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Xiang M, Liu L, Wu T, Wei B, Liu H. RNA-binding proteins in degenerative joint diseases: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101870. [PMID: 36746279 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which are conserved proteins comprising multiple intermediate sequences, can interact with proteins, messenger RNA (mRNA) of coding genes, and non-coding RNAs to perform different biological functions, such as the regulation of mRNA stability, selective polyadenylation, and the management of non-coding microRNA (miRNA) synthesis to affect downstream targets. This article will highlight the functions of RBPs, in degenerative joint diseases (intervertebral disc degeneration [IVDD] and osteoarthritis [OA]). It will reviews the latest advancements on the regulatory mechanism of RBPs in degenerative joint diseases, in order to understand the pathophysiology, early diagnosis and treatment of OA and IVDD from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Tingrui Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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2
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Drew K, Lee C, Cox RM, Dang V, Devitt CC, McWhite CD, Papoulas O, Huizar RL, Marcotte EM, Wallingford JB. A systematic, label-free method for identifying RNA-associated proteins in vivo provides insights into vertebrate ciliary beating machinery. Dev Biol 2020; 467:108-117. [PMID: 32898505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-type specific RNA-associated proteins are essential for development and homeostasis in animals. Despite a massive recent effort to systematically identify RNA-associated proteins, we currently have few comprehensive rosters of cell-type specific RNA-associated proteins in vertebrate tissues. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of determining the RNA-associated proteome of a defined vertebrate embryonic tissue using DIF-FRAC, a systematic and universal (i.e., label-free) method. Application of DIF-FRAC to cultured tissue explants of Xenopus mucociliary epithelium identified dozens of known RNA-associated proteins as expected, but also several novel RNA-associated proteins, including proteins related to assembly of the mitotic spindle and regulation of ciliary beating. In particular, we show that the inner dynein arm tether Cfap44 is an RNA-associated protein that localizes not only to axonemes, but also to liquid-like organelles in the cytoplasm called DynAPs. This result led us to discover that DynAPs are generally enriched for RNA. Together, these data provide a useful resource for a deeper understanding of mucociliary epithelia and demonstrate that DIF-FRAC will be broadly applicable for systematic identification of RNA-associated proteins from embryonic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Drew
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Chanjae Lee
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Rachael M Cox
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Vy Dang
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Caitlin C Devitt
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Claire D McWhite
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ophelia Papoulas
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ryan L Huizar
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Edward M Marcotte
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - John B Wallingford
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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Puzik K, Tonnier V, Opper I, Eckert A, Zhou L, Kratzer MC, Noble FL, Nienhaus GU, Gradl D. Lef1 regulates caveolin expression and caveolin dependent endocytosis, a process necessary for Wnt5a/Ror2 signaling during Xenopus gastrulation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15645. [PMID: 31666627 PMCID: PMC6821757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of distinct branches of the Wnt signaling network is essential for regulating early vertebrate development. Activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway stimulates expression of β-catenin-Lef/Tcf regulated Wnt target genes and a regulatory network giving rise to the formation of the Spemann organizer. Non-canonical pathways, by contrast, mainly regulate cell polarization and migration, in particular convergent extension movements of the trunk mesoderm during gastrulation. By transcriptome analyses, we found caveolin1, caveolin3 and cavin1 to be regulated by Lef1 in the involuting mesoderm of Xenopus embryos at gastrula stages. We show that caveolins and caveolin dependent endocytosis are necessary for proper gastrulation, most likely by interfering with Wnt5a/Ror2 signaling. Wnt5a regulates the subcellular localization of receptor complexes, including Ror2 homodimers, Ror2/Fzd7 and Ror2/dsh heterodimers in an endocytosis dependent manner. Live-cell imaging revealed endocytosis of Ror2/caveolin1 complexes. In Xenopus explants, in the presence of Wnt5a, these receptor clusters remain stable exclusively at the basolateral side, suggesting that endocytosis of non-canonical Wnt/receptor complexes preferentially takes place at the apical membrane. In support of this blocking endocytosis with inhibitors prevents the effects of Wnt5a. Thus, target genes of Lef1 interfere with Wnt5a/Ror2 signaling to coordinate gastrulation movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Puzik
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Veronika Tonnier
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Isabell Opper
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Antonia Eckert
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lu Zhou
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marie-Claire Kratzer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ferdinand le Noble
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Dietmar Gradl
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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4
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Effects of Cold-inducible RNA-binding Protein (CIRP) on Liver Glycolysis during Acute Cold Exposure in C57BL/6 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061470. [PMID: 30909542 PMCID: PMC6470630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) is a stress-responsive protein involved in several signal transduction pathways required for cellular function, which are associated with apoptosis and proliferation. The present study aimed to investigate the possible effects of CIRP-mediated regulation of glucose metabolism in the liver following acute cold exposure. The livers and serum of male C57BL/6 mice were collected following cold exposure at 4 °C for 0 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h. Glucose metabolic markers and the expression of glucose metabolic-related proteins were detected in the liver. Acute cold exposure was found to increase the consumption of glycogen in the liver. Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) and pyruvic acid (PA) were found to show a brief increase followed by a sharp decrease during cold exposure. Anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) expression was upregulated. CIRP protein expression displayed a sequential increase with prolonged acute cold exposure time. Acute cold exposure also increased the level of protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation, and activated the AKT-signaling pathway. Taken together, these findings indicate that acute cold exposure increased the expression of CIRP protein, which regulates mouse hepatic glucose metabolism and maintains hepatocyte energy balance through the AKT signaling pathway, thereby slowing the liver cell apoptosis caused by cold exposure.
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5
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Recent progress in the research of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO246. [PMID: 29134130 PMCID: PMC5674272 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) is a cold-shock protein which can be induced after exposure to a moderate cold-shock in different species ranging from amphibians to humans. Expression of CIRP can also be regulated by hypoxia, UV radiation, glucose deprivation, heat stress and H2O2, suggesting that CIRP is a general stress-response protein. In response to stress, CIRP can migrate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and regulate mRNA stability through its binding site on the 3'-UTR of its targeted mRNAs. Through the regulation of its targets, CIRP has been implicated in multiple cellular process such as cell proliferation, cell survival, circadian modulation, telomere maintenance and tumor formation and progression. In addition, CIRP can also exert its functions by directly interacting with intracellular signaling proteins. Moreover, CIRP can be secreted out of cells. Extracellular CIRP functions as a damage-associated molecular pattern to promote inflammatory responses and plays an important role in both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, we summarize novel findings of CIRP investigation and hope to provide insights into the role of CIRP in cell biology and diseases.
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Zhu X, Bührer C, Wellmann S. Cold-inducible proteins CIRP and RBM3, a unique couple with activities far beyond the cold. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3839-59. [PMID: 27147467 PMCID: PMC5021741 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) and RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) are two evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding proteins that are transcriptionally upregulated in response to low temperature. Featuring an RNA-recognition motif (RRM) and an arginine-glycine-rich (RGG) domain, these proteins display many similarities and specific disparities in the regulation of numerous molecular and cellular events. The resistance to serum withdrawal, endoplasmic reticulum stress, or other harsh conditions conferred by RBM3 has led to its reputation as a survival gene. Once CIRP protein is released from cells, it appears to bolster inflammation, contributing to poor prognosis in septic patients. A variety of human tumor specimens have been analyzed for CIRP and RBM3 expression. Surprisingly, RBM3 expression was primarily found to be positively associated with the survival of chemotherapy-treated patients, while CIRP expression was inversely linked to patient survival. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the evolutionary conservation of CIRP and RBM3 across species as well as their molecular interactions, cellular functions, and roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes, including circadian rhythm, inflammation, neural plasticity, stem cell properties, and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhou Zhu
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Spitalstrasse 33, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bührer
- Department of Neonatology, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Wellmann
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Spitalstrasse 33, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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7
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Wang X, Che H, Zhang W, Wang J, Ke T, Cao R, Meng S, Li D, Weiming O, Chen J, Luo W. Effects of Mild Chronic Intermittent Cold Exposure on Rat Organs. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:1171-80. [PMID: 26327811 PMCID: PMC4551753 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold adaptation is a body's protective response to cold stress. Mild chronic intermittent cold (CIC) exposure has been used to generate animal models for cold adaptation studies. However, the effects of mild CIC exposure on vital organs are not completely characterized. In the present study, we exposed rats to mild CIC for two weeks, and then measured the body weights, the weights of brown adipose tissue (BAT), the levels of ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brains, livers, hearts, muscles and BATs. Rats formed cold adaptation after exposure to CIC for two weeks. Compared to rats of the control group that were hosted under ambient temperature, rats exposed to mild CIC showed a lower average body weight, but a higher weight of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Rats exposed to CIC for two weeks also exhibited higher levels of ATP and ROS in all examined organs as compared to those of the control group. In addition, we determined the expression levels of cold-inducible RNA binding protein (Cirbp) and thioredoxin (TRX) in rat tissues after 2 weeks of CIC exposure. Both Cirbp and TRX were increased, suggesting a role of these two proteins for establishment of cold adaptation. Together, this study reveals the effects of mild CIC exposure on vital organs of rats during CIC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- 1. Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Honglei Che
- 1. Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- 1. Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jiye Wang
- 1. Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tao Ke
- 1. Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Rui Cao
- 1. Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shanshan Meng
- 1. Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Dan Li
- 1. Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ouyang Weiming
- 2. Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- 1. Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wenjing Luo
- 1. Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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8
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Wang M, Zhang H, Heng X, Pang Q, Sun A. Expression of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) in pituitary adenoma and its relationships with tumor recurrence. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1256-60. [PMID: 25934796 PMCID: PMC4428314 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to detect the expression of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein in pituitary adenoma and to determine its effects on tumor recurrence. MATERIAL/METHODS We collected a total of 60 post-op samples collected from pituitary adenoma patients (including 20 cases of invasive pituitary adenoma, 20 cases of non-invasive adenoma, and 20 cases of non-invasive recurrent adenoma) admitted in our hospital. Both protein and mRNA levels of CIRP in 3 types of pituitary adenoma samples were quantified by Western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS Western blotting revealed significantly elevated CIRP expression levels in invasive pituitary adenoma compared to non-invasive tumors, with statistical significance (p<0.05). Recurrent pituitary adenoma expressed significantly higher CIRP levels compared to non-recurrent tumors (p<0.05). Real-time PCR for CIRP mRNA obtained consistent results: transcript levels were significantly higher in invasive pituitary adenoma compared to non-invasive adenoma (p<0.05); recurrent adenoma also had significantly higher CIRP mRNA levels compared to non-recurrent tumors (p<0.05). Among all 3 types of pituitary adenoma, recurrent tumors had the highest levels of CIRP mRNA and protein. CONCLUSIONS The expression of CIRP in pituitary adenoma is closely related with tumor proliferation and invasion, and its significantly elevated expression level indicates post-op recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingguang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xueyuan Heng
- Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Qi Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Aigang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
- Corresponding Author: Aigang Sun, e-mail:
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Tang C, Wang Y, Lan D, Feng X, Zhu X, Nie P, Yue H. Analysis of gene expression profiles reveals the regulatory network of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein mediating the growth of BHK-21 cells. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:678-89. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yuanwei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Daoliang Lan
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xiaohui Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xin Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Peiting Nie
- College of Life Science and Technology; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Hua Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology; Southwest University for Nationalities; Chengdu 610041 China
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Guan R, El-Rass S, Spillane D, Lam S, Wang Y, Wu J, Chen Z, Wang A, Jia Z, Keating A, Hu J, Wen XY. rbm47, a novel RNA binding protein, regulates zebrafish head development. Dev Dyn 2013; 242:1395-404. [PMID: 24038582 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vertebrate trunk induction requires inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, whereas vertebrate head induction requires concerted inhibition of both Wnt and BMP signaling. RNA binding proteins play diverse roles in embryonic development and their roles in vertebrate head development remain to be elucidated. RESULTS We first characterized the human RBM47 as an RNA binding protein that specifically binds RNA but not single-stranded DNA. Next, we knocked down rbm47 gene function in zebrafish using morpholinos targeting the start codon and exon-1/intron-1 splice junction. Down-regulation of rbm47 resulted in headless and small head phenotypes, which can be rescued by a wnt8a blocking morpholino. To further reveal the mechanism of rbm47's role in head development, microarrays were performed to screen genes differentially expressed in normal and knockdown embryos. epcam and a2ml were identified as the most significantly up- and down-regulated genes, respectively. The microarrays also confirmed up-regulation of several genes involved in head development, including gsk3a, otx2, and chordin, which are important regulators of Wnt signaling. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our findings reveal that Rbm47 is a novel RNA-binding protein critical for head formation and embryonic patterning during zebrafish embryogenesis which may act through a Wnt8a signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guan
- Zebrafish Centre for Advanced Drug Discovery, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Physiology and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto & Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Central South, Hunan Province, China
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Klingel S, Morath I, Strietz J, Menzel K, Holstein TW, Gradl D. Subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization of vertebrate Lef/Tcf transcription factors. Dev Biol 2012; 368:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Horn ER, El-Yamany NA, Gradl D. The vestibuloocular reflex of tadpoles (Xenopus laevis) after knock-down of the isthmus related transcription factor XTcf-4. J Exp Biol 2012; 216:733-41. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.079319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Development of the amphibian vestibular organ is regulated by molecular and neuronal mechanisms and by environmental input. The molecular component includes inductive signals derived from neural tissue of the hindbrain and from the surrounding mesoderm. The integrity of hindbrain patterning, on the other hand, depends on instructive signals from the isthmus organizer of the midbrain including the transcription factor XTcf-4. If the development of the vestibular system depends on the integrity of the isthmus as organizing centre, suppression of isthmus maintenance should modify vestibular morphology and function. We tested this hypothesis by down-regulation of the transcription factor XTcf-4. 10 pMol XTcf-4-specific antisense morpholino oligonucleotide were injected in one blastomere of 2-cell stage embryos of Xenopus laevis. For reconstitution experiments, 500 pg mRNA of the repressing XTcf-4A isoform or the activating XTcf-4C isoform were co-injected. Over-expression experiments were included using the same isoforms. Otoconia formation and vestibular controlled behaviour such as the roll-induced vestibuloocular reflex (rVOR) and swimming were recorded two weeks later. In 50% of tadpoles, down-regulation of XTcf-4 induced (1) a depression of otoconia formation accompanied by a reduction of the rVOR, (2) abnormal tail development, and (3) loop swimming behaviour. (4) All effects were rescued by co-injection of XTcf-4C but not or only partially by XTcf-4A. (5) Over-expression of XTcf-4A caused similar morphological and rVOR modifications as XTcf-4 depletion while over-expression of XTcf-4C had no effect. Because XTcf-4C has been described as essential factor for isthmus development, we postulate that the isthmus is strongly involved in vestibular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard R. Horn
- Zoological Institute, Cell and Developmental Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
| | | | - Dietmar Gradl
- Zoological Institute, Cell and Developmental Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
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13
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Liu A, Zhang Z, Li A, Xue J. Effects of hypothermia and cerebral ischemia on cold-inducible RNA-binding protein mRNA expression in rat brain. Brain Res 2010; 1347:104-10. [PMID: 20546708 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CIRP (cold-inducible RNA-binding protein) mRNA is highly expressed in hypothermic conditions in mammalian cells, and the relationship between CIRP and neuroprotection for cerebral ischemia under hypothermia has been focused upon. At present, however, the expression characteristics of CIRP under hypothermia and cerebral ischemia in vivo are not clearly elucidated. In this study, CIRP mRNA expression in various regions of rat brain was examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). CIRP expression levels were found to be similar in the hippocampus and cortex. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed increasing CIRP mRNA expression in the cortex during the 24-h observation period following treatment with hypothermia or cerebral ischemia, with a greater increase in the hypothermia group. When cerebral ischemia was induced following hypothermia, CIRP mRNA expression in the cortex again showed a significant increasing tendency, but ischemia delayed the appearance of this increase. To reveal the relationship between CIRP and energy metabolism in the rat brain, lactate and pyruvate concentrations in the cortex of the rats treated with hypothermia, ischemia and ischemia after hypothermia were determined by spectrophotometric assay, and levels of phosphofructokinas-1 (PFK-1), the major regulatory enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, in the rat cortex in the three groups was also analyzed by Western blot. Using linear correlation, lactate and pyruvate concentrations, and PFK-1 levels, were each analyzed in the three groups in association with CIRP mRNA expression levels. The analysis did not reveal any correlation between the three metabolic parameters and CIRP mRNA expression induced by hypothermia, suggesting that while playing a role in neuroprotection under hypothermia, CIRP does not affect cerebral energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Koenig SF, Brentle S, Hamdi K, Fichtner D, Wedlich D, Gradl D. En2, Pax2/5 and Tcf-4 transcription factors cooperate in patterning the Xenopus brain. Dev Biol 2010; 340:318-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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