2
|
Owen CL, Marshall DC, Hill KBR, Simon C. How the Aridification of Australia Structured the Biogeography and Influenced the Diversification of a Large Lineage of Australian Cicadas. Syst Biol 2017; 66:569-589. [PMID: 28123112 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syw078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 30 million years, Australia's landscape has undergone dramatic cooling and drying due to the establishment of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and change in global CO$_{2}$ levels. Studies have shown that many Australian organisms went extinct during these major cooling events, while others experienced adaptive radiations and increases in diversification rates as a result of exploiting new niches in the arid zone. Despite the many studies on diversification and biogeography in Australia, few have been continent-wide and none have focused on a group of organisms adapted to feeding on plants. We studied 162 species of cicadas in the Australian Pauropsalta complex, a large generic lineage within the tribe Cicadettini. We asked whether there were changes in the diversification rate of Pauropsalta over time and if so: 1) which clades were associated with the rate change? 2) did timing of rate shifts correspond to known periods of dramatic historical climate change, 3) did increases in diversification rate along select lineages correspond to adaptive radiations with movement into the arid zone? To address these questions, we estimated a molecular phylogeny of the Pauropsalta complex using ${\sim}$5300 bp of nucleotide sequence data distributed among five loci (one mtDNA locus and four nDNA loci). We found that this large group of cicadas did not diversify at a constant rate as they spread through Australia; instead the signature of decreasing diversification rate changed roughly around the time of the expansion of the east Antarctic ice sheets ${\sim}$16 Ma and the glaciation of the northern hemisphere ${\sim}$3 Ma. Unlike other Australian taxa, the Pauropsalta complex did not explosively radiate in response to an early invasion of the arid zone. Instead multiple groups invaded the arid zone and experienced rates of diversification similar to mesic-distributed taxa. We found evidence for relictual groups, located in pre-Mesozoic habitat, that have not diversified and continue to reside on mesic hosts in isolated "habitat islands". Future work should focus on groups of similar ages with similar distribution patterns to determine whether this tempo and pattern of diversification and biogeography is consistent with evidence from other phytophagous insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Owen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA.,Computational Biology Institute, George Washington University, Innovation Hall, Suite 305, 45085 University Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147-2766, USA
| | - David C Marshall
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA
| | - Kathy B R Hill
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA
| | - Chris Simon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kergoat GJ, Le Ru BP, Sadeghi SE, Tuda M, Reid CAM, György Z, Genson G, Ribeiro-Costa CS, Delobel A. Evolution of Spermophagus seed beetles (Coleoptera, Bruchinae, Amblycerini) indicates both synchronous and delayed colonizations of host plants. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 89:91-103. [PMID: 25916187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Seed beetles are a group of specialized chrysomelid beetles, which are mostly associated with plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). In the legume-feeding species, a marked trend of phylogenetic conservatism of host use has been highlighted by several molecular phylogenetics studies. Yet, little is known about the evolutionary patterns of association of species feeding outside the legume family. Here, we investigate the evolution of host use in Spermophagus, a species-rich seed beetle genus that is specialized on two non-legume host-plant groups: morning glories (Convolvulaceae) and mallows (Malvaceae: Malvoideae). Spermophagus species are widespread in the Old World, especially in the Afrotropical, Indomalaya and Palearctic regions. In this study we rely on eight gene regions to provide the first phylogenetic framework for the genus, along with reconstructions of host use evolution, estimates of divergence times and historical biogeography analyses. Like the legume-feeding species, a marked trend toward conservatism of host use is revealed, with one clade specializing on Convolvulaceae and the other on Malvoideae. Comparisons of plants' and insects' estimates of divergence times yield a contrasted pattern: on one hand a quite congruent temporal framework was recovered for morning-glories and their seed-predators; on the other hand the diversification of Spermophagus species associated with mallows apparently lagged far behind the diversification of their hosts. We hypothesize that this delayed colonization of Malvoideae can be accounted for by the respective biogeographic histories of the two groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gael J Kergoat
- INRA, UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro), 755 Avenue du campus Agropolis, 34988 Montferrier/Lez, France.
| | - Bruno P Le Ru
- IRD/CNRS, Laboratoire Evolution Génomes Spéciation, Avenue de la terrasse, BP1, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris-Sud 11, 91405 Orsay, France; Unité de Recherche IRD 072, African Insect Science for Food and Health (ICIPE), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Seyed E Sadeghi
- Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran, PO Box 13185-116, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Midori Tuda
- Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 812-8581 Fukuoka, Japan; Laboratory of Insect Natural Enemies, Division of Agricultural Bioresource Sciences, Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 812-8581 Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Chris A M Reid
- Department of Entomology, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Zoltán György
- Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, H-1088 Budapest, Baross u. 13, Hungary.
| | - Gwenaëlle Genson
- INRA, UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro), 755 Avenue du campus Agropolis, 34988 Montferrier/Lez, France
| | - Cibele S Ribeiro-Costa
- Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Alex Delobel
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 45 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Doorenweerd C, van Nieukerken EJ, Menken SBJ. A global phylogeny of leafmining Ectoedemia moths (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae): exploring host plant family shifts and allopatry as drivers of speciation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119586. [PMID: 25785630 PMCID: PMC4365004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host association patterns in Ectoedemia (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) are also encountered in other insect groups with intimate plant relationships, including a high degree of monophagy, a preference for ecologically dominant plant families (e.g. Fagaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, and Betulaceae) and a tendency for related insect species to feed on related host plant species. The evolutionary processes underlying these patterns are only partly understood, we therefore assessed the role of allopatry and host plant family shifts in speciation within Ectoedemia. METHODOLOGY Six nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers with a total aligned length of 3692 base pairs were used to infer phylogenetic relationships among 92 species belonging to the subgenus Ectoedemia of the genus Ectoedemia, representing a thorough taxon sampling with a global coverage. The results support monophyletic species groups that are congruent with published findings based on morphology. We used the obtained phylogeny to explore host plant family association and geographical distribution to investigate if host shifts and allopatry have been instrumental in the speciation of these leafmining insects. SIGNIFICANCE We found that, even though most species within species groups commonly feed on plants from one family, shifts to a distantly related host family have occasionally occurred throughout the phylogeny and such shifts are most commonly observed towards Betulaceae. The largest radiations have occurred within species groups that feed on Fagaceae, Rosaceae, and Salicaceae. Most species are restricted to one of the seven global biogeographic regions, but within species groups representatives are commonly found in different biogeographic regions. Although we find general patterns with regard to host use and biogeography, there are differences between clades that suggest that different drivers of speciation, and perhaps drivers that we did not examine, have shaped diversity patterns in different clades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camiel Doorenweerd
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Erik J. van Nieukerken
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Steph B. J. Menken
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|