these to changes in chromatin structure that occur in response to a wide variety of cellular stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Craig Barton
- *Address correspondence to: Michelle Craig Barton, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Box 1000, Houston, TX 77030. Phone: 713-834-6268, Fax: 713-834-6271,
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Mendenhall AR, LaRue B, Padilla PA. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mediates anoxia response and survival in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2006; 174:1173-87. [PMID: 16980394 PMCID: PMC1667098 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.106.061390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen deprivation has a role in the pathology of many human diseases. Thus it is of interest in understanding the genetic and cellular responses to hypoxia or anoxia in oxygen-deprivation-tolerant organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans. In C. elegans the DAF-2/DAF-16 pathway, an IGF-1/insulin-like signaling pathway, is involved with dauer formation, longevity, and stress resistance. In this report we compared the response of wild-type and daf-2(e1370) animals to anoxia. Unlike wild-type animals, the daf-2(e1370) animals have an enhanced anoxia-survival phenotype in that they survive long-term anoxia and high-temperature anoxia, do not accumulate significant tissue damage in either of these conditions, and are motile after 24 hr of anoxia. RNA interference was used to screen DAF-16-regulated genes that suppress the daf-2(e1370)-enhanced anoxia-survival phenotype. We identified gpd-2 and gpd-3, two nearly identical genes in an operon that encode the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. We found that not only is the daf-2(e1370)-enhanced anoxia phenotype dependent upon gpd-2 and gpd-3, but also the motility of animals exposed to brief periods of anoxia is prematurely arrested in gpd-2/3(RNAi) and daf-2(e1370);gpd-2/3(RNAi) animals. These data suggest that gpd-2 and gpd-3 may serve a protective role in tissue exposed to oxygen deprivation.
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