1
|
Zhou H, He Y, Huang Y, Li R, Zhang H, Xia X, Xiong H. Comprehensive analysis of prognostic value, immune implication and biological function of CPNE1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1157269. [PMID: 37077419 PMCID: PMC10106647 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1157269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Elevated expression of Copine-1 (CPNE1) has been proved in various cancers; however, the underlying mechanisms by which it affects clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are unclear.Methods: In this study, we applied multiple bioinformatic databases to analyze the expression and clinical significance of CPNE1 in ccRCC. Co-expression analysis and functional enrichment analysis were investigated by LinkedOmics, cBioPortal and Metascape. The relationships between CPNE1 and tumor immunology were explored using ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT method. In vitro experiments, CCK-8, wound healing, transwell assays and western blotting were conducted to investigate the effects of gain- or loss-of-function of CPNE1 in ccRCC cells.Results: The expression of CPNE1 was notably elevated in ccRCC tissues and cells, and significantly correlated with grade, invasion range, stage and distant metastasis. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis displayed that CPNE1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC patients. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that CPNE1 and its co-expressed genes mainly regulated cancer-related and immune-related pathways. Immune correlation analysis showed that CPNE1 expression was significantly related to immune and estimate scores. CPNE1 expression was positively related to higher infiltrations of immune cells, such as CD8+ T cells, plasma cells and regulatory T cells, exhibited lower infiltrations of neutrophils. Meanwhile, elevated expression of CPNE1 was characterized by high immune infiltration levels, increased expression levels of CD8+ T cell exhaustion markers (CTLA4, PDCD1 and LAG3) and worse response to immunotherapy. In vitro functional studies demonstrated that CPNE1 promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of ccRCC cells through EGFR/STAT3 pathway.Conclusion: CPNE1 is a reliable clinical predictor for the prognosis of ccRCC and promotes proliferation and migration by activating EGFR/STAT3 signaling. Moreover, CPNE1 significantly correlates with immune infiltration in ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiting Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongbiao Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohui Xia
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huihua Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Huihua Xiong,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ide AD, Wight EM, Damer CK. Phosphatidylserine exposure promotes increased adhesion in Dictyostelium Copine A mutants. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250710. [PMID: 34043641 PMCID: PMC8158977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) is a key signaling molecule and binding partner for many intracellular proteins. PS is normally found on the inner surface of the cell membrane, but PS can be flipped to the outer surface in a process called PS exposure. PS exposure is important in many cell functions, yet the mechanisms that control PS exposure have not been extensively studied. Copines (Cpn), found in most eukaryotic organisms, make up a family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins. In Dictyostelium, which has six copine genes, CpnA strongly binds to PS and translocates from the cytosol to the plasma membrane in response to a rise in calcium. Cells lacking the cpnA gene (cpnA-) have defects in adhesion, chemotaxis, membrane trafficking, and cytokinesis. In this study we used both flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy to show that cpnA- cells have increased adhesion to beads and bacteria and that the increased adhesion was not due to changes in the actin cytoskeleton or cell surface proteins. We found that cpnA- cells bound higher amounts of Annexin V, a PS binding protein, than parental cells and showed that unlabeled Annexin V reduced the increased cell adhesion property of cpnA- cells. We also found that cpnA- cells were more sensitive to Polybia-MP1, which binds to external PS and induces cell lysis. Overall, this suggests that cpnA- cells have increased PS exposure and this property contributes to the increased cell adhesion of cpnA- cells. We conclude that CpnA has a role in the regulation of plasma membrane lipid composition and may act as a negative regulator of PS exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber D. Ide
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Elise M. Wight
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Cynthia K. Damer
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wight EM, Ide AD, Damer CK. Copine A regulates the size and exocytosis of contractile vacuoles and postlysosomes in Dictyostelium. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:979-994. [PMID: 32351039 PMCID: PMC7262877 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Copines are a family of cytosolic proteins that associate with membranes in a calcium‐dependent manner and are found in many eukaryotic organisms. Dictyostelium discoideum has six copine genes (cpnA‐cpnF), and cells lacking cpnA(cpnA−) have defects in cytokinesis, chemotaxis, adhesion, and development. CpnA has also been shown to associate with the plasma membrane, contractile vacuoles (CV), and organelles of the endolysosomal pathway. Here, we use cpnA− cells to investigate the role of CpnA in CV function and endocytosis. When placed in water, cpnA− cells made abnormally large CVs that took longer to expel. Visualization of CVs with the marker protein GFP‐dajumin indicated that cpnA− cells had fewer CVs that sometimes refilled before complete emptying. In endocytosis assays, cpnA− cells took up small fluorescent beads by macropinocytosis at rates similar to parental cells. However, cpnA− cells reached a plateau sooner than parental cells and had less fluorescence at later time points. p80 antibody labeling of postlysosomes (PL) indicated that there were fewer and smaller PLs in cpnA− cells. In dextran pulse‐chase experiments, the number of PLs peaked earlier in cpnA− cells, and the PLs did not become as large and disappeared sooner as compared to parental cells. PLs in cpnA− cells were also shown to have more actin coats, suggesting CpnA may play a role in actin filament disassembly on PL membranes. Overall, these results indicate that CpnA is involved in the regulation of CV size and expulsion, and the maturation, size, and exocytosis of PLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise M Wight
- Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Amber D Ide
- Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Cynthia K Damer
- Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Du W, Liu T, Zhang Y, Zeng Y, Zhu J, Tang H, Liu Z, Huang JA. MiR-195-5p is a Potential Factor Responsible for CPNE1 Differential Expression between Subtypes of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:2610-2620. [PMID: 32201531 PMCID: PMC7066018 DOI: 10.7150/jca.39884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Lung cancer is the most common malignancy with poor 5-year survival among men and women. Previous studies have shown that CPNE1 is up-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, whether and how CPNE1 expression varies between different subtypes of NSCLC remains less understood. Methods: Bioinformatical analysis and GSE19188 were selected to confirm CPNE1 expression in different subtypes of NSCLC. Four microRNA prediction websites and GSE53883, GSE43000 were used to evaluate the possible targeting microRNAs. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were drawn based on Tumor Lung Bild -114 dataset using R2, UCSC Xena browser or linkedomics platform. Furthermore, we verified our prediction via qRT-PCR, and western blot and luciferase reporter assays. Results: we demonstrated that higher CPNE1 expression was associated with poorer survival in NSCLC patients. Moreover, among the different subtypes, patients with squamous cell lung cancer (SCC) exhibited higher level of CPNE1 expression, as well as substantially poorer survival. MiR-195-5p was down-regulated in NSCLC tissues. Interestingly, SCC patients showed lower miR-195-5p expression compared to patients with lung adenocarcinoma (ADC). In addition, functional assays proved that miR-195-5p overexpression inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC-derived cells by directly targeting CPNE1. Pathway analysis showed decreased expression of p-AKT, p-Erk, and Snail after transfection with miR-195-5p mimics in both lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lines. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that miR-195-5p regulation contributed to the differential expression of CPNE1 in NSCLC subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jianjie Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Haicheng Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, 224001, China
| | - Zeyi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jian-an Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Copine A Interacts with Actin Filaments and Plays a Role in Chemotaxis and Adhesion. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070758. [PMID: 31330887 PMCID: PMC6679068 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Copines make up a family of calcium-dependent, phospholipid-binding proteins found in numerous eukaryotic organisms. Copine proteins consist of two C2 domains at the N-terminus followed by an A domain similar to the von Willebrand A domain found in integrins. We are studying copine protein function in the model organism, Dictyostelium discoideum, which has six copine genes, cpnA-cpnF. Previous research showed that cells lacking the cpnA gene exhibited a cytokinesis defect, a contractile vacuole defect, and developmental defects. To provide insight into the role of CpnA in these cellular processes, we used column chromatography and immunoprecipitation to isolate proteins that bind to CpnA. These proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. One of the proteins identified was actin. Purified CpnA was shown to bind to actin filaments in a calcium-dependent manner in vitro. cpnA− cells exhibited defects in three actin-based processes: chemotaxis, cell polarity, and adhesion. These results suggest that CpnA plays a role in chemotaxis and adhesion and may do so by interacting with actin filaments.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ilacqua AN, Price JE, Graham BN, Buccilli MJ, McKellar DR, Damer CK. Cyclic AMP signaling in Dictyostelium promotes the translocation of the copine family of calcium-binding proteins to the plasma membrane. BMC Cell Biol 2018; 19:13. [PMID: 30012091 PMCID: PMC6048903 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-018-0160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copines are calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins found in many eukaryotic organisms and are thought to be involved in signaling pathways that regulate a wide variety of cellular processes. Copines are characterized by having two C2 domains at the N-terminus accompanied by an A domain at the C-terminus. Six copine genes have been identified in the Dictyostelium genome, cpnA - cpnF. RESULTS Independent cell lines expressing CpnA, CpnB, CpnC, CpnE, or CpnF tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) were created as tools to study copine protein membrane-binding and localization. In general, the GFP-tagged copine proteins appeared to localize to the cytoplasm in live cells. GFP-tagged CpnB, CpnC, and CpnF were also found in the nucleus. When cells were fixed or when live cells were treated with calcium ionophore, the GFP-tagged copine proteins were found associated with the plasma membrane and vesicular organelles. When starved Dictyostelium cells were stimulated with cAMP, which causes a transitory increase in calcium concentration, all of the copines translocated to the plasma membrane, but with varying magnitudes and on and off times, suggesting each of the copines has distinct calcium-sensitivities and/or membrane-binding properties. In vitro membrane binding assays showed that all of the GFP-tagged copines pelleted with cellular membranes in the presence of calcium; yet, each copine displayed distinct calcium-independent membrane-binding in the absence of calcium. A lipid overlay assay with purified GFP-tagged copine proteins was used to screen for specific phospholipid-binding targets. Similar to other proteins that contain C2 domains, GFP-tagged copines bound to a variety of acidic phospholipids. CpnA, CpnB, and CpnE bound strongly to PS, PI(4)P, and PI(4,5)P2, while CpnC and CpnF bound strongly to PI(4)P. CONCLUSIONS Our studies show that the Dictyostelium copines are soluble cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins that have the ability to bind intracellular membranes. Moreover, copines display different membrane-binding properties suggesting they play distinct roles in the cell. The transient translocation of copines to the plasma membrane in response to cAMP suggests copines may play a specific role in chemotaxis signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- April N. Ilacqua
- Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859 USA
| | - Janet E. Price
- Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859 USA
| | - Bria N. Graham
- Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859 USA
| | - Matthew J. Buccilli
- Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859 USA
| | - Dexter R. McKellar
- Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859 USA
| | - Cynthia K. Damer
- Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Flegel KA, Pineda JM, Smith TS, Laszczyk AM, Price JM, Karasiewicz KM, Damer CK. Copine A is expressed in prestalk cells and regulates slug phototaxis and thermotaxis in developing Dictyostelium. Dev Growth Differ 2011; 53:948-59. [PMID: 21950343 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2011.01300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Copines are calcium-dependent membrane-binding proteins found in many eukaryotic organisms. We are studying the function of copines using the model organism, Dictyostelium discoideum. When under starvation conditions, Dictyostelium cells aggregate into mounds that become migrating slugs, which can move toward light and heat before culminating into a fruiting body. Previously, we showed that Dictyostelium cells lacking the copine A (cpnA) gene are not able to form fruiting bodies and instead arrest at the slug stage. In this study, we compared the slug behavior of cells lacking the cpnA gene to the slug behavior of wild-type cells. The slugs formed by cpnA- cells were much larger than wild-type slugs and exhibited no phototaxis and negative thermotaxis in the same conditions that wild-type slugs exhibited positive phototaxis and thermotaxis. Mixing as little as 5% wild-type cells with cpnA- cells rescued the phototaxis and thermotaxis defects, suggesting that CpnA plays a specific role in the regulation of the production and/or release of a signaling molecule. Reducing extracellular levels of ammonia also partially rescued the phototaxis and thermotaxis defects of cpnA- slugs, suggesting that CpnA may have a specific role in regulating ammonia signaling. Expressing the lacZ gene under the cpnA promoter in wild-type cells indicated cpnA is preferentially expressed in the prestalk cells found in the anterior part of the slug, which include the cells at the tip of the slug that regulate phototaxis, thermotaxis, and the initiation of culmination into fruiting bodies. Our results suggest that CpnA plays a role in the regulation of the signaling pathways, including ammonia signaling, necessary for sensing and/or orienting toward light and heat in the prestalk cells of the Dictyostelium slug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A Flegel
- Biology Department, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|