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Tang G, Xu P, Jiang C, Li G, Shan L, Wan S. Peanut LEAFY COTYLEDON1-type genes participate in regulating the embryo development and the accumulation of storage lipids. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:124. [PMID: 38643320 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Two peanut LEC1-type genes exhibit partial functional redundancy. AhNFYB10 could complement almost all the defective phenotypes of lec1-2 in terms of embryonic morphology, while AhNF-YB1 could partially affect these phenotypes. LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) is a member of the nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) family of transcription factors and has been identified as a key regulator of embryonic development. In the present study, two LEC1-type genes from Arachis hypogeae were identified and designated as AhNF-YB1 and AhNF-YB10; these genes belong to subgenome A and subgenome B, respectively. The functions of AhNF-YB1 and AhNF-YB10 were investigated by complementation analysis of their defective phenotypes of the Arabidopsis lec1-2 mutant and by ectopic expression in wild-type Arabidopsis. The results indicated that both AhNF-YB1 and AhNF-YB10 participate in regulating embryogenesis, embryo development, and reserve deposition in cotyledons and that they have partial functional redundancy. In contrast, AhNF-YB10 complemented almost all the defective phenotypes of lec1-2 in terms of embryonic morphology and hypocotyl length, while AhNF-YB1 had only a partial effect. In addition, 30-40% of the seeds of the AhNF-YB1 transformants exhibited a decreasing germination ratio and longevity. Therefore, appropriate spatiotemporal expression of these genes is necessary for embryo morphogenesis at the early development stage and is responsible for seed maturation at the mid-late development stage. On the other hand, overexpression of AhNF-YB1 or AhNF-YB10 at the middle to late stages of Arabidopsis seed development improved the weight, oil content, and fatty acid composition of the transgenic seeds. Moreover, the expression levels of several genes associated with fatty acid synthesis and embryogenesis were significantly greater in developing AhNF-YB10-overexpressing seeds than in control seeds. This study provides a theoretical basis for breeding oilseed crops with high yields and high oil content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Tang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Pingli Xu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chunyu Jiang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guowei Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Shan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, 250100, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Shubo Wan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, 250100, Shandong Province, China.
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Huai D, Chen Y, Wang X, Kang Y, Yan L, Jiang H, Liu K, Lei Y, Liao B. Detection of two homologous major QTLs and development of diagnostic molecular markers for sucrose content in peanut. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:61. [PMID: 38411751 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE We identified two stable and homologous major QTLs for sucrose content in peanut, and developed breeder-friendly molecular markers for marker-assisted selection breeding. Sucrose content is a crucial quality trait for edible peanuts, and increasing sucrose content is a key breeding objective. However, the genetic basis of sucrose content in peanut remains unclear, and major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for sucrose content have yet to be identified. In this study, a high-density genetic map was constructed based on whole-genome re-sequencing data from a peanut RIL population. This map consisted of 2,042 bins and 24,142 SNP markers, making it one of the most comprehensive maps to date in terms of marker density. Two major QTLs (qSCA06.2 and qSCB06.2) were identified, explaining 31.41% and 24.13% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Notably, these two QTLs were located in homologous genomic regions between the A and B subgenomes. The elite allele of qSCA06.2 was exclusive to Valencia-type, while the elite allele of qSCB06.2 existed in other peanut types. Importantly, the distribution of alleles from two homologous QTLs in the RIL population and diverse germplasm accessions consistently demonstrated that only the combination of elite allelic genotypes from both QTLs/genes resulted in a significantly dominant phenotype, accompanied by a substantial increase in sucrose content. The newly developed diagnostic markers for these QTLs were confirmed to be reliable and could facilitate future breeding efforts to enhance sucrose content using marker-assisted selection techniques. Overall, this study highlights the co-regulation of sucrose content by two major homologous QTLs/genes and provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of sucrose in peanuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, 430062, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Crop Molecular Breeding Technology, National Center of Oil Crop Improvement (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Dongxin Huai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yuning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yanping Kang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Liying Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Huifang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Kede Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Crop Molecular Breeding Technology, National Center of Oil Crop Improvement (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Boshou Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Zhao S, Sun J, Sun J, Zhang X, Zhao C, Pan J, Hou L, Tian R, Wang X. Insights into the Novel FAD2 Gene Regulating Oleic Acid Accumulation in Peanut Seeds with Different Maturity. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2076. [PMID: 36360313 PMCID: PMC9691258 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AhFAD2 is a key enzyme catalyzing the conversion of oleic acid into linoleic acid. The high oleic acid characteristic of peanut mainly comes from the homozygous recessive mutation of AhFAD2A and AhFAD2B genes (aabb). However, even in high-oleic-acid varieties with the aabb genotype, the oleic acid content of seeds with different maturity varies significantly. Therefore, in addition to AhFAD2A and AhFAD2B, other FAD2 members or regulators may be involved in this process. Which FAD2 genes are involved in the regulatory processes associated with seed maturity is still unclear. In this study, four stable lines with different genotypes (AABB, aaBB, AAbb, and aabb) were used to analyze the contents of oleic acid and linoleic acid at different stages of seed development in peanut. Three new AhFAD2 genes (AhFAD2-7, AhFAD2-8, and AhFAD2-9) were cloned based on the whole-genome sequencing results of cultivated peanuts. All peanut FAD2 genes showed tissue preference in expression; however, only the expression level of AhFAD2-7 was positively correlated with the linoleic acid concentration in peanut seeds. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of oleic acid accumulation by maturity, and AhFAD2-7 plays an important role in the maturity dependent accumulation of oleic acid and linoleic acid in peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Zhao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jinbo Sun
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Chuanzhi Zhao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jiaowen Pan
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ruizheng Tian
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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Andres RJ, Dunne JC. Understanding variation in oleic acid content of high-oleic virginia-type peanut. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3433-3442. [PMID: 35951034 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Contamination at the FAD2B locus due to inadequate screening protocols is the primary cause of sporadic, insufficient oleic acid content in Virginia-type peanut. The high oleic trait in peanut is conditioned by loss-of-function mutations in a pair of homeologous enzymes and is well known to improve the shelf life of peanut products. As such, the trait is given high priority in current and future cultivars by the North Carolina State University peanut breeding program. For unknown reasons, high oleic cultivars and breeding lines intermittently failed to meet self-imposed thresholds for oleic acid content in internal testing. To determine why, a manual seed chipper, crude DNA isolation protocol, genotyping assays for both mutations, and a web-based SNP calling application were developed. The primary cause was determined to be contamination with normal oleic seeds resulting from inadequate screening protocols. In order to correct the problem, a faster screening method was acquired to accommodate a higher oleic acid threshold. Additionally, results showed the mutation in one homeolog is fixed in the program, dig date had no significant effect on oleic acid content, and minor modifiers segregating within the program explained 6% of the variation in oleic acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Andres
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - J C Dunne
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Otyama PI, Chamberlin K, Ozias-Akins P, Graham MA, Cannon EKS, Cannon SB, MacDonald GE, Anglin NL. Genome-wide approaches delineate the additive, epistatic, and pleiotropic nature of variants controlling fatty acid composition in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 12:6423989. [PMID: 34751378 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of seed oil is a major determinant of the flavor, shelf-life, and nutritional quality of peanuts. Major QTLs controlling high oil content, high oleic content, and low linoleic content have been characterized in several seed oil crop species. Here we employ genome-wide association approaches on a recently genotyped collection of 787 plant introduction accessions in the USDA peanut core collection, plus selected improved cultivars, to discover markers associated with the natural variation in fatty acid composition, and to explain the genetic control of fatty acid composition in seed oils. Overall, 251 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had significant trait associations with the measured fatty acid components. Twelve SNPs were associated with two or three different traits. Of these loci with apparent pleiotropic effects, 10 were associated with both oleic (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) content at different positions in the genome. In all 10 cases, the favorable allele had an opposite effect-increasing and lowering the concentration, respectively, of oleic and linoleic acid. The other traits with pleiotropic variant control were palmitic (C16:0), behenic (C22:0), lignoceric (C24:0), gadoleic (C20:1), total saturated, and total unsaturated fatty acid content. One hundred (100) of the significantly associated SNPs were located within 1000 kbp of 55 genes with fatty acid biosynthesis functional annotations. These genes encoded, among others: ACCase carboxyl transferase subunits, and several fatty acid synthase II enzymes. With the exception of gadoleic (C20:1) and lignoceric (C24:0) acid content, which occur at relatively low abundance in cultivated peanut, all traits had significant SNP interactions exceeding a stringent Bonferroni threshold (α = 1%). We detected 7,682 pairwise SNP interactions affecting the relative abundance of fatty acid components in the seed oil. Of these, 627 SNP pairs had at least one SNP within 1000 kbp of a gene with fatty acid biosynthesis functional annotation. We evaluated 168 candidate genes underlying these SNP interactions. Functional enrichment and protein-to-protein interactions supported significant interactions (p-value < 1.0E-16) among the genes evaluated. These results show the complex nature of the biology and genes underlying the variation in seed oil fatty acid composition and contribute to an improved genotype-to-phenotype map for fatty acid variation in peanut seed oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul I Otyama
- Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.,Agronomy Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.,ORISE Postdoctoral Fellow, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kelly Chamberlin
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Stillwater, OK 740752714, USA
| | - Peggy Ozias-Akins
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics and Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793-5766, USA
| | - Michelle A Graham
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Ethalinda K S Cannon
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Steven B Cannon
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | - Noelle L Anglin
- USDA-ARS Small Grains and Potato Research Laboratory, Aberdeen, ID 83210, USA
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Characterization of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 9 (AhGPAT9) genes, their allelic polymorphism and association with oil content in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:14648. [PMID: 32887939 PMCID: PMC7474056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
GPAT, the rate-limiting enzyme in triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis, plays an important role in seed oil accumulation. In this study, two AhGPAT9 genes were individually cloned from the A- and B- genomes of peanut, which shared a similarity of 95.65%, with 165 site differences. The overexpression of AhGPAT9 or the knock-down of its gene expression increased or decreased the seed oil content, respectively. Allelic polymorphism analysis was conducted in 171 peanut germplasm, and 118 polymorphic sites in AhGPAT9A formed 64 haplotypes (a1 to a64), while 94 polymorphic sites in AhGPAT9B formed 75 haplotypes (b1 to b75). The haplotype analysis showed that a5, b57, b30 and b35 were elite haplotypes related to high oil content, whereas a7, a14, a48, b51 and b54 were low oil content types. Additionally, haplotype combinations a62/b10, a38/b31 and a43/b36 were associated with high oil content, but a9/b42 was a low oil content haplotype combination. The results will provide valuable clues for breeding new lines with higher seed oil content using hybrid polymerization of high-oil alleles of AhGPAT9A and AhGPAT9B genes.
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Tonnis B, Wang ML, Li X, Wang J, Puppala N, Tallury S, Yu J. Peanut
FAD2
Genotype and Growing Location Interactions Significantly Affect the Level of Oleic Acid in Seeds. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Tonnis
- Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit USDA‐ARS Griffin GA 30223 USA
| | - Ming Li Wang
- Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit USDA‐ARS Griffin GA 30223 USA
| | - Xianran Li
- Department of Agronomy Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Jianping Wang
- Agronomy Department University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Naveen Puppala
- Agronomy Department New Mexico State University Clovis NM 88101 USA
| | - Shyam Tallury
- Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit USDA‐ARS Griffin GA 30223 USA
| | - Jianming Yu
- Department of Agronomy Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
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Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the High-Oleic Acid Feedback Regulating the Homologous Gene Expression of Stearoyl-ACP Desaturase 2 ( SAD2) in Peanuts. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123091. [PMID: 31242553 PMCID: PMC6628111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanuts with high oleic acid content are usually considered to be beneficial for human health and edible oil storage. In breeding practice, peanut lines with high monounsaturated fatty acids are selected using fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2), which is responsible for the conversion of oleic acid (C18:1) to linoleic acid (C18:2). Here, comparative transcriptomics were used to analyze the global gene expression profile of high- and normal-oleic peanut cultivars at six time points during seed development. First, the mutant type of FAD2 was determined in the high-oleic peanut (H176). The result suggested that early translation termination occurred simultaneously in the coding sequence of FAD2-A and FAD2-B, and the cultivar H176 is capable of utilizing a potential germplasm resource for future high-oleic peanut breeding. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis identified 74 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism in high-oleic peanut seed, of which five DEGs encoded the fatty acid desaturase. Aradu.XM2MR belonged to the homologous gene of stearoyl-ACP (acyl carrier protein) desaturase 2 (SAD2) that converted the C18:0 into C18:1. Further subcellular localization studies indicated that FAD2 was located at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and Aradu.XM2MR was targeted to the plastid in Arabidopsis protoplast cells. To examine the dynamic mechanism of this finding, we focused on the peroxidase (POD)-mediated fatty acid (FA) degradation pathway. The fad2 mutant significantly increased the POD activity and H2O2 concentration at the early stage of seed development, implying that redox signaling likely acted as a messenger to connect the signaling transduction between the high-oleic content and Aradu.XM2MR transcription level. Taken together, transcriptome analysis revealed the feedback mechanism of SAD2 (Aradu.XM2MR) associated with FAD2 mutation during the seed developmental stage, which could provide a potential peanut breeding strategy based on identified candidate genes to improve the content of oleic acid.
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Abstract
Genebanks are responsible for collecting, maintaining, characterizing, documenting, and distributing plant genetic resources for research, education, and breeding purposes. The rationale for requests of plant materials varies highly from areas of anthropology, social science, small-holder farmers, the commercial sector, rehabilitation of degraded systems, all the way to crop improvement and basic research. Matching "the right" accessions to a particular request is not always a straightforward process especially when genetic resource collections are large and the user does not already know which accession or even which species they want to study. Some requestors have limited knowledge of the crop; therefore, they do not know where to begin and thus, initiate the search by consultation with crop curators to help direct their request to the most suitable germplasm. One way to enhance the use of genebank material and aid in the selection of genetic resources is to have thoroughly cataloged agronomic, biochemical, genomic, and other traits linked to genebank accessions. In general, traits of importance to most users include genotypes that thrive under various biotic and abiotic stresses, morphological traits (color, shape, size of fruits), plant architecture, disease resistance, nutrient content, yield, and crop specific quality traits. In this review, we discuss methods for linking traits to genebank accessions, examples of linked traits, and some of the complexities involved, while reinforcing why it is critical to have well characterized accessions with clear trait data publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Amri
- ICARDA-International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Zakaria Kehel
- ICARDA-International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Dave Ellis
- CIP-International Potato Center, Lima, Peru
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Nawade B, Mishra GP, Radhakrishnan T, Dodia SM, Ahmad S, Kumar A, Kumar A, Kundu R. High oleic peanut breeding: Achievements, perspectives, and prospects. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shasidhar Y, Vishwakarma MK, Pandey MK, Janila P, Variath MT, Manohar SS, Nigam SN, Guo B, Varshney RK. Molecular Mapping of Oil Content and Fatty Acids Using Dense Genetic Maps in Groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:794. [PMID: 28588591 PMCID: PMC5438992 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing seed oil content with desirable fatty acid composition is one of the most important objectives of groundnut breeding programs globally. Genomics-assisted breeding facilitates combining multiple traits faster, however, requires linked markers. In this context, we have developed two different F2 mapping populations, one for oil content (OC-population, ICGV 07368 × ICGV 06420) and another for fatty acid composition (FA-population, ICGV 06420 × SunOleic 95R). These two populations were phenotyped for respective traits and genotyped using Diversity Array Technology (DArT) and DArTseq genotyping platforms. Two genetic maps were developed with 854 (OC-population) and 1,435 (FA-population) marker loci with total map distance of 3,526 and 1,869 cM, respectively. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using genotyping and phenotyping data identified eight QTLs for oil content including two major QTLs, qOc-A10 and qOc-A02, with 22.11 and 10.37% phenotypic variance explained (PVE), respectively. For seven different fatty acids, a total of 21 QTLs with 7.6-78.6% PVE were identified and 20 of these QTLs were of major effect. Two mutant alleles, ahFAD2B and ahFAD2A, also had 18.44 and 10.78% PVE for palmitic acid, in addition to oleic (33.8 and 17.4% PVE) and linoleic (41.0 and 19.5% PVE) acids. Furthermore, four QTL clusters harboring more than three QTLs for fatty acids were identified on the three LGs. The QTLs identified in this study could be further dissected for candidate gene discovery and development of diagnostic markers for breeding improved groundnut varieties with high oil content and desirable oil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaduru Shasidhar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
- Department of Genetics, Osmania UniversityHyderabad, India
| | | | - Manish K. Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: Rajeev K. Varshney, Manish K. Pandey, Pasupuleti Janila,
| | - Pasupuleti Janila
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: Rajeev K. Varshney, Manish K. Pandey, Pasupuleti Janila,
| | - Murali T. Variath
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
| | - Surendra S. Manohar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
| | - Shyam N. Nigam
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
| | - Baozhu Guo
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), TiftonGA, USA
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
- School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, CrawleyWA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Rajeev K. Varshney, Manish K. Pandey, Pasupuleti Janila,
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Klevorn C, Hendrix K, Sanders T, Dean L. Differences in Development of Oleic and Linoleic Acid in High- and Normal-Oleic Virginia and Runner-Type Peanuts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3146/0095-3679-43.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A consistent, pure supply of high-oleic (HO) peanuts is important to certain segments of the food industry as it allows for the production of confections and other products with improved shelf-life characteristics. Peanut shellers have struggled with food industry demands for lots which contain greater than 95% high-oleic peanuts. Normal-oleic (NO) and HO cultivars of virginia and runner market type peanuts were grown during the 2012 and 2013 growing season respectively to investigate differences in fatty acid development between HO and NO peanuts. Fatty acid profiles of individual seeds from individual plants taken across the growing season were determined in relation to seed fresh weight. Fatty acid profiles of HO virginia-type seeds from the early sampling date of 78 days after planting (DAP) revealed oleic acid to linoleic acid ratios (O/L) of only 4.0 in the seeds of the greatest fresh weight. As the oleic acid concentration in many of the HO virginia-type peanuts reached 60 to 80% and the linoleic acid concentrations ranged from less than 1.0 to 10 % by the middle sampling date (106 DAP), the O/L ratios of most HO seeds were well above the industry accepted cut-off ratio of 9.0. A similar change in the fatty acids was seen in the HO runner cultivar. Increases in oleic acid and decreases in linoleic acid contents occurred in conjunction with the increased seed fresh weights. The data indicate that HO seed attain high-oleic status as physiological development progresses as seen in the changing seed fresh weight. However at the final sampling dates which corresponded to the harvest dates, O/L ratios of less than 9.0 were still present for the HO cultivars of both market types despite the fresh weight of some seeds being of potential marketable size. It was concluded that some of the perceived contamination of HO seed lots with NO seed could be the result of normal peanut development, especially in the virginia-type cultivar with the larger sized seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.M. Klevorn
- First Author, Graduate Student, Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695; Second, third and fourth authors: Food Technologist, Research Leader, Research Food Technologist, respectively, USDA-ARS Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - K.W. Hendrix
- First Author, Graduate Student, Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695; Second, third and fourth authors: Food Technologist, Research Leader, Research Food Technologist, respectively, USDA-ARS Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - T.H. Sanders
- First Author, Graduate Student, Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695; Second, third and fourth authors: Food Technologist, Research Leader, Research Food Technologist, respectively, USDA-ARS Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - L.L. Dean
- First Author, Graduate Student, Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695; Second, third and fourth authors: Food Technologist, Research Leader, Research Food Technologist, respectively, USDA-ARS Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695
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13
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Prakash C, He G, Yin D. Insights into the novel members of the FAD2 gene family involved in high-oleate fluxes in peanut. Genome 2015; 58:375-83. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2015-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The FAD2 gene family is functionally responsible for the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid in oilseed plants. Multiple members of the FAD gene are known to occur in several oilseed species. In this study, six novel full-length cDNA sequences (named as AhFAD2-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, and -6) were identified in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an analysis of which revealed open reading frames of 379, 383, 394, or 442 amino acids. Sequence comparisons showed that AhFAD2-1 and AhFAD2-2 shared 76% identity, while AhFAD2-2, -3, and -4 displayed highly significant homology. There was only 27% identity overlap between the microsomal ω-6 fatty acid desaturase and the chloroplast ω-6 fatty acid desaturase encoded by AhFAD2-1, -2, -3, -4, and AhFAD2-5, -6, respectively. The phylogeny tree of FAD2 transcripts showed five major groups, and AhFAD2-1 was clearly separated from other groups. Analysis of AhFAD2-1 and AhFAD2-2 transcript distribution in different peanut tissues showed that the AhFAD2-1 gene showed upward of a 70-fold increase in expression of fatty acid than the AhFAD2-2 gene in peanut developing seeds, while the AhFAD2-2 gene expressed most abundantly in peanut flowers. Because the AhFAD2-1 gene played a major role in the conversion of oleic to linoleic acid during seed development, the identification of this novel member in this study would facilitate the further genetic manipulation of peanut oil quality. The implications of overall results also suggest that there may be more candidate genes controlling levels of oleate acid in developing seeds. Results also may be due to the presence of complex gene networks controlling the fluxes between the endoplasmic reticulum and the chloroplast within the peanut cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yongli Zhao
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - C.S. Prakash
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Guohao He
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Dongmei Yin
- Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Wang ML, Khera P, Pandey MK, Wang H, Qiao L, Feng S, Tonnis B, Barkley NA, Pinnow D, Holbrook CC, Culbreath AK, Varshney RK, Guo B. Genetic mapping of QTLs controlling fatty acids provided insights into the genetic control of fatty acid synthesis pathway in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119454. [PMID: 25849082 PMCID: PMC4388682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanut, a high-oil crop with about 50% oil content, is either crushed for oil or used as edible products. Fatty acid composition determines the oil quality which has high relevance to consumer health, flavor, and shelf life of commercial products. In addition to the major fatty acids, oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) accounting for about 80% of peanut oil, the six other fatty acids namely palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), arachidic acid (C20:0), gadoleic acid (C20:1), behenic acid (C22:0), and lignoceric acid (C24:0) are accounted for the rest 20%. To determine the genetic basis and to improve further understanding on effect of FAD2 genes on these fatty acids, two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations namely S-population (high oleic line 'SunOleic 97R' × low oleic line 'NC94022') and T-population (normal oleic line 'Tifrunner' × low oleic line 'GT-C20') were developed. Genetic maps with 206 and 378 marker loci for the S- and the T-population, respectively were used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. As a result, a total of 164 main-effect (M-QTLs) and 27 epistatic (E-QTLs) QTLs associated with the minor fatty acids were identified with 0.16% to 40.56% phenotypic variation explained (PVE). Thirty four major QTLs (>10% of PVE) mapped on five linkage groups and 28 clusters containing more than three QTLs were also identified. These results suggest that the major QTLs with large additive effects would play an important role in controlling composition of these minor fatty acids in addition to the oleic and linoleic acids in peanut oil. The interrelationship among these fatty acids should be considered while breeding for improved peanut genotypes with good oil quality and desired fatty acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li Wang
- Plant Genetics Resources Conservation Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Griffin, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pawan Khera
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hui Wang
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lixian Qiao
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Suping Feng
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Qiongzhou University, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Brandon Tonnis
- Plant Genetics Resources Conservation Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Griffin, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Noelle A. Barkley
- Plant Genetics Resources Conservation Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Griffin, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David Pinnow
- Plant Genetics Resources Conservation Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Griffin, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Corley C. Holbrook
- Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Albert K. Culbreath
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Baozhu Guo
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
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15
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Pandey MK, Wang ML, Qiao L, Feng S, Khera P, Wang H, Tonnis B, Barkley NA, Wang J, Holbrook CC, Culbreath AK, Varshney RK, Guo B. Identification of QTLs associated with oil content and mapping FAD2 genes and their relative contribution to oil quality in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). BMC Genet 2014; 15:133. [PMID: 25491595 PMCID: PMC4278341 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-014-0133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut is one of the major source for human consumption worldwide and its seed contain approximately 50% oil. Improvement of oil content and quality traits (high oleic and low linoleic acid) in peanut could be accelerated by exploiting linked markers through molecular breeding. The objective of this study was to identify QTLs associated with oil content, and estimate relative contribution of FAD2 genes (ahFAD2A and ahFAD2B) to oil quality traits in two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. RESULTS Improved genetic linkage maps were developed for S-population (SunOleic 97R × NC94022) with 206 (1780.6 cM) and T-population (Tifrunner × GT-C20) with 378 (2487.4 cM) marker loci. A total of 6 and 9 QTLs controlling oil content were identified in the S- and T-population, respectively. The contribution of each QTL towards oil content variation ranged from 3.07 to 10.23% in the S-population and from 3.93 to 14.07% in the T-population. The mapping positions for ahFAD2A (A sub-genome) and ahFAD2B (B sub-genome) genes were assigned on a09 and b09 linkage groups. The ahFAD2B gene (26.54%, 25.59% and 41.02% PVE) had higher phenotypic effect on oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and oleic/linoleic acid ratio (O/L ratio) than ahFAD2A gene (8.08%, 6.86% and 3.78% PVE). The FAD2 genes had no effect on oil content. This study identified a total of 78 main-effect QTLs (M-QTLs) with up to 42.33% phenotypic variation (PVE) and 10 epistatic QTLs (E-QTLs) up to 3.31% PVE for oil content and quality traits. CONCLUSIONS A total of 78 main-effect QTLs (M-QTLs) and 10 E-QTLs have been detected for oil content and oil quality traits. One major QTL (more than 10% PVE) was identified in both the populations for oil content with source alleles from NC94022 and GT-C20 parental genotypes. FAD2 genes showed high effect for oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and O/L ratio while no effect on total oil content. The information on phenotypic effect of FAD2 genes for oleic acid, linoleic acid and O/L ratio, and oil content will be applied in breeding selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Pandey
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, Tifton, GA, USA. .,International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India. .,Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA.
| | - Ming Li Wang
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Griffin, GA, USA.
| | - Lixian Qiao
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, Tifton, GA, USA. .,Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA. .,College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Suping Feng
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, Tifton, GA, USA. .,Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA. .,College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Qiongzhou University, Sanya, China.
| | - Pawan Khera
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, Tifton, GA, USA. .,International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India. .,Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA.
| | - Hui Wang
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, Tifton, GA, USA. .,Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA. .,Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Brandon Tonnis
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Griffin, GA, USA.
| | - Noelle A Barkley
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Griffin, GA, USA.
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - C Corley Holbrook
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Tifton, GA, USA.
| | | | - Rajeev K Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India.
| | - Baozhu Guo
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, Tifton, GA, USA. .,Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA.
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Bouabdallah I, Bouali I, Martinez-Force E, Albouchi A, Perez Camino M, Boukhchina S. Composition of fatty acids, triacylglycerols and polar compounds of different walnut varieties (Juglans regiaL.) from Tunisia. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1826-33. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.950573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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