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Baka R, Eckersall D, Horvatic A, Gelemanovic A, Mrljak V, McLaughlin M, Athanasiou LV, Papaioannou N, Stylianaki I, Hanh HQ, Chadwick CC, Polizopoulou Z. Quantitative proteomics of cerebrospinal fluid using tandem mass tags in dogs with recurrent epileptic seizures. J Proteomics 2020; 231:103997. [PMID: 33011347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This prospective study included four dog groups (group A: healthy dogs, groups B: dogs with idiopathic epilepsy under antiepileptic medication (AEM), C: idiopathic epilepsy dogs without AEM administration, D: dogs with structural epilepsy). The purpose of the study was to compare the proteomic profile among the four groups. Samples were analyzed by a quantitative Tandem Mass Tags approach using a Q-Exactive-Plus mass-spectrometer. Identification and relative quantification were performed using Proteome Discoverer, and data were analyzed using R. Gene ontology terms were analyzed based on Canis lupus familiaris database. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD018893. Eighteen proteins were statistically significant among the four groups (P < 0.05). MMP2 and EFEMP2 appeared down-regulated whereas HP and APO-A1 were up-regulated (groups B, D). CLEC3B and PEBP4 were up-regulated whereas APO-A1 was down-regulated (group C). IGLL1 was down-regulated (groups B, C) and up-regulated (group D). EFEMP2 was the only protein detected among the four groups and PEBP4 was significantly different among the epileptic dogs. Western blot and SPARCL immunoassay were used to quantify HP abundance change, validating proteomic analysis. Both, showed good correlation with HP levels identified through proteomic analysis (r = 0.712 and r = 0.703, respectively). SIGNIFICANCE: The proteomic analysis from CSF of dogs with epileptic seizures could reflect that MMP2, HP and APO-A1 may contribute to a blood-brain barrier disruption through the seizure-induced inflammatory process in the brain. MMP2 change may indicate the activation of protective mechanisms within the brain tissue. Antiepileptic medication could influence several cellular responses and alter the CSF proteome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Baka
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - David Eckersall
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Anita Horvatic
- VetMedZg Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Vladimir Mrljak
- VetMedZg Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mark McLaughlin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Labrini V Athanasiou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papaioannou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Stylianaki
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Han Quang Hanh
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Zoe Polizopoulou
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
Idiopathic epilepsy (IE) is a common neurological disorder in the domestic dog, and is defined as repeated seizure activity having no identifiable underlying cause. Some breeds, such as the Belgian shepherd dog, have a greater prevalence of the disorder. Previous studies in this and other breeds have identified ADAM23 as a gene that confers risk of IE, although additional loci are known to exist. The present study sought to identify additional loci that influence IE in the Belgian shepherd dog.
Results
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealed a significant association between IE and CFA 14 (p < 1.03 E− 08) and a suggestive association on CFA 37 (p < 2.91 E− 06) in a region in linkage disequilibrium with ADAM23. Logistic regression identified a 2-loci model that demonstrated interaction between the two chromosomal regions that when combined predicted IE risk with high sensitivity.
Conclusions
Two interacting loci, one each on CFAs 14 and 37, predictive of IE in the Belgian shepherd were identified. The loci are adjacent to potential candidate genes associated with neurological function. Further exploration of the region is warranted to identify causal variants underlying the association. Additionally, although the two loci were very good at predicting IE, they failed to capture all the risk, indicating additional loci or incomplete penetrance are also likely contributing to IE expression in the Belgian shepherd dog.
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Partridge B, Rossmeisl JH. Companion animal models of neurological disease. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 331:108484. [PMID: 31733285 PMCID: PMC6942211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical translation of novel therapeutics that improve the survival and quality of life of patients with neurological disease remains a challenge, with many investigational drug and device candidates failing in advanced stage clinical trials. Naturally occurring inherited and acquired neurological diseases, such as epilepsy, inborn errors of metabolism, brain tumors, spinal cord injury, and stroke occur frequently in companion animals, and many of these share epidemiologic, pathophysiologic and clinical features with their human counterparts. As companion animals have a relatively abbreviated lifespan and genetic background, are immunocompetent, share their environment with human caregivers, and can be clinically managed using techniques and tools similar to those used in humans, they have tremendous potential for increasing the predictive value of preclinical drug and device studies. Here, we review comparative features of spontaneous neurological diseases in companion animals with an emphasis on neuroimaging methods and features, illustrate their historical use in translational studies, and discuss inherent limitations associated with each disease model. Integration of companion animals with naturally occurring disease into preclinical studies can complement and expand the knowledge gained from studies in other animal models, accelerate or improve the manner in which research is translated to the human clinic, and ultimately generate discoveries that will benefit the health of humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittanie Partridge
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Center Blvd, NRC 405, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - John H Rossmeisl
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Center Blvd, NRC 405, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force's current understanding of idiopathic epilepsy of genetic or suspected genetic origin in purebred dogs. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:175. [PMID: 26316206 PMCID: PMC4552344 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine idiopathic epilepsy is a common neurological disease affecting both purebred and crossbred dogs. Various breed-specific cohort, epidemiological and genetic studies have been conducted to date, which all improved our knowledge and general understanding of canine idiopathic epilepsy, and in particular our knowledge of those breeds studied. However, these studies also frequently revealed differences between the investigated breeds with respect to clinical features, inheritance and prevalence rates. Awareness and observation of breed-specific differences is important for successful management of the dog with epilepsy in everyday clinical practice and furthermore may promote canine epilepsy research. The following manuscript reviews the evidence available for breeds which have been identified as being predisposed to idiopathic epilepsy with a proven or suspected genetic background, and highlights different breed specific clinical features (e.g. age at onset, sex, seizure type), treatment response, prevalence rates and proposed inheritance reported in the literature. In addition, certain breed-specific diseases that may act as potential differentials for idiopathic epilepsy are highlighted.
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Mariani CL. Terminology and classification of seizures and epilepsy in veterinary patients. Top Companion Anim Med 2014; 28:34-41. [PMID: 24070679 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The classification of epileptic seizures and epilepsy is a controversial and dynamic topic that has undergone many iterations in human medicine. The International League against Epilepsy is a multinational organization that has formed a number of task forces and subcommittees to study this issue, and has ratified several reports outlining recommended terminology and classification schemes for human patients. Veterinary publications on this issue have generally adapted these schemes to fit small animal patients, but a formally endorsed system to classify seizures and epilepsy has never been developed for veterinary patients. This review outlines the classification systems that have been published for human patients and summarizes previous efforts by veterinary authors to utilize these methods. Finally, a set of definitions and terminology for use in veterinary patients is proposed, which includes a glossary of descriptive terminology for ictal semiology and a diagnostic scheme for classification of individual patients. This document is intended as a starting point of discussion, which will hopefully eventually result in a formally ratified document that will be useful for communication between health professionals, the design of clinical trials and for guiding treatment decisions and prognostication for veterinary patients with seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Mariani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Ekenstedt KJ, Oberbauer AM. Inherited epilepsy in dogs. Top Companion Anim Med 2014; 28:51-8. [PMID: 24070682 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is the most common neurologic disease in dogs and many forms are considered to have a genetic basis. In contrast, some seizure disorders are also heritable, but are not technically defined as epilepsy. Investigation of true canine epilepsies has uncovered genetic associations in some cases, however, many remain unexplained. Gene mutations have been described for 2 forms of canine epilepsy: primary epilepsy (PE) and progressive myoclonic epilepsies. To date, 9 genes have been described to underlie progressive myoclonic epilepsies in several dog breeds. Investigations into genetic PE have been less successful, with only 1 causative gene described. Genetic testing as an aid to diagnosis, prognosis, and breeding decisions is available for these 10 forms. Additional studies utilizing genome-wide tools have identified PE loci of interest; however, specific genetic tests are not yet developed. Many studies of dog breeds with PE have failed to identify genes or loci of interest, suggesting that, similar to what is seen in many human genetic epilepsies, inheritance is likely complex, involving several or many genes, and reflective of environmental interactions. An individual dog's response to therapeutic intervention for epilepsy may also be genetically complex. Although the field of inherited epilepsy has faced challenges, particularly with PE, newer technologies contribute to further advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari J Ekenstedt
- Department of Animal and Food Science, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Wisconsin - River Falls, River Falls, WI, USA.
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Seppälä EH, Koskinen LLE, Gulløv CH, Jokinen P, Karlskov-Mortensen P, Bergamasco L, Baranowska Körberg I, Cizinauskas S, Oberbauer AM, Berendt M, Fredholm M, Lohi H. Identification of a novel idiopathic epilepsy locus in Belgian Shepherd dogs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33549. [PMID: 22457775 PMCID: PMC3311644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder in dogs, with an incidence ranging from 0.5% to up to 20% in particular breeds. Canine epilepsy can be etiologically defined as idiopathic or symptomatic. Epileptic seizures may be classified as focal with or without secondary generalization, or as primary generalized. Nine genes have been identified for symptomatic (storage diseases) and one for idiopathic epilepsy in different breeds. However, the genetic background of common canine epilepsies remains unknown. We have studied the clinical and genetic background of epilepsy in Belgian Shepherds. We collected 159 cases and 148 controls and confirmed the presence of epilepsy through epilepsy questionnaires and clinical examinations. The MRI was normal while interictal EEG revealed abnormalities and variable foci in the clinically examined affected dogs. A genome-wide association study using Affymetrix 50K SNP arrays in 40 cases and 44 controls mapped the epilepsy locus on CFA37, which was replicated in an independent cohort (81 cases and 88 controls; combined p = 9.70×10−10, OR = 3.3). Fine mapping study defined a ∼1 Mb region including 12 genes of which none are known epilepsy genes or encode ion channels. Exonic sequencing was performed for two candidate genes, KLF7 and ADAM23. No variation was found in KLF7 but a highly-associated non-synonymous variant, G1203A (R387H) was present in the ADAM23 gene (p = 3.7×10−8, OR = 3.9 for homozygosity). Homozygosity for a two-SNP haplotype within the ADAM23 gene conferred the highest risk for epilepsy (p = 6.28×10−11, OR = 7.4). ADAM23 interacts with known epilepsy proteins LGI1 and LGI2. However, our data suggests that the ADAM23 variant is a polymorphism and we have initiated a targeted re-sequencing study across the locus to identify the causative mutation. It would establish the affected breed as a novel therapeutic model, help to develop a DNA test for breeding purposes and introduce a novel candidate gene for human idiopathic epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eija H. Seppälä
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lotta L. E. Koskinen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christina H. Gulløv
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Päivi Jokinen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Karlskov-Mortensen
- Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luciana Bergamasco
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | | | | | - Anita M. Oberbauer
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Mette Berendt
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Fredholm
- Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Weissl J, Hülsmeyer V, Brauer C, Tipold A, Koskinen LL, Kyöstilä K, Lohi H, Sauter-Louis C, Wolf M, Fischer A. Disease progression and treatment response of idiopathic epilepsy in Australian Shepherd dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 26:116-25. [PMID: 22182230 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic epilepsy (IE) in Australian Shepherds (ASs) occurs worldwide but there is a lack of description of the epilepsy syndrome in this breed. The ABCB1-1Δ mutation is more prevalent in ASs than in many other dog breeds. HYPOTHESIS Australian Shepherds suffer from a poorly controlled IE syndrome with prevailing severe courses. Seizure control and ABCB1-1Δ mutation might be related in this breed. ANIMALS Fifty ASs diagnosed with IE and 50 unaffected ASs. METHODS Predominant study design is a longitudinal cohort study. Pedigrees, medical records, seizure, and treatment data of ASs with IE were analyzed descriptively. Sex, color, and the ABCB1-1Δ genotype were compared between case and control groups and ASs with poorly or well-controlled seizures. Differences in survival times were assessed by logrank tests and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Idiopathic epilepsy in ASs is dominated by moderate and severe clinical courses with the occurrence of cluster seizures and status epilepticus and a high seizure frequency. Poor seizure control and a high initial seizure frequency (≥10 seizure days/first 6 months) are associated with shorter survival times (P < .05). Poor seizure control, unrelated to the ABCB1(MDR1) genotype, is evident in 56% of epileptic ASs. Pedigree analysis suggests a genetic basis. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Frequent severe clinical courses, poor seizure control unrelated to the ABCB1(MDR1) genotype, and a young age at death compromise animal welfare and warrant further genetic studies to unravel the underlaying molecular mechanisms of IE and seizure control in the breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Weissl
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Wilson BJ, Wade CM. Empowering international canine inherited disorder management. Mamm Genome 2011; 23:195-202. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-011-9366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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