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Jinks M, Davies EC, Boughton BA, Lodge S, Maker GL. 1H NMR spectroscopic characterisation of HepG2 cells as a model metabolic system for toxicology studies. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 99:105881. [PMID: 38906200 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The immortalised human hepatocellular HepG2 cell line is commonly used for toxicology studies as an alternative to animal testing due to its characteristic liver-distinctive functions. However, little is known about the baseline metabolic changes within these cells upon toxin exposure. We have applied 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to characterise the biochemical composition of HepG2 cells at baseline and post-exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Metabolic profiles of live cells, cell extracts, and their spent media supernatants were obtained using 1H high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR and 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (O-PLS-DA) was used to characterise the metabolites that differed between the baseline and H2O2 treated groups. The results showed that H2O2 caused alterations to 10 metabolites, including acetate, glutamate, lipids, phosphocholine, and creatine in the live cells; 25 metabolites, including acetate, alanine, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), aspartate, citrate, creatine, glucose, glutamine, glutathione, and lactate in the cell extracts, and 22 metabolites, including acetate, alanine, formate, glucose, pyruvate, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine in the cell supernatants. At least 10 biochemical pathways associated with these metabolites were disrupted upon toxin exposure, including those involved in energy, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. Our findings illustrate the ability of NMR-based metabolic profiling of immortalised human cells to detect metabolic effects on central metabolism due to toxin exposure. The established data sets will enable more subtle biochemical changes in the HepG2 model cell system to be identified in future toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Jinks
- Australian National Phenome, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Building, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Building, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Emily C Davies
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Building, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Berin A Boughton
- Australian National Phenome, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Building, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Building, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, AgriBio, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Samantha Lodge
- Australian National Phenome, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Building, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Building, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Garth L Maker
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Harry Perkins Building, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
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Kiseleva OI, Kurbatov IY, Arzumanian VA, Ilgisonis EV, Zakharov SV, Poverennaya EV. The Expectation and Reality of the HepG2 Core Metabolic Profile. Metabolites 2023; 13:908. [PMID: 37623852 PMCID: PMC10456947 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To represent the composition of small molecules circulating in HepG2 cells and the formation of the "core" of characteristic metabolites that often attract researchers' attention, we conducted a meta-analysis of 56 datasets obtained through metabolomic profiling via mass spectrometry and NMR. We highlighted the 288 most commonly studied compounds of diverse chemical nature and analyzed metabolic processes involving these small molecules. Building a complete map of the metabolome of a cell, which encompasses the diversity of possible impacts on it, is a severe challenge for the scientific community, which is faced not only with natural limitations of experimental technologies, but also with the absence of transparent and widely accepted standards for processing and presenting the obtained metabolomic data. Formulating our research design, we aimed to reveal metabolites crucial to the Hepg2 cell line, regardless of all chemical and/or physical impact factors. Unfortunately, the existing paradigm of data policy leads to a streetlight effect. When analyzing and reporting only target metabolites of interest, the community ignores the changes in the metabolomic landscape that hide many molecular secrets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I. Kiseleva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia (E.V.I.); (E.V.P.)
| | - Ilya Y. Kurbatov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia (E.V.I.); (E.V.P.)
| | - Viktoriia A. Arzumanian
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia (E.V.I.); (E.V.P.)
| | - Ekaterina V. Ilgisonis
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia (E.V.I.); (E.V.P.)
| | - Svyatoslav V. Zakharov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory Street, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina V. Poverennaya
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia (E.V.I.); (E.V.P.)
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3
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Oliva C, Arias A, Ruiz M, Pujol A, Garrabou G, Canto-Santos J, Urreizti R, Castilla-Vallmanya L, Rodriguez-Gonzalez H, Jou C, Casado M, Ormazabal A, Artuch R. Fibroblast phenylalanine concentration as a surrogate biomarker of cellular number. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1226:123787. [PMID: 37327517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics studies in human dermal fibroblasts can elucidate the biological mechanisms associated with some diseases, but several methodological issues that increase variability have been identified. We aimed to quantify the amino acid levels in cultured fibroblasts and to apply different sample-based normalization approaches. Forty-four skin biopsies from control subjects were collected. Amino acids were measured in fibroblasts supernatants by UPLC-MS/MS. Statistical supervised and unsupervised studies were used. Spearman's test showed that phenylalanine displayed the second highest correlation with the remaining amino acids (mean r = 0.8), whereas the total protein concentration from the cell pellet showed a mean of r = 0.67. The lowest percentage of variation was obtained when amino acids were normalized by phenylalanine values, with a mean of 42% vs 57% when normalized by total protein values. When amino acid levels were normalized by phenylalanine, Principal Component Analysis and clustering analyses identified different fibroblasts groups. In conclusion, phenylalanine may be a suitable biomarker to estimate cellular content in cultured fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Oliva
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angela Arias
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ruiz
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Avinguda de la Gran via de l'Hospitalet, 199, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Av. de Serragalliners, s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Avinguda de la Gran via de l'Hospitalet, 199, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Av. de Serragalliners, s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Avda. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Garrabou
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Avda. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, CELLEX-August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, C/ del Roselló, 149, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-University of Barcelona, C/ de Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, C/ del Roselló, 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Canto-Santos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Avda. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, CELLEX-August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, C/ del Roselló, 149, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Urreizti
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Avda. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Castilla-Vallmanya
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Avda. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Rodriguez-Gonzalez
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Jou
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Avda. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Biobank and Pathology department, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Casado
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Avda. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Ormazabal
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Avda. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Avda. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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4
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De Oro-Carretero P, Sanz-Landaluze J. Miniaturized method for the quantification of persistent organic pollutants and their metabolites in HepG2 cells: assessment of their biotransformation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04781-w. [PMID: 37289209 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation can greatly influence the accumulation and, subsequently, toxicity of substances in living beings. Although traditionally these studies to quantify metabolization of a compound have been carried out with in vivo species, currently, in vitro test methods with very different cell lines are being developed for their evaluation. However, this is still a very limited field due to multiple variables of a very diverse nature. So, an increasing number of analytical chemists are working with cells or other similar biological samples of very small size. This makes it necessary to address the development of analytical methods that allow determining their concentration both inside the cells and in their exposure medium. The aim of this study is to develop a set of analytical methodologies for the quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs (phenanthrene, PHE), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether, BDE-47), and their major metabolites in cells and their exposure medium. Analytical methodologies, based on miniaturized ultrasound probe-assisted extraction, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-microelectron capture detector (GC-MS-µECD), and liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector (LC-FL) determination techniques, have been optimized and then applied to a biotransformation study in HepG2 at 48 h of exposure. Significant concentrations of the major metabolites of PHE (1-OH, 2-OH, 3-OH, 4-OH-, and 9-OH-PHE) and BDE-47 (5-MeO-, 5-OH-, and 3-OH-BDE-47) were detected and quantified inside the cells and in the exposure medium. These results provide a new method for determination and improve information on the metabolization ratios for a better knowledge of the metabolic pathways and their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma De Oro-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jon Sanz-Landaluze
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Cholico GN, Orlowska K, Fling RR, Sink WJ, Zacharewski NA, Fader KA, Nault R, Zacharewski T. Consequences of reprogramming acetyl-CoA metabolism by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the mouse liver. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4138. [PMID: 36914879 PMCID: PMC10011583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent environmental contaminant that induces the progression of steatosis to steatohepatitis with fibrosis in mice. Furthermore, TCDD reprograms hepatic metabolism by redirecting glycolytic intermediates while inhibiting lipid metabolism. Here, we examined the effect of TCDD on hepatic acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and β-hydroxybutyrate levels as well as protein acetylation and β-hydroxybutyrylation. Acetyl-CoA is not only a central metabolite in multiple anabolic and catabolic pathways, but also a substrate used for posttranslational modification of proteins and a surrogate indicator of cellular energy status. Targeted metabolomic analysis revealed a dose-dependent decrease in hepatic acetyl-CoA levels coincident with the phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), and the induction of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase, while repressing ATP citrate lyase and short-chain acyl-CoA synthetase gene expression. In addition, TCDD dose-dependently reduced the levels of hepatic β-hydroxybutyrate and repressed ketone body biosynthesis gene expression. Moreover, levels of total hepatic protein acetylation and β-hydroxybutyrylation were reduced. AMPK phosphorylation was induced consistent with acetyl-CoA serving as a cellular energy status surrogate, yet subsequent targets associated with re-establishing energy homeostasis were not activated. Collectively, TCDD reduced hepatic acetyl-CoA and β-hydroxybutyrate levels eliciting starvation-like conditions despite normal levels of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovan N Cholico
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Karina Orlowska
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Russell R Fling
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Warren J Sink
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Nicholas A Zacharewski
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kelly A Fader
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Rance Nault
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Tim Zacharewski
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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6
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Shin B, Hong SH, Seo S, Jeong CH, Kim J, Bae E, Lee D, Shin JH, Shim M, Han SB, Lee DK. Hepatocellular Metabolic Abnormalities Induced by Long-Term Exposure to Novel Brominated Flame Retardant, Hexabromobenzene. TOXICS 2023; 11:101. [PMID: 36850976 PMCID: PMC9962401 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) are widely used to avoid environmental accumulation concerns and because of the regulations imposed on classical BFRs. However, recent studies have not revealed the negative effects of NBFR accumulation and exposure on humans. We conducted a metabolomics study on hexabromobenzene (HBB), one of the NBFRs, to investigate its effect on hepatocytes. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling was performed to observe metabolic perturbations by treating human livertissue-derived HepG2 cell lines with HBB for maximum 21 days. Metabolic pathway enrichment using 17 metabolite biomarkers determined via univariate and multivariate statistical analysis verified that long-term accumulation of HBB resulted in distinct diminution of eight amino acids and five other metabolites. Molecular docking of the biomarker-related enzymes revealed the potential molecular mechanism of hepatocellular response to HBB exposure, which disrupts the energy metabolism of hepatic cells. Collectively, this study may provide insights into the hidden toxicity of bioaccumulating HBB and unveil the risks associated with non-regulated NBFRs.
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7
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Di Zeo-Sánchez DE, Segovia-Zafra A, Matilla-Cabello G, Pinazo-Bandera JM, Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, Villanueva-Paz M. Modeling drug-induced liver injury: current status and future prospects. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 18:555-573. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2022.2122810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Di Zeo-Sánchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Segovia-Zafra
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Matilla-Cabello
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - José M. Pinazo-Bandera
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Raúl J. Andrade
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Lucena
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Plataforma ISCIII de Ensayos Clínicos. UICEC-IBIMA, 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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8
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Wang Y, Zhu X, Wang K, Cai Y, Liu C, Pan J, Sun J, Liu T, Huang Y, Li Y, Lu Y. Cell Metabolomics Study on Synergistic anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Effect of Aidi Injection Combined with Doxorubicin. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5451. [PMID: 35848595 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the second most common cause of cancer deaths. This study aimed to explore the inhibitory effect and mechanism of Aidi injection (ADI) combined with doxorubicin (DOX) in HCC treatment. The drug concentrations in combined threapy was determined by investigating the effect of various concentrations of ADI and DOX on the viability of H22 cells. The combination index (CI) was also calculated. A metabolomic strategy based on ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) platform was established to analyze the metabolites. As a result, the CI values were less than 1, indicating that the combination of ADI and DOX exerted a synergistic effect on HCC treatment. The combination of 40‰ ADI and 1 μmol/L DOX had the strongest inhibitory effect and was used for subsequent metabolomic analysis. A total of 19 metabolic markers were obtained in metabolomic analysis, including amino acids (L-glutamic acid, L-arginine, and L-tyrosine), organic acids (succinic acid and citric acid), adenosine, and hypoxanthine , etc. Compared with the treatment using DOX or ADI alone, the combined therapy further regulated the levels of metabolic markers in HCC, which may be the reason for the synergistic effect. Seven metabolic pathways were significantly enriched, including phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and purine metabolism. These findings demonstrated that ADI combined with DOX can effectively inhibit the viability of H22 cells, which may exert a synergistic anti-tumor effect by balancing the metabolism of amino acids and energy-related substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kailiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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9
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Segovia-Zafra A, Di Zeo-Sánchez DE, López-Gómez C, Pérez-Valdés Z, García-Fuentes E, Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, Villanueva-Paz M. Preclinical models of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI): Moving towards prediction. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3685-3726. [PMID: 35024301 PMCID: PMC8727925 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI) encompasses the unexpected harms that prescription and non-prescription drugs, herbal and dietary supplements can cause to the liver. iDILI remains a major public health problem and a major cause of drug attrition. Given the lack of biomarkers for iDILI prediction, diagnosis and prognosis, searching new models to predict and study mechanisms of iDILI is necessary. One of the major limitations of iDILI preclinical assessment has been the lack of correlation between the markers of hepatotoxicity in animal toxicological studies and clinically significant iDILI. Thus, major advances in the understanding of iDILI susceptibility and pathogenesis have come from the study of well-phenotyped iDILI patients. However, there are many gaps for explaining all the complexity of iDILI susceptibility and mechanisms. Therefore, there is a need to optimize preclinical human in vitro models to reduce the risk of iDILI during drug development. Here, the current experimental models and the future directions in iDILI modelling are thoroughly discussed, focusing on the human cellular models available to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease and the most used in vivo animal iDILI models. We also comment about in silico approaches and the increasing relevance of patient-derived cellular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Segovia-Zafra
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Daniel E. Di Zeo-Sánchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Gómez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - Zeus Pérez-Valdés
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - Raúl J. Andrade
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Lucena
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Platform ISCIII de Ensayos Clínicos, UICEC-IBIMA, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
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10
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Araújo AM, Carvalho F, Guedes de Pinho P, Carvalho M. Toxicometabolomics: Small Molecules to Answer Big Toxicological Questions. Metabolites 2021; 11:692. [PMID: 34677407 PMCID: PMC8539642 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the high biological impact of classical and emerging toxicants, a sensitive and comprehensive assessment of the hazards and risks of these substances to organisms is urgently needed. In this sense, toxicometabolomics emerged as a new and growing field in life sciences, which use metabolomics to provide new sets of susceptibility, exposure, and/or effects biomarkers; and to characterize in detail the metabolic responses and altered biological pathways that various stressful stimuli cause in many organisms. The present review focuses on the analytical platforms and the typical workflow employed in toxicometabolomic studies, and gives an overview of recent exploratory research that applied metabolomics in various areas of toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Araújo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.C.); (P.G.d.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.C.); (P.G.d.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.C.); (P.G.d.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.C.); (P.G.d.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- FP-I3ID, FP-ENAS, University Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
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11
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Amante E, Alladio E, Rizzo R, Di Corcia D, Negri P, Visintin L, Guglielmotto M, Tamagno E, Vincenti M, Salomone A. Untargeted Metabolomics in Forensic Toxicology: A New Approach for the Detection of Fentanyl Intake in Urine Samples. Molecules 2021; 26:4990. [PMID: 34443578 PMCID: PMC8398448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The misuse of fentanyl, and novel synthetic opioids (NSO) in general, has become a public health emergency, especially in the United States. The detection of NSO is often challenged by the limited diagnostic time frame allowed by urine sampling and the wide range of chemically modified analogues, continuously introduced to the recreational drug market. In this study, an untargeted metabolomics approach was developed to obtain a comprehensive "fingerprint" of any anomalous and specific metabolic pattern potentially related to fentanyl exposure. In recent years, in vitro models of drug metabolism have emerged as important tools to overcome the limited access to positive urine samples and uncertainties related to the substances actually taken, the possible combined drug intake, and the ingested dose. In this study, an in vivo experiment was designed by incubating HepG2 cell lines with either fentanyl or common drugs of abuse, creating a cohort of 96 samples. These samples, together with 81 urine samples including negative controls and positive samples obtained from recent users of either fentanyl or "traditional" drugs, were subjected to untargeted analysis using both UHPLC reverse phase and HILIC chromatography combined with QTOF mass spectrometry. Data independent acquisition was performed by SWATH in order to obtain a comprehensive profile of the urinary metabolome. After extensive processing, the resulting datasets were initially subjected to unsupervised exploration by principal component analysis (PCA), yielding clear separation of the fentanyl positive samples with respect to both controls and samples positive to other drugs. The urine datasets were then systematically investigated by supervised classification models based on soft independent modeling by class analogy (SIMCA) algorithms, with the end goal of identifying fentanyl users. A final single-class SIMCA model based on an RP dataset and five PCs yielded 96% sensitivity and 74% specificity. The distinguishable metabolic patterns produced by fentanyl in comparison to other opioids opens up new perspectives in the interpretation of the biological activity of fentanyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Amante
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (E.A.); (E.A.); (R.R.); (L.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Eugenio Alladio
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (E.A.); (E.A.); (R.R.); (L.V.); (A.S.)
- Centro Regionale Antidoping e di Tossicologia, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| | - Rebecca Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (E.A.); (E.A.); (R.R.); (L.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Daniele Di Corcia
- Centro Regionale Antidoping e di Tossicologia, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| | | | - Lia Visintin
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (E.A.); (E.A.); (R.R.); (L.V.); (A.S.)
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michela Guglielmotto
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze Rita Levi Montalcini, Università di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.G.); (E.T.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi (NICO), 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Elena Tamagno
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze Rita Levi Montalcini, Università di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.G.); (E.T.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi (NICO), 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Marco Vincenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (E.A.); (E.A.); (R.R.); (L.V.); (A.S.)
- Centro Regionale Antidoping e di Tossicologia, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| | - Alberto Salomone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (E.A.); (E.A.); (R.R.); (L.V.); (A.S.)
- Centro Regionale Antidoping e di Tossicologia, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
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12
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Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy offers reproducible quantitative analysis and structural identification of metabolites in various complex biological samples, such as biofluids (plasma, serum, and urine), cells, tissue extracts, and even intact organs. Therefore, NMR-based metabolomics, a mainstream metabolomic platform, has been extensively applied in many research fields, including pharmacology, toxicology, pathophysiology, nutritional intervention, disease diagnosis/prognosis, and microbiology. In particular, NMR-based metabolomics has been successfully used for cancer research to investigate cancer metabolism and identify biomarker and therapeutic targets. This chapter highlights the innovations and challenges of NMR-based metabolomics platform and its applications in cancer research.
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13
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Zeki ÖC, Eylem CC, Reçber T, Kır S, Nemutlu E. Integration of GC–MS and LC–MS for untargeted metabolomics profiling. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 190:113509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Fling RR, Doskey CM, Fader KA, Nault R, Zacharewski TR. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) dysregulates hepatic one carbon metabolism during the progression of steatosis to steatohepatitis with fibrosis in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14831. [PMID: 32908189 PMCID: PMC7481292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71795-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a persistent environmental contaminant, induces steatosis that can progress to steatohepatitis with fibrosis, pathologies that parallel stages in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Coincidently, one carbon metabolism (OCM) gene expression and metabolites are often altered during NAFLD progression. In this study, the time- and dose-dependent effects of TCDD were examined on hepatic OCM in mice. Despite AhR ChIP-seq enrichment at 2 h, OCM gene expression was not changed within 72 h following a bolus dose of TCDD. Dose-dependent repression of methionine adenosyltransferase 1A (Mat1a), adenosylhomocysteinase (Achy) and betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (Bhmt) mRNA and protein levels following repeated treatments were greater at 28 days compared to 8 days. Accordingly, levels of methionine, betaine, and homocysteic acid were dose-dependently increased, while S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, and cystathionine exhibited non-monotonic dose-dependent responses consistent with regulation by OCM intermediates and repression of glycine N-methyltransferase (Gnmt). However, the dose-dependent effects on SAM-dependent metabolism of polyamines and creatine could not be directly attributed to alterations in SAM levels. Collectively, these results demonstrate persistent AhR activation disrupts hepatic OCM metabolism at the transcript, protein and metabolite levels within context of TCDD-elicited progression of steatosis to steatohepatitis with fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell R Fling
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Claire M Doskey
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kelly A Fader
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Rance Nault
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Tim R Zacharewski
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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15
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The application of omics-based human liver platforms for investigating the mechanism of drug-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:3067-3098. [PMID: 31586243 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) complicates safety assessment for new drugs and poses major threats to both patient health and drug development in the pharmaceutical industry. A number of human liver cell-based in vitro models combined with toxicogenomics methods have been developed as an alternative to animal testing for studying human DILI mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the in vitro human liver systems and their applications in omics-based drug-induced hepatotoxicity studies. We furthermore present bioinformatic approaches that are useful for analyzing toxicogenomic data generated from these models and discuss their current and potential contributions to the understanding of mechanisms of DILI. Human pluripotent stem cells, carrying donor-specific genetic information, hold great potential for advancing the study of individual-specific toxicological responses. When co-cultured with other liver-derived non-parenchymal cells in a microfluidic device, the resulting dynamic platform enables us to study immune-mediated drug hypersensitivity and accelerates personalized drug toxicology studies. A flexible microfluidic platform would also support the assembly of a more advanced organs-on-a-chip device, further bridging gap between in vitro and in vivo conditions. The standard transcriptomic analysis of these cell systems can be complemented with causality-inferring approaches to improve the understanding of DILI mechanisms. These approaches involve statistical techniques capable of elucidating regulatory interactions in parts of these mechanisms. The use of more elaborated human liver models, in harmony with causality-inferring bioinformatic approaches will pave the way for establishing a powerful methodology to systematically assess DILI mechanisms across a wide range of conditions.
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16
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A Quantitative HILIC-MS/MS Assay of the Metabolic Response of Huh-7 Cells Exposed to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p-Dioxin. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9060118. [PMID: 31226775 PMCID: PMC6631636 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9060118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)–ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was developed and applied to profile metabolite changes in human Huh-7 cells exposed to the potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Comparisons of sensitivity (limit of detection as low as 0.01 µM) and reproducibility (84% of compounds had an interday relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 10.0%; 83% of compounds had an intraday RSD less than 15.0%) were assessed for all the metabolites. The exposure of Huh-7 cells to the hepatotoxic carcinogen TCDD at low doses (1 nM and 10 nM for 4 h and 24 h, respectively) was reflected by the disturbance of amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism (glycolysis, TCA cycle), and nucleic acid metabolism. TCDD caused a significant decrease in amino acids such as serine, alanine, and proline while promoting an increase in arginine levels with 24 h treatment. Energy metabolism intermediates such as phosphoenolpyruvate and acetyl–CoA and nucleosides such as UMP, XMP, and CMP were also markedly decreased. These results support the application of HILIC–UHPLC–MS/MS for robust and reliable analysis of the cellular response to environmentally relevant toxicants at lower doses.
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Tao W, Tian J, Xu T, Xu L, Xie HQ, Zhou Z, Guo Z, Fu H, Yin X, Chen Y, Xu H, Zhang S, Zhang W, Ma C, Ji F, Yang J, Zhao B. Metabolic profiling study on potential toxicity in male mice treated with Dechlorane 602 using UHPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:141-147. [PMID: 30537652 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dechlorane 602 (Dec 602), a chlorinated flame retardant, has been widely detected in different environmental matrices and biota. However, toxicity data for Dec 602 seldom have been reported. A metabolomics study based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry was employed to study the urine and sera metabolic profiles of mice administered with Dec 602 (0, 0.001, 0.1, and 10 mg/kg body weight per day) for 7 days. A significant difference in metabolic profiling was observed between the Dec 602 treated group and the control group by multivariate analysis, which directly reflected the metabolic perturbations caused by Dec 602. The metabolomics analyses of urine from Dec 602-exposed animals exhibited an increase in the levels of thymidine and tryptophan as well as a decrease in the levels of tyrosine, 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid, 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid and cuminaldehyde. The metabolomics analyses of sera showed a decrease in the levels of kynurenic acid, daidzein, adenosine, xanthurenic acid and hypoxanthine from Dec 602-exposed animals. These findings indicated Dec 602 induced disturbance in phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis; phenylalanine metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Significant alterations of immune and neurotransmitter-related metabolites (tyrosine, tryptophan, kynurenic acid, and xanthurenic acid) suggest that the toxic effects of Dec 602 may contribute to its interactions with the immune and neuronal systems. This study demonstrated that the UHPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS-based metabolomic approach can obtain more specific insights into the potential toxic effects of Dec 602 at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuqun Tao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jijing Tian
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tuan Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heidi Qunhui Xie
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution Control, National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhiling Guo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hualing Fu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Yin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangsheng Chen
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiming Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songyan Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanglong Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Shimadzu (China) Co.,Ltd, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Shimadzu (China) Co.,Ltd, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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18
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Glazer L, Kido Soule MC, Longnecker K, Kujawinski EB, Aluru N. Hepatic metabolite profiling of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-resistant and sensitive populations of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 205:114-122. [PMID: 30368057 PMCID: PMC6246827 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic killifish inhabiting polluted sites along the east coast of the U.S. have evolved resistance to toxic effects of contaminants. One such contaminated site is the Acushnet River estuary, near New Bedford Harbor (NBH), Massachusetts, which is characterized by very high PCB concentrations in the sediments and in the tissues of resident killifish. Though killifish at this site appear to be thriving, the metabolic costs of survival in a highly contaminated environment are not well understood. In this study we compared the hepatic metabolite profiles of resistant (NBH) and sensitive populations (Scorton Creek (SC), Sandwich, MA) using a targeted metabolomics approach in which polar metabolites were extracted from adult fish livers and quantified. Our results revealed differences in the levels of several metabolites between fish from the two sites. The majority of these metabolites are associated with one-carbon metabolism, an important pathway that supports multiple physiological processes including DNA and protein methylation, nucleic acid biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism. We measured the gene expression of DNA methylation (DNA methyltransferase 1, dnmt1) and demethylation genes (Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) genes) in the two populations, and observed lower levels of dnmt1 and higher levels of TET gene expression in the NBH livers, suggesting possible differences in DNA methylation profiles. Consistent with this, the two populations differed significantly in the levels of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine nucleotides. Overall, our results suggest that the unique hepatic metabolite signatures observed in NBH and SC reflect the adaptive mechanisms for survival in their respective habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilah Glazer
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, United States; School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Melissa C Kido Soule
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, United States
| | - Krista Longnecker
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, United States
| | - Elizabeth B Kujawinski
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, United States
| | - Neelakanteswar Aluru
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, United States.
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19
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GC-MS metabolomics reveals disturbed metabolic pathways in primary mouse hepatocytes exposed to subtoxic levels of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:3307-3323. [PMID: 30255327 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is a well-known hepatotoxic drug. Although its toxicity has been thoroughly studied at high concentrations, there is still insufficient knowledge on possible alterations of cell function at subtoxic concentrations, which are in fact more representative concentrations of intoxication scenarios. In this study, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics approach was used to investigate the metabolic changes in primary mouse hepatocytes (PMH) exposed to two subtoxic concentrations of MDMA (LC01 and LC10) for 24 h. Metabolomic profiling of both intracellular metabolites and volatile metabolites in the extracellular medium of PMH was performed. Multivariate analysis showed that the metabolic pattern of cells exposed to MDMA discriminates from the controls in a concentration-dependent manner. Exposure to LC10 MDMA induces a significant increase in some intracellular metabolites, including oleic acid and palmitic acid, and a decrease in glutamate, aspartate, 5-oxoproline, fumarate, malate, phosphoric acid, α-ketoglutarate and citrate. Extracellular metabolites such as acetophenone, formaldehyde, pivalic acid, glyoxal and 2-butanone were found significantly increased after exposure to MDMA, compared to controls, whereas 4-methylheptane, 2,4-dimethyl-1-heptene, nonanal, among others, were found significantly decreased. The panel of discriminatory metabolites is mainly involved in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acid metabolism, glutamate metabolism, antioxidant defenses and possibly changes in the liver enzyme machinery. Overall, these results highlight the potential of the intra- and extracellular metabolome to study alterations triggered by subtoxic concentrations of MDMA in hepatic cell functions, which represents a more realistic appraisal of early toxicity events posed by exposure to this drug. In addition, these results also revealed some metabolites that may be used as potential biomarkers indicative of early events in the hepatotoxicity induced by MDMA.
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20
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In vitro assessment of hepatotoxicity by metabolomics: a review. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:3007-3029. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Hayton S, Maker GL, Mullaney I, Trengove RD. Experimental design and reporting standards for metabolomics studies of mammalian cell lines. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4421-4441. [PMID: 28669031 PMCID: PMC11107723 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an analytical technique that investigates the small biochemical molecules present within a biological sample isolated from a plant, animal, or cultured cells. It can be an extremely powerful tool in elucidating the specific metabolic changes within a biological system in response to an environmental challenge such as disease, infection, drugs, or toxins. A historically difficult step in the metabolomics pipeline is in data interpretation to a meaningful biological context, for such high-variability biological samples and in untargeted metabolomics studies that are hypothesis-generating by design. One way to achieve stronger biological context of metabolomic data is via the use of cultured cell models, particularly for mammalian biological systems. The benefits of in vitro metabolomics include a much greater control of external variables and no ethical concerns. The current concerns are with inconsistencies in experimental procedures and level of reporting standards between different studies. This review discusses some of these discrepancies between recent studies, such as metabolite extraction and data normalisation. The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of a standardised experimental approach to any cultured cell metabolomics study and suggests an example procedure fully inclusive of information that should be disclosed in regard to the cell type/s used and their culture conditions. Metabolomics of cultured cells has the potential to uncover previously unknown information about cell biology, functions and response mechanisms, and so the accurate biological interpretation of the data produced and its ability to be compared to other studies should be considered vitally important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hayton
- Separation Sciences and Metabolomics Laboratories, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Garth L Maker
- Separation Sciences and Metabolomics Laboratories, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
| | - Ian Mullaney
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Robert D Trengove
- Separation Sciences and Metabolomics Laboratories, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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22
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Cross-platform metabolomics investigating the intracellular metabolic alterations of HaCaT cells exposed to phenanthrene. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1060:15-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Araújo AM, Carvalho M, Carvalho F, Bastos MDL, Guedes de Pinho P. Metabolomic approaches in the discovery of potential urinary biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 47:633-649. [PMID: 28436314 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2017.1309638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major safety issue during drug development, as well as the most common cause for the withdrawal of drugs from the pharmaceutical market. The identification of DILI biomarkers is a labor-intensive area. Conventional biomarkers are not specific and often only appear at significant levels when liver damage is substantial. Therefore, new biomarkers for early identification of hepatotoxicity during the drug discovery process are needed, thus resulting in lower development costs and safer drugs. In this sense, metabolomics has been increasingly playing an important role in the discovery of biomarkers of liver damage, although the characterization of the mechanisms of toxicity induced by xenobiotics remains a huge challenge. These new-generation biomarkers will offer obvious benefits for the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory agencies, as well as a personalized clinical follow-up of patients, upon validation and translation into clinical practice or approval for routine use. This review describes the current status of the metabolomics applied to the early diagnosis and prognosis of DILI and in the discovery of new potential urinary biomarkers of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Araújo
- a UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Márcia Carvalho
- a UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS) , University Fernando Pessoa , Porto , Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- a UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- a UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- a UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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24
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Hu Q, Wei J, Liu Y, Fei X, Hao Y, Pei D, Di D. Discovery and identification of potential biomarkers for alcohol-induced oxidative stress based on cellular metabolomics. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 27925248 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers involved in alcohol-induced oxidative stress play an important role in alcoholic liver disease prevention and diagnosis. Alcohol-induced oxidative stress in human liver L-02 cells was used to discover the potential biomarkers. Metabolites from L-02 cells induced by alcohol were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Fourteen metabolites that allowed discrimination between control and model groups were discovered by multivariate statistical data analysis (i.e. principal components analysis, orthogonal partial least-squares discriminate analysis). Based on the retention time, UV spectrum and LC-MS findings of the samples and compared with the authentic standards, eight biomarkers involved in alcohol-induced oxidative stress, namely, malic acid, oxidized glutathione, γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, adenosine triphosphate, phenylalanine, adenosine monophosphate, nitrotyrosine and tryptophan, were identified. These biomarkers offered important targets for disease diagnosis and other researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Hu
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Center of Resource Chemical and New Material, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianteng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Center of Resource Chemical and New Material, Qingdao, China
| | - Yewei Liu
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiulan Fei
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Hao
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dong Pei
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Center of Resource Chemical and New Material, Qingdao, China
| | - Duolong Di
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Center of Resource Chemical and New Material, Qingdao, China
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25
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Liu Y, Ran R, Hu C, Cui B, Xu Y, Liu H, Quan S, Li D, Li X, Wu Y, Zhang D, Shi J. The metabolic responses of HepG2 cells to the exposure of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2015.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As the number of reported deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination incidents increased steadily over the past decades, there has been a widespread interest in understanding the cellular mechanisms of the toxicological effects of DON using in vitro systems and omics technologies. The present investigation was conducted to understand the metabolomic changes in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) exposed to 10 μM DON for short term (4 h) and long term (12 h) periods, using a non-targeted metabolomics approach. Our results revealed a remarkable metabolic shift from short term to long term exposure to DON in HepG2 cells. Our metabolomics data also confirmed the role of DON induced oxidative stress in DON toxicity. Coupled with pattern recognition and pathway analysis, effects of DON on redox homeostasis, energy balance, lipid metabolism, and potential toxicological mechanisms were discussed, which would facilitate further studies on the risk assessment of the dietary mycotoxin DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University – University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China P.R
| | - R. Ran
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University – University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China P.R
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, H9X 3V9 Montreal, Canada
| | - C. Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University – University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China P.R
| | - B. Cui
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University – University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China P.R
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shanghai 200245, China P.R
| | - Y. Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University – University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China P.R
- College of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201418, China P.R
| | - H. Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University – University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China P.R
| | - S. Quan
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University – University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China P.R
| | - D. Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China P.R
| | - X. Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment of Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China P.R
| | - Y. Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment of Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China P.R
| | - D. Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University – University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China P.R
- Plant Genomics Center, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae 5064, Australia
| | - J. Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University – University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China P.R
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26
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Kakizuka S, Takeda T, Komiya Y, Koba A, Uchi H, Yamamoto M, Furue M, Ishii Y, Yamada H. Dioxin-Produced Alteration in the Profiles of Fecal and Urinary Metabolomes: A Change in Bile Acids and Its Relevance to Toxicity. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 38:1484-95. [PMID: 26424014 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated dioxin-induced changes in metabolomes in pubertal rat excrement. The administration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or restricting dietary intake (pair-fed group) markedly altered the metabolomic profile including lipids, hormones, and vitamins in the urine and feces. TCDD caused an increase in the fecal chenodeoxycholic acid and taurocholic acid content and in urinary adrenaline and 17β-estradiol, while the urinary melatonin level was reduced by TCDD. These changes were not observed in the pair-fed group. In accordance with the elevated level of fecal bile acids, TCDD reduced the intestinal expression of the apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter, which plays a role in resorbing bile acids from the bile duct. In addition, CYP7A1, a rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid biosynthesis, was attenuated by TCDD treatment, although TCDD induced hepatic CYP8B1, an enzyme essential for cholic acid synthesis. Supplying cholic acid or chenodeoxycholic acid to TCDD-exposed rats tended to restore the TCDD-produced reduction in serum triglycerides, whereas no similar trend was observed in wasting syndrome and lipid accumulation in the liver. These results suggest that: 1) TCDD alters the circulating levels of bile acids and hormones via a mechanism distinct from an attenuation in dietary intake, although the majority of TCDD-induced changes in nutrient contents in the excrement is due to a reduction in food intake; and 2) TCDD facilitates the excretion of bile acids and disrupts their biosynthesis, resulting in the disturbance of lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Kakizuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
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27
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Bouhifd M, Beger R, Flynn T, Guo L, Harris G, Hogberg H, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Kamp H, Kleensang A, Maertens A, Odwin-DaCosta S, Pamies D, Robertson D, Smirnova L, Sun J, Zhao L, Hartung T. Quality assurance of metabolomics. ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION 2016; 32:319-26. [PMID: 26536290 PMCID: PMC5578451 DOI: 10.14573/altex.1509161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics promises a holistic phenotypic characterization of biological responses to toxicants. This technology is based on advanced chemical analytical tools with reasonable throughput, including mass-spectroscopy and NMR. Quality assurance, however – from experimental design, sample preparation, metabolite identification, to bioinformatics data-mining – is urgently needed to assure both quality of metabolomics data and reproducibility of biological models. In contrast to microarray-based transcriptomics, where consensus on quality assurance and reporting standards has been fostered over the last two decades, quality assurance of metabolomics is only now emerging. Regulatory use in safety sciences, and even proper scientific use of these technologies, demand quality assurance. In an effort to promote this discussion, an expert workshop discussed the quality assurance needs of metabolomics. The goals for this workshop were 1) to consider the challenges associated with metabolomics as an emerging science, with an emphasis on its application in toxicology and 2) to identify the key issues to be addressed in order to establish and implement quality assurance procedures in metabolomics-based toxicology. Consensus has still to be achieved regarding best practices to make sure sound, useful, and relevant information is derived from these new tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Bouhifd
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard Beger
- US Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Systems Biology, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Thomas Flynn
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | - Georgina Harris
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helena Hogberg
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hennicke Kamp
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Andre Kleensang
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra Maertens
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shelly Odwin-DaCosta
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Pamies
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Lena Smirnova
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jinchun Sun
- US Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Systems Biology, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Baltimore, MD, USA.,CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Germany
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28
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Ranninger C, Schmidt LE, Rurik M, Limonciel A, Jennings P, Kohlbacher O, Huber CG. Improving global feature detectabilities through scan range splitting for untargeted metabolomics by high-performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 930:13-22. [PMID: 27265900 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Untargeted metabolomics aims at obtaining quantitative information on the highest possible number of low-molecular biomolecules present in a biological sample. Rather small changes in mass spectrometric spectrum acquisition parameters may have a significant influence on the detectabilities of metabolites in untargeted global-scale studies by means of high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Employing whole cell lysates of human renal proximal tubule cells, we present a systematic global-scale study of the influence of mass spectrometric scan parameters and post-acquisition data treatment on the number and intensity of metabolites detectable in whole cell lysates. Ion transmission and ion collection efficiencies in an Orbitrap-based mass spectrometer basically depend on the m/z range scanned, which, ideally, requires different instrument settings for the respective mass ranges investigated. Therefore, we split a full scan range of m/z 50-1000 relevant for metabolites into two separate segments (m/z 50-200 and m/z 200-1,000), allowing an independent tuning of the ion transmission parameters for both mass ranges. Three different implementations, involving either scanning from m/z 50-1000 in a single scan, or scanning from m/z 50-200 and from m/z 200-1000 in two alternating scans, or performing two separate HPLC-MS runs with m/z 50-200 and m/z 200-1000 scan ranges were critically assessed. The detected features were subjected to rigorous background filtering and quality control in order to obtain reliable metabolite features for subsequent differential quantification. The most efficient approach in terms of feature number, which forms the basis for statistical analysis, identification, and for generating biological hypotheses, was the separate analysis of two different mass ranges. This lead to an increase in the number of detectable metabolite features, especially in the higher mass range (m/z greater than 400), by 2.5 (negative mode) to 6-fold (positive mode) as compared to analysis involving a single scan range. The total number of features confidently detectable was 560 in positive ion mode, and 436 in negative ion mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ranninger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Lukas E Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Marc Rurik
- Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Alice Limonciel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
| | - Paul Jennings
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
| | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Germany; Quantitative Biology Center, University of Tübingen, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany; Biomolecular Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Christian G Huber
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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29
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Evaluation of toxicological biomarkers in secreted proteins of HepG2 cells exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and their expressions in the plasma of rats and incineration workers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:584-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Juan-García A, Juan C, Manyes L, Ruiz MJ. Binary and tertiary combination of alternariol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol on HepG2 cells: Toxic effects and evaluation of degradation products. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 34:264-273. [PMID: 27131905 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fungi producers of mycotoxins are able to synthesize more than one toxin. Alternariol (AOH) is one of the mycotoxins produced by several Alternaria species, the most common one being Alternaria alternata. The toxins 3-Acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and 15-Acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) are acetylated forms of deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by Fusarium graminearum. In the present work it is determined and evaluated the toxic effects of binary and tertiary combination treatment of HepG2 cells with AOH, 3-ADON and 15-ADON, by using the MTT assay (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide), to subsequently apply the isobologram method and elucidate if the mixtures of these mycotoxins produced synergism, antagonism or additive effect; and lastly, to analyze mycotoxins conversion into metabolites produced and released by HepG2 cells after applying the treatment conditions by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) equipment and extracted from culture media. HepG2 cells were treated at different concentrations over 24, 48 and 72h. IC50 values detected at all times assayed, ranged from 0.8 to >25μM in binary combinations; while in tertiary it ranged from 7.5 to 12μM. Synergistic, antagonism or additive effect detected in the mixtures of these mycotoxins was different depending on low or high concentration. Among all four mycotoxins combinations assayed, 15-ADON+3-ADON presented the highest toxic potential. At all assayed times, recoveries values oscillated depending on the time and combination studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Juan-García
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Cristina Juan
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Lara Manyes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - María-José Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
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31
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Madji Hounoum B, Blasco H, Emond P, Mavel S. Liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry-based cell metabolomics: Experimental design, recommendations, and applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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Muschet C, Möller G, Prehn C, de Angelis MH, Adamski J, Tokarz J. Removing the bottlenecks of cell culture metabolomics: fast normalization procedure, correlation of metabolites to cell number, and impact of the cell harvesting method. Metabolomics 2016; 12:151. [PMID: 27729828 PMCID: PMC5025493 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although cultured cells are nowadays regularly analyzed by metabolomics technologies, some issues in study setup and data processing are still not resolved to complete satisfaction: a suitable harvesting method for adherent cells, a fast and robust method for data normalization, and the proof that metabolite levels can be normalized to cell number. OBJECTIVES We intended to develop a fast method for normalization of cell culture metabolomics samples, to analyze how metabolite levels correlate with cell numbers, and to elucidate the impact of the kind of harvesting on measured metabolite profiles. METHODS We cultured four different human cell lines and used them to develop a fluorescence-based method for DNA quantification. Further, we assessed the correlation between metabolite levels and cell numbers and focused on the impact of the harvesting method (scraping or trypsinization) on the metabolite profile. RESULTS We developed a fast, sensitive and robust fluorescence-based method for DNA quantification showing excellent linear correlation between fluorescence intensities and cell numbers for all cell lines. Furthermore, 82-97 % of the measured intracellular metabolites displayed linear correlation between metabolite concentrations and cell numbers. We observed differences in amino acids, biogenic amines, and lipid levels between trypsinized and scraped cells. CONCLUSION We offer a fast, robust, and validated normalization method for cell culture metabolomics samples and demonstrate the eligibility of the normalization of metabolomics data to the cell number. We show a cell line and metabolite-specific impact of the harvesting method on metabolite concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Muschet
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Möller
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Janina Tokarz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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33
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Xiao Y, Zhai Q, Wang G, Liu X, Zhao J, Tian F, Zhang H, Chen W. Metabolomics analysis reveals heavy metal copper-induced cytotoxicity in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09320e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
LC-MS based metabolomics analysis reveals heavy metal copper-induced cytotoxicity in a human intestinal cell line, HT-29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- People's Republic of China
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Veyrat-Durebex C, Corcia P, Piver E, Devos D, Dangoumau A, Gouel F, Vourc'h P, Emond P, Laumonnier F, Nadal-Desbarats L, Gordon PH, Andres CR, Blasco H. Disruption of TCA Cycle and Glutamate Metabolism Identified by Metabolomics in an In Vitro Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6910-6924. [PMID: 26666663 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to develop a cellular metabolomics model that reproduces the pathophysiological conditions found in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in order to improve knowledge of disease physiology. We used a co-culture model combining the motor neuron-like cell line NSC-34 and the astrocyte clone C8-D1A, with each over-expressing wild-type or G93C mutant human SOD1, to examine amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) physiology. We focused on the effects of mutant human SOD1 as well as oxidative stress induced by menadione on intracellular metabolism using a metabolomics approach through gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Preliminary non-supervised analysis by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that cell type, genetic environment, and time of culture influenced the metabolomics profiles. Supervised analysis using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) on data from intracellular metabolomics profiles of SOD1G93C co-cultures produced metabolites involved in glutamate metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle. This study revealed the feasibility of using a metabolomics approach in a cellular model of ALS. We identified potential disruption of the TCA cycle and glutamate metabolism under oxidative stress, which is consistent with prior research in the disease. Analysis of metabolic alterations in an in vitro model is a novel approach to investigation of disease physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Veyrat-Durebex
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Equipe « Neurogénétique et neurométabolomique », 37032, Tours, France. .,CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de biologie moléculaire, 37044, Tours, France.
| | - Philippe Corcia
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Equipe « Neurogénétique et neurométabolomique », 37032, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Service de Neurologie, 37044, Tours, France
| | | | - David Devos
- Département de Pharmacologie médicale, INSERM U1171, Université Lille Nord de France, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Audrey Dangoumau
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Equipe « Neurogénétique et neurométabolomique », 37032, Tours, France
| | - Flore Gouel
- Département de Pharmacologie médicale, INSERM U1171, Université Lille Nord de France, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Patrick Vourc'h
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Equipe « Neurogénétique et neurométabolomique », 37032, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de biologie moléculaire, 37044, Tours, France
| | - Patrick Emond
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Equipe « Neurogénétique et neurométabolomique », 37032, Tours, France.,PPF-ASB, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Frédéric Laumonnier
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Equipe « Neurogénétique et neurométabolomique », 37032, Tours, France
| | - Lydie Nadal-Desbarats
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Equipe « Neurogénétique et neurométabolomique », 37032, Tours, France.,PPF-ASB, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Christian R Andres
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Equipe « Neurogénétique et neurométabolomique », 37032, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de biologie moléculaire, 37044, Tours, France
| | - Hélène Blasco
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Equipe « Neurogénétique et neurométabolomique », 37032, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de biologie moléculaire, 37044, Tours, France
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Wu Y, Li L. Sample normalization methods in quantitative metabolomics. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1430:80-95. [PMID: 26763302 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To reveal metabolomic changes caused by a biological event in quantitative metabolomics, it is critical to use an analytical tool that can perform accurate and precise quantification to examine the true concentration differences of individual metabolites found in different samples. A number of steps are involved in metabolomic analysis including pre-analytical work (e.g., sample collection and storage), analytical work (e.g., sample analysis) and data analysis (e.g., feature extraction and quantification). Each one of them can influence the quantitative results significantly and thus should be performed with great care. Among them, the total sample amount or concentration of metabolites can be significantly different from one sample to another. Thus, it is critical to reduce or eliminate the effect of total sample amount variation on quantification of individual metabolites. In this review, we describe the importance of sample normalization in the analytical workflow with a focus on mass spectrometry (MS)-based platforms, discuss a number of methods recently reported in the literature and comment on their applicability in real world metabolomics applications. Sample normalization has been sometimes ignored in metabolomics, partially due to the lack of a convenient means of performing sample normalization. We show that several methods are now available and sample normalization should be performed in quantitative metabolomics where the analyzed samples have significant variations in total sample amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G2, Canada
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G2, Canada.
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Van den Eede N, Cuykx M, Rodrigues RM, Laukens K, Neels H, Covaci A, Vanhaecke T. Metabolomics analysis of the toxicity pathways of triphenyl phosphate in HepaRG cells and comparison to oxidative stress mechanisms caused by acetaminophen. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:2045-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Toxic Markers of Matrine Determined Using (1) H-NMR-Based Metabolomics in Cultured Cells In Vitro and Rats In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:598412. [PMID: 26413125 PMCID: PMC4568042 DOI: 10.1155/2015/598412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrine is one of the main bioactive alkaloids of Sophora flavescens Aiton, which has been widely used to treat various diseases in China. These diseases include viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cardiac arrhythmia, skin diseases, and tumors. However, matrine is also the main toxic compound of this herb, and the available biomarkers are not reliable in detecting or quantifying matrine risk. Metabolomics is a powerful tool used to identify early toxicity biomarkers that are specific indicators of damage to biosystems. This study aimed to find the potential biomarkers of the matrine-induced toxic effects in rats and HepG2 cells. The toxicological effects of rats induced by matrine could be derived from the elevated taurine and trimethylamine N-oxide levels and the depletion in hippurate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, such as 2-oxoglutarate, citrate, and succinate in the urine. Cell metabolomics revealed that the levels of alanine, choline, glutathione, lactate, phosphocholine, and cholesterol showed dose-dependent decreases, whereas the levels of taurine, fatty acid, and unsaturated fatty acid showed dose-dependent increases. Overall, a significant perturbation of metabolites in response to high dose of matrine was observed both in vivo and in vitro, and the selected metabolites particularly represent an attractive marker for matrine-induced toxicity.
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Calderón-Santiago M, Priego-Capote F, de Castro MDL. Enhancing detection coverage in untargeted metabolomics analysis by solid-phase extraction on-line coupled to LC-MS/MS. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2179-2187. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Calderón-Santiago
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales; University of Córdoba; Córdoba Spain
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital; University of Córdoba; Córdoba Spain
| | - Feliciano Priego-Capote
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales; University of Córdoba; Córdoba Spain
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital; University of Córdoba; Córdoba Spain
| | - María D. Luque de Castro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales; University of Córdoba; Córdoba Spain
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital; University of Córdoba; Córdoba Spain
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Jetten MJA, Ruiz-Aracama A, Coonen MLJ, Claessen SM, van Herwijnen MHM, Lommen A, van Delft JHM, Peijnenburg AACM, Kleinjans JCS. Interindividual variation in gene expression responses and metabolite formation in acetaminophen-exposed primary human hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:1103-15. [PMID: 26104854 PMCID: PMC4830893 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1545-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a readily available over-the-counter drug and is one of the most commonly used analgesics/antipyretics worldwide. Large interindividual variation in susceptibility toward APAP-induced liver failure has been reported. However, the exact underlying factors causing this variability in susceptibility are still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to better understand this variability in response to APAP by evaluating interindividual differences in gene expression changes and APAP metabolite formation in primary human hepatocytes (PHH) from several donors (n = 5) exposed in vitro to a non-toxic to toxic APAP dose range. To evaluate interindividual variation, gene expression data/levels of metabolites were plotted against APAP dose/donor. The correlation in APAP dose response between donors was calculated by comparing data points from one donor to the data points of all other donors using a Pearson-based correlation analysis. From that, a correlation score/donor for each gene/metabolite was defined, representing the similarity of the omics response to APAP in PHH of a particular donor to all other donors. The top 1 % highest variable genes were selected for further evaluation using gene set overrepresentation analysis. The biological processes in which the genes with high interindividual variation in expression were involved include liver regeneration, inflammatory responses, mitochondrial stress responses, hepatocarcinogenesis, cell cycle, and drug efficacy. Additionally, the interindividual variation in the expression of these genes could be associated with the variability in expression levels of hydroxyl/methoxy-APAP and C8H13O5N-APAP-glucuronide. The before-mentioned metabolites or their derivatives have also been reported in blood of humans exposed to therapeutic APAP doses. Possibly these findings can contribute to elucidating the causative factors of interindividual susceptibility toward APAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon J A Jetten
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Room 4.112 UNS 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ainhoa Ruiz-Aracama
- RIKILT, Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen UR, PO Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten L J Coonen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Room 4.112 UNS 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra M Claessen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Room 4.112 UNS 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel H M van Herwijnen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Room 4.112 UNS 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Lommen
- RIKILT, Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen UR, PO Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost H M van Delft
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Room 4.112 UNS 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ad A C M Peijnenburg
- RIKILT, Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen UR, PO Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Room 4.112 UNS 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Ranninger C, Rurik M, Limonciel A, Ruzek S, Reischl R, Wilmes A, Jennings P, Hewitt P, Dekant W, Kohlbacher O, Huber CG. Nephron Toxicity Profiling via Untargeted Metabolome Analysis Employing a High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-based Experimental and Computational Pipeline. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19121-32. [PMID: 26055719 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.644146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Untargeted metabolomics has the potential to improve the predictivity of in vitro toxicity models and therefore may aid the replacement of expensive and laborious animal models. Here we describe a long term repeat dose nephrotoxicity study conducted on the human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line, RPTEC/TERT1, treated with 10 and 35 μmol·liter(-1) of chloroacetaldehyde, a metabolite of the anti-cancer drug ifosfamide. Our study outlines the establishment of an automated and easy to use untargeted metabolomics workflow for HPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry data. Automated data analysis workflows based on open source software (OpenMS, KNIME) enabled a comprehensive and reproducible analysis of the complex and voluminous metabolomics data produced by the profiling approach. Time- and concentration-dependent responses were clearly evident in the metabolomic profiles. To obtain a more comprehensive picture of the mode of action, transcriptomics and proteomics data were also integrated. For toxicity profiling of chloroacetaldehyde, 428 and 317 metabolite features were detectable in positive and negative modes, respectively, after stringent removal of chemical noise and unstable signals. Changes upon treatment were explored using principal component analysis, and statistically significant differences were identified using linear models for microarray assays. The analysis revealed toxic effects only for the treatment with 35 μmol·liter(-1) for 3 and 14 days. The most regulated metabolites were glutathione and metabolites related to the oxidative stress response of the cells. These findings are corroborated by proteomics and transcriptomics data, which show, among other things, an activation of the Nrf2 and ATF4 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ranninger
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marc Rurik
- the Applied Bioinformatics Group, Center for Bioinformatics, Quantitative Biology Center and Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Alice Limonciel
- the Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Silke Ruzek
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Roland Reischl
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anja Wilmes
- the Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Paul Jennings
- the Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Philip Hewitt
- Merck KGaA, Merck Serono, Nonclinical Safety, Darmstadt 64293, Germany, and
| | - Wolfgang Dekant
- the Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97078, Germany
| | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- the Applied Bioinformatics Group, Center for Bioinformatics, Quantitative Biology Center and Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Christian G Huber
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria,
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Madhu B, Dadulescu M, Griffiths J. Artefacts in 1H NMR-based metabolomic studies on cell cultures. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 28:161-71. [PMID: 25108704 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-014-0458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Metabolomic studies on cultured cells involve assays of cell extracts and culture medium, both of which are often performed by (1)H NMR. Cell culture is nowadays performed in plastic dishes or flasks, and the extraction of metabolites from the cells is typically performed with perchloric acid, methanol-chloroform, or acetonitrile, ideally while the cells are still adherent to the culture dish. We conducted this investigation to identify contaminants from cell culture plasticware in metabolomic studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human diploid fibroblasts (IMR90) (n = 6), HeLa cells (n = 6), and transformed astrocytes with HIF-1 knockout (Astro-KO) (n = 6) were cultured. Cells were seeded in 100 mm Petri dishes with 10 ml complete growth medium (Dulbecco's minimum essential medium) containing 10 % foetal bovine serum (FBS). Cell cultures were incubated at 37 °C in 5 % CO2 for approximately 3 days. Metabolites were extracted by use of a perchloric acid procedure. (1)H NMR spectroscopy was used for metabolite analysis. "Null sample" (i.e. cell-free) experiments were performed by either rinsing dishes with medium or incubating the medium in Petri dishes from five different manufacturers for 72 h and then by performing a dummy "extraction" of each Petri dish by the perchloric acid, methanol-chloroform, or acetonitrile procedures. Principal components analysis was used for classification of samples and to determine the contaminants arising from plasticware. RESULTS We found that even brief rinsing of cell culture plasticware with culture medium elutes artefactual chemicals, the (1)H NMR signals of which could confound assays of acetate, succinate, and glycolate. Incubation of culture medium in cell-culture dishes for 72 h (as in a typical cell-culture experiment) followed by perchloric extraction in the dishes enhanced elution of the artefacts. These artefacts were present, but somewhat less pronounced, in the (1)H NMR spectra of null samples extracted with methanol and acetonitrile. Ethanol, lactate, alanine, fructose, and fumarate signals that appear in the (1)H NMR spectrum of the unused (pure) medium originate from FBS. CONCLUSIONS Plastic Petri dishes from five different manufacturers gave rise to essentially identical artefactual peaks. Use of a pH indicator to assist neutralisation introduced still more artefactual signals in the aromatic region, as well as methanol and ethanol signals. Methanol and acetonitrile extracts also contained artefacts arising from the plasticware, although the amounts were less than in the perchloric acid extracts. Finally, we provide suggestions for minimizing these artefacts. The best practice would be to run a "null" extraction with every batch of cellular metabolomics experiments to test for contamination and to provide a "background" spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basetti Madhu
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK,
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Juan-García A, Juan C, König S, Ruiz MJ. Cytotoxic effects and degradation products of three mycotoxins: alternariol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol in liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Toxicol Lett 2015; 235:8-16. [PMID: 25772259 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This work is focused in studying the cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells of the mycotoxins alternariol (AOH), 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) by the MTT assay, as well as in the identification of the degradation products and/or metabolites originated after treatment by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) equipment and extracted from culture media. HepG2 cells were treated at different concentrations over 24, 48 and 72 h. The IC50 values were from 65 to 96 μM, from 3.6 to 6.2 μM and from 5.2 to 8.1 μM for AOH, 3-ADON and 15-ADON, respectively. Among all three mycotoxins assayed, deoxynivalenol (DON) derivated presented the highest toxic potential. Mass spectrometry (MS) scan chromatograms of studied mycotoxins allowed to detect products from: (i) the glutathione conjugate: (ii) sulfuric acid conjugated and (iii) amino group of cysteine conjugate. At all assayed times, the increase of recoveries values was obtained in a concentration dependent manner to finally decrease in the following ranking: 72 h>24h>48 h. The abundance relative (%) obtained for AOH's gluthathione ion product oscillated between 48 and 80% while for 3-ADON's ranged from 50 to 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Juan-García
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - Cristina Juan
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Stefanie König
- Department of Nutrition and Home Economics, Faculty of Life Science, University of Applied Science Hamburg, Germany
| | - María-José Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
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Rouquié D, Heneweer M, Botham J, Ketelslegers H, Markell L, Pfister T, Steiling W, Strauss V, Hennes C. Contribution of new technologies to characterization and prediction of adverse effects. Crit Rev Toxicol 2015; 45:172-83. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.986054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Tufi S, Lamoree MH, De Boer J, Leonards PEG. Cross-platform metabolic profiling: application to the aquatic model organism Lymnaea stagnalis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:1901-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Van den Hof WFPM, Ruiz-Aracama A, Van Summeren A, Jennen DGJ, Gaj S, Coonen MLJ, Brauers K, Wodzig WKWH, van Delft JHM, Kleinjans JCS. Integrating multiple omics to unravel mechanisms of Cyclosporin A induced hepatotoxicity in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:489-501. [PMID: 25562108 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve attrition rates of candidate-drugs there is a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying drug-induced hepatotoxicity. We aim to further unravel the toxicological response of hepatocytes to a prototypical cholestatic compound by integrating transcriptomic and metabonomic profiling of HepG2 cells exposed to Cyclosporin A. Cyclosporin A exposure induced intracellular cholesterol accumulation and diminished intracellular bile acid levels. Performing pathway analyses of significant mRNAs and metabolites separately and integrated, resulted in more relevant pathways for the latter. Integrated analyses showed pathways involved in cell cycle and cellular metabolism to be significantly changed. Moreover, pathways involved in protein processing of the endoplasmic reticulum, bile acid biosynthesis and cholesterol metabolism were significantly affected. Our findings indicate that an integrated approach combining metabonomics and transcriptomics data derived from representative in vitro models, with bioinformatics can improve our understanding of the mechanisms of action underlying drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, we showed that integrating multiple omics and thereby analyzing genes, microRNAs and metabolites of the opposed model for drug-induced cholestasis can give valuable information about mechanisms of drug-induced cholestasis in vitro and therefore could be used in toxicity screening of new drug candidates at an early stage of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim F P M Van den Hof
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ainhoa Ruiz-Aracama
- RIKILT, Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Anke Van Summeren
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Danyel G J Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Stan Gaj
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Maarten L J Coonen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Karen Brauers
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Will K W H Wodzig
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Joost H M van Delft
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
This review aims to describe the most significant applications of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in the field of chemical food safety. A particular discussion of all the different analytical steps involved in the metabolomics workflow (sample preparation, mass spectrometry analytical platform and data processing) will be addressed.
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Ulmer CZ, Yost RA, Chen J, Mathews CE, Garrett TJ. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Metabolic and Lipidomic Sample Preparation Workflow for Suspension-Cultured Mammalian Cells using Jurkat T lymphocyte Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:126-132. [PMID: 26401069 DOI: 10.4172/jpb.1000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is the comprehensive study of metabolism as it pertains to an organism or biological system. Lipidomics, a subset discipline of metabolomics, encompasses the study of cellular lipid functions: including pathways, networks, and interactions. The abundance of metabolites and lipids, along with their contribution to health and disease, makes metabolomics a valuable tool for biomarker research. Disease biomarker identification requires a reproducible, sensitive, and accurate analytical platform. Although transcriptomic and proteomic areas have well-established protocols for sample preparation and data processing, the metabolomics field is still developing comparable standardized conventions. Furthermore, of the few comparative LC-MS metabolomic studies that have been applied to mammalian cell cultures, most are targeted to adherent cell lines. The purpose of this work was to optimize a sample preparation workflow for the cellular metabolomic analysis of suspension-cultured mammalian cells using commercially available Jurkat T lymphocytes as a model system. The current investigation evaluated commonly used sample preparation techniques for reproducibility, accuracy, and applicability to untargeted biomarker discovery. Results show ammoniated cell rinsing solutions to be an effective means to remove extracellular components present in the media without causing ion suppression or affecting the integrity of the cellular membrane. Additionally, a novel workflow was designed to allow for the combined analysis of metabolites and lipids from mammalian suspension cells from a single cell pellet. The Folch lipid extraction protocol was coupled to an 80% MeOH metabolite isolation to ensure high extraction efficiency for phospholipids and triacylglycerides. While the workflow was tailored to cells in suspension, it could also be applied to adherent cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Z Ulmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Richard A Yost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA ; Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Clayton E Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Luo K, Luo D, Liu H. Determination of Metabolites in the Cerebellum of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Exposed Mice by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.952373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Palomo L, Casal E, Royo F, Cabrera D, van-Liempd S, Falcon-Perez JM. Considerations for applying metabolomics to the analysis of extracellular vesicles. Front Immunol 2014; 5:651. [PMID: 25566262 PMCID: PMC4274991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Palomo
- Metabolomics Unit and Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE) , Derio , Spain
| | - Enriqueta Casal
- Metabolomics Unit and Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE) , Derio , Spain
| | - Felix Royo
- Metabolomics Unit and Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE) , Derio , Spain ; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Diana Cabrera
- Metabolomics Unit and Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE) , Derio , Spain
| | - Sebastiaan van-Liempd
- Metabolomics Unit and Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE) , Derio , Spain
| | - Juan M Falcon-Perez
- Metabolomics Unit and Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE) , Derio , Spain ; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid , Spain ; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain
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50
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Aug A, Altraja A, Altraja S, Laaniste L, Mahlapuu R, Soomets U, Kilk K. Alterations of bronchial epithelial metabolome by cigarette smoke are reversible by an antioxidant, O-methyl-L-tyrosinyl-γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:586-94. [PMID: 24810251 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0377oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) have first-line contact with harmful substances during smoking, and changes in their metabolism most likely represent a defining factor in coping with the stress and development of airway diseases. This study was designed to determine the dynamics of metabolome changes in HBECs treated with cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), and to test whether normal metabolism can be restored by synthetic antioxidants. Principal component analysis, based on untargeted mass spectra, indicated that treatment of CSC-exposed HBECs with O-methyl-L-tyrosinyl-γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine (UPF1) acted faster than did N-acetylcysteine to revert the effect of CSC. The maximum effect of 10 μg/ml CSC itself on HBEC cell line, BEAS-2B, metabolism was seen at 2 hours after treatment, with return to the baseline level by 7 hours. In primary HBECs, the initial maximum effect was seen at 1 hour after CSC exposure. Certain metabolites associated with redox pathways and energy production were affected by CSC. Subsequent restoration of their content by UPF1 supports the hypothetical protective capacity of UPF1 against the oxidative stress and increased energy demand, respectively. Furthermore, UPF1 up-regulated the contents of phospholipid species identified as phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines in the CSC-exposed HBECs, indicating possible suppression of inflammatory processes along with an increase in spermidine as an endogenous cytoprotector. In conclusion, with this dynamic metabolomics study, we characterize the durability of the CSC-induced metabolic changes in BEAS-2B line cells and primary HBECs, and demonstrate the ability of UPF1 to significantly accelerate the recovery of HBECs from CSC insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argo Aug
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, the Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, Tartu, Estonia
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